Who’s Who In : Who Shaped It, Who’s Shaping It

Vikki G. Brock

November 1, 2006 ICF Research Symposium Doctoral Study Intent

Provide an accurate recording of the emergence of the coaching field:

• Recognize the influence of related professions • Value the contributions of pioneers • Include divergent perspectives

This is a collaborative effort for the benefit of coaching. Research Approach

Literature search (2005-2006) – Internet – Books – Periodicals, newsletters, etc Survey (4th quarter 2005) – 1310 respondents Interviews (2006) – Over 150 people Content

• Related Professions Influence • Early Coaching Timeline • Key Influencer Relationships • Professional Coaching Associations • Geographical Timeline 19th Century 1945 21st Century BIOLOGY 1800 SUCCESS MERCHANTS ANTHROPOLOGY 1937-1960 1843 12-STEP PROGRAM HPM LINGUISTICS 1960s 1935 1880s HUMANISTIC 1950s TRANSPERSONAL 1960s PSYCHOLOGY MOVEMENT 1879 1970s PHILOSOPHY SOCIAL ORGANIZATION PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 1930s-1950s

SOCIOLOGY ADULT DEVELOPMENT* 1838 ADULT EDUCATION 1950s 1926 ADULT LEARNING Apprenticeships TRAINING

ECONOMICS FACILITATION CONSULTING 1973 1890s MANAGEMENT 19th Century 1977 PERSONNEL FUNCTION HUMAN RESOURCES 1900 Mid-1980s MENTORING PERFORMING ARTS SPORTS

Other Influencing Discipline Identified Influence from Survey PERSONAL COACHING •Maxwell Maltz INFLUENCESCoaching“Cybernetics” Timeline •Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control” Large Group 1950s •Thomas Harris 1930s Awareness •Earl Nightingale “I’m OK, You’re Landmark Forum •Dale Carnegie Training (LGAT) •Norman Vincent OK” • • est Peale Self-help • Leadership •L. Ron Hubbard Personal Dev. industry includes Alcoholics Training Dynamics Anonymous (AA) “” 12-step programs •Transcendental • • LifeSpring • etc. Meditation Esalen founded - explore “Human Potential” BUSINESS COACHING APA Executive Transformational INFLUENCES Coaching Technologies Beckhard OD PDI offers Exec. OD coaching Leader-Coach Coaching influenced by: The Managerial relationship Wheatley, Covey, Grid book Performance Inner Game LTD Goleman, Senge Coaching for Gardner, Nevis, Managers book CCL consultant- Cooperrider coach leadership work Linkage Inc

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Early Business Coaching Books, Services and Workshops

1978 Coaching for Improved Work Performance (Fournes) 1979 Coaching: Beyond Management (Selman) A Manager’s Guide to Coaching (Megginson) 1980 Inner Game (Gallwey) Inner Game Ltd (Whitmore) 1981 Personnel Decisions International (PDI) offers Executive Coaching (Peterson) 1984 Transformational Technologies (Sellman/Erhard) 1987 The Coach: Creating Partnerships for a Competitive Edge (Stowell/Starcevich) 1987 Results Unlimited (Sally Hedges) Early Personal Coaching Books, Services and Workshops

1989 College for Life Planning (Leonard)

1992 Coaches Training Institute (CTI) Coach University

1998 Co-Active Coaching (Whitworth, Kimsey- House, Sandahl)

1998 Evoking Excellence in Others (Flaherty) Julio James Jeff Olalla Flaherty Auerbach Fernando Flores Patrick ILE CH Williams

Philosophy Richard Kilberg

David Peterson

Psychology Randall White S E Michael T A Cavanagh Robert T A S U Witherspoon D S E T IT R Anthony N A Frederic U L Grant I Hudson A

Linda Rey Page David Carr David Megginson DA Lane NA David CA Pauline Stephen Clutterbuck Willis Palmer Mentoring UNITED KINGDOM 13 Other Franchises Transformational Rafael L Echeverria Technologies A 1982 Alan C Co-founded 1984 1976 Fernando I Collins Jim G Julio ugh Flores O thro Corporate Division red l L Olalla Selman nso iona 1990 Spo rnat O Inte T esty Newfield Network Amn N Werner O 1982 Associates (est) Erhard James Founded 1971 1975 Flaherty Individual Focus 1985 Worked for WEA New Ventures West Thomas 1990s Leonard

