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Flag Research Quarterly, August 2016, No. 10
FLAG RESEARCH QUARTERLY REVUE TRIMESTRIELLE DE RECHERCHE EN VEXILLOLOGIE AUGUST / AOÛT 2016 No. 10 DOUBLE ISSUE / FASCICULE DOUBLE A research publication of the North American Vexillological Association / Une publication de recherche de THE FLAGS AND l’Association nord-américaine de vexillologie SEALS OF TEXAS A S I LV E R A NN I V E R S A R Y R E V I S I O N Charles A. Spain I. Introduction “The flag is the embodiment, not of sentiment, but of history. It represents the experiences made by men and women, the experiences of those who do and live under that flag.” Woodrow Wilson1 “FLAG, n. A colored rag borne above troops and hoisted on forts and ships. It appears to serve the same purpose as certain signs that one sees on vacant lots in London—‘Rubbish may be shot here.’” Ambrose Bierce2 The power of the flag as a national symbol was all too evident in the 1990s: the constitutional debate over flag burning in the United States; the violent removal of the communist seal from the Romanian flag; and the adoption of the former czarist flag by the Russian Federation. In the United States, Texas alone possesses a flag and seal directly descended from revolution and nationhood. The distinctive feature of INSIDE / SOMMAIRE Page both the state flag and seal, the Lone Star, is famous worldwide because of the brief Editor’s Note / Note de la rédaction 2 existence of the Republic of Texas (March 2, 1836, to December 29, 1845).3 For all Solid Vexillology 2 the Lone Star’s fame, however, there is much misinformation about it. -
Six Flags of Texas
SIX FLAGS OF TEXAS 1685–1689 French flag possibly used by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, during the French colonization of Texas 1690–1785 State flag and ensign of New Spain, also known as the Cross of Burgundy flag 1785–1820 Spanish state flag on land 1821–1823 Flag of the first Mexican Empire 1823–1836 First flag of the Mexican Republic, flown over soil claimed by Mexico until the Texas Revolution 1836–1839; 1839–1879 The "Burnet Flag," used from December 1836 to 1839 as the national flag of the Republic of Texas until it was replaced by the currently used "Lone Star Flag"; it was the de jure war flag from then until 1879 1839–1845/1846 Republic of Texas national flag from 1839-1845/1846 (identical to modern state flag) 1845–1861, 1865–present US flag in 1846 when Texas became part of the Union 1861–1865 CS flag in 1861 when Texas became a part of the Confederacy (for further CS flags, see CS flag: National flags) Secession flags of Texas, 1861[ In early 1861, between the secession of Texas from the U.S. and its accession to the Confederacy, Texas flew an unofficial, variant flag of Texas with fifteen stars, representing the fifteen states. No drawings exist of the flag, there are only imprecise descriptions. The flag may have been based on the state flag or the Bonnie Blue Flag.[23] Possible secession flag based on the state flag Possible secession flag based on the Bonnie Blue Flag State flag over Texas 1845–present Flag of the State of Texas in the United States of America TH BATTLE FLAG OF THE 4 TEXAS The 4th Texas carried two different battle flags during the Civil War. -
The Caddo After Europeans
Volume 2016 Article 91 2016 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Robert Cast Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. and Cast, Robert (2016) "Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016, Article 91. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.91 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 -
Texas Co-Op Power • December 2019
1912_local covers black.qxp 11/12/19 7:54 AM Page 5 COMANCHE ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE DECEMBER 2019 Origins of the Lone Star Nixon vs. Co-ops Desert Vistas Tamale Time The making—and eating—of tamales signals the start of the season Since 1944 December 2019 FAVORITES The blueprint for Texas’ 5 Letters iconic lone star is some- what of a mystery. 6 Currents 18 Co-op News Get the latest information plus energy and safety tips from your cooperative. 29 Texas History Nixon’s Attack on Co-ops By Ellen Stader 31 Retro Recipes Cookies & Candies 35 Focus on Texas Photo Contest: Deserts 36 Around Texas List of Local Events 38 Hit the Road Camp Street Blues By Chet Garner ONLINE TexasCoopPower.com Find these stories online if they don’t FEATURES appear in your edition of the magazine. Texas USA A Star Is Born Texas’ iconic lone star may trace its origins The Southwestern Tempo 8 to 1817 Mexican coins. Excerpt by J. Frank Dobie By Clay Coppedge Observations Lazarus the Bug The Call of the Tamalada Making tamales is a holiday By Sheryl Smith-Rodgers 10 tradition, though eating them never ends. Story by Eileen Mattei | Photos by John Faulk NEXT MONTH Texas Feels a Draft Craft breweries bring entertainment and economic opportunity to communities. 