Snake/ Basin

Hoback River

Table of Contents

Watershed Description ...... 2 Aquatic Wildlife ...... 4 Identification of Conservation Areas ...... 5 Threats...... 6 Conservation Initiatives ...... 8 Recommended Conservation Actions ...... 11 Monitoring ...... 12 Literature Cited ...... 12

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16 - 1

Aquatic Basins Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Watershed Description Wyoming’s Lincoln, Teton, Sublette, and Park counties. Land ownership is predominantly Six major basins were identified for public with only 8% privately held. These conservation planning purposes under this State private lands, however, tend to be vital for Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) using aquatic wildlife along the riparian corridors. hydrographic boundaries and fisheries Public land is primarily managed by the U.S. assemblage and management considerations. Forest Service (69%) and The basins each include one to four sub-regions ( National Park, 21%). (4-digit hydrologic unit code [HUC] There are approximately 4,900 miles of streams watersheds). This approach allows the nesting on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset in of multiple spatial and temporal scales for the Snake/Salt River basin. Major drainages in planning and prioritizing conservation actions. the basin include the Salt, Hoback, Gros Ventre, The Snake/Salt River basin corresponds with and Snake rivers. the Upper Snake sub-region. It includes two 6- Additional information about the basins digit HUCs: Snake Headwaters and Upper drainages, geography, geology, land forms, (Figure 9), eight sub-basins (8-digit climate, dams, reservoirs and diversions, HUCs) and twenty-nine watersheds (10-digit hydrology, habitat types, land use and HUCs). These watersheds span an area of classifications are detailed in the 2010 SWAP. about 5,100 square miles in northwestern

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 2

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Figure 9. Snake/Salt River Basin.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 3

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Aquatic Wildlife The native gamefish community is composed only of Snake River and Yellowstone Cutthroat Fish Trout and Mountain Whitefish. The nonnative Twenty-three fish species are found in the basin. gamefish community consists of seven species are represented by Yellowstone of introduced salmonids and chars. The Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri and an nongame fish community consists of 10 native unnamed presumed subspecies, the fine-spotted species and the introduced Fathead Minnow or Snake River Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii ssp. and White Sucker. Additionally, various tropical Thirteen species or subspecies are native to the fish species have been illegally introduced into basin, and ten are introduced. The WGFD Kelly Warm Springs. recognizes and manages fine-spotted Snake Simon (1951) surveyed 10 sites in the River Cutthroat Trout separately from other Snake/Salt River basin and documented the cutthroats. This distinction has been made presence of all known native species, as well as within the WGFD management program since Arctic Grayling. The Snake River Cutthroat 1955. Trout has been considered a distinct, undefined, fine-spotted variety of cutthroat trout (Behnke 1992).

Table 9. Fishes present in the Snake/Salt River basin. Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are followed by an asterisk (*).

Native game Native nongame Nonnative game Nonnative nongame Mountain Whitefish Bluehead Sucker* Bear River Cutthroat Fathead Minnow Snake River Cutthroat Longnose Dace Trout White Sucker Trout* Mottled Sculpin Brook Trout Yellowstone Cutthroat Mountain Sucker Brown Trout Trout* Northern Leatherside Golden Trout Chub* Grayling Paiute Sculpin Kokanee Redside Shiner Lake Trout Speckled Dace Chub Utah Sucker

Four fishes, including both subspecies of introduced in the basin although the timing and cutthroat trout, are considered Species of location is unknown. While White Sucker Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN). The two remain rare, White Sucker x Utah Sucker cutthroat subspecies have long been the focus hybrids were common in samples recently of fisheries management efforts in the basin. analyzed (Mandeville et al. 2015). Bluehead Sucker and Northern Leatherside Chub are also SGCN. Aquatic Reptiles No turtles are native to the Snake/Salt River No known native species have been extirpated basin and none have been introduced. from the watershed, but two introduced nongame species have been documented in the Freshwater Mollusks and Crayfishes past decade. Fathead Minnow was first Wyoming is still in the discovery phase in terms documented in the Snake River below Jackson of its freshwater mussels and gastropods. Lake Dam in 2002 and in the Lower Salt basin Although fingernail and pill clams and aquatic in 2003. White Sucker have also been gastropods are often encountered during

