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Women in the Pakistan Media

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Women in the Pakistan Media MORE WOMEN IN MEDIA THE WAY FORWARD Facts and figures are the staple food of journalists and program-makers. In discussions about what is wrong with, or missing from, the pictures of the world we get from media content, hard data together with concrete examples will reach media professionals with an immediacy never achieved by theory or abstract argument. This is what media monitoring and advocacy is about. Margaret Gallagher, Author of Who Makes the News? Report of the Global Media Monitoring Project, 2005 Table of contents Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... V Acronyms.............................................................................................................................VII Foreword............................................................................................................................. IX Preface.................................................................................................................................. XI Executive summary........................................................................................................... XIII Chapter 1: Introduction and context.........................................................................1 Global contex................................................................................................................ 1 The Pakistan context.................................................................................................... 2 Gender policies in media houses................................................................................3 Chapter 2: Media monitoring - Concepts & methodology..................................4 Methodology.................................................................................................................4 Purpose of the research................................................................................................4 Scope of the analysis.....................................................................................................5 Instruments/research tools.........................................................................................6 Chapter 3: Missing in news and views: Women’s representation in Pakistan Media9 Why are there fewer women in Pakistan media?....................................................9 Women missing from top positions.......................................................................... 9 Culture and tradition...................................................................................................10 Is training an issue for Pakistani women in media?................................................11 Long and unpredictable hours...................................................................................12 Unfriendly environments and a lack of facilities.....................................................12 Chapter 4: Gender-sensitive reporting? Portrayal of women in media............15 What is gender-sensitive reporting?..........................................................................15 Stereotyping women in media....................................................................................16 Use and impact of derogatory language in media.................................................. 17 Media bias and women in sports................................................................................17 Media advertisements..................................................................................................18 Chapter 5: Equality? Working conditions and environment..............................20 Gender division of news beats....................................................................................20 Differences in earnings.................................................................................................20 Sexual harassment........................................................................................................20 Favors for job security..................................................................................................21 Chapter 6: What do women bring to the media?..................................................... 23 Why is gender an issue in the media?....................................................................... 23 Women role models..................................................................................................... 23 Gender specific coverage.............................................................................................23 Chapter 7: Bringing about a change for the better................................................42 Strategies and measures to achieve gender equality.............................................. 42 Affirmative action........................................................................................................ 42 Education and capacity building................................................................................43 Mentoring...................................................................................................................... 44 Career pathing and promotions..................................................................................44 Chapter 8: Gender sensitization training and gender audit................................45 Gender-sensitization training.....................................................................................45 Gender audit of media................................................................................................ 46 Chapter 9: Media and the rights of women in Pakistan...................................... 47 Constitution of Pakistan.............................................................................................. 47 International commitments adopted by Pakistan................................................... 47 Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action (1995)......... 48 Pakistan’s National Plan of Action for Women........................................................48 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)..................................................................................................................49 Pakistan’s response to the international commitments............................................50 Chapter 10: Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................52 Recommendations..........................................................................................................52 List of resources...................................................................................................................55 Figures Figure 1: Breakdown of news items in print media per publication 25 Figure 2: Breakdown of news items on radio per station monitored 26 Figure 3: Breakdown of news items on TV per channel monitored 27 Figure 4: Occurrence of news items on women in each medium 27 Tables Table 1: Breakdown of news items in print media per publication 24 Table 2: Breakdown of news items on radio per station monitored 25 Table 3: Breakdown of news items on TV per channel monitored 26 Table 4: Occurrence of news items on women in each medium 27 Table 5: Breakdown of news items on radio by language 28 Table 6: Breakdown of news items on TV by language 28 Table 7: Breakdown of news items in daily newspapers by size 29 Table 8: Breakdown of news items in magazines by size 29 Table 9: Breakdown of news items on radio by duration 30 Table 10: Breakdown of news items on TV by duration 30 Table 11: Breakdown of news items in print by theme/topic per publication 32 Table 12: Breakdown of news items in print by theme/topic 32 Table 13: Breakdown of news items on TV by theme/topic 33 Table 14: Breakdown of news items on radio by theme/topic 33 Table 15: Theme-wise breakdown of news of print and electronic media 34 Table 16: Breakdown of news items in print by favorability 35 Table 17: Breakdown of news items on TV by favorability 36 Table 18: Breakdown of news items on radio by favorability 37 Table 19: Breakdown of news items in print by gender of journalists 37 Table 20: Breakdown of news items on radio by gender of presenters 38 Table 21: Breakdown of news items on TV by gender of presenters 38 Table 22: Description of categories for various formats of news items 39 Table 23: Breakdown of news items in print media by format per publication39 Table 24: Breakdown of news items in print media by format 40 Table 25: Breakdown of news items in print media by placement per publication40 Table 26: Breakdown of news items in print media by placement 41 Acknowledgements The report, “More Women in Media: The Way Forward”, consists of deliberations and recommendations, that are a result of the research carried out by Uks Research Center on Women and Media, intended to be used by media persons to become better informed about gender issues, and to assist them in promoting gender equality through positive attitudes in media. Uks Research Center on Women and Media wishes to thank all those who have supported and contributed to the development of the report: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (USA), especially Robert Hathaway, Director Asia Program, for having the faith in Uks to carry out this research. Kalsoom Lakhani of ML Resources for her understanding of the issue, and thus her support. Amir Mateen, Senior journalist (formerly with Rohi
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