31 38 29 35 STAR: JACK MOLLOY. BEER: MAXY M | SHUTTERSTOCK.COM ON THE COVER Celia Galindo helps continue a tamalada tradition started by her grandmother in 1949 in Brownsville. Photo by John Faulk TEXAS ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Alan Lesley, Chair, Comanche; Robert Loth III, Vice Chair, Fredericksburg; Gary Raybon, Secretary-Treasurer, El Campo; Mark Boyd, Douglassville; Greg Henley, Tahoka; Billy Jones, Corsicana; David McGinnis, Van Alstyne • PRESIDENT/CEO: Mike Williams, Austin • COMMUNICATIONS & MEMBER SERVICES COMMITTEE: Marty Haught, Burleson; Bill Hetherington, Bandera; Ron Hughes, Sinton; Boyd McCamish, Littlefield; Mark McClain, Roby; John Ed Shinpaugh, Bonham; Robert Walker, Gilmer; Brandon Young, McGregor • MAGAZINE STAFF: Martin Bevins, Vice President, Communications & Member Services; Charles J. -
Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 23 Issue 2 Article 7 10-1985 Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence Valentine J. Belfiglio Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Belfiglio, alentineV J. (1985) "Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 23 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol23/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 28 EAST TEXAS mSTORICAL ASSOCIATION ITALIAN AND IRISH CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TEXAS WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE by Valentine J. Belfiglio The Texas War for Independence erupted with the Battle of Gon zales on October 2, 1835.' Centralist forces had renounced the Mex ican constitution and established a dictatorship. The Texas settlers, meanwhile, developed grievances. They desired to retain their English language and American traditions, and feared that the Mex ican government would abolish slavery. Texans also resented Mex ican laws which imposed duties on imported goods, suspended land contracts, and prohibited American immigration. At first the Americans were bent on restoring the constitution, but later they decided to fight for separation from Mexico. Except for research by Luciano G. Rusich (1979, 1982), about the role of the Marquis of " Sant'Angelo, and research by John B. -
HISTORY of the NATIONAL CATHOLIC COMMITTEE for GIRL SCOUTS and CAMP FIRE by Virginia Reed
Revised 3/11/2019 HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC COMMITTEE FOR GIRL SCOUTS AND CAMP FIRE By Virginia Reed The present National Catholic Committee for Girl Scouts and Camp Fire dates back to the early days of the Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) and the National Catholic Welfare Conference. Although it has functioned in various capacities and under several different names, this committee's purpose has remained the same: to minister to the Catholic girls in Girl Scouts (at first) and Camp Fire (since 1973). Beginnings The relationship between Girl Scouting and Catholic youth ministry is the result of the foresight of Juliette Gordon Low. Soon after founding the Girl Scout movement in 1912, Low traveled to Baltimore to meet James Cardinal Gibbons and consult with him about her project. Five years later, Joseph Patrick Cardinal Hayes of New York appointed a representative to the Girl Scout National Board of Directors. The cardinal wanted to determine whether the Girl Scout program, which was so fine in theory, was equally sound in practice. Satisfied on this point, His Eminence publicly declared the program suitable for Catholic girls. In due course, the four U.S. Cardinals and the U.S. Catholic hierarchy followed suit. In the early 1920's, Girl Scout troops were formed in parochial schools and Catholic women eagerly became leaders in the program. When CYO was established in the early 1930's, Girl Scouting became its ally as a separate cooperative enterprise. In 1936, sociologist Father Edward Roberts Moore of Catholic charities, Archdiocese of New York, studied and approved the Girl Scout program because it was fitting for girls to beome "participating citizens in a modern, social democracy." This support further enhanced the relationship between the Catholic church and Girl Scouting. -
Scouts BSA Texas Badge Application
Scouts BSA Texas Badge Application LONGHORN COUNCIL, BSA www.longhorncouncil.org PO Box 54190 Hurst, TX 76054 817-231-8500 0 SCOUTS BSA TEXAS BADGE AWARD APPLICATION 1. Qualifications To earn the Texas Scout Award, you must be an active Scout, Explorer, or Venturer registered in a troop, post, or crew in Texas. 2. State Symbols a. Describe the flag of Texas and explain the significance of its parts. b. Give the name of the state bird of Texas and show that you can identify it in the field by sight or call. c. Give the name of the flower of Texas and show that you can identify it in the field. d. Sing or recite the words of “Texas, Our Texas.” 3. State History a. Describe the six flags of Texas. Describe some of the major events, which occurred in Texas while under each flag. b. Pick any year before 1960. Describe important events that happened in Texas that year and how they influenced the future of Texas. c. Choose a famous Texan. Tell why you chose that person. Read one or more biographies of this person and explain the person’s importance to Texas. I. Identify a site or trail in Texas of historical significance. Tell why it is important to Texas history. II. With one or more companions, hike for at least two miles near the site OR camp overnight at or near the site. d. Assist a volunteer organization, which preserves or perpetuates Texas history or culture by performing a service project (approved by your counselor) for at least 3 hours. -
