E1-E2 (Cfa) Fiber to the Home Fiber to the Home (Ftth)

E1E1--E2E2 (CFA) FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH)

Dependable High Speed Data High Quality Voice Video Service

These services are delivered by Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) Cable Modems Wireless USER REQUIREMENT

Video

Data User

The preferred user’s requirement Voice

• Many services on one infrastructure is efficient • Efficiency = lower costs for users and service providers • Enhanced choice is attractive to customers • Commercially viable for network owner/operator

The solution is fiber based networks on fiber based technologies or FTTH

Unlimited bandwidth

The flexibility to meet customer demand for interactive, video-based services.

In FITL network architecture the fiber optic technology is being deployed from Central Office (CO) of a telephone carrier to a remote serving area interface(SAI) to an Optical Network Unit (ONU) located at the customer premises . Normally, the fiber is deployed in either all or part of the local loop distribution network. • FITL includes various architectures such as FTTC, FTTH & FTTP.

It is a generic term for any network architecture that uses optical fiber to replace all or part of the usual copper local loop used form telecommunications .

© BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED Today, fiber networks come in many varieties, depending on the termination point .i.e. FTTx Fiber To The Node/Network (FTTN) Fiber To The Curb or Cabinet (FTTC) Fiber To The Buildings (FTTB), Fiber To The Home (FTTH), For simplicity, most people have begun to refer to the fiber network as FTTx, in which x stands for the termination point.

Fiber to the node/ Neighbourhood (FTTN)/ Fiber to the cabinet (FTT Cab). Fiber- optic cables runs to a nearest serving cabinet (neighbourhood). Customers connect to this cabinet is using twisted pair wiring. The area served by the cabinet is less than 1500 meters in radius. If the cabinet serve an area of less than 300 meters in radius then the architecture is normally called fiber to the curb. © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED Advantages :- Low Cost Non-blocking or low- blocking performance better supports convergence. Extremely flexible to deploy. Allows the use of a variety of media from the Telephone Exchange to the User . Disadvantages :- Supports less bandwidth

User’s Home

Optical Fiber Cable O ONU L T Copper Cable E ONU

Central Office

A method of installing optical fiber cable by the curb near the user’s home.

User’s Building

Copper loops

O Optical Fiber Cable L ONU T E

Central Office By introducing fiber cables from the fiber termination point to the home living space or business office space FTTB can be converted to full FTTH.

User’s Home

ONU

O Optical Fiber Cable L T E

Central Office

FTTH is the final configuration of access networks using optical fiber cable.

FTTC, the next step, ensures that fiber is available very close to the customer/building. FTTN ensure that all the Network Elements shall have fiber medium. FTTB fiber shall be made available to all buildings. FTTH is the next and ultimate stage in this plan.

It is a form of fiber-optic communication delivery in which an optical fiber runs directly onto the customers' premises. 2. This is dissimilar with other fiber optic communication networks such as (FTTN), (FTTC) or hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC), all of which depends upon copper wires or coaxial cable for "last mile" delivery.

FTTH (Fiber to the Home):- It is the form of fiber optic communication network in which optical signal reaches upto the end user’s office.

2- FTTB (Fiber to the Building):- It is the form of fiber optic communication delivery in which optical signal reaches upto the building, but where the fiber terminate before reaching the home, business premises or set of customers. The remaining path uses other than Optical Fiber.

Direct Shared Fiber fiber

Active Passive Optical Optical Network Network © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED DIRECT FIBER

Here each fiber leaving the central office goes to exactly one customer .i.e. point to point topology

Provides excellent bandwidth because each customer have their own dedicated fiber.

Costlier due to the large amount of fiber requirement.

In this architecture, each fiber leaving the central office is actually shared by many customers.

There are two leading optical distribution networks with which we can achieve this split.

Active optical network (AONs) Passive optical network (PONs)

In this architecture, power equipment is used to distribute the signal such as switch, router or multiplexer.

Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the particular customer. Active Ethernet uses optical switches to distribute the signal. Equipment performs layer 2/layer 3 switching and routing. It can handle upto 1000 customers.

