Chillers & Heat Pumps Based on Hc Refrigerants

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The information in this report, or upon which this report is based, has been obtained from sources the authors believe to be reliable and accurate. While reasonable eforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, shecco does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication.

This project was supported by 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

WELCOME MESSAGE BY THE PUBLISHER ...... 6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE...... 7 ABOUT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS...... 10 APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN EUROPE...... 14 CITY & BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT...... 15 INDUSTRY...... 23 SPORTS...... 25 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN: APPLICATION AREAS & END-USER VIEWS ...... 28 APPLICATION AREAS ...... 29 Food Storage & Distribution...... 29 Food Processing...... 30 Beverages: Breweries & Wineries...... 36 Fishing: Processing Plants, Vessels & Container Ships...... 37 END-USER VIEWS ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION...... 39 4 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN: MARKET & TECHNOLOGY MAPS...... 40

CO2 TRANSCRITICAL STORES IN EUROPE...... 41

CO2 CASCADE STORES IN EUROPE ...... 48

CO2 TRANSCRITICAL AND CO2/HFC STORES IN EUROPE < 2006 - 2013 ...... 54

HC PLUG-IN AND INDIRECT NH3 AND HC SUPERMARKETS IN EUROPE...... 56

CO2 AND HC LIGHT-COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION IN EUROPE ...... 60 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN STORES AROUND THE WORLD...... 63 THE EUROPEAN MARKET TODAY & TOMORROW...... 70 NATURAL REFRIGERANT SUPPLIER MAP ...... 71 NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY - COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY 2013-2025...... 73 POLICY ...... 74 EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES...... 75 Natural Refrigerants, Vision & Enforceability...... 75 MAC Directive & F-Gas Regulation Review...... 76 HCFC Phase-out, Ecodesign & Ecolabel...... 80 NATIONAL POLICIES...... 83 CASE STUDIES ...... 85 ADVANSOR ...... 86 ALFA LAVAL ...... 88 CARRIER ...... 90 DANFOSS ...... 92 DSI ...... 94 DANISH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE ...... 96 EMERSON, GREEN & COOL ...... 98 GEA...... 100 JOHNSON CONTROLS ...... 102 MAYEKAWA ...... 104 SINTEF ...... 106 EUROPEAN INDUSTRY SURVEY...... 108 RESPONDENTS PROFILE...... 109 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS USE & GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS...... 113 USE OF REFRIGERANTS PER APPLICATION ...... 114 CURRENT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS PRODUCTS & SERVICES...... 115 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS STAFF TODAY AND BY 2020...... 117 5 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS R&D ACTIVITIES TODAY AND BY 2020...... 118 PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR HVAC&R TECHNOLOGY & WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR NATURAL REFRIGERANTS...... 120 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES...... 121 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: OUTLOOK 2020 BY APPLICATION ...... 122 EUROPEAN NATURAL REFRIGERANT BUSINESS DIRECTORY...... 127 SUPPORTERS DIRECTORY...... 128 DIRECTORY...... 131 REFERENCES...... 180 ABOUT THE AUTHORS...... 192 WELCOME MESSAGE BY THE PUBLISHER

SO WHY A 2ND EDITION FOR GUIDE EUROPE?

Europe is market leader for natural refrigerant where natural refrigerants will come next. Our based HVAC&R technologies and things are mov- industry survey is full of exciting insights that can ing fast. It’s been two years since we launched our help you to plan better for the coming years. first GUIDE Europe and we felt that it was time to provide an update. In all nearly 200 pages of valuable information about this fast growing trend. MARC CHASSEROT You will see some exciting data including super- Happy Reading Publisher / markets (including, CO2 transcritical, cascades Managing Director of shecco and plug-in units for hydrocarbons) as well as a supplier map and directory with over 400 companies working with natural refrigerants. You will 6 see case studies of these technologies being implemented as well as “market expectations” of ABOUT THIS GUIDE

A SHORT OVERVIEW

At least 420 companies are currently active in pro- European heating, refrigeration and air condition- viding natural refrigerant-based solutions, prod- ing experts exclusively for this GUIDE, products ucts and services, across Europe. This is a strongly and services to replace HFCs or HCFCs have be- conservative estimation and the starting point for come mainstream solutions in some areas while the most comprehensive specialised business direc- moving quickly forward to take this role within the tory currently available - a listing that concludes next decade. The role of natural refrigerant solu- this “GUIDE 2014: Natural Refrigerants - Continued tions in terms of an organisation’s products and Growth and Innovation in Europe”. services ofered, staf numbers involved, research & development activities dedicated, and new geo- The growing number of organisations involved in graphic markets opened, is expected to signif- NINA MASSON driving the market for technology free of fuori- cantly grow in importance over the following years nated gases also testifes to the leadership role - up from solid levels already today among those Lead Author / Head of Market Research of Europe has taken in the adoption of natural refrig- early adopters acknowledging the commercial and shecco erants. This GUIDE, as a completely updated ver- other benefts of natural refrigerant solutions. sion to the very frst in the GUIDE publication se- More importantly, both respondents using and not ries launched in 2011, has as its ultimate objective yet using natural refrigerants believe that new ap- 7 to track dynamic market developments over the plications are on the horizon for HFC-free solu- last two years, such as visualising the fast-growing tions, such as in Mobile Air Conditioning or trans- evolution of food retail stores using carbon dioxide port refrigeration. as a refrigerant in their refrigeration systems, or the likely emergence of HFC-free solutions in sectors Chapter 1 - About Natural Refrigerants - briefy not yet among the mainstream markets. summarises the characteristics of the “natural fve” ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, water, It also comes at a point in time when proposed and air. All substances have distinct characteristics European-level rules on the restricted or banned that make them viable options for a wide applica- use of f-gases are expected to take efect this year. tion range. The chapter talks about the most com- They will determine the direction that HVAC&R sys- monly used natural working fuids and their chemi- tem and component suppliers, contractors and cal, physical, technical and environmental proper- training institutes, but more importantly commer- ties, as well as existing challenges. cial and industrial end-users, will be taking in their refrigerant choice until 2020 and beyond. Chapter 2 - Applications of Natural Refrigerants in Europe - depicts their use in three “ecosystems”: And solutions are already there. According to an City, Buildings & Transport; Industry; and Sports. industry survey conducted by shecco among 376 The purpose of the “ecosystems” is to highlight the variety of examples of natural refrigerant products CO2 transcritical supermarkets within two years. ity for a variety of sectors across the European Un- and technologies in Europe, especially over the last For the frst time, a new map provides fgures on ion, between today and 2025. two years (2011-2013). Real-life cases in public & the European market with CO2 cascade systems. In commercial buildings, private residential housing a 2nd section on other natural refrigerant solutions Chapter 6 - Policy - describes how laws, standards district heating and cooling, data centres, buses, in stores and in light-commercial applications, new and rules are among the decisive factors for build- trucks, trains, and passenger (electric) vehicles are market maps visualise that a growing number of ing a prosperous business around natural refriger- highlighted. Adoption in the chemical, petrochemi- retailers rely on central ammonia and hydrocarbon ants within a framework of investment security cal, pharmaceutical or agricultural sectors are men- systems. More than 480,000 hydrocarbon plug-in and joint leadership. This chapter provides an tioned, as well as the use of natural refrigerants in supermarket cabinets in operation prove that analysis of selected policy initiatives in Europe, large sports venues. other natural solutions are ready for the market. among them the new proposed changes to the F- With consumer good brands committed to environ- Gas Regulation, that have an impact on the Chapter 3 - Natural Refrigerants in the Euro- mental stewardship, the number of CO2 and HC HVAC&R industry in general and the uptake of pean Food Chain / Application Areas & End- freezers and coolers is growing in Europe. A 3rd sec- natural refrigerants in particular. A next section dis- User Views - is this GUIDE’s focus section dedi- tion depicts that while Europe still leads in the cusses best practice policy initiatives at the na- cated to a 4th ecosystem that has shown highly dy- adoption of CO2 refrigeration technology in super- tional level in selected European countries, and namic developments in the last years. Graphics de- markets, other world regions are gaining momen- provides an example of one national regulation 8 pict the use of HFC-free systems from “feld to fork”, tum. A world map shows where more than 5,000 restricting the use of natural refrigerants. throughout the whole food chain, to show their stores using CO2 transcritical and cascade/ application throughout food sourcing, production secondary refrigeration systems are located. Chapter 7 - Case Studies - presents a selection of & processing, transport, food retail and restaurants. outstanding real-life cases, covering commercial The chapter concludes with public statements Chapter 5 - The European Market Today & To- and industrial heating, air-conditioning and refrig- from leading food retailers and consumer goods morrow - visualises for the frst time in a “Natural eration solutions. Such examples of successfully brands on natural refrigerants in light-commercial Refrigerant Suppliers Map” in which countries the working technologies are the strongest arguments refrigeration, as well as commercial refrigeration over 400 system manufacturers, component suppli- for spreading innovative solutions, engaging legis- generally, in warm climates and in convenience ers, contractors, consultancies and engineering lators and convincing end-users. Examples cover stores. businesses ofering natural refrigeration solutions cases from suppliers based and/or active in are headquartered. A 2nd section investigates the Europe. Chapter 4 - Natural Refrigerants in the Euro- commercial availability of natural refrigerant solu- pean Food Chain / Market & Technology Maps - tions in the following decade. To provide suppliers, Chapter 8 - European Industry Survey - summa- examines and depicts frst the market for commer- end-users and policy-makers with an indication rises the results from 367 HVAC&R industry experts cial CO2 transcritical refrigeration systems, a mar- about the commercial availability of refrigeration responding to an open survey running until No- ket that is quickly gaining further momentum in and air-conditioning equipment using natural re- vember 2013. After a summary of respondents pro- Europe. shecco’s completely updated supermarket frigerants, a table indicates their production capac- fles, the chapter presents fndings in three sec- map shows an increase of 117% in the number of tions: 1) Current refrigerant use, share of products & geographic markets: This frst section provides tem manufacturers, component suppliers, contrac- an overview of refrigerant use by application sectors & installers, as well as marketing and consult- tor and response group. It highlights current leading frms in the sector in European countries. ing European markets for NR, the present share of products & services from an organisation’s total In a nutshell, this GUIDE summarises state-of-the HVAC&R activities, and the expected change in art technology, captures industry’s and end-users’ such activities in the next 7 years. 2) Staf and R&D, views, tracks market trends in the period 2011- purchasing factors & willingness-to-pay: This sec- 2013, and highlights areas of use potential today tion investigates the percentage of staf involved and by 2020. It puts forth evidence that “Contin- in NR-related activities, as well as the share of R&D ued Growth and Innovation in Europe” can solidify activities dedicated to natural refrigerants cur- the region’s world-leading position in many sectors rently and by 2020. Moreover, drivers for NR- using natural refrigerants, but it also unveils that related R&D and priority partners for such activities even stronger commitment is needed to overcome are identifed. End-users’ general purchasing crite- remaining challenges. ria and their willingness to pay for NR technology are evaluated. 3) Outlook 2020: Natural refrigerant By informing end-users, suppliers and legislators 9 applications in Europe: The fnal section explores about today’s and future market realities it is respondents’ plans to provide new natural refriger- hoped that this GUIDE can facilitate this important ant products and services in the next 7 years. The process. expected total market share of NR solutions across Europe in 2020, by refrigerant and application, is shown.

The “GUIDE 2014: Natural Refrigerants - Continued Growth and Innovation in Europe” concludes with a European Natural Refrigerant Business Direc- tory, presented in two parts: frstly, a directory listing the supporters for this GUIDE edition; and sec- ondly a directory of other European-based companies involved in the natural refrigerants business. Sorted by country, the directory indicates the type of activities, main HVAC&R industry sectors covered, as well as the natural refrigerants used in products and services. It lists and categorises sys- ABOUT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS 10

As a general diferentiation, “natural refrigerants” tics that make them viable options for a wide appli- cal and environmental properties, as well as exist- are substances that exist naturally in the environ- cation range today and tomorrow. The following ing challenges, shall serve as a brief introduction. ment, while ”non-natural refrigerants” or “synthetic section about the most commonly used natural refrigerants” are man-made chemicals, not natu- working fuids and their chemical, physical, techni- rally occurring in the environment.

The following section provides a short overview of the “Natural Five”. Air, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and water have distinct characteris- ABOUT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS AN OVERVIEW In addition to their wide availability, their non- ter (POE) and poly vinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, and toxicity, non-fammability, and their unbeatable it only has limited applications with poly alkylene As a general diferentiation, “natural refrigerants” environmental credentials have, once again, glycol (PAG) lubricants. It is generally regarded as a are substances that exist naturally in the environ- shifted water and air into the focus of R&D activi- cheap and easily available refrigerant. ment, while ”non-natural refrigerants” or “synthetic ties. Natural refrigerants no longer in use are sul- refrigerants” are man-made chemicals, not natu- phur dioxide (SO2) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl). AMMONIA (ODP= 0; GWP= 0) rally occurring in the environment. The precision of the term “natural refrigerants” is sometimes de- CARBON DIOXIDE (ODP= 0; GWP= 1) Ammonia (chemical symbol NH3, refriger- bated, given that, to be used as refrigerants, ammo- ant designation R717) is a colourless gas at nia, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons also un- Carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2, re- atmospheric pressure. With zero ozone- dergo an industrial purifcation and manufacturing frigerant designation R744) is colourless, depletion and global warming potential, as well as process. odourless, and heavier than air. With a a short atmospheric lifetime, it does not form any Global Warming Potential (GWP) = 1, CO2 is the by-products or decomposition products with nega- However, today there is a well-established distinc- reference value for comparing a refrigerant’s direct tive environmental impact. It is compatible with tion between substances whose chemical proper- impact on global warming. some, but not all, commonly used refrigeration sys- ties and safety aspects have been studied in their tem lubricants. In particular, it is not suited for use entirety, and those fuorinated gases which, given Carbon dioxide carries an A1 safety classifcation with polyol ester (POE) and poly vinyl ether (PVE) their chemical complexity and comparatively short (the same as most fuorocarbon refrigerants), indi- lubricants, and it only has limited applications with period of usage, have confrmed and/or have un- cating that it has low toxicity and is nonfammable. poly alkylene glycol (PA G) lubricants. 11 known negative efects on ozone depletion, global CO2 as a refrigerant is sourced as a by-product warming and ecological safety, and therefore, are from a number of production methods. Although Despite its undisputed energy efciency benefts, subject to continued debate. it is nontoxic, if enough carbon dioxide builds up in the use of ammonia is restricted in certain applica- an enclosed space, it will begin to displace oxygen. tions and geographic regions, due to its toxicity The most commonly used natural refrigerants to- Over a certain period of time, this can cause as- and fammability. As a result, R717 is efectively pro- day are ammonia (NH3, R717), carbon dioxide (CO2, phyxiation of those present. With a long atmos- hibited from use inside occupied spaces but can R744), and hydrocarbons (HCs), such as propane pheric lifetime, CO2 does not lead to any by- be used in unoccupied areas or outside. (R290), iso-butane (R600a), and propylene, also product formation or decay products with serious know as propene (R1270). environmental impact. However, many advances have been made in recent years to minimise risks for human health, par- Mixtures of ammonia and dimethyl ether (R723) When used as a refrigerant, carbon dioxide typi- ticularly for ammonia installations in populated have been developed, as well as various hydrocar- cally operates at a higher pressure than fuorocar- areas. These advances include using ammonia in bon blends with optimised performance and bons and other refrigerants. While this presents conjunction with other refrigerants, such as in sec- safety properties (isobutane/ propane; R441 etc.). some design challenges, it can be overcome in sys- ondary systems, in order to reduce and isolate an Water and air are also used, to a lesser extent, for tems designed specifcally to use carbon dioxide. ammonia charge, using advanced safety equip- example in adsorption chillers and deep-freezing Carbon dioxide is compatible with some, but not ment, deploying containment casings, or using am- applications. all, commonly used refrigeration system lubricants. monia absorption systems. In particular, it is not suited for use with polyol es- It is important to note that ammonia has a strong ception to this rule is lubricants containing silicone An obvious limitation is the high freezing rate at odour, making leaks easy to detect. The additional and silicate (additives which are commonly used as atmospheric pressure. Water leads to corrosion and safety equipment required will obviously increase antifoaming agents). oxidation of many metals. Water is more reactive costs; however, manufacturers claim that opera- than other refrigerants and choosing the right ma- tional energy and maintenance savings potentially WATER (ODP= 0; GWP= 0) terials for the R718 system during the design phase outweigh the higher initial outlay in the long run. requires special attention.

Water (chemical symbol H2O, refrigerant HYDROCARBONS (ODP= 0; GWP< 4) designation R718) is one of the oldest re- AIR (ODP= 0; GWP= 0) frigerants used for refrigeration applica- With zero ozone-depleting characteristics tions. Also known as dihydrogen monoxide, water Air (refrigerant designation R729) is a re- and an ultra-low global warming impact, or water vapour is one of the Earth’s most abun- frigerant that is environmentally benign, the group of hydrocarbons (HCs) does not dant elements. Water has been extensively used as cheap, totally safe, and nontoxic. Environ- form any by-products or decomposition products a process fuid (distillation, drying processes), as a mental concerns about ozone depletion, global in the atmosphere. heat transfer or energy storage medium (central warming, and increasingly stringent legislation heating, system cooling, ice storage systems) and have renewed the interest in alternative refrigera- HC refrigerants can be applied either in systems as a working fuid in the Rankine power generation tion technology globally. However, the use of air designed specifcally for their use, or as replace- cycle. R718 is an environmentally safe refrigerant cycle refrigeration systems is not new. It was used ments in a system designed for a fuorocarbon re- with zero ozone depletion potential and zero on refrigerated cargo ships around the turn of the frigerant. global warming potential. It is odourless, colour- last century. less, nontoxic, non-fammable, non-explosive, eas- This makes them a cost-competitive solution, and ily available, and it is the cheapest refrigerant. Air cycle refrigeration works on the reverse Brayton 12 optimal for developing countries. If a hydrocarbon or Joule cycle. Air as a refrigerant does not un- refrigerant is to be used in a system designed for a In refrigeration applications, water requires state- dergo phase change (condensation/evaporation) diferent refrigerant, it should be noted that modif- of-the-art technology. Its use as a refrigerant has at the temperature levels encountered in conven- cations are probably be required to ensure com- been mostly limited to compression chillers with tional refrigeration applications. The COP value of patibility. Lubricant compatibility and the issues steam injection compressors, absorption systems air is low because of its light weight, but air cycle associated with hydrocarbons' fammability have built around a binary fuid comprised of lithium cooling systems can provide relatively high tem- to be addressed. However, the greatest potential bromide as the absorbent, and adsorption systems perature heat recovery without the efciency set for hydrocarbon refrigerants lies in new systems. using water as the refrigerant and the mineral zeo- back experienced by vapour compression systems. lite as the adsorber. Air cycle units, compared to vapour-compression Hydrocarbon refrigerants are fammable and, as a units, can also produce a much higher temperature result, carry an A3 safety classifcation, which From an environmental and thermodynamic point diference between the hot and cold sides. As a means they have a low toxicity but are in the of view, water is an ideal refrigerant for applica- result, very cold air can be produced for near- higher range of fammability. HCs are often subject tions above 0°C. R718 has a higher latent heat of cryogenic processes. The performance of an air cy- to stricter safety requirements concerning the evaporation (2,270kJ/ kg) than other natural refrig- cle unit does not deteriorate as much as that of a quantities permitted in occupied spaces. erants. R718 absorbs signifcantly larger amounts vapour-compression unit when operating away of energy, in the form of heat, during a change of from its design point. Hydrocarbon refrigerants are fully compatible with phase from liquid to gas, without a change in tem- almost all lubricants commonly used in refrigera- perature. When operating in a refrigeration cycle, an air cycle tion and air conditioning systems. One major ex- unit can also produce heat at a useful temperature. Air has been used commercially for aircraft cooling for a long time. In spite of the low COP, air is used because of the specifc operating conditions of aircraft (e.g., availability of compressed air and ram efect) and stringent specifcations (e.g., low weight, small size, absolute safety, zero toxicity, etc.). Air has also been used as a refrigerant for residential and automobile air conditioning and cooling. In some refrigeration plants, air is used in the quick freezing of food products.