Handbook of Ethnography
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Wellesley College Library http://www.archive.org/details/handbookofethnogOOIeyb PUBLISHED ON THE LOUIS STERN MEMORIAL FUND HANDBOOK OF ETHNOGRAPHY BY JAMES G. LEYBURN Assistant Professor of the Science of Society in Yale University NEW HAVEN YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON . HUMPHREY MILFORD • OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1931 Copyright 1931 by Yale University Press Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. This book may not be re- produced, in whole or in part, in any form, ex- cept by written permission from the publishers. n PREFACE In any science the study of simple factors aids in the comprehen- sion of the complex. Especially is this true in the study of human society, for modern phenomena are so complicated that they are all but incomprehensible except when viewed in the light of their evolution. Immediately upon his return to simpler societies, how- ever, the reader meets the names of peoples and tribes unfamiliar to him : he has but vague ideas as to the location of the Hottentots, the Veddahs, and the Yakuts ; yet the more deeply he pursues his studies, the more acutely he feels the needs of some vade mecum to tell him who these people are and where they live. This Handbook of Ethnography is designed not only for the trained ethnologist, who cannot be expected to retain in his mem- ory more than a fraction of the tribal names included herein, but for the students in allied fields—in anthropology, archaeology, the science of society (sociology), political science, and the like. -
Montgomery, Texas Photo: Katie Haugland / Flickr the Lone Star Flag of Texas Is One of the Most Recognizable State Flags in the United States
Montgomery, Texas Photo: Katie Haugland / Flickr The Lone Star Flag of Texas is one of the most recognizable state flags in the United States. Now travelers have the chance to explore its birthplace. Montgomery, Texas, is rife with state history, with July of 2012 marking its 175th anniversary. Founded around the Lake Creek Settlement in 1837, Montgomery now finds itself surrounding Lake Conroe. The lake serves as a focal point for much of its attraction: visitors take advantage of the friendly waters for boating, fishing, swimming, and other fun activities year-round. JC Photo / Shutterstock.com Top 5 The Golf Club at La Torretta Crafted by the inspired architecture of players Jay Riviere and Dave Marr, t... Sam Houston National Forest Just a few minutes drive away from Montgomery, the Sam Houston National Fore... Grand Texas Theme Park Adrian Delgado2012 / Flickr Less than an hour drive away from Montgomery, a huge amusement park will app... Sunshine Farm Sunshine Farm is all for good and clean living. Visit this amazing place and... Nauti-Dayz Boat Rentals Spend your spare time on the water. Rent a boat from Nauti-Dayz Boat Rentals... Tim Samoff / Flickr Updated 09 December 2019 Destination: Montgomery, Texas Publishing date: 2019-12-09 THE CITY DO & SEE Hoshi_sae / Flickr (image cropped) YanLev / Shutterstock.com Montgomery, Texas is the birthplace of the Lone For attractions and activities around Star Flag. It’s well worth mentioning again, Montgomery, Texas, look no further than the seeing as Texans take their heritage quite sparkling Lake Conroe. Much of Montgomery's seriously. The city’s history extends back to July appeal resides with the water sports and of 1837, when W. -
HB1007 Cs.Pdf