PON is a point -to-multi point, fiber to the premises network architecture. Un-powered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple customers. A PON configuration with 1:32 splitters reduces the amount of fiber. Down stream signal from the Central Office is broadcasted to each customer premises sharing a fiber. Upstream signals are combined using a multiple excess protocol towards Central Office.

The Optical Line Terminal (OLT) equipment is installed in Central Office as head end.

OLT transmits optical signal to splitter, from where the signal is distributed to multiple customers directly or via another splitters.

Optical Network Terminals (ONT) terminate the signal at the customer premises.

PONs do not require any power for the splitters so operational cost and complexity is reduced.

Passive optical splitters are used to split the fiber/ bandwidth and share among many customers.

1:4 1:8 1:16 1:32 © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED PON Architecture

Voice Management System Data ONU Other Video Networks

TDM ONU Video/Audio over IP services PABX O 1:32(64) Optical Splitter PON L T CATV overlay services

TDMA Central Office IP N/Ws TDM

Data 2G BTS ONU

0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logical reach supported by protocol) © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED The basic elements in any PON system are:

OLT : A Central Office (CO) equipment providing PON with the various network interfaces ONU/ONT : An External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for many/single customer PON : distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners providing connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs. NMS : Management of the complete PON system from OLT © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED BSNL FTTH PLAN

Phase-I (2008-09): In phase-I overlay access network is planned in 98 cities where the number of Direct Exchange Lines are more than 3 lakhs i.e 30 millions, therefore Ethernet in the first mile using the FTTB, FTTH is proposed to be deployed.

FTTH systems are deployed as either point to point optical system or point to multi point fiber system (PON).

7 lakhs customers are targeting in the first year. 1.5 lakhs customers in 73 cities with GE-PON. 5.5 lakhs customers in 25 cities with GE-PON & G-PON. © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED Phase-II (2009-10): In second phase of G-PON/GE-PON deployment will be extended to other cities having Optical Access Network cables laid as per OAN target.

In second phase FTTH plan will target 7 lakhs customers to be extended with fast Ethernet/ Gigabit Ethernet service to their buildings on Fiber.

Sufficient fiber structure shall be laid in all these cities for commencing FTTH service.

The total target of FTTH deployment in third phase will be approximately 7.5 lakhs.

The customer base on FTTH upto March-2011 shall be 20 lakhs (200 million).

Broadband PON Ethernet PON (EPON) / Gigabit Ethernet PON (GEPON) Gigabit PON (GPON)

© BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED © BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED GEPON based Next Generation Play Networks Planning: The GEPON network do not support the redundancy so only single fiber and single input splitters are planned.

There are 20 PON ports per GEPON chassis and each chassis is capable to cater 32X20=640 customers.

There are only 1:2, 1:4, 1:8. 1:16 and 1:32 splitters.

1:32 split architecture shall be used in the highly dense locations and multistoried buildings.

Out Door Network (ODN) planning & fiber planning for GPON The OAN to be planned in all broadband cities by deploying high count Optical Fiber cables.

The minimum fiber count to be deployed in these cities will be 96Fibers or 288Fibers and above in main routes and 24Fiber/12Fiber cables for the buildings. The leading fiber will be terminated in fiber termination box.

It is desirable to have one splitter at the premises of the customer / building / locality.

The two leading fiber from (24/12Fiber cable) cables, fiber 1 & 2 will be input to the 2:32 splitter. These 2 fiber can be joined in the two sides of OAN. The other side of the main route fiber will form a ring and terminated on other port.

As the number of customers will be less in the beginning and distributed across the city, cascade splitters can be deployed to cover more area. The number of proposed split can be only two. Splitters may be used in any of the following combinations such as: 2:4 & 1:16 2:4 & 4X (1:8) 2:8 & 1:4 etc.

Being passive network, no active components are required from Central office to end user. Single fiber to the end user providing revenue generating services . FTTH features local battery backup & low power consumption. Reliable, scalable & secure. Future proof network architecture.

Residential or Business Services High Speed Internet Transparent LAN Service Broadcast Video Multi -Play (Voice, Video, Data etc.) Private Line TDM Telephony IP Telephony (VoIP) Wireless Services Wireless backhaul over PON