NORMAL CRITICAL REFRIGERANT CHEMICAL GWP (100 CRITICAL SAFETY MOLECULAR REFRIGERANT ODP BOILING POINT PRESSURE NUMBER FORMULA YEARS) TEMPERATURE (°C) GROUP WEIGHT (G/MOL) (°C) (BAR)

Ammonia R717 NH3 0 0 -33.3 132.4 114.2 B2 17.03 13

Carbon dioxide R744 CO2 1 0 -78 31.4 73.8 A1 44.0

Propane R290 C3H8 3.3 0 -42.1 96.7 42.5 A3 44.10

Isobutane R600a C4H10 4 0 -11.8 134.7 36.48 A3 58.12

Propylene R1270 C3H6 1.8 0 -48 91 46.1 A3 42.08

Water R718 H2O 0 0 100 373.9 217.7 A1 18.0

Air R729 - 0 0 -192.97 - - - 28.97 APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN EUROPE

AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH

CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT INDUSTRY SPORTS

Natural refrigerants can be used in a variety of ap- For industrial processes in the chemical, petro- Today, the natural refrigerants ammonia and CO2 plications in public & commercial buildings, private chemical, pharmaceutical and construction sec- are already used in the construction of ice rinks, ski residential housing, district heating & cooling and tors, as well as in agriculture, natural refrigerant- slopes, and swimming stadiums in many European data centres. In the European public transport sec- based systems are more and more used to provide countries. This chapter highlights the main applica- tor, natural refrigerants are also used in buses, efective and stable cooling and heating solutions. tions of natural refrigerants in large sport facilities trucks, trains, electric vehicles & fuel stations. The in Europe. section provides an overview of latest developments in both areas.

PAGE 15 PAGE 23 PAGE 25 CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT INTRODUCTION CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT denser cooling, which eliminated the need for any additional remote coils. The complete system now Following the 1st edition of the GUIDE Europe pub- PUBLIC & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS: operates on natural refrigerants, with the ammonia system providing the condenser cooling and the lished in 2012, this chapter provides updated infor- AIRPORTS, OFFICE & GOVERNMENT mation on installations and successful applications CO2 system providing the critical cooling via the BUILDINGS, HOSPITALS, UNIVERSITIES, of natural refrigerants in Europe today. For previ- evaporators. Harrods store in Knightsbridge in Lon- ous case studies, please refer to the “GUIDE 2012: LABORATORIES, HOTELS, SHOPPING don, installed a new refrigeration system using CO2 Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for Europe.”1 MALLS & MARKETS as refrigerant. This is one of the frst installations in a store in London that aims to transition to a totally environmentally friendly refrigeration system by The purpose of the “ecosystems” is to highlight the CO2: With a high demand for hot water, O’Dono- not using synthetic gases used for the last 100 current development of a variety of examples of van’s Hotel in Clonakilty town, West Cork, Ireland, years. To date, the Pan Chai, Mango Tree and the natural refrigerant products and technologies in installed a 25kW CO2 heat pump. The CO2 heat brand new Georgian Restaurant in London have all Europe. The examples mentioned aim to provide pump can operate at a seasonal performance fac- chosen to use CO2 refrigeration. insights into the experiences of a range of Euro- tor of 3.2 when generating hot water at 75°C in am- pean manufacturers, suppliers and contractors, as bient conditions of 9.4°C air temperature and 10°C A large furniture store located in Haparanda/ well as end users that drive the adoption of natural water inlet temperature. The Cúil Dídin Residential Tornio, on the border between Sweden and Fin- refrigerant-based technology. The cases high- and Nursing Care Facility in Ireland also opted for a land in northern Scandinavia, has utilised a CO2 lighted also allow for a deeper analysis of the difer- CO2 heat pump to ensure a more energy efcient refrigeration system for its reftted bistro shop. The 15 ent business models currently used in various in- and secure hot water supply. The new CO2 heat refrigeration supplies two glass door freezers, a dustrial sectors in Europe: pump is capable of producing 2,500 litres of hot freezer gondola, a refrigerated gondola and six- water per night at 90°C. Overall, cost savings are shelf refrigerated cabinets. • FOOD CHAIN: Food & beverage storage, dis- around 70-80%. tribution, production & processing, food transport refrigeration and food retail The recently renovated Café Royal in London in- NH3: The Directorate for Public Construction and Property in Norway (Statsbygg) installed several • INDUSTRY: Industry processing, construction stalled a CO2 refrigeration system, making this ammonia heat pumps because ammonia is an envi- and agriculture iconic hotel the frst to use a CO2 refrigeration system in London. The CO2 system is used to cover ronmentally friendly working fuid with excellent • SPORTS: Ice rinks, ski slopes, and swimming the refrigeration demand for both coldrooms and thermophysical properties. A 900 kW ammonia stadiums kitchen refrigeration, which provides complete heat pump system for space heating, space cool- • CITY, BUILDING & TRANSPORT: Public & fexibility in terms of delivered temperature and is ing and hot water heating was installed at the Sta- commercial buildings, data centres, district heat- also highly efcient with the capability of provid- toilHydro Research Centre in Trondheim, Norway. ing & cooling, private residential housing, and ing 100% heat recovery. A CO2 refrigeration system The heating and cooling demands at design condi- transport facilities was also installed to provide the on-site catering refrigeration requirements for patients and hospi- The GUIDE Europe 2014 has dedicated an entire tal staf at the Homerton University Hospital in Lon- 1 Please download the GUIDE 2012: Natural Refrigerants - focus section to the Food Chain, following this don. This CO2 system takes advantage of the exist- Market Growth for Europe” at chapter about various applications in Europe. ing 2 x 500 kW ammonia chillers to supply the con- http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/23 tions for the 28,000 m2 building are 1.50 and 1.35 generation CHP plant has cut carbon emissions by for environmentally sound server-cooling solutions MW, respectively. Sea water from 60 metres depth 29% compared to traditional energy services. The such as CO2, H2O and hydrocarbons cooling. is used as a heat source. A large ammonia chiller sustainable redevelopment of the German Parlia- and heat pump system (CHPS) were installed at ment building provides an example of how absorp- CO2: A CO2 cooling system extension was in- Oslo Airport Gardermoen, Norway. The maximum tion chillers can contribute to sustainable architec- stalled in the ICT Data Centre on Level 4 of the Me- heating and cooling capacity of the CHPS is 7.5 ture projects. The Reichstag building’s incorpora- chanical Engineering Building of Imperial College MW and 6.0 MW, respectively, and the system util- tion of solar panels, combined heat and power London in the UK. The provision of additional high ises the vast groundwater aquifer in the area as a units that run on biodiesel, a waste heat reservoir density cooling has allowed ICT to increase the ca- thermal energy storage. and absorption chillers has resulted in a 94% reduc- pacity for the central High Performance Comput- tion in carbon dioxide emissions. At IBM Zurich ing (HPC) installation in the Data Centre. This CO2 In Switzerland, Energieverbund Schlieren Research Laboratory, an adsorption chiller was cooling system is more efcient than conventional (Schlieren energy consortium) in Zurich installed used in a high-concentration PV thermal (HCPVT) cooling; therefore, a higher density of computing two large ammonia heat pumps, which is one of system to provide cooling. In Corsica, an absorp- equipment can be installed in the same area with the largest projects of its kind in Europe. In the Mül- tion chiller was installed to provide cooling for the other cooling systems. The use of this centralised ligen letter sorting centre and Rietbach central en- Casino store in Corte. The absorption chiller has CO2 cooling permits high density computing that ergy installation, ammonia heat pumps with a heat- reduced emissions by 240 CO2 eq. for the casino. is space saving, energy efcient and meets the ing capacity of around 5.5 MW each are used. By An 18 kW solar heating and cooling system featur- need for short connectivity distances between using ammonia as refrigerant, it is possible to ing an absorption chiller was installed in a research computer systems within the HPC cluster. This achieve the necessary high fow temperatures of centre in Italy to replace an old air conditioning achieves very high bandwidth connectivity, which around 80°C. The energy consortium can produce system. in turn boosts overall system performance. annual savings of around 48,700 megawatt hours worth of fossil fuels, corresponding to a reduction : At a Prodega Cash & Carry market run 16 CO2/H2O H2O: In the iDataCool project, jointly developed of 8,100 tonnes in carbon emissions per year. by transGourmet Schweiz AG in Switzerland, an by the University of Regensburg and the IBM Re- adsorption chiller that is integrated into the overall search and Development Lab Böblingen, an inno- Eight 650 kW water-cooled water chillers us- HC: design allows for the conversion of waste heat vative adsorption chiller driven by waste heat was ing hydrocarbon refrigerant R290 were installed at from the transcritical CO2 system into useful en- installed in the computing centre of Regensburg the Co-operative Group’s new headquarters in ergy for cooling. Such use of adsorption cooling University, Germany. Manchester, the largest ever propane chiller pro- leads to an improvement in the overall electrical ject in a commercial building in the UK. The build- energy consumption by approximately 5%. HC: A cooling unit using propane was installed in ing has achieved the highest BREEAM rating, re- the Lübbecke public utilities in Germany. The R290 ceiving the ‘Outstanding’ accreditation for a large, DATA CENTRE system supplies the cooling demand for the build- commercial building in the UK. ing air-conditioning and for the server room cool- Cooling of data centres is estimated to have an an- ing. The R290 unit helps reduce operating costs At Salford Quays in Manchester, UK, the Me- H2O: nual electricity cost of €2.7 billion worldwide. The and, in light of current discussions about a possible diaCityUK project that features a combined heat intense heat loads produced by computer blade ban on certain HFC refrigerants, guarantees a high and power unit (CHP) in conjunction with an ab- servers require cooling to maintain optimal operat- level of investment security. sorption chiller to provide electricity, heat and cooling temperatures. Their large power consumption, ing, has recently won the award for ‘Sustainability combined with rising costs of energy and the drive and Environmental Impact’ at the British Institute to be green, are resulting in ever-greater demand of Facilities Management (BIFM). The tri- 17 CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT

CITY & BUILDINGS

18 CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT

19 DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING from the Abwasserreinigungsanlage Rheinfelden system, covering 98% of Copenhagen. The new (ARA – Rheinfelden sewage plant) as the heat project of 15 MW capacity is expected to save source. 14,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. Copenha- NH3: Ammonia heat pumps represent an energy gen's district cooling system reduces carbon emis- efcient alternative for district heating and cooling Heat pumps using CO2 as the working fuid sions by nearly 70% and electricity consumption systems. Several hundred ammonia heat pumps CO2: by 80% compared to conventional cooling. have been installed in Norway since the early are ideal for use in situations where there is a small 1990s. Most installations are in larger buildings temperature diference on the cold side and a (200 kW to 2 MW) and in district heating and cool- large temperature diference on the warm side. In PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL HOUSING: ing systems (700 kW to 8 MW). In the world’s larg- Denmark, CO2 compressor heat pumps were in- REFRIGERATOR, HOT WATER & AIR est district-wide natural heat pump system in stalled in Frederikshavn and Marstal for district CONDITIONING Drammen Fjord near Oslo, Norway, an ammonia heating. At Frederikshavn, 1 MWth CO2 heat pump (16 units) at the town's waste water treatment heat pump is used to provide over 13 MW of heat CO2: CO2 heat pumps have been successfully used plant uses 2 GWh a year to extract 4 GWh of heat for a community of 60,000 people. The system for domestic water heating (DWH) mainly in Japan. passed its efciency trials in December 2012, and it from the waste water. It produces 6 GWh of heat Today, CO2 heat pumps have a 98% share in the for the district heating supply. The German munici- will now supply hot water through underground domestic water heater sales market in Japan. This pality Lauterecken installed a new district heating pipes for heating several thousand homes and busi- year brought a new development to this environ- system working with a new high temperature CO2 nesses. In the past, heat pumps were often limited mentally friendly technology in Europe: the frst to producing water temperatures of 60 °C. heat pump. The project qualifes as investment in combi-type CO2 heat pump for residential space sustainable infrastructure and is, therefore, eligible heating and domestic hot water production with a to subsidies from the German government stimu- At Glasgow University in the UK, ammonia heat COP of 3.64 was introduced to the European mar- lus package II. The CO2 heat pump covers 77% of pumps are used to meet the University’s heating ket. Today, already 16 manufacturers ofer R744 20 the heating needs and saves 53 tonnes of carbon needs. The ammonia heat pump delivers 14 MW of heat pumps for varying applications in Europe. emissions per year. heat at over 90°C and saves 15% in terms of energy Based on the Japanese EcoCute technology, some consumption. In recent years, high temperature manufacturers have re-engineered CO2 heat heat pumps for various applications that can ex- H2O: In the Mediterranean city of Montpellier, pumps to suit European conditions in terms of hot tract heat from a wide variety of sources and pro- France, a district solar cooling project with an ab- water temperature, water storage volume, control duce hot water up to 90°C are more and more sorption chiller was built in 2012 for the Arche Jac- logic and installation (indoor vs. outdoor). widely used in Europe. ques Coeur building, which includes 11.000 m2 of ofce space, 170 residences and 3000 m2 of com- Some 130 CO2 heat pump units have been in- A 2 MW ammonia heat pump was used by the en- mercial space. The solar cooling and absorption stalled at a pioneering housing project in Dublin, ergy provider Bio Varma Sarpsborg AS in Norway chiller installation is estimated to reduce CO2 emis- Ireland, to provide low cost, low carbon heating to heat water up to 82˚C for the municipal district sions by 40 tonnes per year, the equivalent of 25 and hot water for the social housing apartments. heating network. In Switzerland, an ammonia heat cars driving 10,000 km per year. The CO2 units can deliver hot water up to 65°C. The pump system was installed in the Swiss town use of CO2 heat pumps enables that the project Rheinfelden to supply hot water for more than An absorption chiller integrated into a district cool- meet the building regulation requirements pertain- 1,000 residential dwellings in Augarten and Weiher- ing network in Denmark uses surplus heat from ing to the use of energy (Part L of the Building feld, as well as a nearby commercial estate. The sys- the district heating network during the summer Regulations covering the Conservation of Fuel and tem consists of two ammonia heat pumps with an months to provide close to 3.5 MW of cooling en- Energy in Dwellings). The Tveita housing coopera- output of 1,250 kW each. It achieves even greater ergy for the city of Copenhagen. The new cooling tive in Norway installed three 100 kW heat pumps energy efciency by using treated wastewater network complements the city’s existing heating in three 13-storey buildings for domestic hot water. 21

www.r744.com/companies/view/sanden www.sanden-europe.fr/en/ These heat pumps can raise the temperature from thanks, in part, to advances made in stationary ap- In 2012, fuel company OKQ8 installed a compact around 8°C to 70°C in a single stage. The company plications such as light commercial refrigeration. A CO2 refrigeration unit at its frst sustainable flling won the Varmepumpeprisen 2013 (heat pump heat pump system using CO2 for a car’s thermal station outside Stockholm, Sweden. The refrigera- prize) for its use of eco-friendly CO2 units. management system has been optimised for bat- tors, freezers and fast food fridges of the flling sta- tery electric vehicles. The CO2 compressor with a tion’s shop are all kept cool with CO2. The waste HC: Worldwide, over 50 million domestic refrigera- gas cooler in the heating / cooling unit with a heat- heat from the shop’s cooling equipment is used for tors each year are produced with R600a. R600a is ing power of 3.2kW at -7°C ambient temperature heating the air in the station’s carwash. The overall the standard refrigerant in European domestic re- achieved a COP of about 3.0. energy consumption at the fuel station in the city frigerators and freezers today. Increased energy Häggvik is expected to be 50% lower than that of a efciency and the use of R600a refrigerant have The Berlin Public Transport Company (BVG), the conventional flling station. drastically reduced the climate impact of house- Jena Local Transport Limited Company (JeNah), hold refrigerators, due to the mitigation of direct the Niederrheinische Transport Company Corpora- HC: Hydrocarbon refrigerants have been used in tion (NIAG) and four other public transport compa- (refrigerant) and indirect (CO2 associated with elec- millions of vehicles since around 1993, particularly tricity consumption) GHG emissions. HCs, particu- nies in Germany are already using CO2 (R744) in in the USA and Australia, and there have been no larly R290, are used in Europe for small (domestic) some of their bus air conditioners. A total of seven documented reports of fres arising from the opera- heat pumps. public transport companies in Germany and Lux- tion of hydrocarbon refrigerants in existing sys- embourg have equipped a feet of 22 buses with tems. Hydrocarbons and liquid CO2 are under lim- TRANSPORT: BUSES, TRUCKS, TRAINS, CO2 MAC systems. The German NIAG Group has ited use or are being explored for use in road vehi- equipped three new buses with mobile air condi- ELECTRIC VEHICLES & FUEL STATIONS cles. tioning units that use CO2 as a refrigerant. The new systems help to save two thirds of the service costs CO2: Following uncertainties brought about in the for systems using conventional refrigerants. Ger- 22 last two years about the safety of an alternative many’s main train operator Deutsche Bahn (DB) synthetic refrigerant complying with the European has installed a CO2 mobile air-conditioning unit in “MAC Directive”, CO2 air conditioning in cars is one of their diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains oper- again considered by automotive manufacturers as ated by the DB subsidiary Westfrankenbahn. In a European or even global solution in mobile air Europe, CO2 refrigeration technology using CO2 conditioning (MAC) in passenger cars. CO2-based recovered from recycled waste for refrigeration in systems outperform current systems in over 95% trucks is increasingly applied. The system provides of driving conditions worldwide. Extensive analysis cooling with reduced environmental impact and is showed that a vehicle running with CO2 air condi- being chosen for transport refrigeration. At the tioning in Athens, Greece, compared to another same time, infrastructure for the technology has vehicle using HFC-134a, can save up to 26% of ad- expanded. The frst commercial CO2 flling station ditional fuel consumption. Calculations performed was opened in Munich-Garching in June 2012. Re- a few years ago for Bombay, India, and Shanghai, tailer Spar in the Netherlands has already con- China, showed that CO2 can save up to 28% and verted 100% of its feet to a CO2 refrigeration sys- 26% on fuel consumption respectively. tem, achieving a 27% lower logistic carbon footprint and a total of 13% lower logistic costs per The technology for CO2 compressors for mobile air year. For earlier applications, please refer to the GUIDE 2012: conditioning, although not currently commercial- Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for Europe” at ised, have been further developed and refned http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/23

INDUSTRY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING the largest natural gas producer in the Netherlands AGRICULTURE adopted a new refrigeration unit with R290 as a refrigerant and a cooling capacity of 2 x 2110 kW NH3: For cooling industrial processes, such as in NH3: In the Netherlands, in a 15.000 m2 green- to replace its old R22 units. The system consists of the chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical house of Maurice van der Hoorn, a Dutch Phalae- two R290 compressor skids, 2 chiller packages and sectors, ammonia refrigeration systems are used to nopsis (Orchid) grower, an ammonia heat pump 2 condenser packages, a stand-by propane com- provide efective and stable cooling performance. was installed, which made this the frst greenhouse pressor skid and a R290 drain vessel. The new unit In Europe, Neste Oil in Finland replaced its R22 re- that runs entirely without natural gas. can chill 20 million m³ of natural gas each day. frigeration system with an ammonia system. In Bel- gium, a 500 kW ammonia heat pump was installed in Emerson’s factory in Welkenraedt, where waste CONSTRUCTION heat from the factory is reused. NH3: In underground building sites, there is a fre-

