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Cannel Coal in the United States

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Cannel Coal in the United States DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 659 CANNEL COAL IN THE UNITED STATES BY GEORGE H. ASHLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Object of the report....................................................... 7 Definition...................:..........................;.....,............ 8 Classification......................................................;....... 10 Physical properties........................................................ 11 General appearance.................................................... 11 Block structure....................................................... 11 Bedding, grain, and fracture........................................... 12 Luster................................................................. 13 Streak................................................................. 13 Specific gravity................................................. '...... 13 Composition.............................................................. 14 Physical composition........................................ 1.......... 14 Chemical composition................................................. 15 Comparison with other coals....................................... 15 Analyses............................:........................._... 17 Analyses of cannel coal........................................ 17 Analyses of ash............................................... 29 Analyses of occluded gas.....................................;.. 29 Igniting point.................................:....................... 30 Origin.................................................................... 30 Mode of occurrence......................................................... 31 General features....................................................... 31 Deposit at Cannelton, Pa.............................................. 32 Deposit at Bostonia, Pa................................................. 33 Deposit at Chenoa, Ky................................................. 34 Uses..................................................................... 34 Heating.............................................................. 34 Gas making........................................................... 35 Coke making.......................................................... 41 Oil making........................................................... 41 Distillation for by-products............................................ 44 Cannel-coal mining......................................................... 50 Pennsylvania......................................................... 50 Ohio................................................................. 50 Indiana.............................................................. 50 West Virginia.......................................................... 50 Kentucky............................................................ 51 Production...........................'....._............................... 52 Value.................................................................... 54 Distribution.............................................................. 56 Pennsylvania......................................................... 56 Revival of the industry.......................................... 56 Center County..................'................................... 56 Clearfield County.................................................. 57 Indiana County.................................................... 58 3 4 CONTENTS. Distribution Continued. Pennsylvania Continued. Page. Westmoreland County............................................. 59 Armstrong County................................................. 59 Allegheny County.................................................. 62 Butler County...................................................... 62 Beaver County...................................... 1:............. 62 Ohio................o................................................. 63 Mahoning County.................................................. 63 Coshocton County ................................."............... 64 Licking County................................................... 66 Holmes County.................................................... 67 Jackson County................................................... ' 67 Scioto County..................................................... 67 Jefferson County .................................................... 67 Indiana. ............................................................. 68 Daviess County.................................................... 68 Perry County..................................................... 68 Parke County...................................................... 69 Illinois............................................................... 69 Michigan.............................................................. 69 West Virginia.......................................................... 70 Distribution of the coal.......................................\ .. 70 Preston County................................................... 70 Barbour County. .........................:...................... 71 Upshur County.................................................... 71 Braxton County.................................................... 73 Webster County...............................,..............'...... 73 Nicholas County.............:.. .................................. 73 Kanawha County.............................:......-.............. 74 Boone County...................................................... 77 Lincoln County................................ '. .................. 81 Logan County..................................................... 82 Wayne County.................................................... 82 Kentucky..................................................... 1...... 82 Production....................................................... 82 Greenup County.................................................. 83 Carter County..................................................... 84 Elliott County................................................. '.... 87 Lawrence County................................................. 87 Johnson County.............:................. v................... 87 Morgan County..................................................... 89 Magoffin County.................................................... 93 Wolfe County...................................................... 93 Pike County........................................................ 93 Floyd County.. .................................................... 94 Breathitt County................................................... 95 Jackson County.................................................... 100 Letcher County. ................................. i................ 101 Leslie County...................................................... 102 Perry County..................................................... 103 Harlan County.................................................... 104 Bell County....................................................... 108 Knox County..................................................... 109 CONTENTS. 5 Distribution Continued. Kentucky Continued. Page. Clay County.........'............................................. Ill Laurel County..................................................... Ill Whitley County................................;................... Ill Hancock County.................................................. 113 Tennessee............................................................ 113 Alabama............................................................... 114 Iowa................................................................. 114 Missouri.............................................................. 114 f Occurrence of the coal............................................ 114 Callaway County.................................................. 115 Cole County...............:...................................... 116 Cooper County................................................... 117 Crawford County................................................. 117 Jasper County...................................................... 117 Lincoln County................................................... 117 Miller County.................................................... 117 Moniteau County.................................................. 117 Morgan County................................................... 117 Saline County.................................................... 119 Arkansas.............................................................. 119 Texas................................................................ 121 Utah..............:..................... ............................. 122 Index.................................................................... 123 ILLUSTEATIONS. Page. PLATE I. Views showing block or cubical structure of cannel coal.......... 12 II. Views showing fracture of cannel coal........................... 12 III. Views showing structure of "curly" or "bird's-eye" cannel coal.. 14 IV. Cannel-coal mining, past and present............................ 34 V. Map of part of the eastern United States, showing locations of cannel-coal deposits and position
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