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 4

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin invertebrate sampling, few published accounts Table 10. Species of Greatest Conservation exist (Beetle 1989, Henderson 1924, Hoke 1979, Need present in the Snake/Salt River Basin Hovingh 2004). Many native mussels, clams, and gastropods are considered SGCN by the Fish Bluehead Sucker WGFD due to a lack of information regarding Northern Leatherside Chub status. Snake River Cutthroat Trout Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout A single species of mussel, the Western Pearlshell, is known to inhabit the Snake/Salt Crustaceans River basin. Western Pearlshell are widespread Pilose Crayfish and are not considered a SGCN (Mathias 2014). Little is known about species present and Mollusks Springsnail distributions of gastropods in the basin. One native species, the Jackson Lake Springsnail, has been documented in the watershed. The nonnative New Zealand Mudsnail has been introduced to the basin above Jackson Lake. All of the native gastropods in the basin are considered SGCN. Identification of Conservation Areas

The only crayfish species that has been Most of the Snake/Salt basin is of high documented in the Snake/Salt River basin is the conservation value for SGCN. Priority areas for Pilose Crayfish. This is a native species found conservation activities during the term of this during both recent surveys (Hubert 1988, plan are shown in Figure 10. Hubert 2010). There is no evidence of the presence of non-indigenous crayfishes in the Aquatic conservation priorities in the watershed Snake River drainage. include, but are not limited to, the mainstem Snake and Salt River corridors, streams to these rivers, the lower reaches of Pacific Creek, and Snake and Salt River that sustain wild cutthroat populations and Bluehead Suckers. Additionally the Gros Ventre River drainage is a priority for both cutthroat trout and Northern Leatherside Chub.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 5

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Figure 10. Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Areas in the Snake/Salt River Basin.

Threats drainage severely fragment the watershed and limit fish movement, mainly through stream dewatering. Lateral and longitudinal hydrologic Water development/altered flow regimes – connectivity is reduced and fish populations are Moderate physically restricted from habitats necessary to Natural flow regimes in stream segments complete their life history in many parts of the around the state have been altered by human drainage. activities, including diversions and water developments for enhanced water supply, The combined effects of and hydropower, and flood control. These altered the levee system have altered flow regimes, flow regimes are also a consequence of broad- instream habitat, and riparian function. Levees scale changes in land use and management were initially used in the 1950s to protect associated with agriculture, grazing, timber private property and now constrain the Snake harvest, and housing development (see River from Grand Teton National Park to south Wyoming Leading Wildlife Conservation of Jackson. Jackson Lake Dam has altered flow Challenges – Disruption of Historic regimes and blocked fish passage since the early Disturbance Regimes). The majority of the 1900s. Outside the levees, spring creeks and Snake/Salt River basin is publicly owned. cottonwood regeneration have been negatively However, the developed areas in the Salt River affected by lack of flooding.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 6

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

While water development can threaten native Drought and climate change – Moderate species, some introduced species, including Climate change may increase air and surface popular sport fisheries, have thrived in the face water temperatures, alter the magnitude and of water development. The simplification of seasonality of and runoff, and shift natural systems by human development tends to the reproductive phenology and distribution of favor species with generalized and broad habitat plants and animals (Seavy et al. 2009) (see requirements. Stable stream flow releases from Wyoming Leading Wildlife Conservation dams, with relatively low peak flows and Challenges – Climate Change). relatively high base flows, perpetuate productive sport fisheries like that found in the Snake River Changes in precipitation patterns under various tailwater. climate change scenarios are predicted to produce peak flows earlier in the yearly cycle Altered flow regimes have also disconnected the and to lower base flows (Barnett et al. 2004). Snake and Salt Rivers and their tributaries from Drought lowers water tables, leading to reduced floodplains. During and following extreme plant growth and reproduction. Riparian precipitation events, floodplains attenuate vegetation declines lead to lower bank stability, sediment and flood energy, reduce bank higher siltation and altered stream habitat erosion, decrease vertical adjustment, quality and quantity. Lower water levels increase and lessen fine sediment inputs into flowing water temperatures and reduce habitat available waters. In addition, this lack of connection has to fish and other aquatic wildlife. All these reduced key cottonwood galleries’ regeneration, conditions can be detrimental to the health and lateral structure, and acreage size. reproductive success of all aquatic wildlife species. Residential development throughout the Snake River, Flat Creek and Salt River valleys are Invasive species – Moderate directly influencing groundwater levels and Aquatic invasive species (AIS) present in the important spring creeks (Wyoming Water basin include the New Zealand Mudsnail. Development Office 2014). These Additional descriptions and definitions of AIS developments often include ponds. Together, can be found in the WGFD AIS management groundwater pumping and pond development plan (WGFD 2010). have the potential to negatively impact water quality(including water temperatures), levels, New Zealand Mudsnails were first bank stability and physical habitat quality and discovered in 1996 in the Madison River in quantity in spring streams which serve as Yellowstone National Park. The mudsnail is spawning and rearing areas for Snake River spread by fish and birds, natural downstream Cutthroat Trout. dispersal, upstream through rheotactic Altered flow regimes from vegetational behavior, and by humans on fishing gear. succession occur in watersheds like the Greys The pathway of introduction into Wyoming River where fire suppression has resulted in a is unknown, but spread on recreational lack of community and age class diversity. angling gear is likely given the first location Conducting watershed scale vegetation of introduction (WGFD 2010). Currently, in treatments has become an important tool for the Salt/Snake River Basin, mudsnail occur enhancing wildlife, both terrestrial and aquatic. in the Snake River upstream of Jackson Lake, For example, aspen treatment projects in the and Polecat Creek. Mudsnail populations drainage have the potential to have decreased in abundance relative to first increase water yield and improve spawning and establishment, a trend observed elsewhere migration of native fish. (Vinson et al. 2007).