CO2/HC: A CO2/propylene cascade refrigeration quent problem with ground water, which impedes system was installed in a German chemical plant. underground works. Freezing the soil around the The evaporator (propylene) in the high cascade construction site is an efective method against stage is simultaneously the condenser of the lower penetration by ground water and ensures static safety. Nowadays, NH3 soil freezing units are cascade stage (CO2). The liquid CO2 evaporator cools the chemical process down to -50°C. widely utilised in the construction of underground 23 tunnels, stations or building shaft projects, as well as to safeguard excavations. In a building construc- HC: Operations in the chemical industry and the tion project in Germany, an ammonia soil freezing pharmaceutical business require high technical unit cooled brine down to approximately -30oC, ena- quality for the production plants. In some new bling construction work to proceed without risk of plants built in Europe, hydrocarbon refrigerants structural damage. have already been used to guarantee the highest cooling precision. For example, in an explosion- CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration systems hazardous area of a chemical plant in Germany, a CO2/NH3: refrigeration system is set up for industrial, non- are widely used where low temperatures must be stop running, using the refrigerant propylene (R- attained economically and within compressor ap- 1270) to the HCI-liquefaction. In a plastic produc- plication ranges. A CO2/NH3 soil-freezing container- tion plant of Borealis, a Belgian manufacturer of ised refrigeration unit was used in the under- polyethylene and polypropylene in Belgium, the ground construction works of a building in Ger- original R22 refrigeration unit was replaced by an many. The CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration system R1270-based refrigeration system. R-1270 has the was selected to enable lower cooling temperatures o same thermodynamic characteristics as the HCFC down to -50 C. refrigerant R22. Thanks to the conversion, Borealis For earlier applications, please refer to the GUIDE 2012: now saves approximately 33% on its energy bill. In Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for Europe” at http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/23 the gas processing plant of NAM in Den Helder, 24 SPORTS ICE RINKS, SKI SLOPES & SWIMMING Winter Olympics competition. At the heart of the STADIUMS new refrigeration plant are four ammonia screw compressors. The ammonia refrigerant plays a key role in ensuring superior efciency in the project. NH3: At the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, the Aquatic Centre and the Olympic Energy Centre in CO : CO2 refrigeration systems have been proven London both adopted ammonia-based technolo- 2 gies. The cooling system of the Aquatic Centre was as one of the most promising alternatives in ice rink refrigeration. In the ice rink industry today, converted to an NH3 system. The large-scale Olym- pic Energy Centre also features ammonia chillers. mainly in Europe, there are more than twenty rinks The new Energy Centre and network built on the that have adopted CO2 in the second-cycle of the site provide efcient and low-carbon power by us- refrigeration system and several in Canada that ing biomass boilers and a combined Cooling, Heat have applied a system with CO2 in the frst-cycle as & Power (CHP) plant to capture the heat generated well as in the distribution system. as a by-product of electricity production. The primary Olympic Park Energy Centre makes claim to The frst application of CO2 in ice rinks was in Aus- being one of the largest combined cooling, heat- tria in 1999, when, instead of brine, CO2 was used ing and power generating facilities built in the UK. in the secondary cycle and NH3 in the primary cycle. In Sweden, similar technology was applied in 25 In 2012, Oxford’s popular ice rink was refurbished the Backvallen ice rink in 2006, and similarly, the with an ammonia refrigerant cooling system. A 360 other two ice rinks (Tingvalla Ice Stadium, Görans- kW ammonia chiller, which requires less electricity son Arena) were built on this technology. In the ice to run and reduces running costs by up to 20%, rink Waltershausen and the SAP Arena Mannheim was installed. Ammonia is the primary refrigerant in Germany, as well as the Messe Stadium Dorn- of choice for the new Olympic ice rink in the Bel- birn in Austria, CO2 as a coolant has made it possi- gian city of Liège. The ammonia refrigeration sys- ble to use the advantages of the evaporating refrig- tem in the sports facility has a total capacity of erant in ice rinks and also in refrigeration plants 1,000 kW. A central refrigeration plant with ammo- with indirect cooling. nia reciprocating compressors was installed to provide a constant ice quality, even under difering framework conditions and heat loads, for the ele- vated ice track and the ice rink at the Lentpark in Cologne, Germany.

In Russia, a large-scale ammonia based refrigeration plant was built in 2012 to cater to the cooling For earlier applications, please refer to the GUIDE 2012: needs of a sports facility: the 1814 metre bobsleigh Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for Europe” at track in Krasnaya Polyana, which will host the 2014 http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/23

INDUSTRY & SPORTS

INDUSTRY, SPECIAL APPLICATIONS & SPORTS

26 27 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN

APPLICATION AREAS & END-USER VIEWS

APPLICATION AREAS: ECOSYSTEMS END-USERS VIEWS

“From the feld to the fork”, already today natural refrigerants are used in indus- Leading commercial end-users share their thoughts on the latest natural refrig- trial, commercial, residential and transport applications throughout the whole eration trends and requirements of their business. Retailers across Europe are food chain. In food sourcing, production & processing, transport, food retail and asking the industry for natural refrigeration solutions for small convenience restaurants they ofer a natural solution for heating, air-conditioning and refrig- stores and warm climates. Global consumer brands confrm their commitment eration. This chapter comprises the main areas in which natural refrigerants are towards a natural (refrigeration) future. used in the food chain and provides best practice examples from Europe.

PAGE 29 PAGE 39 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN INTRODUCTION The Food Chain Ecosystem captures a broad range store, chill store and loading bay areas. Bonduelle of innovative and successful examples for natural Group, supplier of canned or deep-frozen vegeta- The food and beverage industry is the largest refrigerant utilisation in the following sectors: bles, and processed salads upgraded its existing manufacturing sector in terms of turnover and cold storage with an ammonia refrigeration system value added in Europe. 75% of all European indus- • Food storage & distribution: factories, cold in its site in Estrées, France. The facility lowers en- trial refrigeration capacity is installed in the food storage and warehouses ergy consumption by 25% compared to a conven- industry. Starting from a basis of 60-70 million cu- • Food processing: dairies, bakeries, slaughter- tional cold room and saves a total of 500 tons CO2 bic meters of cold storage for food, the need for houses, ice cream & chocolate production, cof- eq. per year. Agri-Norcold’s newly expanded facility more chilled and frozen food promises continued fee plants in Denmark uses ammonia refrigeration in its site investments in refrigeration systems. In the food • Beverages: breweries and wineries in Vejen to supply cooling to the 8,400 m² cold stor- industrial and commercial refrigeration sectors, the • Fishing industry: processing plants, vessels, age. Multifrozen, a subsidiary of Unilever, also move towards a broader adoption of natural refrig- and container ships chose to use ammonia in its new cold storage facil- erants is continuing throughout Europe. Ammonia • Food retail: supermarkets, hypermarkets & con- ity in Veszprem, North-Western Hungary. The build- maintains its market-leading position while CO2, venience stores, and fast food restaurants ing of the largest Ukrainian refrigeration complex CO2 cascade solutions, as well as hydrocarbons are for storage of fruits and vegetables in Kherson, in- becoming increasingly competitive in the market. APPLICATION AREAS corporates an ammonia refrigeration system with a Among European food retailers, there is a clear cooling capacity of 10,000 tons. shift towards CO2 refrigeration in large-format FOOD STORAGE & DISTRIBUTION 29 stores and convenience stores. Transcritical CO2 Drillieux, a Belgian fruit company, expanded its systems and subcritical cascade systems have been cold storage by installing a 963 kW NH3-based re- NH3: In 2012, UK logistics provider Kuehne+Nagel the preferred choice by supermarkets in Europe. frigeration system to eighteen new cold rooms installed an ammonia refrigeration plant for a R290 is regarded as one of the best refrigerants for with a total storage capacity of 5 million kilo- multi-temperature chill store to its existing distribu- use in ice cream cabinets, bottle coolers and com- grammes in 2013. A 3,300 kW ammonia refrigeration centre at Brinklow, UK. The cooling capacity of mercial freezers. tion unit was installed in the brand new warehouse each unit accounts for 400 kW and operates with of the Belgian New Fruit Wharf (BNFW) in the Port an ammonia charge of less than 0.45 kg/kW. One In the food and beverage industry, a clear trend of Antwerp, Belgium, in 2013. Thanks to the ammo- of McDonald’s suppliers in the UK, Keystone Distri- towards a stronger adoption of refrigerants with nia system, the warehouses are climatised through- bution, has installed a 2,000 kW two-stage ammo- less environmental impact; an increased focus on out the year, at a low energy cost. nia refrigeration plant for its state-of-the-art Hemel refrigerant charge reductions and leakage tight- distribution facility. The ammonia refrigeration sys- ness; a continued strong focus on a system’s capital CO2: An eco-friendly CO2 refrigeration plant for S- tem incorporates several energy saving features cost but also its cost of ownership; and an even Market was built in Finland in 2012. CO2 unit cool- that contribute to 15 MW of yearly energy savings. stronger emphasis on reliability, safety and legisla- ers were used in the refrigeration plant that cools A logistics provider converted an existing empty tive compliance of the system are all factors encour- warehouse in Hertfordshire into a temperature con- aging the use of natural refrigerants in Europe. trolled food and beverage storage and distribution facility with a two-stage pumped circulation ammo- For earlier applications, please refer to the GUIDE 2012: nia refrigeration plant. The system has an overall Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for Europe” at capacity of 2,224 kW including cooling for the cold http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/23 diferent cold rooms and a freezing room. The re- and reduced energy consumption, making them helps Verkade reach the company goal of reducing frigeration plant operates at -20°C to -18°C in the one of the preferred technologies for food and energy consumption and carbon dioxide emis- freezing room and at diferent temperatures in the drug cold storage. In recent years, Roche Pharma- sions. Producer of Alpine milk chocolate, Milka, diverse cold rooms for fsh, chicken, ready-food, ceutics in Germany and Ireland, Mansfeld’s Fruit achieved an efciency increase of more than 30% fruit and vegetables. Farms, Grimsby Fish Market, Peake Fruits - Sufolk with their new refrigeration system employing am- UK, Liverpool Fruit Terminal, and Nestlé in the UK, monia chillers in a Lörrach, Germany, factory. This NH3/CO2: The German discounter Lidl has com- as well as a fsh processing plant in Romania have was achieved by grouping the former cooling cen- mitted to the use of natural refrigerants in all installed R1270 chillers in their facilities. ters into four units connected with each other, sup- newly built logistic centres. In its site in Hüfngen, plemented by free cooling which employed out- Baden-Württemberg, 6,000 m3 of deep freezing FOOD PROCESSING: DAIRIES, BAKER- side air. At the heart of the system are three ammonia chiller units using variable-speed compressors and refrigerated space are cooled with a CO2/NH3 IES, SLAUGHTERHOUSES, ICE CREAM & with a power rating of 3.8 MW. system. The waste heat from the refrigeration is CHOCOLATE PRODUCTION & COFFEE recovered to heat other parts of the building. In PLANTS the expansion project of Kloosterboer's Delta Ter- A new ammonia-based refrigeration unit was installed in Vlevico, Colruyt's renewed meat plant in minal in Netherlands, ammonia and CO2 are used in the cooling and freezing rooms for smaller NH3: In 2013, the dairy product company Arla Halle, Belgium. The heat released from the refrig- batches. With three large freezers and 5 large cool- built Europe’s largest and most environmentally eration unit is recuperated for the production of ing and freezing cells, all with a temperature range friendly dairy production facility outside Aylesbury, hot water. Vlevico now saves 371,000 Euros each between -/-25°C and + / +12°C, Kloosterboer can Buckinghamshire, on the outskirts of London. The year on its energy bill. The plant also reduced its respond more fexibly to the customers' wishes. facility features a sophisticated ammonia refrigera- CO2 emissions by 1602 tonnes per year. The BESS tion system, which delivers more than 7.5MW of study (Benchmarking and Energy management 30 A distribution centre in the Netherlands built by cooling capacity. Ammonia chillers, installed in the Schemes in SMEs) has declared Vlevico one of the fruits, vegetables and exotics importer Hillfresh energy centre, supply the plant’s large cooling most efcient and ecological meat processing companies in Europe. A 600kW NH3 refrigeration unit International, features a NH3/CO2 cascade refrigera- load. In two plants of Mlekpol, the largest Polish tion system serving 21 cold storage units and 7,500 dairy producer in Grajewo and Mrągowo, Poland, with direct expansion (at -10°C) was installed in the pallet spaces. The system’s ammonia charge has ammonia compressors have demonstrated their beef processing plant of Verbist in Izegem, Bel- been reduced by almost 90%. In an 80,000 m3 food notable energy efciency: around 25% less energy gium. This system transfers liquid ammonia to the evaporators in the cold rooms. Inside the evapora- store plant in France, an NH3/CO2 secondary brine than the solutions previously in operation has equipment is used for the freezing portion. In Har- been used. tor, the NH3 dissipates completely. The advantages over a pump circulation system are the limited nes, a NH3/CO2 cooling and freezing installation has been selected for a French establishment used A Welsh bakery combined an in-line spiral freezer amount of refrigerant (as low as 25%) and the for storage by a producer of potato products. In and its associated low volume ammonia plant, in avoided need to install pumps or a separator. In 2012, a new refrigeration plant based on a cascade one complete package in 2012. The combined sys- practice, this means less safety risks and a lower investment cost. system that employs ammonia (NH3) in the frst tem reduces the refrigerant load and ensures the step and CO2 in the second, was installed to the greatest possible heat transfer, resulting in 15-20% plant of SAS Lubrano et Fils for freezing of bake-of energy savings compared to a separate spiral The expanding applications for ammonia in com- bread located at Sète, France. freezer and refrigeration plant installation. mercial and industrial refrigeration are being demonstrated in several recent projects involving heat The Dutch biscuit manufacturer Verkade installed pumps. Ammonia heat pumps constitute one pos- HC: R1270 (propylene) chillers have a proven eco- an ammonia chiller, which is flled with only 100g sibility for the efcient management of heat en- nomic track record in terms of lower capital costs of ammonia per kW. The new refrigeration system ergy. In the UK, a Nestlé chocolate factory replaced 31 FOOD CHAIN

FOOD SOURCING, PRODUCTION & PROCESSING

32 FOOD CHAIN

TRANSPORT, FOOD RETAIL & RESTAURANTS

33 FOOD CHAIN

OVERVIEW OF APPLICATION FIELDS

34 35 existing HCFC-22 packaged chillers and a central NH3/CO2: An NH3/CO2 cascade system was in- ene glycol to distribute the cold in temperatures coal-operated steam generation unit with a high- ranging between 3°C to –8°C. The refrigeration sup- stalled in a German bakery plant, where the CO2 pressure heat pump solution that uses ammonia cycle was used for direct cooling in the freezers ply in the deep-freezing unit features CO2 direct with screw compressors to reach a temperature of evaporation at -32°C. The cooling capacity is 80 kW applied in the system, with limited NH3 quantity. 90˚C. The system extracts the waste heat at -5˚C When calculated over one year of operation, for refrigeration and 8 kW for deep-freezing. The from the glycol as the secondary refrigerant from 870,000 kWh of energy could be saved per year. At newly integrated CO2/propane system reduces the the refrigeration process and raises it to the main 70 cents per kW, this would result in savings of required space and assembly eforts, leading to heating demand of 60˚C. A plant of Robert Wise- more than €600,000 per year. reduced investment costs. man Dairies in Manchester, UK, won the Innova- tion Prize presented by trade magazine Food Proc- In Russia, Nestlé invested in an NH3/CO2 cascade BEVERAGES: BREWERIES & WINERIES essing by incorporating ammonia reciprocating refrigeration system at its cofee processing plant compressors. Simultaneous and energy efcient in Timashvesk. The 4 MW refrigeration system is NH3: Refrigeration plays an important role in beer provisions of refrigeration and heat have slashed one of the largest of its kind in Europe. The system processing. Refrigeration equipment is the major the dairy producer’s gas bill by 52%, its electricity greatly reduces the ammonia charge, increasing user of electricity, accounting for approximately bill by 20% and water bill by 50%. In a slaughter- system safety and facilitating system supervision. 50% of total consumption. Ammonia refrigeration house of Norway, two sets of ammonia heat pump The use of screw compressors in the CO2 stage re- can reduce energy use in beer brewing process screw compressors were installed to supply addi- duces the number of compressors required by half plants. In the plant of brewer Brauhaus Tegernsee tional 2400kW of 52°C hot water. The heat pumps and triples the time needed between maintenance in Germany, an ammonia system was installed as save 1.6 GW of fuel per year (approximately operations. the indirect refrigeration system capable of chilling 210,000 litres) and are met by high satisfaction re- 190 hl brewing water from +16°C to +2°C in 2.5 ports from its customers. In Switzerland, a food company producing organic hours. An ammonia heat pump in the system also 36 quality meat products installed a sustainable heat- supplies heat to the adjoining buildings. Carlsberg In a Norwegian ice cream plant, a transcriti- CO2: ing and cooling system for its meat processing cen- also uses ammonia for process cooling in all Carls- cal CO2 cooling and freezing system was installed. tre in Landquart, using heat pumps and refrigerat- berg breweries. Nearly all Scandinavian brewing The 220 kW (at -38°C) CO2 system with 150 kW of ing machines that run on ammonia and carbon companies have ammonia refrigeration systems. heat recovery and hot gas defrost achieves reduc- dioxide. A two-stage ammonia heat pump is used The Daniel Thwaites brewery in Northern England tions of 1,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year for heating purposes according to the diferent installed a new reciprocating compressor using (direct and indirect emissions) in comparison with temperature levels. Two ammonia refrigeration ma- ammonia as the working fuid. The ammonia sys- a similar R404a system. chines are responsible for refrigeration and are tem has resulted in an increased output of 400 kW cooled with groundwater. CO2 is used in the deep- compared to the 310 kW supplied by the previous Schlachtbetrieb Zürich AG installed the largest CO2 freeze storage rooms. In France, an NH3/CO2 cool- installation. In addition, the energy efciency has heat pump system with 800 kW in Switzerland. The ing and freezing installation has been selected for improved, saving the owners approximately £2,000 three CO2 heat pumps are used to produce high a French establishment used for storage by a pro- (around €2,500) per week in electricity costs, which temperature hot water (90°C) for the slaughter- ducer of potato products in Harnes. means that the investment will be paid back in less house based on waste heat from refrigeration sys- than 18 months. 3 tems. As a result, about 260,000 m of natural gas HC/CO2: A meat processing plant in Osnabrück, has been saved per year and the annual CO2 emis- Germany, uses a propane-CO2 cascade system for CO2: The Norwegian brewery Mack is moving to- sions have been reduced by around 30%, or 510 refrigeration and deep-freezing, in processing and wards a more modern plant by installing two CO2 tonnes per year. cold storage applications. The system uses pro- transcritical chillers with a total cooling capacity of pane as a refrigerant in the plant room and propyl- 500 kW. The system satisfes Mack’s requirements for performance, safety and reduced environ- ingly voice their interest for the use of ammonia is a far less potent greenhouse gas (GHG) com- mental impact. In a plant of brewery Anheuser- (NH3) as refrigerant for on-board refrigeration. CO2 pared to its CFC-based predecessor, Freon. Several Busch InBev in Leuven, Belgium, a 670 kW CO2- is also being considered as an alternative for inter- companies have announced production of high- based refrigeration unit is used for process cooling. modal containers. CO2 containers are commercially efciency CO2 refrigerated marine containers, and The system uses heat released during the refrigera- available today for marine shipping. CO2 plate demonstration units are being tested in various tion process to evaporate CO2, which is essential to freezers in fshing vessels have been widely used locations worldwide, including the United States carbonate beer. Thanks to this heat recuperation, by European fshing companies. and Singapore. Sea trials of a refrigerated CO2 InBev Belgium consumes no extra energy, limiting reefer container that is now available in the market the impact on the environment and lowering the NH3: Today, ammonia is the refrigerant of choice indicate that the CO2 transcritical system achieves energy bill substantially. for modern environmentally friendly refrigeration an average energy usage equal to R134a, tested systems across the fshery cold chain in Europe. over more than 23,000 operating hours. Moreover, H2O: A solar cooling system in the cellar of the From catch to consumer, ammonia refrigeration is a 28% reduction of emissions as compared to the GICB winery (Groupement Interproducteurs du used in the production of ice, to refrigerate seawa- HFC equivalent units was realised. Cru de Banyuls) in the south of France installed an ter, refrigerate compartments and to cool cold absorption chiller. The project is the frst in France stores, ensuring food safety, shelf life and appear- NH3: Ammonia is also applied in indirect and cas- in the private food sector and one of the frst in ance. cade systems on new refrigerated ships. In ships Europe. The average thermal Coefcient of Per- that carry professional crew only (no passengers) formance (COP) is 0.55. Energy consumption is In the fsh processing industry, fast and continuous and those with relatively high refrigeration capac- 2,800 kWh which corresponds to a cost of only deep freezing and storage play an important role, ity like fshing ships, ammonia is more commonly €280/year. The energy savings are estimated at as marine food is very prone to spoiling or losing used. €950/year (on the basis of an average increase of quality. In Greenland, a 10,000 m3 cold fsh store 37 energy price of 5%/year). was installed at Qasiiannhuit (Christianshab) includ- H2O: In 2012, on the new AIDA 6 cruise ship, a tri- ing an ammonia refrigeration system equipped generation system with absorption chiller, was in- with a two-stage system for an air blast freezer, a FISHING: PROCESSING PLANTS, stalled. The system achieves a cooling capacity of plate freezer & cold store, and one-stage systems VESSELS & CONTAINER SHIPS up to 1,300 kW and produces up to 100 m³ of fresh for air conditioning, ice production, and two chill water per day. Waste heat from the cooling water stores. An ammonia refrigeration system with a In recent years, natural refrigerants have begun to of its diesel engines is used to operate the cascade 630 kW ice production and freezer capacity and enter the fshing and maritime refrigeration mar- heat consumption in an absorption chiller con- 1555 kW cold room capacity was installed in a fsh ket. The transition to ammonia, carbon dioxide, nected to a Multiple Efect Distillation (MED) desali- processing factory in Spain. In Iceland and the and water has begun among transport refrigera- nation unit for the production of cooled water and Faroe Islands, two new fsh processing installations tion end-users in Europe. According to a leading drinking water on board the ship. manufacturer of plate freezers for fshing vessels, in Faskruosforour and Vestmanna have a 1150 kW the company has already delivered more than 500 and 1,000 kW ammonia refrigeration capacity respectively. CO2 plate freezers to European fshing companies. Today, 80% of its maritime plate freezers use ammonia and CO2. CO2: Marine container refrigeration systems based on CO2 refrigerant can reduce the carbon