STATE OF OKLAHOMA 1st Session of the 49th Legislature (2003) COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE BILL NO. 1007 By: Pettigrew COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE An Act relating to the State Capitol; providing for the display of certain flags at the south plaza entrance of the State Capitol at the direction of the Governor; stating historical background; directing the Oklahoma Historical Society to display replicas of certain flags, standards, and banners; designating where and when flags, standards, and banners are to be displayed; directing the Department of Central Services to display the current flags, standards, and banners of certain tribal governments on the grounds north of the State Capitol Building; providing for codification; and providing an effective date. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: SECTION 1. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 24 of Title 73, unless there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows: The Department of Central Services shall display the current flag of the United States of America, an Oklahoma state flag adopted by the Oklahoma Legislature, a flag to commemorate the centennial of the State of Oklahoma, or a combination thereof at the discretion of the Governor on the fourteen flag poles located at the south plaza entrance to the State Capitol Building in the area bounded by the south Capitol Building steps on the north and by Northeast 22nd Street on the south. The flags shall be displayed in a dignified manner every day except Sunday and when the weather is inclement. -
El Camino Real De Los Tejas National Historic Trail Louisiana • Texas
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Louisiana • Texas ElEl CaminoCamino RealReal dede loslos TejasTejas NationalNational HistoricHistoric TrailTrail Comprehensive Management Plan/Environmental Assessment Photo Credits (All photos by Christopher Talbot): Front Cover, Clockwise from top: Los Adaes State Historic Site, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana Conquista Crossing, Karnes County, Texas Fort Jesup State Historic Site, Sabine Parish, Louisiana Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo, Bexar County, Texas Paso de las Islas, Maverick County, Texas Mission Tejas State Park Trail Segment, Houston County, Texas El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Comprehensive Management Plan/Environmental Assessment NATIONAL TRAILS INTERMOUNTAIN REGION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR September 2011 Comprehensive Management Plan/Environmental Assessment El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail U.S. Department of the Interior – National Park Service September 2011 The purpose of this plan is to establish the administrative objectives, policies, processes, and management guidelines necessary to fulfill preservation and public-use goals for El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail, which the U.S. Congress added to the National Trails System on October 18, 2004. The legislation authorizing El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail identified approximately 2,580 miles of trail, extending from the Río Grande near Eagle Pass and Laredo, Texas, to Natchitoches, Louisiana. The designation of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail commemorates significant historic routes extending from the United States-Mexico international border at the Río Grande to the eastern boundary of the Spanish province of Texas in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. -
"Savagery" and "Civilization": an Examination of the Tension Between Acculturation and Removal at the Brazos Reservation, 1855-1859
Free Inquiry in Creative Sodofogy Volume 26 No. I, May /998 Page 71 WAGING THE CONTEST BETWEEN "SAVAGERY" AND "CIVILIZATION": AN EXAMINATION OF THE TENSION BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND REMOVAL AT THE BRAZOS RESERVATION, 1855-1859 Kelly F. Himmel, University of Texas-Pan American ABSTRACT The developmentofthe reservation system between 1849 and the Civil War represents atransition in US Indian policy from removal to acculturation. This case study examines the two conflicting and basically incompatible underpinnings ofthe reservation system: removal (isolation)from the dominant group coupled with a program designed to acculturate Indians tothe norms and values ofthe dominant group. Despitethe efforts made by Indians on the Brazos Reservation in Texas to cooperate with the United States government's acculturation program, the reservation was destroyed by white settlers who refused to allow the Indians to live in their midst. The settlers destroyed the reservation even though itwas to theireconomic benefitto keep it open. Thus, the article increases our understanding ofthe poorly-known formative years of the reservation system as well as the contradictions inherent in an institution thatwasdesigned both to isolate aminority group and acculturate itto the norms and values ofthe majoritygroup. INTRODUCTION Takaki 1979). Previous studies of the Indian reservation However, the westward expansion of the system in the United States have most fre Angio-American frontier of settlement proved quently focused on the post-Civil War period to be much faster than expected, and the and its assimilation policy (Fritz 1963, Hoxie Native American response proved to be less 1984, Trennert 1988). However, the devel tractabie than expected. By the 1830s, forced opment of the reservation system between removal of American Indians east of the Mis 1849 and the Civil War remains poorly un sissippi became official policy.