In addition to species designated as AIS, several introduced game fishes are problematic in the

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 7

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin basin. Nonnative Rainbow Trout present a improve priority wildlife habitats while substantial threat to Yellowstone and Snake increasing wildlife-based recreation and public River Cutthroat Trout through hybridization, awareness of wildlife habitat issues and while other introduced trout are predators promotion of collaborative habitat management. and/or competitors that have proven successful at eliminating native cutthroat trout populations. In addition to these guiding documents, the While nonnative game fish may need to be WGFD has a number of tools, policies and controlled for conservation and restoration of protocols to protect and enhance native aquatic natives in some areas, these same fish support wildlife. Additional information on Federal popular fisheries that provide important Wild and Scenic designations, state instream recreational and economic benefits (WGFD flow water rights, environmental commenting, 2010). aquatic wildlife stocking and transplant, and disease prevention can be found in the 2010 Other invasive species, such as zebra and SWAP. quagga mussels and Silver Carp, are present in neighboring states and potentially very harmful Interagency plans and agreements to the aquatic wildlife in the basin. Through The states of , , , Utah, outreach and education, watercraft inspections, and Wyoming, along with the U.S. Forest and monitoring, the harmful impacts of these Service and Grand Teton and Yellowstone and other invasive species may be prevented. National Parks, signed a Memorandum of Watercraft are inspected at key locations Agreement (MOA) to jointly conserve, protect, entering the basin at Alpine and Salt River Pass, and restore Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and at major waters including Jackson Lake and populations within their historic range (Range- the Snake River. Ten (10) waters in the basin wide YCT Conservation Team 2009). As part of are monitored annually to detect the presence of the agreement the interstate working group invasive species. These efforts to keep existing under the auspices of the 2000 MOA, completes species in the basin from spreading to new periodic scheduled range-wide status waters, and other harmful species from entering assessments (Endicott et al. 2015). the basin will continue. The states of Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, along with the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Conservation Initiatives Reclamation, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Trout Unlimited, and The Department plans and policies Nature Conservancy, signed a Conservation The WGFD’s Fish Division has developed Agreement to jointly conserve, protect, and basin management plans to guide management restore Northern Leatherside Chub populations across the state. These plans provide within their historic range (UDWR 2009b). A background and history of aquatic wildlife range-wide conservation team meets annually to management as well as management direction. further conservation efforts. As part of the These plans reference the SWAP and the agreement the team is charged with producing status assessments for the species at five year Strategic Habitat Plan, attempting to incorporate management direction relevant to intervals. each basin. The states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Habitat management efforts are guided by the Mexico, Utah and Wyoming and U.S. Fish and WGFD Strategic Habitat Plan (SHP) that is Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, periodically revised and approved by the National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Wyoming Game and Fish Commission. The Reclamation, Jicarilla Apache Nation, Southern goal of the SHP is to conserve, enhance, and Ute Indian Tribal Council, and U.S. Forest Service are signatories to a range-wide