Ammonia and CO2 are used in refrigerated ships, footprint by 35% compared to its predecessor, pri- accounting for nearly 5% of the installed global marily due to its higher energy efciency. Its car- market in 2010. Today, fshing companies increas- bon footprint also shrinks due to the fact that CO2 38 END-USER VIEWS ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION

COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION CONVENIENCE STORES Delhaize Group is committed to increasing Probably the reason we only have the one Cost still drives business decisions today,

the number of natural refrigerant systems convenience store using CO2 is because at but cost is coming down, and I can assure where they are feasible and cost-effective. the moment we are finding it easier to get to you that in three years time, in our case, this Georgios Patkos, Delhaize Group the right cost point with supermarkets and issue changed for us from us thinking that more difficult in convenience store applica- we could not do this, to thinking instead yes, The big motivator for us [Delhaize Group] is tions. That is something that we need to let’s go! our overall CO2 emissions goal, which we change, and something that we need to Antoine Azar, The Coca-Cola Company

have had since 2008, and which is a 20% re- change pretty quickly. Whether it is CO2 or “duction in emissions per m2 by 2020. “another natural, we made a commitment “It is not a legend, HFC-free systems perform Megan Hellstedt, Delhaize Group back in November 2009 that all of our refrig- well, their price is going down and there is eration systems would be natural by 2030, more and more natural refrigerant training We rose to the challenge of CFCs, HCFCs, and the piece that is holding me up deliver- available, so I think with time we are address- HFCs. My business can’t believe that we can ing that, at the moment, is our convenience ing all those elements that posed an initial “come up with so many different refrigerants estate. concern. that cost so much money. But hopefully CO2 John Skelton, Sainsbury’s Antoine Azar, The Coca-Cola Company 39 is going to put us in a place where we will have some future proofing. I want the support to do more stores, I want As of 2015, we [Refrigerants Naturally!] will John Skelton, Sainsbury’s Supermarkets “ the support to do the right thing with conven- not buy any more HFCs. ience stores. I want to know what are the Antoine Azar, on behalf of “Refrigerants, “COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION IN technologies that are coming round the cor- Naturally!” WARM CLIMATES ner? I want people advising me and helping We know there are companies testing their me to make sure that we have the best refrig- Our strategy is 100% HC procurement, start- solutions for warmer climates, and they are eration system in our stores. The Sains- ing from the last year already. One exception testing effective systems, and they will share bury’s door is always open. for us is Japan where we are facing issue to their learnings quickly, and we will be able “ John Skelton, Sainsbury’s “get components, and to get the right sized to adopt it. So we believe there is a momen- compressor with hydrocarbons available. tum on that issue and that we have some Jürgen Brenneis, Red Bull solutions that are emerging. The question is how to quickly make them cost effective for “the industry. “ Megan Hellstedt, Delhaize Group NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN

MARKET & TECHNOLOGY MAPS

CO2 TRANSCRITICAL & CASCADE OTHER NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY STORES IN EUROPE 2011-2013 STORES & LIGHT-COMMERCIAL IN STORES AROUND THE WORLD 2013 REFRIGERATION IN EUROPE 2013 Driven by retailers’ growing environmental commit- A growing number of retailers rely on central am- Worldwide, the number of retailers using CO2 re- ment, the market for commercial CO2 transcritical monia and hydrocarbon (HC) systems, and more frigeration technology is constantly growing. refrigeration systems is gaining further momen- than 480,000 hydrocarbon plug-in supermarket Europe still leads in the adoption of CO2 refrigera- tum in Europe. shecco’s updated commercial super- cabinets in operation prove that other natural solution technology in supermarkets, but other world market map shows an increase of 117% in the num- tions are ready for the market. With consumer regions are gaining momentum. See a world map ber of CO2 TC supermarkets within two years. For good brands committed to environmental steward- showing where more than 5,000 stores using CO2 the frst time, a new map provides fgures on the ship, the number of CO2 and HC freezers and cool- transcritical and cascade/secondary refrigeration European market with CO2 cascade systems. ers is growing in Europe. systems are located.

PAGES 41 & 48 PAGES 56 & 60 PAGE 63 CO2 TRANSCRITICAL STORES IN EUROPE

ing the use of f-gases fnancially and technically INTRODUCTION CO2 TRANSCRITICAL STORES IN EUROPE prohibitive in food retailing within the shortest ti- 2013 In 2012, shecco published the frst detailed fgures meframe is lauded overseas in discussions on restricting the use of hydrofuorocarbons. Danish re- on the number of supermarkets using CO2 tran- The data collected between July and October 2013 scritical refrigeration systems in the European Un- tailer Fakta for example already has around 150 revealed a great increase of CO2 TC supermarkets CO2 TC stores in operation today. ion. shecco's pioneering CO2 transcritical commer- in Europe within less than two years. From the end cial refrigeration map for the frst time provided of 2011 up until October 2013 an additional 1,555 industry with precise fgures, which were urgently The latest fgures provided by shecco reveal that CO2 TC supermarkets appeared on the market, needed by both technology leaders and legislators other Nordic countries are catching up to the bringing the total number of CO2 TC stores to leader. In Norway, 310 CO2 TC supermarkets were to quantify the future market potential of non- 2,885. And the number is constantly growing. fuorinated gases. In order to respond to the fast in operation in July 2013, refecting an increase of Thanks to new technologies, CO2 TC systems are 131% compared to the end of 2011. Retailers like moving adoption of natural refrigeration in Euro- being used in new market segments such as nd COOP Norway already have more than 40 CO2 TC pean supermarkets, shecco conducted a 2 re- smaller convenience stores, and are also being ap- stores in operation and have set CO2 TC systems as search study in 2013. Building on the frst study, plied to southern regions with higher ambient tem- a standard. A REMA1000 supermarket in Trond- shecco extended its research activities to deter- peratures. mine the updated number of CO2 transcritical (TC) heim, Norway, is expected to reach 30% energy savings using an integrated CO2 system and heat supermarkets by covering all major European su- SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES FOLLOW permarket chains, refrigeration system manufactur- recovery. Retailer Royal Ahold is rolling out CO2- ers, component suppliers, contractors and associa- DANISH LEADERSHIP only technology as the standard in Scandinavia. 41 tions. Over 100 supermarket chains, more than 30 Sweden and Finland are also following Danish and system suppliers and 4 associations were con- shecco’s latest CO2 transcritical supermarket map Norwegian leadership. In Sweden, the number of tacted. The numbers refected in the 2013 maps shows that Denmark is still a leader in the adoption CO2 TC stores has increased by almost 200%, reach- refer to the number of supermarkets using natural of CO2 refrigeration technology with 712 stores, ing a total number of 266. COOP Sweden has re- refrigeration systems and not the number of packs, the highest number of CO2 TC stores in Europe. cently installed a new CO2 system, which combines which might be even higher as, for example, some Denmark is considered a pioneer and role model cooling, frost, heat recovery and air conditioning in large supermarkets use more than one CO2 TC unit. when it comes to legislating high global warming one single plant. Swedish retailer ICA has been us- potential (GWP) refrigerants. Danish policy is ing CO2 TC systems in new installations since 2010. Furthermore the geographical scope of the re- stricter than EU policy and largely explains the In 2013 alone, CO2 systems have been imple- search was extended to all European countries fourishing CO2 TC commercial refrigeration mar- mented in over 50 ICA stores in Sweden. One of (Europe 50+). The natural refrigeration systems ket. Danish regulations by and large prohibit the the largest supermarkets in Scandinavia, the and refrigerant types examined were extended use of HFC gases and ozone depleting substances Nordby Supermarket in Strömstad, Sweden, has from CO2-only systems to NH3-only and HC-only as refrigerants. Complementing the HFC ban, in cut energy consumption by up to 20-30% using a systems as well as cascade systems using CO2, NH3 2001 Denmark introduced a tax on the imports of transcritical CO2 booster refrigeration system. The and hydrocarbons, and lastly, hydrocarbon plug-in bulk HFCs. Moreover, to promote the spread of CO2 solution provides cooling for the freezers, re- supermarket cabinets. natural refrigerants, the Danish Environmental Pro- frigerators and cold rooms; in addition heat is re- tection Agency has set up a Knowledge Centre for claimed to heat the supermarket during the winter. HFC-free Refrigeration. Denmark’s success in mak- In Finland, the number of CO2 TC operations has Sainsbury’s opened its second zero emissions store stores in operation. At Edeka Südwest (South- almost quadrupled in the last two years to 86 in Leicester. Several measures including natural West) CO2 TC systems and subcritical hybrid cas- stores. In recent years, Finnish retailer Kesco has CO2 refrigeration units for the chillers and freezers cade systems have been the preferred choice since been rolling out CO2 refrigeration in its stores in reduce the stores carbon footprint by 33%. British 2009. As a result, today the company has 106 CO2 Northern Europe. About half of all new Kesco food retailer Booths expects all of its new refrigeration TC systems in operation. Retail giant Metro is also stores use CO2. The retailer has reported that its systems to be CO2-based. UK retailer Marks & adopting CO2 transcritical systems at its Metro stores using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant con- Spencer (M&S) has more than 80 pumped CO2 cas- Cash & Carry and Real stores. In 2010, German food sume 30% less heat energy compared to stores us- cade systems in operation today. But as the re- retailer tegut signed a contract to implement 50 ing other refrigerants. tailer’s goal is to become HFC-free and to integrate sustainable and energy efcient refrigeration sys- heat reclaim, the question M&S is facing today is tems using CO2. So far the company has 20 stores The high number of commercial CO2 TC installa- whether to develop an HFC-free front end for the running on CO2. Three stores of the Kaufand retail tions in the Northern countries highlights the avail- current base of CO2 pumped systems installed, or chain use CO2-only refrigeration systems. ability and the maturity of CO2 technology for alternatively transition to CO2 TC. Therefore, M&S is these climate zones. currently trialing CO2 TC refrigeration as an alterna- The strong German market for CO2 TC supermarket tive to their pumped systems. installations is largely thanks to an incentive UK’S RETAILERS COMMITTED TO CO2 scheme for commercial refrigeration using natural Two pieces of legislation have helped to encour- refrigerants run by the Federal Ministry for Environ- age investment in climate friendly, energy saving ment (BMU). As part of the “Integrated Energy and The number of CO2 TC stores in the UK has steadily increased in the last two years. Even though the refrigeration technology: the UK climate change Climate Protection Programme”, at the end of 2008 legislation, which includes the 2001 Climate the German Government instituted a “Climate Pro- UK does not tax high-GWP refrigerants, CO2 TC refrigeration in supermarkets is gaining momentum. Change Levy (CCL) aimed at encouraging energy tection Incentive Programme for commercial refrig- 42 The frst UK system was installed in 2006 in Swan- efciency and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emis- eration plants”. sea in a Tesco supermarket. Since then the number sions; and the 2008 Climate Change Act, which of installations has grown steadily. UK retailers like sets a target for the UK to reduce carbon emissions SWISS RETAILERS SUCCESSFULLY ROLL to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Tesco, Marks & Spencer, Waitrose, Boots and Sains- OUT CO2 TRANSCRITICAL SYSTEMS bury’s have committed to ambitious targets in order to eliminate climate-warming f-gases from CO2 TRANSCRITICAL SYSTEMS ARE Since the frst CO2 direct expansion refrigeration their stores. In 2013, the number of CO2 TC stores GAINING MOMENTUM IN GERMAN system was installed in a Swiss hypermarket in No- in the UK had already reached more than 441 SUPERMARKETS vember 2004, several supermarket chains have stores. made the switch to CO2 refrigeration systems. Lead- German retailers are are also pushing forward with ing retail chains Migros and Coop are paving the In April 2013, Tesco was operating 65 CO2 TC stores way for CO2 TC systems. In 2008, Coop launched in the UK and is looking to at least double that the adoption of CO2 technology in their stores. In 2012, shecco counted 149 German supermarkets the frst tests with CO2 as the only refrigerant. To- number to 130 stores by end of 2013. Following day, around 200 stores operated by the Swiss re- the retailers 20x20 sustainability plan, Sainsbury’s using CO2 TC refrigeration systems. The latest fgures reveal an increase of 158%, bringing the total tailer Coop use natural refrigerants, representing has made heavy investments in climate friendly almost 25% of Coop’s supermarkets in Switzerland. refrigeration technology. Sainsbury’s is considered number of CO2 TC stores in Germany to 429. In fact all of the stores use CO2 TC refrigeration sys- a pioneer in CO2 TC refrigeration, and today has tems. Migros has also committed to using CO2 as a 167 stores, including 166 supermarkets and 1 con- The German retailer Aldi Süd has adopted CO2 as its standard refrigerant for all new stores in Ger- standard refrigerant in all new stores since 2010. venience store, using R744 technology. Recently Migros already operates some 300 carbon dioxide many. In 2013, Aldi Süd already had 151 CO2 TC 43 MAP OF CO2 TRANSCRITICAL STORES IN EUROPE 2011/2013

DATA BY COUNTRY

These figures are based on a 2013 survey of leading system suppliers and commercial end-users. Feel free to contact us to add your data to the map. Send an email to [email protected] MAP OF CO2 TRANSCRITICAL STORES IN EUROPE 2011/2013

Data taken into account for drafting the market maps is based CO2 TC CO2 TC GROWTH 2011 TO GROWTH 2011 TO on shecco’s continuous global research activities. While the COUNTRY SUPERMARKETS 2013 SUPERMARKETS 2011 2013 TOTAL 2013 PERCENT below lists only indicate those companies that gave direct input, the total figures cover a significantly higher number of food retailers and suppliers. Austria 6 5 1 20%

Belgium 38 13 25 192% SUPERMARKETS Bulgaria 1 0 1 100% Ahold Europe Czech Republic 16 10 6 60% Carrefour Coop Switzerland Denmark 712 424 288 68% Coop Norway Estonia 4 0 4 0% Delhaize Group FegroSelgros Finland 86 20 66 330% Metro AG France 17 2 15 750% Migros AG Prodega/Growa Cash+Carry Germany 429 166 263 158% Tesco Hungary 34 14 20 143% 45

Ireland 11 1 10 1000% SUPPLIERS Italy 15 6 9 150% Advansor A/S Luxembourg 9 9 0 0% Carrier Kältetechnik Deutschland GmbH compact Kältetechnik GmbH Netherlands 88 14 74 529% Epta s.p.a. Norway 310 134 176 131% Frigo-Consulting AG Green&Cool Poland 20 5 15 300% Hafner-Muschler, Kälte- u. Klimatechnik GmbH & Co. KG Slovakia 3 1 2 200% Hauser GmbH Kältering AG Spain 6 1 5 500% Knudsen Køling A/S Sweden 266 89 177 199% SSP Kälteplaner AG Space Engineering Services Ltd Switzerland 373 149 224 150% SCM Frigo UK 441 267 174 65% Veld Koeltechniek BV

TOTAL 2.885 1.330 1.555 117% 46 cooling systems in its branches, many of them with cascade systems in operation. In the Netherlands, some of the most recent is Carrefour's installation CO2 TC systems. Migros aims to replace all HFC Royal Ahold has 850 stores and rebuilds about 150 of its frst CO2 TC at its hypermarket in Barulo, stores by the end of 2014. The reflling of HCFC re- stores a year. The retailer is a member of the Con- which has reduced the overall energy bill of the frigerants will be banned as of January 2015. sumer Goods Forum (CGF) and supports the CGF hypermarket by 7%. Retailer “Il Kanguro's” frst CO2 resolution to phase-out HFCs in new stores from TC store was in Belluno, in the North-East of Italy, SPAR supermarket also uses CO2 TC refrigeration 2015. It has therefore been piloting 3 CO2-only sys- in operation since 2012. systems in Switerland. A SPAR store in Schüpfen tems since 2012. If the CO2 pilots are successful, has recently installed a fully integrated system to Royal Ahold will include them in the roll-out, and In France the number of CO2 TC supermarkets has satisfy the store’s refrigeration, space heating and in fve years time CO2 TC systems should have already reached 17 stores, compare to 2012 when cooling, ventilation and lighting needs. The total reached half of the stores and in ten years could be only two CO2 TC stores were in operation. Since number of 373 Swiss CO2 TC supermarkets in 2013 implemented in almost all Royal Ahold stores. The February 2012 the Carrefour market of Beaurains- refects an increase of 150% compared to the end Jumbo supermarket chain, the 2nd largest retail les-Arras, in the North of France, has been using a of 2011. chain in the Netherlands, equipped a store in De- Booster TC CO2 system for both positive and nega- venter with a CO2 booster system in 2012. tive temperature levels. This frst-ever CO2 TC sys- The adoption of CO2 TC installations in Switzerland tem in a French supermarket has been followed by has been incentivised by a mix of the voluntary SHIFTING EFFICIENCY EQUATOR a second one in Lyon in 2012. Since November “Minergie-Label” and the HFC regulation. Since 2012, another French retailer Leclerc, has had a su- ALLOWS CO2 REFRIGERATION TO 2004 “substances stable in the air”, such as HFCs permarket in Nantes refrigerated using CO2 as a have been tightly regulated in Switzerland, making BECOME AN OPTION FOR SOUTHERN refrigerant. alternative refrigerants such as CO2 attractive as COUNTRIES cooling solutions. 47 With suppliers starting to ofer CO2 solutions for BENELUX COUNTRIES SHOW IMPRES- higher ambient temperatures, this technology will experience rapid growth rates in the future, in all SIVE GROWTH OF CO2 TRANSCRITICAL southern countries. To date, 6 supermarkets in STORES Spain use CO2 TC systems and further tests are being conducted to improve efciency in warm cli- In Belgium, the number of CO2 TC stores has in- mates. A feld trial of a CO2 TC booster and rooftop creased by 192% within less than two years, bring- mounted hydrocarbon mechanical subcooler instal- ing the total number to 38 stores. Retailers like Del- lation in Spain shows that energy consumption is haize and Ahold are undertaking signifcant eforts equal to HFC systems in southern European cli- to adopt CO2 technology in their stores. Overall, mates. The trialed system is more energy efcient Delhaize Group has invested in natural refrigerants than HFC coolants and allows energy savings of in 56 stores in Belgium and Luxembourg, including more than 25%. 15 CO2 TC stores. In Luxembourg, 9 CO2 TC systems are currently in operation (2013). n Italy, the number of CO2 TC stores increased by 150% to 15 stores compared to 2012. Since the frst Compared to the previous research conducted by CO2 TC store was installed in a Coop supermarket shecco, the number of CO2 TC stores in the Nether- in Lestans in 2011, several retailers have opted for lands has increased by 529% to 88 stores. Dutch the advanced refrigeration technology. Amongst retailer Royal Ahold already has hundreds of CO2 CO2 CASCADE STORES IN EUROPE