1974 Timothy Laura Gallwey Whitworth E NANC Sir John FI S Whitmore RT O SP NG UK 1975 TI Henry AC Kimsey- Ken Robert House Blanchard Jay Hargrove Perry Actors Information Project Manag 1979-1990 ement and Con sulting Madeleine Homan Rick Tamlin Cynthia Loy Darst Eric Kohner David Matthew Prior Isabel Parlett Success Merchants 1930s-1960s USA Large Group Awareness Training (LGAT) “T” and “S” Groups 1970s-1980s 1960 Edwin Nevis 1970s1930s JohnDale Carter Carnegie Napoleon Hill Werner Erhard “est” Findhorn Warren Patrick Penn “Leadership1962 Dynamics ” Esalen1950s Carl RogersEarl Nightingale Timothy Leary Esalen NationalNorman Training Vincent PealeRavelle, White, Hanley, AfremowUK “Lifespring” Robert Bly B. F. Skinner 1962 LaboratoriesFritz L.Perls Ron (NTL) Hubbard Gregory “Scientology”Thomas Bateson Willhite “PSI World Seminars” 1947 USA Howard Nease “PersonalUSA Dynamics” Alan MaxwellWatts Maltz Richard“Cybernetics” Alpert Transpersonal Stanislav Grof MiltonTavistock AlexanderErickson Everett “Inward Bound” Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control” Psychology Findhorn Spiritual and New Age 1946FocusJohn (1921) Quinn “Lifestream” 1960s Mind Dynamics” 1970s BobUK White “Life DynamicsHumanistic” (Japan) 1974 MayOrganization Lectures (UK)Sir JohnJohn Whitmore Enright “ARC SeminarsPsychology” -Development Werner Erhard, Gestalt, PsychosynthesisStewart Emery “Actualizations1950s ” - Brought1950s Findhorn and EsalenRandy together Ravelle “Context Associated” Business/ Organization Coaching 1980 Transformational United Kingdom Technologies 1984 Sir John Whitmore Graham Alexander Jim Selman 5 197 Myles Downey Werner Erhard 1980 (and many others) (and many others) United States Tim Gallwey—Sports 1974 Performance

Personal Transpersonal Humanistic Development Psychology Psychology Werner Erhard Roberto Assagioli Alexander Everett Aldous Huxley Abraham Maslow Joe Silva Stanislof Grof Fritz Perls L. Ron Hubbard Michael Murphy Virginia Satir Dale Carnegie Albert Ellis Napoleon Hill Management Consulting Marshall Goldsmith Leadership Jim Selman Development Fernando Flores Organization David Megginson Mary Beth O’Neill Development Ken Blanchard • National Training Stephen Covey Laboratories (NTL) Ferdinand Fournies • Tavistock Business • Gestalt Principles Adult Learning and Coaching Development Frederic Hudson Sports

Psychology Sir John Whitmore Timothy Gallwey Richard Kilburg Mentoring Graham Alexander David Peterson David Clutterbuck Myles Downey Robert Witherspoon Richard Strozzi-Heckler David Megginson Randall White Eric Parsloe Anthony Grant David Lane International Association Professional 1993 of Personal and 1995 and Personal Professional Coaches Coaches Association New York Coaching Alliance Personnel Decisions Inc. Coaches Training Became Hudson Institute one in Institute National Coaching Network Dec. Int’l Assn Ontological Coaches 1997 Co-Founded 1992 Coaches Training Institute Laura Whitworth International 0 99 Henry Kimsey-House Coach 1 on d ti Karen Kimsey-House e Federation ra n o li b c 1998 & on la e ol d C — d e it v Coach U In International College for Launch 1995 Coach Life Founded 1992 Federation Planning Sold 1996 to Spun off 1997 1997 1989-1991 Sandy Vilas

Coachville International Idea in May 2002 Association of Coaches Founded Spun off March 11, 2003 June 2, 2001 Coaching Associations

IAPPC PPCA PCMA NABC WABC ACTO ICCO GSAEC Canada United ICF States IAC

BPS- APECS United SGPC Kingdom EMCC European AC

JCA APS- CCA Japan IGPC China 1999 Australia 1994 1995 1996 1997 ⇔ 2002 2003 2004 2005 Geographical Spread of Coaching Earliest Coaching Program or Company

United States – Inner Game “Timothy Gallwey”

United Kingdom – Inner Game “Sir John Whitmore”

Switzerland

Austria

France Hong Kong - China Japan Australia Singapore Italy Korea 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Beginnings of Coaching

Business Coaching 1980 United States – Timothy Gallwey United Kingdom – Sir John Whitmore Personal Coaching 1989 United States – Thomas Leonard Common Threads Worldwide 1960s-80s Humanistic & Transpersonal Psychology 1970s-80s Large Group Awareness Training 1980s Consulting, OD & Leader Development In Summary…

Werner Erhard popularized personal growth

Thomas Leonard popularized coaching

Neither founded either field