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THE Pedestrianization of ISTANBUL's Historic Peninsula

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THE Pedestrianization of ISTANBUL's Historic Peninsula THE PEDESTRIANIZatıON OF ISTANBUL'S HISTORIC PENINSULA Perspectives from local businesses www.embarqturkiye.org Pedestrianizing Istanbul's Historic Peninsula 1 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 PEDESTRIANIZATION PROJECTS IN THE HISTORIC PENINSULA 5 2.1 The Historic Peninsula 5 2.2 Pedestrianization Projects 7 2.3 Rules and Policies 7 2.4 Future Plans 7 3 IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIANIZATION PROJECTS 11 3.1 Economic Impacts 12 3.2 Impacts on Air Quality 13 4 PERCEPTION SURVEY 17 4.1 Methodology 17 4.2 Main Findings 18 4.3 Conclusions and Recommendations 25 Report by: Elif Can Yüce, Urban Planner Pınar Köse, Program Coordinator Serdar Özuslu, Urban Planner Esra Süel, Transport Researcher Design and layout by: Nick Price, Graphic Designer Esra Süel This report was prepared with the support of Bloomberg Philanthropies. Pedestrianizing Istanbul's Historic Peninsula 3 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Istanbul's world heritage-listed Historic interaction, economic activity, and improved Peninsula is internationally recognized for its air quality. However, these benefits can only be outstanding universal value. Unfortunately, its achieved through successful implementation rich heritage has been strangled by rapid and of complementary measures. Supporting initially uncontrolled urban growth. Concerns infrastructure (e.g. improved streetscapes, over the preservation of the rich cultural and sufficient public transportation options, historical heritage have increased during the availability of car parks) and stakeholder past decade. In response to raising concerns, buy-in are vital for ensuring the success of local administrations have initiated numerous pedestrianization projects. In this line, the projects in an effort to protect the city’s 8,000 present study aimed to provide more details on year old Historic Peninsula. As part of these completed projects and shed light on the local efforts, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and community's perceptions of benefits. Fatih Municipality pedestrianized more than 250 streets between 2010 and 2012. Section 2 starts with some background to the Historic Peninsula and presents details EMBARQ Türkiye is dedicated to working of pedestrian transformation projects that with local administration and stakeholders for were successfully implemented since 2010. developing solutions for protecting the area. It also highlights planned and ongoing public In this line, EMBARQ Türkiye invited GEHL transportation projects for the peninsula, which Architects to conduct a public space and will significantly alter current conditions.S ection public life survey in the area. The project report 3 provides some theoretical background to included mapping of the major potentials assess economics and air quality benefits of and challenges that the Historic Peninsula pedestrianization projects. This background experiences in its present state and a survey of was valuable in refining the questions for the public life taking place in selected areas. The the perception survey. Finally, Section 4 first report studied the Historic Peninsula as a presents the results from the perception whole, drew attention to current and potential survey conducted with business owners and problems and offered recommendations for employees on the pedestrianized streets. improvement. We believe these findings will be valuable for (i) In this second report, a more focused approach promoting and drawing investments for future had been taken with the aim of assessing pedestrianization projects as it shows that completed pedestrianization projects in stakeholder are mostly happy with the results, the Historic Peninsula. Pedestrianization and (ii) encouraging local administrations to projects from all over the world have shown improve ongoing and future pedestrianization that transforming car-oriented streets into projects as the results highlight priority areas for pedestrianized environments has many potential improvement. benefits: Supporting physical activity, social Pedestrianizing Istanbul's Historic Peninsula 5 SECTION 2 PEDESTRIANIZatiON PROJECts IN THE HISTORIC PENINSULA Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Fatih Municipality have been working on pedestrianization projects in the Historic Peninsula since 2010. More than 250 streets were pedestrianized in Eminönü, Laleli, and Hocapaşa. 