Building on its initial study on the number of CO2 total, shecco counted 314 German supermarkets FRANCE TC supermarkets in the EU, shecco extended its using CO2/HFC cascade systems in 2013. research activity for the 2013 edition to include In France, 120 supermarkets using CO2/HFC refrig- CO2 cascade refrigeration systems. The focus of the SWITZERLAND eration systems were counted in 2013. Carrefour research was on supermarkets using CO2 for low operates 70 CO2/HFC cascade supermarkets, more temperature (LT) and HFCs, NH3 or HCs for the me- After starting up its frst LT CO2 plant in Switzer- than half of them located in France. Besides France, dium temperature (MT). The latest fgures reveal land in 2002, today Migros operates almost 200 the Carrefour Group has adopted several CO2 cas- 1,639 stores using CO2/HFC cascade systems in stores with CO2 cascade systems. Coop started to cade systems in Italy, Spain and Turkey. Super U is Europe. In addition, 19 stores use CO2/NH3 cascade test CO2 as a refrigerant back in 2003. Since 2010, another French retailer relying on CO2/HFC sys- systems. The highest number of CO2 cascade CO2-only refrigeration systems have been the stan- tems, in operation, for example, in a supermarket stores, 314, has been recorded in Germany In Swit- dard in all new and retroftted stores. But some in Lanvallay. zerland, 243 CO2/HFC and 4 CO2/NH3 supermar- CO2 cascade supermarkets are still in operation to- kets were in operation in 2013. The Netherlands day. In addition to the 243 CO2/HFC cascade sys- Among the 3 CO2 cascade supermarkets using am- (242 supermarkets) and Italy (199 supermarkets) tems in operation, 4 supermarkets are using CO2 monia is a Carrefour hypermarket in La Chapelle are also countries with high numbers of CO2/HFC cascade systems with NH3 for the MT. Saint‐Luc in the Aube department, in North‐East- cascade stores. ern France. The hypermarket, which opened in No- BENELUX vember 2012, uses an NH3/CO2 refrigeration sys- GERMANY tem. A Leclerc hypermarket in Ploufragan has been 48 Today, Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain owned using a NH3/CO2 system since 2010. It was back in 2004 that the German retailer real,- , and operated by Ahold, already has 257 CO2 cas- part of the METRO group, operated its frst test cade stores in operation in Europe. The majority of UNITED KINGDOM store with a R404A/CO2 refrigeration system. The Ahold’s CO2/R134a stores are located in the Nether- successful trial led the retailer to decide in 2009 lands. The total number of CO2/HFC stores in the UK retailer Marks & Spencer (M&S) has 82 food that all new stores would use R134a for the MT and Netherlands to be 242. Besides 15 CO2 TC systems, halls operating with a pumped CO2 cascade sys- CO2 for the LT. With the R134a/CO2 cascade sys- Delhaize Group has invested in natural refrigerants tem, out of a total of 542. In addition, the retailer tems, real,- has achieved reductions in energy con- in 56 stores in Belgium and Luxembourg. Adding has trialed several diferent CO2 cascade systems, sumption of up to 35% compared to the previously these fgures to those of the other retailers in those including systems using CO2/HC, CO2/R404a and used R404 only systems. Since 2009, CO2 TC sys- two countries brings the total number of cascade CO2/R134a. Supermarket chains Morrison and Ice- tems and subcritical hybrid cascade systems have stores to 50 in Belgium and 17 in Luxembourg. land also operate CO2/HFC stores, bringing the to- been the preferred choice at Edeka Südwest. As a tal number to 87 stores in the UK. result, today the company has 59 subcritical CO2 ITALY cascade systems in operation. Aldi Süd is commit- PORTUGAL ted to CO2 as the preferred refrigerant. In addition Carrefour Group has adopted several CO2 cascade to more than 150 CO2 TC stores Aldi operates 49 systems in Italy. In total, 199 CO2 cascade stores, The Portuguese retailer Sonae is trialing its frst CO2/HFC cascade stores. In 2013, Kaufand oper- operated by several Italian retailers, were counted CO2/R134a cascade system and is looking for all- ated 40 stores using CO2/HFC cascade systems. In in mid 2013. natural refrigeration systems. Suppliers of refrigeration systems have made huge progress in develop- 49 MAP OF CO2 CASCADE STORES IN EUROPE 2013

DATA BY COUNTRY

Data taken into account for drafting the market maps is based CO2/HFC CASCADE CO2/NH3 CASCADE CO2/HC CASCADE on shecco’s continuous global research activities. While the COUNTRY SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS below lists only indicate those companies that gave direct input, the total figures cover a significantly higher number of food retailers and suppliers. Austria 13 Belgium 50 1 Bulgaria 5 SUPERMARKETS Ahold Europe Czech Republic 2 Carrefour Denmark 6 Coop Switzerland Coop Norway Estonia 85 Delhaize Group Finland 2 FegroSelgros Metro AG France 3 Migros AG Germany 120 3 Prodega/Growa Cash+Carry Hungary 314 1 5 Tesco 51 Ireland 3 1 Italy 1 4 SUPPLIERS Arneg s.p.a Luxembourg 199 Carrier Kältetechnik Deutschland GmbH Netherlands 1 compact Kältetechnik GmbH Enex srl Norway 17 2 Epta s.p.a. Poland 242 Frigo-Consulting AG Slovakia 133 Hafner-Muschler, Kälte- u. Klimatechnik GmbH & Co. KG Kältering AG Spain 8 SSP Kälteplaner AG Sweden 8 Space Engineering Services Ltd SCM Frigo Switzerland 3 QPLAN Ltd. (2011) UK 32

TOTAL 1.638 19 5 ing technologies that can make all-natural systems CO2/HFC cascade stores were in operation in Aus- efcient even in high ambient climates. tria in 2013.

SPAIN HUNGARY

32 CO2/HFC stores in Spain prove that CO2 technol- In Hungary, 4 CO2/NH3 supermarkets were already ogy is making its way to the south. Eroski supermar- in operation in 2012. The Tesco stores in Balassag- ket has equipped several stores with R134a/CO2 yarmat and Miskolc as well as two Auchan stores in systems. After piloting two eco-efcient stores in Maglód and Miskolc also rely on this technology, 2010 and 2011, the retailer Eroski decided to go a saving up to 40% energy compared to stores using step further in the feld of sustainable construction R404A refrigeration plants. and established the zero-emission store in Oñate. Carrefour Spain has installed a CO2/R134a cascade system in its Tarrasa and Barcelona-Sants supermarkets, with CO2 used for the frozen facilities and R134a for the chilled facilities. Supermarket chain DinoSol, that operates 195 stores in the Canary Is- lands, has opened its frst cascade CO2 store in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, located at the commercial centre ‘El Tablero’, in San Bartolomé de Tirajana. In 2011, the Spanish supermarket chain “Supermerca- 52 dos Hiber” was one of the pioneers of climate- friendly technology with two shops opening in Ba- rajas and Móstoles using CO2. In Spain, after several tests of CO2/R134a cascade systems, Carrefour is planning to adopt CO2 cascade technology for all new projects and renewals of complete refrigeration plants.

AUSTRIA

REWE International AG - the Austrian subsidiary of the German REWE Group –introduced the eco- store concept with CO2 cascade systems in 2012. The new stores are in line with REWE’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 30% by 2015. In their mid-term view, REWE considers CO2 cascade system as the best solution available on the market to help achieve their target. In total, 13 53 CO2 TRANSCRITICAL AND CO2/HFC STORES IN EUROPE < 2006 - 2013

TOTAL NUMBER OF STORES BY YEAR

These figures are based on a 2013 survey of leading system suppliers and commercial end-users. Feel free to contact us to add your data to the map. Send an email to [email protected] CO2 TRANSCRITICAL AND CO2/HFC STORES IN EUROPE < 2006 - 2013

BEFORE 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL 2006 (Half)

CO2 TRANSCRITICAL 23 13 67 139 189 487 574 705 514 2.885 STORES

CO2 / HFC CASCADE 82 63 67 99 111 150 229 302 207 1.638 STORES

55 Data taken into account for drafting the market maps is based SUPERMARKETS SUPPLIERS on shecco’s continuous global research activities. While the Ahold Europe Advansor below lists only indicate those companies that gave direct in- Carrefour Arneg put, the total figures cover a significantly higher number of food Coop Switzerland Carrier Kältetechnik Deutschland retailers and suppliers. Coop Norway compact Kältetechnik Delhaize Group Enex FegroSelgros Epta Metro AG Frigo-Consulting Migros AG Green & Cool Prodega/Growa Cash+Carry Hauser GmbH Tesco Hafner-Muschler, Kälte- u. Klimatechnik Kältering Knudsen Køling SSP Kälteplaner Space Engineering SCM Frigo Veld Koeltechniek OTHER NATURAL REFRIGERANT STORES IN EUROPE

Delhaize uses hydrocarbon plug-in freezers in 66 tion unit is designed to be cost efcient and envi- HC PLUG-IN AND INDIRECT NH3 AND HC stores in Romania. ronmentally friendly, producing the refrigeration SUPERMARKETS IN EUROPE needed to cool shelves, refrigerate counters, cold INDIRECT HC AND NH REFRIGERATION rooms, cold storage cells and for air-conditioning. HYDROCARBON PLUG-IN UNITS IN 3 SYSTEMS It also generates foor heating and integrates the EUROPE electro-technical equipment for the whole store.

Even if CO2 TC and CO2 cascade refrigeration sys- For the frst time, shecco conducted research on tems are the predominant solution for centralised the number of plug-in supermarket cabinets using natural refrigeration in Europe, several retailers hydrocarbons, mostly propane, as a refrigerant. In have opted to use hydrocarbon refrigerants. addition, supermarkets using indirect ammonia or hydrocarbon based (centralised) refrigeration sys- In the UK, Musgrave trialed a combined hydro- tems were part of shecco’s research. In total, carbon-air hybrid system in its Budgens stores. Wai- around 480,000 R290 plug-in supermarket cabi- trose, part of the John Lewis partnership, had over nets have been counted in Europe. This number 74 stores running on hydrocarbons in 2012. The might be even higher, as some suppliers of super- latest fgures indicate that the retailer has reached market cabinets did not provide data. However, 98 HFC-free installations, accounting for almost 1/ this fgure already serves as a very good indicator, 3 of Waitrose shops. as it captures input from market leaders. 56 New stores as well as refurbished stores are In Europe, thousands of stores use plug-and-play equipped with low carbon hydrocarbon water- hydrocarbon units as their frozen food integrals. In cooled refrigeration systems with cold air retrieval the UK, German retailer Lidl increased the number and integration with heating systems. The Coopera- of HFC-free freezer cabinets using hydrocarbons tive Group UK is also developing hydrocarbon- by over 20% in 2013, bringing the total number to based secondary refrigeration, which is expected around 9,000. In Germany, Lidl is using propane in to be its primary future technology. British retailer 60-70% of its low and medium temperature (MT) Marks and Spencer has invested in R290 low- chest freezers. Rewe Group has already 15,000 cabi- pressure receiver systems at its sustainable learn- nets using natural refrigerants in Germany. Ger- ing stores. Iceland UK is trialing a hydrocarbon man discount retailer Aldi Süd (South) uses pro- chilled water refrigeration system. pane in four out of fve (about 32,000) of its low temperature (LT) chest freezers. At Aldi Nord Since 2009, German retailer Lidl has relied on com- (North), propane has a share of 49% in LT chest pact refrigeration units using propane for normal freezers. German-based wholesaler Lekkerland refrigeration, a heat pump for heating and CO2 for uses isobutane for cooling (MT) in 71% of the com- deep-freezing. More than 200 units are in opera- pany’s chest freezers. For LT refrigeration, Lekker- tion today, showing that propane is already suit- land uses isobutane in 66% of the chest refrigera- able for series production. The compact refrigerators and propane in another 18%. 57 MAP OF HC PLUG-IN UNITS & INDIRECT NH3 AND HC STORES IN EUROPE 2013

DATA BY COUNTRY

HC PLUG-IN INDIRECT HC INDIRECT NH HC PLUG-IN INDIRECT HC INDIRECT NH3 COUNTRY 3 COUNTRY SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS SUPERMARKETS

Austria 11.097 Poland 13.199

Belarus 10 Portugal 6.450

Belgium 12.261 Romania 5.505

Bulgaria 2.472 Russia 765

Croatia 3.143 Serbia 143

Czech Republic 4.154 Slovakia 4.954

Denmark 4.036 2 Slovenia 2.326

Estonia 30 Spain 12.769 Finland 3.964 Sweden 7.483 59 France 47.389 Switzerland 7.666 1 1

Germany 231.251 178 UK 27.320 103

Greece 4.731 2

Hungary 7.748 TOTAL 480.000+ 285 3

Ireland 7.028 Data taken into account for drafting the market maps is based on shecco’s continuous global research activities. While the below lists only indicate those companies that Italy 23.135 gave direct input, the total figures cover a significantly higher number of food retailers Latvia 20 and suppliers.

Lithuania 32 SUPERMARKETS Futron GmbH Luxembourg 33 Delhaize Group Iarp S.r.l. SSP Kälteplaner AG Malta 106 SUPPLIERS Netherlands 18.473 1 AHT Cooling Systems GmbH Epta s.p.a. Norway 7.506 CO2 AND HC LIGHT-COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION IN EUROPE

The global number of light-commercial systems gally or technically possible. As a result of its Green Danone has 1,000 coolers using hydrocarbon tech- using CO2 or hydrocarbons, such as ice cream freez- Fridge policy, Heineken purchased 130,000 fridges nology in a number of countries, including Mexico. ers and bottle coolers, is estimated to be above 2,7 in 2012, about 65% of which were equipped with million units. The majority of these HFC-free units hydrocarbons. are installed in Europe. Hydrocarbon bottle coolers are a standard for Carls- The Coca-Cola Company has decided to phase out berg Breweries and are deployed whenever it is HFCs by adopting CO2 technology as the main solu- possible. Carlsberg installs bottle coolers in the Nor- tion. In October 2013, it had already installed dic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Swe- 986,000 HFC-free units globally. den) and has also started to install them in several countries in Southern Europe. At the end of 2011, Red Bull has around 457,000 “ECO Coolers,” that Carlsberg Breweries had already installed 9,000 HC use hydrocarbons as the refrigerant, half of its total coolers. cooler feet. These coolers use R600a as a refrigerant and contribute to energy savings of 20%. Fur- Unilever, the world’s largest producer of ice cream, thermore, Red Bull has a clear commitment to pur- is rolling-out freezer cabinets that use hydrocar- chase hydrocarbon-based equipment wherever it bons as refrigerants. The company has already pur- is legally possible and technically feasible. chased over 1 million units with hydrocarbons and the target is to purchase 1,3 million by 2015. 60 PepsiCo has installed over 200,000 HFC-free units in 30 diferent countries. The HFC-free systems use Nestlé is reducing the carbon footprint of smaller R290, R600a and CO2. Today, PepsiCo's coolers con- refrigeration systems, such as the freezers for their sume 48% less energy and its vending machines Häagen-Dazs, Mövenpick, Oreo, Schöller and other use 47% less energy than 2004 models with HFC ice cream brands. Over 11,000 ice cream freezers in refrigerants. The company established 100% HC seven countries operate with hydrocarbon refriger- use in Turkey in 2009 and integrated Russia into ants, such as propane and butane, which Nestlé the use of 100% HCs in 2011. has identifed as the best currently available alternatives to synthetic refrigerants. In Switzerland, all One of Heineken’s priorities is to embed and inte- new ice cream freezers now use HCs. Another grate environmental sustainability into its corpo- 2,300 HC freezers are operating in Australia, Spain, rate strategy and to reduce its carbon footprint, Malaysia, Chile and the USA. The new HC freezers 28% of which is linked to cooling. As a result, Heine- are equipped with high-efciency fans, improving ken has set itself the target of reducing the CO2 the energy efciency by 80%. For 2013, Nestlé an- emissions from fridges by 42% by 2015 and by nounced that it will further expand the number of 50% by 2020. This has led to a “Global Fridge” pol- freezers to 13,500, covering Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece, icy, whereby Heineken “Green Fridges” have to Mexico and Romania. meet fve key criteria including the use of hydrocarbons (R290 or R600a) as the refrigerant when le- MAP OF CO2 & HC LIGHT-COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION IN EUROPE AND GLOBALLY IN 2013

EUROPEAN & GLOBAL COMPARISON

According to shecco’s research among leading su- in 2010 and installed a CO2-only system, joining SOUTH AMERICA permarket chains, refrigeration system manufactur- the ever-growing list of HFC-free grocery stores in ers, component suppliers, contractors and associa- Canada. In mid-2013, more than 65 stores in Can- In South America, CO2 cascade refrigeration sys- tions worldwide, the number of supermarkets us- ada were already equipped with CO2 TC refrigera- tems are in operation in stores in Colombia (3), ing CO2 refrigeration technology is constantly tion systems and several more stores were under Venezuela (2) and Argentina (1). In Brazil, there are growing. The total number of CO2 transcritical (TC) construction. 40 CO2 cascade installations across the country. supermarkets is above 3,060 globally. CO2 cascade Brazilian retailer Verdemar is adopting CO2 cascade and secondary refrigeration systems are found in Hannaford, part of the Delhaize Group opened its refrigeration systems as a standard in new stores. It more than 2,020 stores worldwide. Europe is still frst 100% CO2 TC store in the US in July 2013. In was the frst retailer in South America to imple- leading in the adoption of CO2 refrigeration tech- the Hannaford supermarket in Turner, Maine, a CO2 ment CO2, with the frst store starting operation in nology in supermarkets, but other world regions TC booster system for low and medium tempera- 2010. Today, 3 out of a total of 8 stores by the small are gaining momentum. tures was installed and supplemented with a glycol retailer operate with CO2. Verdemar expected to heat reclaim system and a warm gas defrost sys- have 50% of its stores equipped with CO2 by the NORTH AMERICA tem. end of 2013. Recently, a new Compre Max store opened in Northeastern Brazil using a CO2/R134a Walgreens, the largest US drugstore, opened its In North America, CO2 TC stores are also entering refrigeration system. The refrigeration system uses frst net-zero energy store in South Evanston, Chi- the market. In Canada, several regional initiatives CO2 in the low-pressure stage of the system, provid- cago in November 2013. The CO2 transcritical sys- have helped to incentivise investment in CO2 refrig- ing both refrigeration and freezing. eration by ofering rebates and fnancing to ofset tem for heating and cooling saves 60% energy com- 63 the cost of new, energy efcient commercial refrig- pared to traditional technology. Another CO2 TC ASIA eration installations. These initiatives include the store has opened on the East Coast by Whole Refrigeration Optimization Programme (OPTER) Foods. The store in Brooklyn, NY opened in Decem- In Japan, the number of CO2 TC stores has ex- ber 2013. Angelo Caputo’s Fresh Market currently administered by Québec’s Ministry of Natural Re- ceeded 120 and is expected to grow rapidly, as has a store with a CO2 TC refrigeration system un- sources and Wildlife, the Power Sense Programs in leading Japanese retailers have already made pub- British Columbia, the Manitoba Commercial Refrig- der construction. The store in Carol Stream, Illinois lic commitments to use CO2 for refrigeration in will open beginning of 2014. In mid 2013, 102 CO2 eration Program and Efciency Nova Scotia. In Can- their stores. Seeking to reduce costs in the long cascade and secondary stores were counted in the ada, Sobeys has taken the lead in implementing term and improve its carbon footprint, Lawson is USA. Supervalu Inc.. opened its frst all-natural re- CO2 TC refrigeration systems. In addition to more seen as a pioneering end user in Japan for its in- frigerant grocery store in 2012 in Carpinteria, CA. than 30 CO2 TC systems, Sobeys operates several vestment in natural refrigerants. Since 2010, Law- The new NH3/CO2 system achieved a 29% TEWI CO2 cascade stores. CO2 is a core part of Sobeys’ son has been testing CO2 technology for conven- reduction compared to a R407A/CO2 system. In goal to reduce GHG emissions by 15% by the end ience stores. By February 2013, 75 convenience 2012, Delhaize was operating 3 stores with low of 2013. Overwaitea Food Group is one of the most stores were up and running with the natural refrig- temperature CO2 or as cascade. Whole Foods’ frst recent Canadian retailers to have invested in CO2 erant CO2. An additional 100 new stores are CO2 store was completed in 2009, consisting of a TC refrigeration. The Urban Fare Express store, planned by February 2014. From 2009 to 2011, which had already established aggressive goals for low temperature CO2 secondary system. In 2010, Japanese retailer Aeon opened 3 CO2 stores, and in the company installed two CO2 cascade systems in green operations in every area of its business, be- November 2011, Aeon made its frst public commit- California and Massachusetts. gan experimenting with CO2 refrigeration systems ment to use natural refrigerants. Aeon now has plans to introduce CO2 refrigeration systems in all of “The Warehouse” supermarket in Auckland. The new stores and to gradually convert Aeon’s 3,500 system uses propylene and CO2 and is the frst existing stores to natural refrigerants. The 2012 fs- New Zealand system to use CO2 for low tempera- cal year already saw the opening of 7 more CO2 ture cooling of display cabinets and cold rooms. stores. New Zealand supermarket chain Countdown uses CO2 refrigeration systems in several stores. In total, Tesco has installed 5 CO2 cascade stores in China, 6 around 40 supermarkets were equipped with CO2 in South Korea and 2 in Thailand. A further CO2 cas- cascade and secondary refrigeration in mid 2013. cade system was installed in a store in Singapore. In Japan, 4 CO2 cascade and secondary stores were New World in Devonport, part of the Foodstufs counted in mid 2013. Japanese retailer Lawson will supermarket chain, became the frst store in New in 2013 conduct a pilot project to build the frst Zealand operating with CO2 TC technology in CO2 convenience stores in Indonesia. The project, if 2012. Today, 2 CO2 TC stores are operated in New successful, will open the door to further R744 tech- Zealand. nology deployment in Lawson’s network of convenience stores in South East Asia. In Australia, 160 CO2 cascade and secondary stores were in operation in 2013. In 2008, Australian re- SOUTH AFRICA tailer Woolworths’ stated that all new stores would be Green Stores, using energy efcient building In South Africa, 17 stores are already equipped guidelines. As part of this commitment, Wool- worths’ focuses on HFC-free commercial refrigera- with CO2 TC systems, by retailers Woolworths and 64 Makro. They show leadership with a combined 17 tion and is investigating in diferent HFC-free concepts, including very small package CO2 systems stores using TC CO2 systems. Back in 2010, the Woolworths at the Palmyra Junction shopping cen- located at each frozen fxture, developed primarily tre in Claremont, Cape Town, was only the second for the smaller feet of stores. Currently, there are three such installations with another 2 planned store to install a CO2 refrigeration system. Today before the end of 2013. In addition, Woolworths Woolworths has at least 8 transcritical CO2 installations. Makro’s stores built after 2009 incorporate a was operating 100 hybrid systems using R134a for series of ‘green’ technologies, which include energy MT and CO2 for LT by the end of July 2013. efcient CO2 refrigeration. One of the newest CO2 installations in 2013 was the Amanzimtotu Makro TURKEY store. This store will also feature heat reclaim from the refrigeration system, which will be used to pro- In Turkey, Carrefour installed the country’s frst sub- duce hot water to control the temperature on the critical CO2 refrigeration system in a supermarket trading foor. in Istanbul. The Kurtköy-Millennium Carrefour Ex- press store was retroftted with a CO2 TC system in NEW ZEALAND & AUSTRALIA May 2012.

