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DISABILITY MANAGEMENT in INDIA Challenges and Commitments

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DISABILITY MANAGEMENT in INDIA Challenges and Commitments DISABILITY IN INDIA CHALL€NO€S COMMITM€NTS L BY C S MOHAPATRA_ NIMH DISABILITY MANAGEMENT IN INDIA Challenges and Commitments Edited by C S Mohapatra National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Secunderabad In collaboration with Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi 2 Disability Management in India Challenges and Commitments Edited by C S Mohapatra Copyright NIMH 2004 National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Manovikasnagar, Secunderabad -500009. All rights are reserved. No part of this hook may he reproduced or utilised in any form or By any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording orby any information storage or retrieval system withoutpermission in writing from the publisher. First Published in 2004 ISBN 81 89001 14 0 Cover Design by Raffia Kumar Aleti, Secunderahad. Ph 040-27796110 Printed atSree karnana Process I3vt. ltd.,Secunderabad-500 009. Ph 040-27811 750 3 Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations Message Foreword Preface Ack nowled gen en ts Part One The Context I. Introduction 23 R ajwan I Sandhn 2. Poverty and Disability in India 38 C S Mohapatra Part Two Agenda for Future 3. Biwako Millennium Frameworkfor Action -AGuide for FUture 75 L Coz'inda Rao 4. Employment for Persons with DisabilitiesA Futuristic View 102 CS Mohapatra and Bhusan Punani Part Three Emergent Issues 5. Human Resource Development in Disability Management 135 K C Panda 6. Inclusive Education and the Common School in India 160 MM [ha 7. Accessibility Issues 172 Sundo Shigh 4 8. Information, Communication and Technology 182 AToolforEmpowerment of Persons with Disability Dhiarmendra Kuinar and Dipendra Manacha 9. Social Security for Persons with Disabilities in India 196 P Madhava Rao Part Four: Sustainable Strategies 10. EvolvingSustainable Strategies for Disability Management : 217 LocomotorDisability Ratnest,. Kuinar and A K Mukherjee 11.Evolving Sustainable Strategies for Disability Management 230 VisualDisability S R Shukiaand AK Mittal 12. Evolving Sustainable Strategies for Disability Management 245 HearingDisability R Rangasayee 13. Evolving Sustainable Strategies for Disability Management: 261 Mental Retardation L Govinda Rao and T C Sir'akumar 14. Evolving Sustainable Strategies for Disability Management : 270 Cerebral Palsy Autism, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities AlohaCuba PartFive : Public Private Partnership & Rig/its BasedParadigm 15. Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities 287 Anuradha Mohit 16.Public-Private Partnership 307 NandiniS Rawal 17. Future Challenges in Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities 313 HP S. Ahluwalia i\Toteon Contributors 319 Workshop Schedule 325 Workshop Summary 329 Names and Addresses of Works hop Participants 334 Subject Index 339 Author Index 343 S List of Tables Table 1.1 Estimated Number ofDisabledPersons by Type of 26 Disability and Sex Separately for Rural and Urban India Table 1.2 Number ofDisabledPersons per 1,00,000 Persons for 27 Each Sex and Sector Table 1.3 Number of Disabled Persons With Onset of Disability Since 28 Birth per 1000 Disabled Persons by Type off Disability for each Sex and Sector Table 1.4 Per 1000 Distribution of Physically Disabled Persons By 28 Extent of Physical Disability By Sex and Sector Table 1.5 Per 1000 Distribution of Disabled Persons of AgeS years and 29 above by Level of General Education and Sector Table 1.6 Per 1000 distribution of Disabled Persons by Activity Status 29 for each Sector. Table 1.7 Prevalence of Disabled Persons per 100,000 Persons 30 obtained from NSS 36th, 47th and 58th. rounds. Table 1.8 Number of Persons with Mental Retardation and 30 Mental Illness per 100,000 persons for each Sex and Sector. Table 1.9 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons 60 years and above with Mental 31 Retardation or Mental Illness by age at Onset of Disability. Table 2.10 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons with Blindness by cause of 31 Blindness for each Sex and Sector Table 2.11 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons 60 years and above with 32 blindness or low vision by age at Onset of Disability. Table 1.12 Number of persons with Hearing Disability per 100,000 32 persons by degree of disability for each Sex and Sector Table 1.13 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons with Hearing Disability by 33 cause Hearing Disability for each Sex and Sector 6 Table 1.14 Per1000 Distribution ofPersons60 years and above with 33 Hearing Disability by age at Onset of Disability for each Sex and Sector Table 1.15 Number of persons with Locomotor Disability per 100,000 33 persons for each Sex and Sectot Table 1.16: Per 1000 Distribution of Persons with Locomotor Disability 34 by type of disability for each Sex and Sector Table 1.17 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons with Locomotor Disability 34 by cause Locomotor Disability for each Sex and Sector Table 1.18 Per 1000 Distribution of Persons 60 years and above with 35 Locomotor Disability by age at Onset of Disability