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 8

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin conservation agreement and strategy for substantial Snake River Cutthroat Trout Roundtail Chub, Bluehead Sucker and populations and natural channel design Flannelmouth Sucker (UDWR 2009a). As part restoration work has been completed on 3.5 of the agreement an interstate working group miles of stream on the to meets annually to discuss conservation needs benefit all trout life stages (WGFD 2016). and produces regular status assessments. Enhancement work has been conducted by The National Fish Habitat Action Plan WGFD biologists on area spring (NFHAP) was developed by a coalition of streams on private lands including Fish Creek, fisheries professionals, state and federal Edmiston Spring Creek, Blue Crane Creek, and agencies, tribes, foundations, conservation and Spring Creek. This work includes channel angling groups, businesses and industries, all narrowing, pool and gravel enhancement, and determined to reverse the declines of America’s adding features to reduce fine sediment and fish habitats. The WGFD is involved with three benefit Snake River Cutthroat Trout spawning, NFHAP partnerships, Fish Habitat fry and juvenile habitat (WGFD 2011, WGFD Partnership, the Western Native Trout 2014). Initiative, and the Fishes Habitat Partnership. The Western Native Trout WGFD biologists completed channel Initiative covers the Snake/Salt Basin. enhancements on Crow Creek in the Salt River Additional information on Fish Habitat drainage to benefit Snake River Cutthroat Trout Partnerships can be found in the 2010 SWAP. (WGFD 2011). Project activities addressed Ongoing and completed conservation channel form to improve pool diversity and actions function, gravel cleaning to benefit spawning Numerous projects have been completed to and incubation, and riparian willow plantings to benefit SGCN in the Snake/Salt basin since the enhance shade and insect production. implementation of the 2010 SWAP (previous accomplishments are documented in the 2010 Secure and enhance populations and SWAP). Multiple sources of funding have been habitats in SGCN priority areas used to implement projects. Projects have been No reported projects completed by department personnel and through contracting and granting with research Enhance spawning runs of Snake River partners. Accomplishments are listed under Cutthroat Trout headings taken from the Recommended WGFD biologists planted eyed-eggs in suitable Conservation Actions (bold headings) in the spawning streams to encourage future spawning 2010 SWAP. While accomplishments are not runs of Snake River Cutthroat Trout. duplicated under more than one action they commonly address multiple actions. Although Remove fish passage obstacles this list is not comprehensive of all actions, WGFD biologists worked with partners and most of the significant initiatives are contributed funding to several projects to summarized below. enhance fish passage and connectivity. These efforts are detailed in annual Strategic Habitat Protect and enhance Snake River tributary Plan Accomplishments reports (e.g. WGFD streams 2011). WGFD biologists completed several efforts to improve the structure and function of stream WGFD biologists worked with partners to segments and watershed features that benefit modernize irrigation infrastructure and remove aquatic SGCN. These efforts are documented in a barrier on Spread Creek, tributary to the Snake annual Strategic Habitat Plan Accomplishments River. Improved access to over 45 miles of reports. Flat Creek near Jackson supports stream for Snake River Cutthroat Trout and Bluehead Sucker was provided (WGFD 2011).