The frst cascade CO2 supermarket system in New Zealand was commissioned in 2006 by the owners 65 MAP OF CO2 TRANSCRITICAL & CO2 CASCADE/SECONDARY STORES WORLDWIDE IN 2013

DATA BY COUNTRY

Data taken into account for drafting the market maps is based on shecco’s continuous global research activities. While the COUNTRY CO2 TC STORES CO2 CASCADE/SECONDARY STORES below lists only indicate those companies that gave direct input, the total figures cover a significantly higher number of food retailers and suppliers. Argentina 1 Hauser GmbH Australia 1 160 SUPERMARKETS AEON Co., Ltd. Hafner-Muschler, Kälte- u. Brazil 1 40 Ahold Europe Klimatechnik Carrefour Hillphoenix Canada 65+ 12 Coop Switzerland Knudsen Køling A/S Coop Norway SCM Frigo China 5 Delhaize Group Space-Engineering Services FegroSelgros SSP Kälteplaner AG Colombia 3 Lawson, Inc. Veld Koeltechniek BV Europe (50+) 2.885 1.638 Metro AG Migros AG ASSOCIATIONS 67 Japan 129 4 Prodega/Growa Cash+Carry ARA - Australian Refrigera- Tesco tion Association New Zealand 2 40 Sonae (2012)

Singapore 1 SUPPLIERS South Africa 17 3 Advansor S/A Arneg s.p.a. South Korea 6 BITZER Compressores Ltda. Carel Thailand 2 Carnot Refrigeration Carrier Kältetechnik Turkey 1 2 Deutschland GmbH Commercial Refrigeration USA 2 102 Services Ltd. compact Kältetechnik Venezuela 2 Enex srl Epta s.p.a. Frigo-Consulting AG TOTAL 3.100+ 2.020+ Green & Cool 68 69 THE EUROPEAN MARKET TODAY & TOMORROW

EUROPEAN NATURAL REFRIGERANT SUPPLIER MAP & COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY 2013-2025

NATURAL REFRIGERANT SUPPLIER MAP NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY - COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY 2013-2025

Already today there are over 400 European companies working with natural In most refrigeration and air-conditioning sectors, natural refrigerants are al- refrigerants. System manufacturers, component suppliers, contractors, consul- ready commercially available to some extent and/or will be available with suf- tancies, engineering and many other businesses ofering natural refrigeration cient production capacities in all EU countries in the short-term. To provide sup- solutions are present not only in the North, but also in Southern European coun- pliers, end-users and policy-makers with an indication about the commercial tries. Germany (67), UK (55), Denmark (51), Italy (42), Switzerland (34), the Neth- availability of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment using natural refrig- erlands (26) and Spain (16) comprise the highest numbers of natural refrigera- erants, a table indicates their production capacity for a variety of sectors across tion businesses. the European Union, between today and 2025.

PAGE 71 PAGE 73 NATURAL REFRIGERANT SUPPLIER MAP & COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY UNTIL 2025 EUROPEAN SUPPLIERS MAP nated gases, to bans in applications where COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY 2013-2025 HFC-free solutions have become main- For the frst time, shecco has started collecting stream, and/or government incentive To provide policy-makers and other interested data about the availability of European-based sup- schemes for producers and end-users of natu- stakeholder groups with an answer about the com- pliers experienced in providing products and serv- ral working fuids. mercial availability of refrigeration and air- ices for natural refrigerants - a prerequisite for any conditioning equipment using natural refrigerants, rapid and efective market uptake across the inte- (2) The steady increase in suppliers with exper- shecco, with input from a large number of industry grated European Union market and beyond. tise on natural refrigerant solutions is also experts, put together a table indicating the level of constantly increasing competition levels and commercial availability for a variety of sectors in Today, and as an indicative fgure only, already is expected to further lead to growing R&D Europe between today and 2025. The table shows more than 400 European system manufacturers, into innovative solutions while at the same that in most refrigeration and air-conditioning sec- component suppliers, contractors, consultancies, time driving the cost down for HFC-free solu- tors, natural refrigerants are already commercially engineering and many other businesses are active tions. This is an important precondition for available to some extent and/or will be ready with in the feld of natural refrigerants. These compa- creating a level-playing feld for technology sufcient production capacities in all EU countries nies are present not only in the North, where natu- associated with, in some cases, still higher in the short to medium-term. ral refrigerant technology has made inroads in vari- initial costs as compared to HFC-based domi- ous application areas, but they are also increasing nant market ofers. Already today, various While several national markets in Europe’s refrigera- in numbers in traditionally strong markets for technologies and applications using natural tion and A/C sector are already moving in the direc- HVAC&R technology, such as Italy. refrigerants have reached similar or even tion of limiting f-gas use even without regulatory 71 lower capital and life cycle costs – a trend measures, European companies are asking for po- The 1st European Natural Refrigerant Suppliers that is expected to still increase with rising litical support to bring their innovative natural Map therefore provides evidence of three main direct (cost of substance) and indirect (vari- refrigerant-based solutions faster to market. Clear trends: ous, such as taxes, use restrictions, additional sector-specifc f-Gas bans would give the growing obligations) costs of f-gases. European natural refrigerant industry further cer- (1) The total number of companies experienced tainty and the impetus to become and remain tech- in the supply of natural refrigerant-based (3) As a result of greater activity in the natural nology leaders internationally. HFC bans are also technology solutions is constantly increasing refrigerant industry, technology is becoming considered a major driver for greater and faster in various parts of Europe. Southern or Cen- increasingly available for diferent applica- adoption of natural refrigerants, especially by tral European countries, where regulatory tions. While various applications have already smaller end-users. There is still a signifcant poten- frameworks driving the adoption of HFC-free switched to HFC-free solutions, such as do- tial for broader scale adoption of natural refriger- technologies have not been as stringent as, mestic refrigeration and in large parts indus- ants, as far as smaller end-users are concerned, for example, in Scandinavian or Western Euro- trial refrigeration, other sectors will become who unlike larger food retailers typically do not pean countries, would also beneft from increasingly interesting in the foreseeable have sustainability strategies. This is the case for more ambitious support for companies in- future. Among them commercial refrigera- example for plug-in refrigeration equipment used vesting in more sustainable refrigerant solution and various applications of heat pumps, at kiosks, and on premise accounts (bars, restau- tions. This can take various forms, ranging to name just two. rants, hotels). from taxation and charge limits for fuori- NATURAL REFRIGERANT SUPPLIER MAP EUROPE 2013

DATA BY COUNTRY

These figures are based on a 2013 analysis of leading component and system suppliers, contractors and service providers. More details about the companies mentioned can be found in the business directory at the end of this GUIDE. If your organisation is missing please send an email to [email protected] NATURAL REFRIGERANT COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY 2013-2025

Commercially available across REFRIGERATION TODAY 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025 the EU with sufcient production capacity Domestic Refrigeration

Stand-alone units Semi commercially available (low volume production) Condensing units 2018

Centralised systems Not yet commercialy available (R&D / demonstraction pro- Small industrial refrigeration jects)

Large industrial refrigeration

Road transport refrigeration 2017 Container refrigeration 2017 73

AIR-CONDITIONING TODAY 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025

Movable room A/C

Split A/C 2018

Multisplit / VRF A/C

Rooftop A/C

Displacement chillers

Centrifugal chillers 2018

Heat pump water heaters 2016

Heat pumps for space and water heating 2018

A/C in cargo ships POLICY

EUROPEAN & NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES NATIONAL POLICIES

Laws, standards and rules are among the decisive factors for building a prosper- Besides measures imposed at the supra-national level (e.g. EU), individual coun- ous business around natural refrigerants within a framework of investment secu- tries have set ambitious targets to either phase out HFCs and/or promote natu- rity and joint leadership. This chapter provides an overview of selected policy ral refrigerants directly at the national or regional level. This chapter discusses initiatives in Europe that have an impact on the HVAC&R industry in general best practice policy initiatives at the national level in selected European coun- and the uptake of natural refrigerants in particular. The impact of the initiatives tries, and provides an example of one national regulation restricting the use of is assessed and visualised using four criteria. natural refrigerants.

PAGE 75 PAGE 83 EU POLICIES: NATURAL REFRIGERANTS, VISION & ENFORCEABILITY INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY AWARENESS & PSYCHOLOGY: This criterion investigates if and how information and awareness This section provides an overview of selected pol- -raising campaigns, Business-to-Consumer and icy initiatives in Europe that have an impact on the Government-to-Consumer elements are strength- HVAC&R industry in general and the uptake of ened to address misconceptions about natural re- natural refrigerants in particular. Best practice pol- frigerants within the industry and amongst the icy initiatives at the national level in two European wider public. countries are also discussed, and an example is given of one national regulation restricting the use ECONOMY & COSTS: Direct or indirect sup- of natural refrigerants. port for non-fuorinated gases is one of the most important measures to accelerate the deployment The impact of the initiatives is assessed using four of natural refrigerant solutions. This criterion looks criteria. The individual legislation is rated based on at the efectiveness of incentive-based measures the infuence it has on the uptake of natural refrig- (taxes, subsidies, marketable trading permits, erants. The indicators selected are training & know- funding/grants) or command-and-control meas- how, technology & safety, awareness & psychology, ures (standards) in reducing price gaps. and economy & costs – representing four of the most challenging areas with infuence on a widespread use of natural refrigerants. The rating of 75 each criterion ranges from 0 (no impact) to 4 (high impact):

TRAINING & KNOW-HOW: This criterion analyses how the legislation afects the development of necessary skills to handle natural refrigerants (directly or indirectly), including certifcation for the manufacturing, supply, commissioning, installation, maintenance / monitoring and decom- missioning of HFC-free systems.

TECHNOLOGY & SAFETY: This criterion looks at how the policy initiative afects the availability, durability, reliability, safety, efciency and cost- efectiveness of production processes, materials, refrigerants, servicing and disposal infrastructures, and components & systems. EU POLICIES: MAC DIRECTIVE & F-GAS REGULATION REVIEW

IMPACT ANALYSIS

MAC DIRECTIVE F-GAS REGULATION REVIEW

The MAC Directive has established a precedent in The existing EU Regulation on fuorinated gases re- setting a maximum allowable Global Warming Poten- lies primarily on containment and recovery meas- tial (GWP) value (calculated over 100 years) of below ures to prevent hydrofuorocarbon (HFC) emissions 150 that refrigerants used in mobile air conditioning from the HVAC&R sector. However, currently under (MAC) may not surpass. It has driven interest in the review, the new legislation is expected to add more development and optimisation of MAC systems and rigorous measures on fuorinated gases in the future, components suitable for use with low-GWP natural including a step-wise phase-down of HFCs, bans on refrigerant CO2. A recent commitment of a German f-gases in new equipment in certain sectors, and carmaker to develop a CO2 MAC system and start its strengthened containment and recovery measures. introduction by 2016, has renewed interest in CO2 for this application. EU POLICIES: MAC DIRECTIVE & F-GAS REGULATION REVIEW MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING (MAC) The European Commission and the German ant, the Regulation’s overall objective is to lower DIRECTIVE authorities continue investigating safety risks asso- emissions of fuorinated gases. ciated with the chemical refrigerant and the confor- mity of the manufacturer with the obligations of Already the 2006 Regulation made the use of f- Adopted in 2006, the MAC Directive (Directive the MAC Directive. Given that the mechanism to gases more burdensome, yet the greatest impetus 2006/40/EC relating to emissions from air- implement the Directive is based on the type ap- for the development of natural refrigerant based conditioning systems in motor vehicles) bans MAC proval procedure at national level, some manufac- solutions was probably the interpretation of the systems working with fuorinated GHGs with a turers have been able to avoid the obligations of Regulation by the industry as a prognosis of even Global Warming Potential (GWP) higher than 150, the frst implementation phase by producing vehi- stricter f-gas rules in the future: In light of the for new types of vehicles since 2011, and for all cles under an extension of a previous type ap- stricter requirements anticipated in the future, sev- new vehicles as of 2017. The ban therefore covers proval. eral manufacturers of refrigeration and air- the most commonly used refrigerant, HFC134a conditioning equipment have been since several (GWP = 1,430). With the automotive sector seeking Even though the future of the MAC Directive is un- years working on R&D and investing in natural re- a global solution for their MACs, EU manufacturers clear at the moment, the recent developments frigerants to insure against future strengthening of had announced that they would be using a next have put CO2 back on the ‘MAC scene’ and the re- the Regulation and potential use and placing on generation chemical refrigerant with low GWP to newed interest has already triggered a lot of activ- the market restrictions. meet the requirements of the Directive. ity in the market amongst system manufacturers and component suppliers. Many have recognised Indeed, the interpretation was correct, a report as- However, after tests by a German car manufacturer the opportunity to put CO2 MAC solutions, devel- sessing the efectiveness of the 2006 Regulation 77 revealed potential safety risks posed by the chosen oped after public commitments of German carmak- concluded that more action is required in address- low-GWP refrigerant in September 2012, a leading ers to CO2 in 2007 and 2008, back on the shelves ing HFC emissions, if the EU is to meet its long- OEM decided to make a U-turn and announced its and continue developing the technology. Natural term emissions reduction targets (European Com- commitment to developing CO2 technology as a refrigerant CO2 has also been seen as a good candi- mission, 2011). “sustainable and safe solution”. The OEM claims to date to cover both heating and cooling needs for be working towards introducing CO2 MAC in its electric vehicles, which are to gain market share in The F-Gas Regulation is currently undergoing a new feet by 2017, in time for complying with the the EU and worldwide. revision: The European Commission published a second implementation phase of the Directive, proposal for a new EU F-Gas Regulation in Novem- and has already several supplier contracts signed F-GAS REGULATION REVIEW ber 2012, kick-starting discussions and negotia- for the purpose. tions on the future legislation among the EU institutions. Key elements of the proposal included Less than a year after its renewed commitment to To address the issue of emissions related to the use of HFCs, the EU F-Gas Regulation (Regulation No amongst other, an HFC phase-down mechanism using CO2 as a refrigerant in new MAC systems, the involving a gradually declining cap on the total OEM has launched its frst three prototypes reliant 842/2006 on certain fuorinated greenhouse gases) placement of bulk HFCs (in tonnes of CO2 equiva- on the natural refrigerant. Another German car has been in place since June 2006. By means of provisions on prevention and reduction of leakages of lent), placing on the market prohibitions on HFCs manufacturer is said to have prototypes under de- in new equipment in some sectors, certifcation velopment and plans to have some series f-gases such as hydrofuorocarbons (HFCs) especially in systems containing 3kg or more of refriger- and training provisions for handling not only fuori- equipped with CO2 already in 2016. nated gases, but also replacement technologies. In December 2013, and after several rounds of ne- refrigeration systems (as of 2020 for virgin HFCs, as gotiations, the EU institutions reached an informal of 2030 for reclaimed or recycled HFCs), bringing agreement on the future F-Gas Regulation. The essentially an end to the use of R404A in the refrig- agreement is expected to be ofcially endorsed by eration sector. the EU institutions in the frst half of 2014, the fnal Regulation to be published in the EU’s Ofcial Jour- Overall, the rules on the use of HFCs are about to nal in summer 2014, and to enter into force in Janu- be tightened in the EU, creating more of a level ary 2015. playing feld between conventional and natural refrigerant technologies. Commercial refrigeration is the sector for which the informal agreement entails the strongest signals, in terms of placing on the market prohibitions (bans) of HFCs in new equipment. The informal agreement foresees the following HFC bans:

• Ban on HFCs with GWP ≥ 150 in domestic refrigeration as of 2015 • Ban on HFCs with GWP ≥ 150 in hermetically sealed commercial refrigeration equipment as of 2022 • Ban on HFCs with GWP ≥ 150 in centralised commercial refrigeration systems with a capacity of 78 40kW or more as of 2022, except in the primary refrigerant circuit of cascade systems where HFCs with a GWP < 1,500 will still be allowed • Ban on HFCs with GWP ≥ 150 in movable room air-conditioning appliances as of 2020 • Ban on HFCs with GWP ≥ 750 in small single split air-conditioning systems (containing less than 3kg of f-gases)

Besides HFC bans in the aforementioned sub- sectors, a HFC phase-down - a gradually declining “cap” on bulk HFCs placed on the EU market ex- pressed in CO2 equivalent - of 79% by 2030, as origi- nally proposed by the European Commission, will be a key part of the new Regulation.