2.1 THE HISTORIC PENINSULA It is currently a significant historical, touristic and commercial center of İstanbul, and also A vital part of Istanbul’s historic and cultural a busy public transport hub. Its rich historical legacy and cultural heritage makes the peninsula a challenging area for transport and urban The Byzantine city walls, the Golden Horn, planners. The chaotic network of historic and the Marmara Sea surround the Historic and narrow streets presents challenges Peninsula. Recent findings show that the for accessibility and creates high levels of Historic Peninsula was settled back in the congestion. In addition, the threat of pollution Neolithic period in the 7th millennium BC. This arising from industrialization and rapid area harbored many civilizations throughout urbanization has jeopardized the historical its thousands of years of history, thus its and cultural heritage of the old town. Now, name Historic Peninsula. both international and national organizations work very hard to ensure preservation and conservation of the area. 6 Pedestrianizing Istanbul's Historic Peninsula Pedestrianizing Istanbul's Historic Peninsula 7 Analysis - City Qualities Figure 1 Distribution of Functions (GEHL, 2010) 2.2 PEDESTRIANIZATION PROJECTS 2.3 RULES AND POLICIES Existing levels and expected increase of the A series of supporting rules passed by the peninsula’s daytime population is a significant cause Transportation Coordination Center (UKOME) aims R ag ıp G ü for concern and calls for careful transport and urban to minimize negative impacts of pedestrianization on m ü ş p a la Atatürk Boulevard C d planning. As suggested earlier, rich historical and tourism and commercial activities in the area: cultural heritage adds extra challenge to planning • Streets will be open only to pedestrians between d C l COMMERCIAL e s r i B l efforts. The Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation certain hours during the day. Limited vehicle i m e C . f o r RESIDENTAL P Board has already raised concerns over vibrations access will be allowed at other times; + MIX Büyük Postane caused by heavy vehicle traffic damaging the Basilica • Only official vehicles such as vehicles belonging to Cd Ankara Cd Şehzadebaşı Cd Cistern, in 2011. embassies, the police, the postal service, banks Hüdavendigar Cd d C COMMERCIAL a ş a and the fire department as well as ambulances will P t a COMMERCIAL u F As part of municipal efforts to improve the quality V ezneciler Cd be allowed to enter the area during daytime; of life in the area, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality • Commercial permit holders will be allowed to EDUCATION A TOURISTlemdar CITY started pedestrian-only transformation projects at Y Çadircilar Cd Çadircilar Nuru Osmaniye Cd erebatan Cd access the area after work hours for deliveries; Soğukçeşme Sk Ordu Cd C d Ali Cd Sultanahmet Square in 2010. This was followed • Municipal police officers from Fatih Municipality Yeniçeriler Cd Bab-I Divan Yolu Cd by pedestrianization of 256 streets by the Fatih COMMERCIAL Ishakpaşa Cd are tasked with monitoring the implementations; Peykhane Cd MILITARY Hayriy e Tüccari Cd Municipality between 2010-2012 in Eminönü, d C iyatro Cd • Streets traders are not allowed in selected T a s a Türkeli Cd p l a Tahtakale, Beyazıt, Laleli, Gedikpaşa, and Hocapaşa. Gedik Paşa Cd m e pedestrianized streets; K a Çifte Gelinler Cd f a n t a ı C Lim d s adırga The municipality also carries out supporting u RESIDENTAL K M • Tourist buses are allowed to use the new i z Çapariz Sk a G infrastructure projects for the pedestrianized areas Cd phia route and stops as defined by UKOME in the Kennedy Cd So ya Ha cük TRANSIT Kü including repaving the newly pedestrianized streets FISHING neighborhood. RESIDENTAL with granite pavestones, traffic signalization, Residental + mix waste management, etc. Details of completed Other functions – 2.4 FUTURE PLANS divided into areas pedestrianization projects are presented in Table 2. As suggested above, the two new public transport Legal framework for pedestrianization projects lines will add to daytime population of the area, which already is very high at 2.5 million (GEHL, The Historical Peninsula was added to the UNESCO the district very busy during daytime and deserted The Transportation Coordination Center (UKOME), 2010). Creating streets to accommodate pedestrians World Heritage List in 1985 covering four zones1. at night. The peninsula has a nighttime population of formed under the chairmanship of the İstanbul's visiting or passing through the Historic Peninsula Historic areas in Istanbul are also protected by the approximately 55,635 people in comparison to 2.5 Mayor, is tasked with undertaking planning for will be increasingly important. In this line, Fatih national conservation legislation, and the Historic million during the day. Along Ragıp Gümüşpala Street pedestrianization of the streets. UKOME has the Municipality has plans to pedestrianize more streets Peninsula was declared an archeological site in underpass, pedestrian traffic is busier than most of authority to make decisions on major transportation until Marmaray’s projected opening date, 29 October 1995. The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality started the worlds’ busiest main
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