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 9

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Irrigation diversions from various spring creeks near Jackson were improved to enhance Snake WGFD biologists conducted surveys to identify River Cutthroat Trout passage and limit Bluehead Sucker spawning locations in the entrainments while also benefitting water users. Snake River drainage per recommendations of Example include the Spring Creek headgate Hines (2013). Potential spawning locations (WGFD 2011), the Upper Spring Creek JA were located in Blackrock and Spread creeks Williams passage project (WGFD 2012), and (WGFD 2014). additional Upper Spring Creek passage work completed in 2013 (WGFD 2014). WGFD biologists discovered a new locale for Northern Leatherside Chub in the Gros Ventre WGFD funding assistance was provided to River drainage in 2014 (WGFD 2015). Trout Unlimited to remove a historic Additional inventories in the drainage expanded obstruction on the Gros Ventre River (WGFD the known range of the species (WGFD 2016). 2014). Removing the Kelly (Newbold) Diversion structure improved upstream access WGFD biologists conducted a statewide survey to about 42 miles of the Gros Ventre River of Mountain Whitefish (SGCN in 2010 SWAP) proper and additional tributary streams for from 2009 to 2013. A primary achievement of Bluehead Sucker and Snake River Cutthroat the study was the development of a sampling Trout. approach for assessing populations (Edwards 2014). The study demonstrated most WGFD biologists worked with Trout Unlimited populations are robust leading to the to improve fish passage at the East Side determination that a non SGCN status rank Diversion on the Salt River by creating a fish (NSS5) is appropriate. ladder. Identify and reduce threats to native fish WGFD biologists worked with Grand Teton populations from nonnative species National Park to install baffles in a Ditch Creek WGFD biologists conducted an inventory of culvert under US HWY 26/89/191. The baffles fisheries resources in the drainage will improve passage for all fish, but in from 2008-2014(Miller 2015). Native species particular Bluehead Sucker. were more common than nonnatives in 83% of sites sampled. Evaluate the status and distribution of native aquatic wildlife assemblages with WGFD biologists identified two lake emphasis on Snake River Cutthroat Trout, populations of nonnative species that pose Bluehead Sucker, and Northern Leatherside threats to native aquatic wildlife (Mystery Lake Chub. and Dime Lake). Plans to chemically WGFD biologists used state wildlife grant rehabilitate these lakes to remove nonnative (SWG) funding to complete an inventory of species are underway. Northern Leatherside Chub and their habitat associations in Wyoming (Schultz and Cavalli Implement existing plans and agreements 2012). Surveys were conducted in Pacific to conserve SGCN Creek, Snake River spring creeks, and Buffalo No reported projects Fork River in the Snake/Salt basin. Increase educational efforts about the WGFD biologists used SWG funding to ecological, economic, and social values of complete an evaluation of the distribution and aquatic SGCN movement of Bluehead Sucker in the Snake The WGFD created, produced and River drainage (Hines 2013). Bluehead Sucker disseminated a poster detailing the states native distributed in summer and congregated in fishes. winter.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 10

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Explore water management approaches that Chemically remove nonnative trout from Dime enhance fish habitat and Mystery Lakes. The WGFD completed studies and filed for Describe and locate habitats, structures or instream flow water rights on 10 instream flow stream conditions preferred by nonnative trout segments covering over 48 miles. These include species. two segments on Cliff Creek (Robertson 2011a), North Fork Fisherman Creek (Robertson Inventory, assess, or examine life history 2011b), two segments on the Hoback River requirements of SGCN (Robertson 2011c, Robertson 2012a), Shoal Conduct a thorough investigation of the Creek (Robertson 2011d), the Little Greys River distribution of Northern Leatherside Chub and (Robertson 2012b), Granite Creek (Robertson Bluehead Sucker in the Gros Ventre River 2012c), Dell Creek (Robertson 2012d), and drainage. Willow Creek (Robertson 2012e). Juvenile habitat needs of Bluehead Sucker

should be investigated in the drainage. Continue building voucher collections for all aquatic wildlife. Conduct baseline gastropods surveys in the WGFD biologists collected numerous basin and identify needed actions to maintain or additional fish voucher specimens since the last restore populations. SWAP (2010). All vouchers specimens are submitted to the Museum of Southwestern Survey to fill gaps in knowledge about native Biology, Albuquerque NM. mussel distribution, particularly in the Hoback, Gros Ventre, Salt and Greys river drainages Complete the comprehensive survey for (Mathias 2014). freshwater mussels The WGFD conducted a SWG-funded project Conduct studies to better understand the life in 2011 to assess the distribution and abundance history of lesser understood native fishes in the of native mussels. Inventory surveys were basin. conducted at numerous sites in the Snake/Salt basin (Mathias 2014). Live Western Pearlshell Provide passage and reduce entrainment at were common and abundant at many sites. barriers impacting SGCN Identify barriers to fish passage in the drainage Follow up on recommendations from the and prioritize structures to improve that have graduate research project on gastropods. the greatest potential for benefiting aquatic No reported projects species.