Moreover, HFCs with GWP ≥ 2,500 will not be permitted neither in new stationary refrigeration equipment as of 2020, nor for the servicing of large 79 EU POLICIES: HCFC PHASE-OUT, ECODESIGN & ECOLABEL

IMPACT ANALYSIS

HCFC PHASE-OUT IN THE EU ECODESIGN FOR AIR CONDITIONERS & EU ECOLABEL HEAT PUMPS The recast of the EU Regulation on ozone depleting Products that are awarded the voluntary European substances in 2009 accelerated the HCFC phase-out With Ecodesign aimed at improving overall environ- Ecolabel allow users to identify products and serv- schedule by placing a complete ban on using HCFCs mental performance of products, the Ecodesign ices that are kinder to the environment. Minimum (both “virgin” or “recycled”) by 2015, enhancing there- Regulation for room air conditioners establishes a energy efciency requirements for awarding the fore the urgency to replace HCFC equipment/plants. 10% incentive in terms of lowered minimum energy heat pump Ecolabel are easier to meet for products Some entities seek to leapfrog HFCs, especially in efciency requirements for products using refriger- that use a refrigerant with GWP <150. EU Ecolabel equipment with a long lifetime and vast refrigerant ants with GWP ≤150. Recently adopted Ecodesign and Green Public Procurement (GPP) criteria are cur- inventories. regulations for space and water heating heat pumps rently being developed for water-based (hydronic) stipulate that such measures be assessed during the central heating products with refrigerant-related re- regulations’ review in 2018 the latest. quirements being considered under the proposal. EU POLICIES: HCFC PHASE-OUT, ECODESIGN & ECOLABEL HCFC PHASE-OUT IN THE EU placement technologies in many applications. precedent in recognising the contribution of refrig- Nonetheless, the recast regulation, which brought erants in the environmental footprint of products Regulation No 1005/2009 on substances that de- forward the HCFC phase out in the EU, has been by providing a bonus in energy efciency require- plete the ozone layer is the legal instrument in the one of the reasons why several companies have ments for products using refrigerants with a Global European Union that sets out the HCFC phase-out been looking into natural refrigerants as future Warming Potential (GWP) below 150. However, the schedule in its member countries. Accordingly, the proof replacements, developing products, enhanc- measure is an incentive not a requirement and has use of HCFCs in new equipment has been banned ing safety and reliability and reducing their costs. somewhat poor visibility, as it is not respected on in Europe since early 2000. Since January 2010, vir- In combination with the fact that, in the meantime the corresponding energy label. gin HCFCs have been banned in the maintaining & (2006), the F-Gas Regulation was introduced, the servicing of existing systems, while at the same recast regulation has enhanced the urgency to re- Whilst similar measures have not been included in time a total ban on the supply of virgin HCFCs took place HCFC equipment/ plants with forward- the recently adopted Ecodesign regulations for efect. Reclaimed or recycled HCFCs can be used to looking entities seeking to leapfrog HFCs, espe- space and water heat pump heaters, the review service or maintain equipment until 2015. After cially in applications for which equipment has a clauses specify that the appropriateness of setting this date, the European Union does not allow the long lifetime and where HCFCs are still widely in requirements related to direct emissions from re- use of ozone depleting substances any more, use (e.g. industrial refrigeration plant stock). frigerants will be looked at in the process of regula- which means that plants/equipment with HCFCs tions recast by 2018. can only continue running for as long as they do The EU legislation has not only been efective in not need topping up, and after this point they controlling ozone-depleting substances, but also Similar opportunities for introducing low-GWP bo- would either need to stop operating or be re- acted as a driver for the development of innovative nuses could arise for several other refrigerant con- 81 placed. technologies (e.g. chillers with ammonia charge as taining product categories that are currently being low as 0,1kg per kW capacity). discussed under the Ecodesign, including commer- Many users with multiple systems have planned a cial & professional refrigeration and tertiary air con- replacement strategy to conserve their stock of ECODESIGN FOR AIR CONDITIONERS & ditioning. Overall, there is a large potential for ad- HCFC-22 refrigerant, setting priorities for which HEAT PUMPS vantageous requirements for naturals refrigerants system to replace or convert frst by considering in Ecodesign regulations currently being revised or when regulations are reviewed (typically within 5 the age of the plant, likelihood of leakage and ease Ecodesign rules consider the environmental im- years after entry into force). of conversion (RTOC, 2010). pact of energy-using products throughout their entire life-cycle. Products not meeting certain re- Implementing retrofts and replacements of HCFC quirements will not be allowed on the EU market. EU ECOLABEL industrial refrigeration equipment, for example, Under the life-cycle approach, direct emissions ofers replacement options ranging from hydro- from the refrigerant are also taken into account. The EU Ecolabel is a voluntary scheme established fuorocarbons (HFCs) to natural refrigerants like However, existing regulations and those under de- in 1992 (and revised in 2009) to encourage busi- ammonia and carbon dioxide. With the complete velopment currently focus mainly on efciency. nesses to market products and services that are HCFC phase out coming up in 2015, some compa- kinder to the environment. Products and services nies are proposing natural refrigerant solutions as An exception is the Ecodesign regulation for room awarded the Ecolabel carry the fower logo, allow- long-term replacements to their customers. Of air conditioners (Commission Regulation imple- ing consumers – including public and private pur- course, HFCs are also often proposed as the re- menting Directive 2009/125/EC), which has set a chasers - to identify them easily. Producers fnd that the label gives them a competitive advantage.

Today, the EU Ecolabel covers a wide range of products and services, with further groups being con- tinuously added. The environmental criteria be- hind the EU Ecolabel are agreed at the European level based on life-cycle analysis. The label itself is only awarded after verifcation that the product meets these environmental and performance standards.

HVAC&R related product groups for which award criteria have been established include heat pumps, (both electric and gas heat-pumps with a maximum heating capacity of 100 kW but not heat pumps that can only provide domestic hot water for sanitary use). Current criteria for awarding the heat pump ecolabel are valid until 31 October 2014. With regards to the refrigerant used, the decision requires that its global warming potential (GWP) does not exceed a GWP value > 2,000 over a 82 100 year period. If the refrigerant has a GWP of less than 150, then the minimum requirements of the coefcient of performance (COP) and primary energy ratio (PER) in heating mode and the energy efciency ratio (EER) in cooling mode shall be reduced by 15%.

Other HVAC&R product groups for which EU Ecola- bel and Green Public Procurement (GPP) criteria (efciency, greenhouse gas emissions, refrigerant etc.) are currently under development include water-based (hydronic) central heaters (up to 400 kW). There will be one label for all diferent types of generators, with oil generators having a disad- vantage (high emissions) and heat pumps, on the other hand, having an advantage in meeting the award requirements. The draft Ecolabel includes a refrigerant criterion requiring the use of refrigerants with GWP below 2,000. NATIONAL POLICIES: LEADERS, FOLLOWERS & LAGGARDS

Besides measures imposed on the supra-national is an indication of strong confdence in the avail- Federal Ofce of Economics and Export Control level (e.g. EU), individual countries have set ambi- ability of HFC alternatives in a number of large ca- (BAFA) has deployed this programme, which has tious targets to either phase out HFCs and/or pro- pacity sub-sectors and of the leadership of the been substantially amended as of January 2014. mote natural refrigerants directly at the national or Swiss industry in HFC-free technology. Moreover, The scheme provides investment grants for natural regional level. At the other end of the spectrum, the amended Swiss regulation provides for the pos- refrigerants in commercial and industrial refrigera- some national rules continue to pose a major hur- sibility of making case-by-case exemptions, which tion & AC in existing and new plants for: 1) com- dle for the NR industry due to inappropriate greatly adds to the degree of fexibility of these pression refrigeration systems with 5 to 150 kW of charge restrictions or system bans. The following bans. electrical power; 2) compression air conditioners provides just a glimpse of three countries – 1 with 10 to 150kW of electrical power; and 3) sorp- leader, 1 follower and 1 laggard in the feld of natu- The result for NR: The HFC bans that have come tion systems with 5 to 500 kW cooling capacity. In ral refrigerants – with diferent approaches to a into force at the end of 2013 have already given a 2012, BAFA granted authorisation for 211 plants natural refrigerants market uptake. strong signal to end users and system manufactur- and disbursed grants in total value of €15 million. ers, which has been visible especially in the sector As a result, 45% average energy savings have been SWITZERLAND of commercial refrigeration, where CO2 has practi- achieved by the subsidised plants. cally become a standard for Swiss retailers. Following the example of Denmark which has man- The result for NR: The use of natural refrigerants aged to signifcantly reduce the use of fuorinated GERMANY is a requirement for new plants receiving funding, gases as a result of its national policies introduced while for the refurbishment of existing plants, a in 2001 and 2002, another European country intro- Germany’s initiatives beyond the EU F-Gas Regula- higher investment grant level can be claimed for 83 duced bans on synthetic refrigerants in new equip- tion include projects supported under the National the use of HFC-free refrigerants. The funding pro- ment in 2012. Switzerland amended its national f- Climate Initiative (NCI) and the International Cli- gramme has thus provided stimulus for the deploy- gas legislation and has introduced bans on HFCs in mate Initiative (ICI), funding for R&D and pilot pro- ment of natural refrigerants, and especially natural certain applications as of December 2013. The jects related to the use of halogen-free substances, refrigerant CO2 in the German retail sector, as con- amended Swiss Ordinance on Chemical Risk Reduc- the promotional programme for climate protection frmed by several manufacturers. However, rele- tion (ORRChem) introduces HFC bans in medium measures in the feld of commercial refrigeration vant players state that funding opportunities are and large capacity stationary applications, includ- and the German Refrigeration Award, which has so somewhat modest as only end users have the op- ing 1) air-conditioning (cooling capacity >600kW), far recognised several HVAC&R natural refrigerant tion to apply for it, thus providing no strong incen- 2) commercial refrigeration (cooling capacity products. tive to suppliers. Also, at the international level, the >40kW for plus cooling and >30kW for minus cool- International Climate Initiative (ICI) has been sup- ing; >8kW for minus cooling if it is a combined plus The National Climate Initiative, in particular, sup- porting projects in developing countries, emerging & minus system), 3) industrial refrigeration systems ports investment in more efcient and innovative economies and transition countries since 2008. (cooling capacity >400kW; 100kW for deep freez- technologies by the German industry. One exam- Funded projects include HVAC&R production plant ing) and 4) ice rinks. ple is the Climate Protection Incentive Programme conversions to natural refrigerants or facilitating for refrigeration plants, which seeks to reap the po- the development and introduction of standards for natural refrigerants. These bans were agreed together with industry, tential for savings in costs, energy and CO2 emis- which decided for itself the list of sub-sectors that sions by deploying innovative refrigeration tech- bans apply to and the related capacities (kW). This nologies available on the market. Since 2008, the FRANCE HFCs are expected to be widely phased in as HCFC replacements. A French decree forbids the use of fammable refrigerants, including hydrocarbon refrigerants, in premises to which the public has access, such as supermarkets (Arrêté du 14 février 2000 — Etablis- sements recevant du Public, Article CH 35: Produc- tion, transport et utilisation du froid). The same decree allows for the use of ammonia in premises with public access only if the following conditions are met simultaneously: 1) it is used in an indirect system; 2) the ammonia refrigeration system is located in a separate machine room; and 3) the total amount of ammonia in a facility is limited to 150kg. This seems to have encouraged the continuation of HCFC use in the country at a larger scale than other countries in Europe. However, operators of facilities with public access will soon be facing the 2015 deadline, whereby they will not be able to top up their refrigeration systems with reclaimed or recycled HCFCs anymore and will soon after be 84 expected to shift away from their use.

At the same time, on a recommendation of the Committee on Environmental taxation, the French government has indicated that it might be considering the introduction of a tax on fuorinated gases.

The result for NR: While regulatory restrictions render the use of traditional direct expansion ammonia systems in France very difcult, indirect ammonia systems with CO2 secondary refrigerant could satisfy the regulatory conditions specifed in French regulations: that ammonia is restricted in a plant room, that the system is an indirect one, and that the ammonia charge can be limited to 50-100 kg. However, with hydrocarbons completely out of the picture and limitations on the use of ammonia, CASE STUDIES 85

Real-life examples of successfully working technologies are the strongest argu- Integral solution at a SPAR store; a seafood processing and cold storage plant us- ments for spreading innovative solutions, engaging legislators and convincing ing Danfoss components for its NH3/CO2 cascade system; DSI’s plate freezers in a end-users. From the multitude of existing natural refrigerant-based systems, this fsh processing plant; a highly efcient ammonia heat pump concept developed section presents a selection of outstanding examples, covering commercial and by the Danish Technological Institute; a feld test of a new CO2 transcritical com- industrial heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration solutions. pressor by Emerson Climate Technologies in collaboration with Green & Cool; GEA Bock’s CO2 compressors in a Swiss supermarket and meat-processing plant, Examples cover suppliers based and/or active in Europe including: Advansor’s Mayekawa’s NH3 Heat Pump for a meat factory in Germany; and SINTEF Energy transcritical CO2 booster system - compSUPER Sigma –installed for retailer Coop; Research’s involvement in the design of a Norwegian grocery store using a fully Alfa Laval's CO2 refrigeration systems for retailer S-Market; Carrier´s CO2OLtec integrated ventilation, cooling and heating system with natural refrigerants. INTEGRATED CO ! [email protected] TorbenHansen M. CONTACT INFORMATION operating 950 than CO using systems more with leader emis- world gas a As greenhouse sions. to related restrictions meet nies compa- global help and customers for reductions cost ing operat- provide expertise and products Advansor’s erants. refrig- natural utilise that systems pump heat and eration refrig- sustainable sells and produces develops, Advansor ABOUT THECOMPANY [email protected] andwww.advansor.dk informationMore at: Denmark. deliver in systems globally from itsfactory 2 BOOSTER HIGH-EFFICIENCYCOOLING, FOR HEATING ANDAIRCONDITIONING 2 as a refrigerant, Advansor continues to continues Advansor refrigerant, a as compSUPER*SIGMA by and simultaneous needs of a any supermarket, utilizing only one natural refrigerant - CO - refrigerant natural one only utilizing supermarket, any a of needs simultaneous and o by solutions refrigeration native alter- of range the renewed has installation The solutions. traditional to compared savings construction and energy both accommodating while customer the by every acquired integrates property which - Sigma compSUPER the - Advansor by system developed newly Advansor provided two identical transcritical CO transcritical identical two provided Advansor ABOUT THESYSTEM CO a of supplier as chosen was Advansor e operating system optimum through possible as low as cost operating and consumption power keeping while is This respectively. AC, for water +7°C and water tap +60°C of tion produc- requiring covered, be to needed (AC) conditioning air and production heat both Furthermore, respectively. 56kW@-38°C, and 154kW@-7°C of capacities cooling requiring temperature, low and temperature medium at stored and displayed products keeping for conse- and environment the on Coop’simprove impact quently pro minimal with system a provide to was goal The refrigerants (https://www.coop.se). one of reduction a pursue to erants refrig- natural using on relied heavily decision the gasses, greenhouse of emissions cutting through 2020 by neutral climate becoming of goals and strategy climate generalCoop’s e cost and environmental friendly apply Coop,towanted chain, supermarket major Swedish INTRODUCTION sors). Each system hereby included a compressor con compressor a included herebysystem Each sors). modi was group LT-suction compres-(parallel stage and intermediate the with connection in compressors adding by MT-partly a of consisting design booster traditional The onto astrong ande implemented been has developments new systems, conceptoperating 950 system than more baseline by proven own our cooled utilizing While system. air controller including board an cal including electri- and packs, equipment safety receivers, liquid system, management full oil compressors, with two fully design rack single a The on based each were plant, systems. each for cooler condenser/gas redundant applying for nity (R744). (R744).

f f ciency. city the Tocksfors,in supermarket on build newly Based a refrigerationSweden.tocient f cient baselineconcept. f tability on this store. The store requirements included a need a included requirementsstore store. The this on tability f ering a single plant design applicable to the di the to applicable design plant single a ering f fth of Coop’s emission sources which are based on based are which sources Coop’semission of fth 2 solution, and the Coop supermarket received a received supermarket Coop the and solution, 2 booster systems, enabling the opportu- the enabling systems, booster f guration of 3 LT-compressors,3 MT-of guration 3 f f erent tted f ed 2

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CASE STUDY88 where longgascoolers canbepressure testedItaly, with172bar. Alonte, in site manufacturing its at built has Laval Alfa that bunker isolated the to points However pressures.Viikilä high its been always has back draw its but pacities,” ca- exact secure to which with programs design created then and units certain tested we products, our for quality possible highest the guarantee to order “In RESULTS S-Market’s freezingstalled in or-4to room -0.4°F). (-20to -18°C e high-energy while the samefootprint astheprevious series. makesiteasytoThis installandconnect, e highly new a with design clever single perfect the is CC Optigo CC Optigo three or35.6-39.2°F). coolers intheterminal area (2-4°C as well as 42.8-46.4°F), or (6-8°C roomcold vegetable and fruit 37.4-41°F), or (3-5°C room cold ready-food 32-35.6°F), or (0-2°C room cold chicken 32-35.6°F), or (0-2°C the in cooler CD Optigo one of consists system cooling S-Market’s is model CD the line, product guidelinesfor food safety.easy to installandcleanfollowsHACCP Optigo Laval Alfa the in products other the with air double provides CD air Optigo increased the demands activity high where rooms freezing and cooling For CD Optigo as an Viiä Cro doie a go ha ecagn ability, exchanging heat good has dioxide Carbon Viikilä. Hannu says f

CASE STUDYin- been has CC Optigo An costs. lifecycle low gives ciency f ux choice for larger-volume applications. It has a has It applications. larger-volume for choice ux f cient coil (for reduced refrigerant content) and content)refrigerant reduced (for coil cient f ow, but low air velocity and noise levels. As As levels. noise and velocity air low but ow, f sh cold room cold sh f ow, to the correct CO committed strongly was team development global our and pressures different and theory combine praxis,” to ability the is strength clear our that say proudly can “I frills.” rewardingto environmentR&D our see wants also that partner our ofall with its is it dioxide, carbon likerefrigerant challenging a such fer.with operating When of- can we solutions sustainable and new the to openness Norpe’sappreciate “I the to needs fulfill smallest detail.” to ready are and needs customers’ in interested honestly solu- cooling theythatsayare can closeI ofco-operation years many After admirable. is tions friendly environmentally new, to commitment high Laval’s “Alfa SUMMARY came as agreed, and there were no surprises during the pressure and leak tests, November installation 2012. in outafter carried Norpe which leak “ and pressure the during surprises no were there and agreed, as came signi any meet not did project the Silvan, to According high as well technical know-how of onthepart AlfaLaval’s as contact persons.” language, native our in service quick the appreciate also “We nent supplier,” compo- experienced and reliable a have to importance great of was it contractor supermarkets. including environments, refrigeration challenging concerning list reference long a has Laval Alfa that knows also Norpe

- Hannu Viikilä, Segment Manager,Nordic. Laval Segment Hannu Alfa - Viikilä, adds Hannu Viikilä. Viikilä. Hannu adds states Lasse Silvan, project engineer project fromNorpe. Silvan, statesLasse - 2 calculation methods.” Lasse Silvan, Project Engineer,Project Finland. Silvan, Norpe Lasse “We are able to show how carbon dioxide reacts at reacts dioxide carbon how show to able are “We “For us as an installer and installer an as us “For f cant challenges. Supplies Supplies challenges. cant 89 CO 2 -POWERED SOLUTIONTO COMBINE-POWERED REFRIGERATION, HEATING &SPACE COOLING REALRESULTS FOR [email protected] Brouwers Christoph CONTACT INFORMATION www.carrier-refrigeration.com www.carrier.com informationMore at: United ness divisionof TechnologiesCorp. busi- a Security, & Controls Climate, retailing. UTC of part food is Carrier and transport refrigeration, commercial buildings, residential of areas the in services energy and energy-e o Carrier refrigera- engineering. and tion conditioning air heating, for solutions cal techni- advanced of provider world’sleading the is Carrier ABOUT THECOMPANY f in pout, ulig oto engineering control building products, cient f r ssanbe ouin for solutions sustainable ers rier’s CO rier’s Car- industry. retail food the in refrigerants natural of deployment broader for ket mar- to solutions new bring to continues team engineering Carrier’s consumption, energy and footprint carbon their reduce further customers its help to Committed systems, incold to moderate climates. e energy average achieve created during the refrigeration process is collected by the CO the by collected is process refrigeration the during created CO cal h cnrl CO central The stor- sales, age andsta the for capacity heating necessary the deliver to reused and unit door refrigeration, space heating andcooling, ment are powered by a transcritical CO transcritical a by powered equip- are freezing ment and cooling of pieces all sqm, 400 almost of area sales the Across combines refrigeration, heating, cooling, ventilation andlighting. CO Carrier´s ABOUT THESYSTEM CO the Europe, in stores 100 than more in installed Already CO installed the of studies Ongoing CO sound accrued has Refrigeration Commercial Carrier INTRODUCTION edd b peaig od ae ad itiuig t i te yrui sses to systems hydraulic various consumer points, suchasthecentral airhandlingunit. the via it distributing and water cold preparing by needed, was thepreferredSPAR choice ofthe group forSwitzerland. itsstore Schüpfen, in of its innovative CO innovative its of foodinstallations transcritical 660 than morecounts customers. retailcompanynow largestThe the with cooperation close in decades, two last the over experience 2 refrigeration systems forEuropean food retailers basis. onaturnkey 2 OLtec Integral system provides a fully integrated approach for the store’sthe for approach integrated fully a provides system Integral OLtec f 2 areas for thewholestore year round. Le Itga slto a te PR tr i Shpe, Switzerland Schüpfen, in store SPAR the at solution Integral OLtec 2 Le Itga otor nt eue coig f h soe when store the of cooling secures unit outdoor Integral OLtec 2 OLtec® system, making Carrier a leader in deploying transcriti- deploying in leader a Carrier making system, OLtec® f ciency gains of 10 % over traditional HFC refrigeration HFC traditional over % 10 of gains ciency 2 OLtec systems demonstrate that food retailersfood that demonstratesystems OLtec 2

using thenatural refrigerantCO booster refrigeration system. Waste heat Waste system. refrigeration booster 2 refrigeration technology refrigeration 2 OLtec Integral system Integral OLtec 2 OLtec Integral out- Integral OLtec 2 .