for each Sex and Sectot Table:2.1 Poverty Index 39 Table2.2 Sample Size 46 Table 2.3 Poverty and Degree of Disability in Two Broad Groups 52 Table 2.4 Poverty and Degree of Disability 52 Table 2.5 Disability fljpe and Category of Employment 55 Table 2.6 Major Economic Costs of Disability 58 Table 2.7 Plan Outlays for Disability Sector 60 Table 2.8 Year wise Plan Outlay and Expenditure for Disability 62 Sector Schemes-1997-2 002 Table.2S Year wise Proposed Plan Outlay for 63 Disability Sector Schemes-2002-07 Table 6.1 Drop Out Rates 166 Table 6.2 Disability- Diversity Discourse: A Sociological Perspective 169 Table.10.1 Prevalence Rate of Locomotor Disabilites 219 (per 100,000 population) Table 10.2 Prevalance of Disability 220 Table14.1 Co-Morbidity in Developmental Disorders 271 Table 14.2 Persons suffering from Mental Retardation, 272 CerebralPalsy, Multiple Disability Table 14.3 The Current Model of Rehabilitation -1 281 Table 14.4 The Current Model of Rehabilitation- II 282 7 List of Figures Figure: 2.1Poverty and Disability Links Model 43 Figure 2.2 Mapping Coverage Of Study 47 Figure 2.3 Poverty 48 Figure 2.4 Double BI'L Criteria 49 Figure 2.5 Rural/Urban Background 50 Figure 2.6 Poverty and Rural / Urban Background 50 Figure 2.7 Poverty and Type of Disability 50 Figure 2.8 Marital Status 51 Figure 2.9 Degree of Disability and Attendant required 53 Figure 2.10 Cause of Disability 54 Figure 2.11 Poverty and Tztpe of Disability since Birth 54 Figure 2.12 Economic loss due to disability 56 Figure 2.13 Poverty and Sources of Meeting Cost of Treatment / Care 56 Figure 3.1 Typology of Paradigm Shift 77 Figure 3.2 Graphical presentation of Rehabilitation Strategies 82 Figure 3.3 Support-led Strategies 83 Figure 3.4 Growth Mediated Strategies 84 Figure. 3.5Graphic presentation of the priority areas of Biwako 86 Millennium Framework for Action Figure 10.1 Disease Burden Projections 222 Figure 10.2 Proposed Module of Trauma Service 223 Figure 10.3 An Integrated and Multidisciplinary Approach to 226 Locomotor Disability Figure 11.1 Prevalence of Visual Disability in India 232 Figure 11.2 Incidence of Visual Disability in India 232 8 Figure 14.1 The 13 Point Management Continuum 275 Figure 14.2 Government Modules 276 Figure 14.3 Support Services 278 Figure 14.4 The Medical Model of Disability 280 Figure 14.5 The Social Model of Disability 280 9 List of Abbreviations AAC Augmentative and Alternative Communication A BR Auditory Brainstem Response ADIP Scheme for Purchase and Fitting of Aids and Appliances AICB All India Council of Blind. AICTE All India Council of Technical Education. AIIMS All India Institute for Medical Sciences AIISH All India Institute of Speech and Hearing AIPMR All India Insbtute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ALIMCO Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India AMIS Adaptive Multimedia Information System AWW Anganwadi Worker AYJ NI H H Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped BASLP Bachelor in Audiology Speech and Language Pathology BHU BanarasHindu University BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BM F Biwako Millennium Framework BOT Bachelorin Occupational Therapy BPO Bachelor in Prosthetics and Orthotics BPT Bachelor in Physiotherapy BIE Behind the Ear Hearing Aid CABE Central Advisory Board of Educabon CAl Computer Assisted Instniction CBM Christofel Blind Mission CBR Community Based Rehabilitation CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education CA I Computer Assisted Instructions CCC Central Coordination Committee CCD Chief Commissioner for Persons With Disabilities CD Compact Disc CEC Central Executive Committee CIC Completely in the Canal Hearing Aid CII Confederation of Indian Industries CRC Composite Regional Centre for Persons With Disabilities CRE Continuing Rehabilitation Education CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. DAISY Digital Accessible Information System. 10 DBT Department of liio Technology. DDRC District Disability Rehabilitation Centre DFA DAISY For All DGHS DirectorGeneral of Health Services. DIC District Industry Centre DIT Department of Information Technology DMT District Management Team. DOPE Diploma Course In Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering DOPT Department of Personnel and Training DPEP District Primary Education Programme DPEP-IED District Primary Education Programme -IntegratedEducation for the Disabled DPO Disabled Persons Organizabon. DPOE Diploma in Prosthetic and Orthotic Engineering DRC District Rehabilitation Centre DSE(MR) Diploma in Special Educabon (Mental Retardation) DST Department of Science and Technology DWCD Department of Women and Child Development. EGS Education Guarantee Scheme ENT Ear, Nose and Throat. ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries. FM Frequency Modulation G2C Government to Citizen GO Governmental Organization GOT Government of India HI Hearing Impaired. HO Head Ouarters HRD Human Resource Development IAPMR Indian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme ICEVI International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment ICF International Classification of Functioning ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research ICT Information and Communication Technology.
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