Monitor water resource impacts associated Identify and rank screening priorities to reduce with human developments fish loss to diversions. No reported projects. Improve aquatic habitat for SGCN Complete projects to maintain, restore or enhance salmonid spawning habitats in spring Recommended Conservation stream tributaries. Actions Conduct watershed scale vegetation treatments to benefit native species. Secure, enhance, or establish SGCN populations Complete assessment and stream restoration on Continue to remove Rainbow Trout and lower Flat Creek to improve functions and cutthroat–rainbow hybrids from Laker Spring in benefit Snake River Cutthroat Trout. the Salt River drainage and the Gros Ventre River.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 11

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Monitor instream flow segments for compliance Monitoring with approved instream flow levels. Petition for stream regulation by the Board of Control as Routinely monitor SGCN populations needed when water is available and in priority Monitor Snake River Cutthroat Trout spawning but not reaching the instream flow segment. activity in important spring creeks tributary to Assess sediment supply and stream stability of the Snake and Salt Rivers. subdrainages throughout the Salt River Routinely monitor Snake River Cutthroat Trout watershed to direct future stream restoration populations in the mainstem Snake and Salt efforts. Rivers and important spawning tributaries. Employ water management strategies that Continue monitoring the response of the wild improve habitat for SGCN Snake River Cutthroat Trout population in streams that are no longer stocked. Identify opportunities to work with private water right holders to manage water diversions Establish standardized monitoring and uses with the goal of restoring natural flow protocols and locations for native SGCN regimes for fish and encouraging riparian Monitor Northern Leatherside Chub vegetation recruitment. Where opportunities populations in Pacific Creek and Gros Ventre exist, develop cooperative strategies with River on biennial schedule. landowners and other partners to implement strategies that are beneficial to wildlife. Conduct pre and post project implementation monitoring on aquatic habitat and passage Identify fish and wildlife mitigation for new projects that affect SGCN populations. reservoirs as they are proposed including instream flow regimes and minimum fishery Develop a monitoring protocol for Bluehead pools. Ensure that mitigation recommendations Sucker in the Snake River drainage. are included as conditions in applicable state and federal permits.

File for new instream flow water rights on stream segments with native fishes or native fish Literature Cited habitat to secure habitat in suitable areas. BARNETT, T., R. MALONE, W. PENNELL, D. STAMMER, Continue building voucher collections for B. SEMTNER AND W. . 2004. The effects of climate change on water resources in the all aquatic wildlife West: introduction and Overview. Climatic Change Continue to fill voids in voucher inventory for 62: 1–11. fish per WGFD protocol (Zafft and Bear, 2009). BEETLE, D. E. 1989. Checklist of recent Mollusca of Wyoming. Naturalist 49(4): 637–645. Build gastropod voucher collection and find BEHNKE, R. J. 1992. Native trout of western North permanent repository. America. American Fisheries Society Monograph Increase educational efforts about the 6. ecological, economic, and social values of EDWARDS, G. E. 2014. Mountain Whitefish sampling aquatic SGCN techniques and population assessment in No actions identified. Wyoming’s major rivers. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne.

ENDICOTT, C. L., L. NELSON, S. OPITZ, A. PETERSEN, J. BURCKHARDT, AND S. YEKEL. 2015. Range- wide status assessment for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Onchorychus clarkii bouveri): 2012. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Conservation Team

