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Impact of the Covid-19 on Vulnerable Groups and Groups at Risk Causes, Outcomes and Recommendations

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Impact of the Covid-19 on Vulnerable Groups and Groups at Risk Causes, Outcomes and Recommendations ANALYSISIMPACT OF OFTHE THE COVID-19 IMPACT ON OF VULNERABLE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON GROUPS AND GROUPS AT RISK VULNERABLE GROUPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA CAUSES, OUTCOMES AND RECOMMENDATIONS SOCIAL INCLUSION AND POVERTY REDUCTION UNIT This Analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Human Rights in the Republic of Serbia has been carried out within the "Surge II" initiative of the United Nations Oce for Human Rights (OHCHR) The publication does not represent the official position of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, nor of the Government of Switzerland. All terms used in the publication in the mascu- line grammatical gender include the masculine and feminine genders of the person to whom they refer. Design by MaxNova d.o.o Belgrade IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 ON VULNERABLE GROUPS AND GROUPS AT RISK CAUSES, OUTCOMES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Belgrade, 2020. CONTENT INTRODUCTION ...................................................3 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS...............70 AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON ROMA MEN AND WOMEN ............................4 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ON HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS ...................74 AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON YOUTH ..........................................................18 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ON JURNALISTS AND THE MEDIA ...................82 AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON HOMELESS PERSONS ................................ 30 POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA .......92 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC PROPOSED MEASURES FOR PREVENTION AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON AND RESPONSE TO ADDITIONAL LGBTI PEOPLE ................................................... 40 VULNERABILITIES CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ................................ 98 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION IN THE ON PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ................. 50 EVENT OF A NEW WAVE/POST-CRISIS PERIOD ............................................................. 106 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURESS ON PERSONS DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY ............64 2 INTRODUCTION The analysis “Impact of the COVID-19 on vulnerable Serbia, and for that purpose explores the most recent groups and groups at risk - causes, outcomes and results of the SILC survey from October 2020 (Survey recommendations” represents a comprehensive mec- on Income and Living Conditions). The analysis con- hanism for addressing the causes of social exclusion siders the time span from March to September 2020, of certain groups in the Republic of Serbia. The study while the data on poverty are updated with findings presents the negative consequences of the current from October 2020. epidemic on vulnerable groups and groups at risk and identifies immediate, underlying and structural In the assessment of the impact of the state of emer- causes the intensifying of which (during the state of gency, the adopted measures and COVID-19 crisis on emergency and the overall crisis) has led to magnified particular social groups, in addition to the analysis or new forms of inequalities. The findings and recom- of the existing national, regional and international mendations are directed towards the Government of reports, a great contribution has been given by the Serbia, development partners and other actors whose civil society organizations, national and local, which actions directly contribute to the advancement of the played a key role in continuous interaction with rights position of the groups in focus. holders and providing direct assistance of different kinds during the state of emergency and onward. A The analysis firstly focuses on social groups that total of 54 organizations provided response to questi- traditionally face the highest risks of discrimination, onnaires for the purpose of this analysis, out of which poverty or social exclusion, but also includes the the majority either represent groups in focus or have groups that had been identified as groups at risk, been actively and continuously advocating for the rea- according to the findings of United Nations Human lization of their human rights. Rights Mechanisms, as well as to continuous exc- hange with the civil society organizations. There- The analysis is a result from a partnership between the fore, the analysis considers outcomes and causes United Nations Team for Human Rights in Serbia (with that concern the Roma, persons with disabilities, the the support from the Office of the UN High Commis- LGBTI, homeless persons, people living with HIV/ sioner for Human Rights OHCHR) and the Team for AIDS, persons deprived of liberty, the youth, human Social Inclusion and the Reduction of Poverty of the rights defenders and the journalists. Government of Serbia (with support of the Govern- ment of Switzerland). We are certain that the findings In the methodological sense, the analysis is driven by and recommendations from the analysis provide an approach based on human rights and the Leave solid basis for further investment from all interested No One Behind principle in the context of the Agenda actors towards the achievement of greater equality 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals. In addi- and access to rights, services and support, as well as tion to these analytical sections, the study explores higher resilience of the society as a whole. poverty trends and movements in the Republic of 3 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 1 EPIDEMIC AND ADOPTED MEASURES ON ROMA MEN AND WOMEN 4 IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 ON VULNERABLE GROUPS AND GROUPS AT RISK - CAUSES, 1 OUTCOMES AND RECOMMENDATIONS The reports coming from the overview of the UN in the previous years, the educational structure of human rights mechanisms1 as well as other relevant Roma men and women is still very unfavourable.5 sources2 continuously indicate the very difficult posi- Total number of unemployed people of Roma nation- tion of the Roma national minority in the Republic of ality registered at the National Employment Service in Serbia. With the outbreak of the epidemic caused by 2019 was 25.918 (49.6% Roma women)6 and conse- the coronavirus, it can be assumed that the risk of dis- quently they have been recognized as one of priority crimination and socio-economic marginalization and groups to receive employment support. Adequate social exclusion increased multiple times. There are housing is still a big issue, especially in relation to the new risks as well as, particularly affecting the poorest poorest categories of Roma population from informal sections of the Roma community, without sustainable settlements, with no access to basic infrastructure income and access to basic living conditions (safe and services.7 water, electricity, sanitation, etc.). Warnings and recommendations issued by interna- According to the 2011 Census, Roma men and Roma tional bodies and mechanisms for human rights in women constitute around 2.1% of the population in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and emergency Serbia3 and are recognized as one of the most vulner- measures, related to the position and rights of Roma able groups based on the degree of social exclusion men and Roma women can be grouped in several key and poverty rate.4 Despite significant improvements areas: 1 Concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights regarding the second periodic report of Serbia; Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in relation to the combined second, third, fourth and fifth periodic reports of Serbia, Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in relation to the fourth periodic report of Serbia; Concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding the second and third periodic reports of Serbia; Report of the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing on her visit to Serbia, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons on Serbia visit, all available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/RSIndex.aspx\ 2 Annual Progress Reports of the European Commission, (2006-2019), available at: https://www.mei.gov.rs/srp/dokumenta/eu-dokumenta/godisnji-izvestaji-ek 3 Svetlana Radovanović, Aleksandar Knežević, Roma people in Serbia: 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (2014) 4 The Strategy for Social inclusion of Roma in the Republic of Serbia for the period from 2016 to 2025, available at: https://ljudskaprava.gov.rs/sh/node/19980 5 19.5% of Roma older than 14 did not complete primary school (66.6% women); 33.3% completed primary school (43.9% women), 11.05% completed high school (30.4% women), 0.7% graduated from college and university (32.06% women), Svetlana Radovanović, Aleksandar Knežević, op.cit. 6 Report on the work of National Employment Service for 2019., National Employment Service, Belgrade, 2020, pg. 8 7 United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/RSIndex.aspx; Aleksandar Đorđević, Substandard Roma Settlements in Serbia: An Overview from Geographic Information System for 2016 https://www. osce.org/files/f/documents/7/0/309401.pdf; The results of the 2017 analysis of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program show that there are significant differences
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