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 12

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

Report. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, ROBERTSON, M. 2011c. Instream flow studies on the Helena, MT, 49pp. Upper Hoback River. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, HENDERSON, J. 1924. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, WY. Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. University of Colorado Studies 13:65–223. ROBERTSON, M. 2011D. Instream flow studies on Shoal Creek, a tributary of the Hoback River. Wyoming HINES, B. A. 2013. Distribution, seasonal movement, Game and Fish Department Administrative age, growth and health of Bluehead Suckers in the Report, Cheyenne, WY. Snake River drainage, Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, ROBERTSON, M. 2012a. Instream flow studies on the Cheyenne, WY. Lower Hoback River. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, HOKE, E. 1979. Wyoming mussel distributions as WY. revealed by survey activities conducted during the summer of 1978. Wyoming Game and Fish ROBERTSON, M. 2012b. Instream flow studies on the Department, Cheyenne, WY. Little Greys River. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, HOVINGH, P. 2004. Intermountain freshwater WY. mollusks, USA (Margaritifera, Anodonta, Gonidea, Valvata, Ferrissia): geography, conservation, and ROBERTSON, M. 2012c. Instream flow studies on fish management implications. Monographs of the Granite Creek, a tributary of the Hoback River. Western North American Naturalist 2:109–135. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. HUBERT, W. A. 1988. Survey of Wyoming crayfishes. Great Basin Naturalist 48:370–372. ROBERTSON, M. 2012d. Instream flow studies on Dell Creek, a tributary of the Hoback River. Wyoming HUBERT, W. A. 2010. Survey of Wyoming crayfishes: Game and Fish Department Administrative 2007–2009. US Geological Survey Report to the Report, Cheyenne, WY. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. ROBERTSON, M. 2012e. Instream flow studies on Willow Creek, a tributary of the Hoback River. MANDEVILLE, L., PARCHMAN, T., AND C. A. BUERKLE. Wyoming Game and Fish Department 2015. Genomic analysis of sucker hybridization in Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. the Upper Basin. Final Report to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, SCHULTZ, L. AND P. CAVALLI. 2012. Distribution, Cheyenne, WY. habitat use, and biotic associations of Northern Leatherside Chub (Lepidomeda copei) in Wyoming. MATHIAS, P. 2014. Native freshwater mussel surveys Wyoming Game and Fish Department of the Bear and Snake Rivers, Wyoming. Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. SEAVY, N. E. T. GARDALI, G. H. GOLET, F. T. GRIGGS, C. A. HOWELL, R. KELSEY, S. L. SMALL, J. H. MILLER, D. 2015. Long-term assessment of the aquatic VIERS, AND J. F. WEIGAND. 2009. Why climate community in the Hoback River watershed. change makes riparian restoration more important Wyoming Game and Fish Department than ever: recommendations for practice and Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. research. Ecological Restoration 27:330-338. RANGE-WIDE YCT CONSERVATION TEAM. 2009. SIMON, J. R. 1951. Wyoming Fishes (revised). Wyoming Conservation agreement for Yellowstone Game and Fish Department Bulletin Number 4. Cutthroat Trout ( clarkii bouvieri) Cheyenne. in the States of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. UDWR. 2009a. Rangewide conservation agreement and strategy for roundtail chub (Gila robusta), ROBERTSON, M. 2011a. Instream flow studies on Cliff bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and Creek, a tributary of the Hoback River. Wyoming flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis). Utah Game and Fish Department Administrative Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT. Report, Cheyenne, WY. UDWR. 2009b. Rangewide conservation agreement ROBERTSON, M. 2011b. Instream flow studies on and strategy for northern leatherside (Lepidomeda North Fork Fisherman Creek in the Hoback River copei). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt basin. Wyoming Game and Fish Department Lake City, UT. Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 13

Aquatic Basins Wyoming Game and Fish Department Snake/Salt River Basin

VINSON, M., T. HARJU, AND E. DINGER. 2007. Status WGFD. 2014. Annual fisheries progress report on the of New Zealand Mud Snails (Potamopyrgus 2013 work schedule. Wyoming Game and Fish antipodarum) in the Green River downstream from Department, Cheyenne. Flaming Gorge Dam: Current Distribution; WGFD. April 2015. 2014 Annual report strategic Habitat Preference and Invertebrate Changes; habitat plan accomplishments. Wyoming Game Food Web and Fish Effects; and Predicted and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. Distributions. Final Report for Project Agreements. Available at: www.usu.edu/buglab WGFD. 2015. Annual fisheries progress report on the 2014 work schedule. Wyoming Game and Fish WATER DEVELOPMENT OFFICE. 2014. Volume 1 2012 Department, Cheyenne. Snake/Salt River Basin Plan Update. Cheyenne, WY. See WGFD. April 2016. 2015 Annual report strategic http://waterplan.state.wy.us/plan/snake/2012/Pl habitat plan accomplishments. Wyoming Game anUpdate/201411_FinalRept.html and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. WGFD. April 2011. 2010 Annual report strategic WGFD. 2016. Annual fisheries progress report on the habitat plan accomplishments. Wyoming Game 2015 work schedule. Wyoming Game and Fish and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. Department, Cheyenne. WGFD. April 2012. 2011 Annual report strategic ZAFFT, D.J. AND E.A. BEAR. 2009. Guidelines for the habitat plan accomplishments. Wyoming Game collection of fish voucher specimens. Wyoming and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY. Game and Fish Department Administrative Report, Cheyenne, WY. WGFD. April 2014. 2013 Annual report strategic habitat plan accomplishments. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY.

Wyoming State Wildlife Action Plan – 2017 Page III – 16- 14