CASE STUDY90 tion and service for all system components of the commercial refrigeration, heat- refrigeration, commercial the of components system all for service and tion installa- purchasing, for contact of point single a with operations, its streamlining by gains measurable achieve to expects supermarket the solution, Carrier’s With RESULTS ciency. e possible best the with another one with interact and sys-integrated fully are tems various the that ensures that system management building higher-level of the intelligence the and subsections various of interfaces the of interaction mum e The ing theairat therequired temperature level viathecentral airhandlingunit. e aisle “coldthe eliminate to helping thus multidecks, open the of front in space the from air cold the exhausts feature system additional An ing, cooling, ventilation andlighting. f CASEopti- the by primarily determined is concept integrated fully the of ciency STUDY f ect”, and redistribut- ect”,and f - With the CO the With thatCO comes withusing o solution the Lastly, fuels. fossil of usage local the and system boiler gas heating conventional a for need the to eliminate storecompletely SPAR the allows refrigeration with heating space and water Combining refrigerationon aconventional andgasheating system.R404A based one to comparison in footprint carbon system´s the in percentreduction 50 system’spercentoverthe 30 to up of savingscost onstratedenergy a lifecycle,and rn i sial fr vr apiain Fr ute ifrain bu CO about information further For application. every for suitable is erant refrig- every not but application, every for solution refrigerant right the has Carrier visit www.carrier-refrigeration.com 2 OLtec Integral system, the supermarket can take advantage of dem- of advantage take can supermarket the system, Integral OLtec 2 asarefrigerant. . f ers the future-proof security security future-proof the ers 2 OLtec, OLtec, 91 DANFOSS SECURES A MAJOR DESIGN WIN FOR A LANDMARK CO ALANDMARK DESIGNWINFOR DANFOSS SECURESAMAJOR [email protected] Dahlgaard Carsten CONTACT INFORMATION www.danfoss.com informationMore at: compressors sensors. andelectronic controls,automatic on specialized is division conditioning Air and Refrigeration Its Controls. Motion & Waterand ing Heat- Conditioning, Air compa- & Danish Refrigeration in: largest operating nies, the of one is group Danfoss The ABOUT THECOMPANY

aey n eeg svns ee lo ao pirte fr hs rjc. ih only With project. this for km priorities 14.36 major also were savings energy and Safety this project. CO landmark a in applied extensively were valves quality products. quality ment, and e and ment, seafood combines It processing group.coldand storage.comprehensively After consideringsafety, environ-the Island Zhangzi Dalian of centre processing seafood constructed newly the is ship, large a resembles say many that building, This tion. grab largea Island, yoursilver certainly atten-will building Zhangzi the Overlooking ofenvironment.type this in well very growproducts, all Yezoabalone,main Threeand trepang, scallops, bank"."seabed a as to referred often is it that creatures, marine many areaso are cultivation there the of bottom the At sea. the into ap- seeds distributes million 100 Island proximately Zhangzi Dalian year, Every pollution-free. and green ganic, or- as recognized widely are products Island's Zhangzi seafood. quality high yields technology,bottom-breeding with combined which aquaculture, for suited well is island the of environment natural The pollution. from free and continent the from miles nautical 56 YellowSea, the of end north the in located is Island Zhangzi The Group. Fishery Island lop &seacucumberprocessingZhangzi centreDalian ofthe sad s oae i te oten hn Caghn sad i te la and clean the CO and in (R717) ammonia refrigerants Islands friendly Changshan environmentally- the protection, China environment of sake southern the For area. pollution-free the in located is Island Zhangzi environmentsincethe protect to was objective major one project, Forthis ABOUT THESYSTEM ne Flexli- ICF called refrigeration, industrial for station valve winning award Danfoss‘s INTRODUCTION ooridsr edn CO leading industry our to due supplier valve the as selected subsequently was Danfoss project. this for ant TM , recently achieved a major milestone in China. The whole Flexline whole The China. in milestone major a achieved recently , 2 , the Zhangzi Island is highly concentrated and populated. Safety of the of Safety populated. and concentrated highly is Island Zhangzi the , f ciency, the Zhangzi Island group decided to use CO use to decided group Island Zhangzi the ciency, 2 REFRIGERATION PROJECT INCHINA 2 tcnlg,vs xeinewt CO with experience vast technology, 2 (R744) were chosen to be used for used be to chosen were (R744) 2 refrigeration project at the scal- the at project refrigeration 2 2 and our high- our and as the refriger- the as TM family of family

CASE STUDY92 f hnz Iln gop h cl soae ln uiie a CO a utilizes plant storage cold The group. Island Zhangzi of refrigerationthe antof inside control room, satisfyingsafetyfully the requirements • They all have the same high speci high same the have all They • an- as available is which housing common the is platform the of backbone The • plat- the - angleway an and straightway a - housings valve basic two just Using • SVL: Component - Line Flexline™ -amodularsolution sig ete te reig ln uiie a NH a utilizes plant freezing the centre, essing proc- seafood developed newly the In concern. primary a always is residents local fte NH the of controlling level liquid for adopted was sensor level uid liq- radar series 4100U AKS Danfoss technology, TDR ing project. nents wereIsland With usedforZhangzi lead- the Danfoss Industrial Refrigeration FlexlineRefrigeration Industrial Danfoss line components were alsowidelyused. refrigeration of series Flexline™ reduced SVL launched newly 80%. The by and time welding the 2/3 by area installation the compressed which station, valve series ICF product premier Danfoss the uses room freezing the of line feeding The control. level liquid refrigeration the of control precise for valve control motor series ICM the tion, which lowers the NH lowersthe which tion, the main reason why Danfoss CO Danfoss why reason main the is This de- systems. refrigeration reliable processing on heavily Seafood pends limited. is transportation and mainland the from far is island the since project, Island Zhangzi the of element important an is system refrigeration the of reliability The tion. protec- environment and safety between balance good a realized process, cooling the to prior appliance recovery heat condenser the of up setting refrigeration. The ammonia level high the for medium cooling the as water sea abundant the uses mounting simpleandtrouble free check and All straightway. or gle- form o f 3 ers 5di /CO f lter 2 cascade system, working together with together working system, cascade f f erent functions CASEt thesamehousing STUDY 3 charge amount by over 90% and limits the NH the limits and over90% by amount charge f ve function modules: stop, regulating, stop/check, stop/check, regulating, stop, modules: function ve 2 solutions and compo- and solutions f cation making selection, system design and design system selection, making cation TM platform: 3 /CO 2 acd sse fr refrigera- for system cascade 2 rn sse and system brine 3 refriger- • The plug-in module adopts QPQ technology to realize excellent environmentalexcellentrealize to technology QPQ adopts module plug-in The • charac- regulation optimum ensures cone ICS the in design V-port special The • without used is form welding Direct • Control valveICS: - the in assembled modules function the have can design modular Innovative • e improved an with installation fast and safety the ensures welding two Only • ValveICF: station - due to ourreliable, e the to supplier refrigeration leading the becoming rapidly Dan- is foss support. technical and components both with globe the across companies this in experience vast With eration. refrig- and post-processing freezing, quick pre-cooling, pre-processing, in crucial a is controltemperature low stable and Accurateprocess. entire the practically for the For for journey green the in refrigeration. industrial project China benchmark a considered now is it why reason the is plant essing proc- new Island Zhangzi the China, of region refrigeration industrial scale big For SUMMARY adaptation teristic to pilotoperated mainvalves load even at partial 80% single housing ciency f shing and seafood processing industry, refrigeration is a key requirement key a is refrigeration industry, processing seafood and shing f rst to combine both CO both combine to rst f cient, andenvironmental-friendly refrigeration solutions. f eld, Danfoss provides many leading marine marine leading many provides Danfoss eld, f ange, reducing the leakage risk by up to up by risk leakage the reducing ange, 2 cascade & brine systems. This is one is This systems. brine & cascade f shery industry industry shery f - 93 AUTOMATED LITHUANIA AMMONIA PLATE FREEZERBYINKLAIPEDA, AFISHPROCESSING PLANT DSIFOR [email protected] Sigsgaard Mads CONTACT INFORMATION www.dsi-as.com informationMore at: suitable for useinonshore installations. andmarine are which freezers plate vertical and horizontal di many manufactures DSI freezers. plate automatic and manually-operated facturing companyleading involveda is manu- and designing in DSI ABOUT THECOMPANY f rn tps f manual of types erent tion temperature of-40°C evapora- with circulation pump with system ammonia an on operates freezer The inlessthan80minutes.zen to -18°C packed consumer of kg 750 freeze to designed is 36/20 HKS type Freezer Plate Horizontal Inline HS inline The closed andthere to isdoublecontact thecold freezer plates. is station The station. freezing the onto loaded and freezer the into conveyed is it packed is product the as soon as that is result unloading. The and loading for time a at station one opening only is freezer opening station single horizontal DSI The asfastpossible.the product to contact cooling getting of aim the with designed is DSI by installed freezer The ABOUT THESYSTEM intoof theproduct thefreezer. handling faster the to due product the from loss drip the reduce to expectation an Freezers.Plate Horizontal standardof out and in product the Therealso washandle to labor manual much demanding and manual mainly was handling previous The an automated plate freezing system to freeze white with capacity freezer their upgrading at looking were Espersen products. breaded white are Products freezing and preparing modern most the of one operating is UAB Lietuva Espersen Lithuania, Klaipeda, In China. and Lithuania Poland, mark, worlda leading is Espersen INTRODUCTION f sh species that are prepared as frozen blocks, frozenfrozenblocks, preparedas are that species sh f hpout o utmr n uoead ntd States. United and Europe in customers for products sh f f sh processingsh Den- company plantsin production with sh f llet products. Product is entering at +5°C and fro- and +5°C at entering is Product products. llet f sh processing plants in Europe, here they are they here Europe, in plants processing sh f sh f llets inconsumer packs. f llets and llets

CASE STUDY94 CASE STUDY meaning operation, of out that there to increase isapossibility ifthisisneeded. theproduction freezer the in stations the of some taken has persen Es- that much so expected, than better actually is freezer the of performance The totributing theoverall economy offreezing inacontinuous production reduced,is con- also product the of loss freezer. the drip platesof the this of top On cold the to product the of transfer fast the to due improved is quality product The means that theoverall energy e This frozen. is product the when load low very a to initially load high varying very is a from load refrigeration the where freezing load batch standard a to comparing load, refrigeration stabile a in results freezer the of loading continuous The RESULTS f ciency isimproved.ciency f ow. 95 DANISH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE’S AMMONIAHEAT PUMPCONCEPT WITHSPLITCONDENSER [email protected] Madsen Claus CONTACT INFORMATION www.dti.dk informationMore at: technology aswell asfor new accredited testing ofe.g. heat pumps. of development and research for laboratories used are state-of-the-art advanced The courses. ing train- out carrying and preparing as well as optimization process and drying energy, industrial solar e.g. are pertise ex- of areas key Other refrigerants. natural of use the and technology pump heat and refrigeration and of development research in specializes Technology Pump Heat and Refrigeration of terms in Institute Technological Danish ABOUT THECOMPANY rnfs ergrn pm. h ui i bit ih w Af Lvl odnes of condensers Laval Alfa two with which the built is unit The pump. refrigerant Grundfos a forcedbycirculation or circulation natural either be choice by can evaporator the di test to order In Laval Alfa an and compressor reciprocating pressure high Mycom a of consists unit The ABOUT THESYSTEM heat and drop pressure refrigerant between compromise optimum the Finding • coe the Optimizing • con- the of split optimal an bycost exchangerand areaheat total the Optimizing • ammoniaheatThe pumpwas builtto test thefollowing concepts: con- separate with solution traditional denser anddesuperheater. the to compared when area, exchanger e pump heat the whereby approaches, ture tempera- smaller obtain to possible it makes concept condenser split The vorable. fa- is this which under circumstances the and parts two into condenser a splitting of potential the into insight valuable provided has program ELFORSK Danish the e highly The of. part a are they which systems the of economyimproved and consumption energy e more for e society.Highly our in energy of use search the in role important increasingly an play pumps Heat INTRODUCTION transfer coe headcooling sub cooler andoil&cylinder denser parts f ooded plate heat exchanger with a U-turn separator for the evaporatorside.separatorthe for U-turn a exchangerwith heatplate ooded f rst condenser also functions asdesuperheater.rst condenser alsofunctions f f cient ammonia heat pump concept developed with the support of support the with developed concept pump heat ammonia cient cients intheevaporator f erent con erent f cient of performance (COP) by maximum utilization of the of utilization maximum by (COP) performance of cient f gurations, the circulation of the ammonia liquid in liquid ammonia the of circulation the gurations, f cient heat pumps can contribute to reducedcontributeto can pumps heat cient f ciency is improved at an equal heat equal an at improved is ciency f ective ective

CASE STUDY96 at 100 °C and75%at approximatelyat 100°C 74°C. e total this With performance pump and e heat the optimizing of potential the shown has project The RESULTS is required to optimize water condensationtemperature,potentialforreducingthe full achievethe orderto it In increase by lowering thecondensing temperature.COP the to but area same the use to is alternative An surface. transfer heat total required the reduce may condensers the of design optimized and high, is rise ture tempera- waterside the where cases in reached be can savings energy Substantial toheating atemperature capacity farabove thecondensing temperature. signi a heating for used be can design condenser split The con- the of area required the reduce denser by splitting itinto two parts. to possible is it condenser, the of out and di large relatively a With Køleanlæg). Industri dan (Sve- Refrigeration Industrial Svedan by built been has pump heat ammonia This Note that the capacity and the temperature of the hot stream cannot be varied be cannot independently withoutcompromising overall e stream hot the of temperature the and capacity the that Note Discharge temperatureDischarge Cold water in/out waterHot in/out Condensing temperature Evaporation temperature coeHeating capacity Heating f ciency by usingsubcooling andasplitcondenser.ciency f cient of performance cient ofperformance f CASEthe of 25% approximately deliver to possible was it ciency, STUDY f ows andtemperature pro 135 ˚C 30/25 ˚C 40/80 ˚C +74 ˚C +20 ˚C 4,3 - 220 kW f ciency. f erence in water temperature in temperature water in erence f les for thecondensers. f cant share of the total the of share cant f ow www.elforsk.dk/elforskProjects/343-059/343-059_Slutrapport_vers06.pdf canbefound informationEnglish atMore in abouttheproject Link strategy especiallywithregard loadoperation. to optimizingpart pro temperature optimal the to regard with window cation appli- the is area important Another refrigerants.other to use the extend to as well as use of ease for software calculation the modifying by commercialization enable to is group project this of aim The Agency. Energy Danish The to submitted been project new a has program technology, EUDP the by this funding for application an and formed, of been has group use widespread facilitate to order in and ing supplier.consum- the time from software relevantdesignvery the is of This use the with manually performed be to has exchangers heat the of calculationToday, the Commercial availability rig training ammonia equipped withsimilarinstrumentation. DTI the with training the of inspiration the been has rator evapo- the forcirculation natural forcedand both of possibility the with up set The component. this of operation the into insights valuable partners project the given has which glasses, sight with equipped is separator U-turn the of up set test The o Spin evaporator, the in content oil surplus there were to bothe restrictions in resulting ratio circulation oil high too a with issue an to However,due conditions. operation these at 4.7 to up COPs ing test The installationeven estimatedis better to achiev- thus and toable be perform learntLessons f f ciency andmaximumcapacity.ciency f e ad h control the and les 97 ICA STREAM CO SUPERSTORE USINGCOPELAND [email protected] SylvainLamy CONTACT INFORMATION www.emerson.com informationMore at: worldwide. customers for solutions control climate integrated customized, provide to services monitoring and educational proven distribution, engineering,design, with technology best-in-class combines group The applications. commercial and industrial residential, for solutions refrigeration and conditioning air tilation, the ven- heating, of provider is leading world’s Technologies Climate Emerson ABOUT THECOMPANY [email protected] Antonsson Micael CONTACT INFORMATION www.greenandcool.com informationMore at: un- Cool name.Green & der the worldwide distributed is successfully refrigeration dioxide carbon quality dioxide (CO carbon use that environment-friendly systems refrigeration of plier sup- market’sleading the is Cool & Green ABOUT THECOMPANY 2 a a ergrn. ic 20, high- 2007, Since refrigerant. a as ) vanced protection, diagnostics andmonitoring through communications. bene the prove e of termsformance in per- its demonstrate to as well as level reliability compressor the ensure to was intent The Cool.companyGreen & a in proven and installed were compressors the release, market to Prior capacity. cooling 200kW to 18kW from ranging applications covers range compressors for medium temperature applications using CO using applications temperature medium for compressors formance comparison. per- for case decent a have to allowed which pack, booster Cool & Green based Stream the di a by di a made from compressors using system, and manufacturer booster a with equipped previously was supermarket The eration disruption. op- of case in resilience system full cally system the givespracti- reaches23°C. This and climbs in temperature the open until not will bar) 60 at (rated the system of valves of safety the case outage, in power that ensure side temperature/ subcritical low the on as as well side medium/transcritical the on design pressure high of use The mum temperature and pressure control. opti- provide to One as driven freezers. inverter the is side for each compressors on compressor2 and cabinets food chilled the for compressors 5 of consists recovery.It heat with pack booster temperature dual a is system refrigeration The of 8000m area sales a occupies supermarket The then. since successfully running been has and den KvantumSuperstorein Varberg,Swe-ICA an in 2012 system The June was commissioned in ABOUT THESYSTEM CO Stream Climate the Technologieslaunched recently Emerson has INTRODUCTION 2 COMPRESSOR WITHCORESENSE DIAGNOSTICS ² including a bakery andkitchen. includingabakery f s soitd ih t o-or eetois ht rvd cmrso ad- compressor provide that electronics on-board its with associated ts f ciency, lubrication, sound, and vibration. The objective was also tovibration.ciency, sound,also and waslubrication, objective The f erent brand. The system was replaced by replaced was system The brand. erent f eld test in partnership with the with partnership in test eld 2 as a refrigerant. The 4MTL 4MTL The refrigerant. a as 2 series of transcritical of series f erent

CASE STUDY98 ah opesr is compressor Each • Pressure: SystemStandstill 60bar Overall • Low temperature pack • vidual compressor data such as power consumption, current and voltage, discharge tem- discharge voltage, and current consumption, power as such data compressor vidual is Stream Each stress onthesystem pipingbutalsointo low soundlevel inthemachineroom. of absence the into turns site,that on observed was Stream of levelvibration low the tion, crank- the con through the routed gave is This case. gas the way the and design special its to thanks Stream of circulationrateoil low extremely the was observation outstanding One entiresatisfaction. hours. givingcompressors drivenaccumulatedhours inverter reached 20.200 running The running 33.900 of total a accumulated compressors the period operation observed the In RESULTS temperature Medium pack • aboutthesystem are:Details rso lvl sse promne oeain n sse rlaiiy Te bene The reliability. system and operation performance, com- the system to level, down and pressor time any at monitor to user the to ability the gives This Modbus. via system Cool’smonitoring & Green from accessible is history operational and perature whose openingsare monitored • Compressor Max. Pressures (Suction/Discharge): 90bar/ Pressures CompressorMax. (Suction/Discharge): • at Load 63kW Te/Tc -36°C/-11°C • (20m 4MSL-15X Model 1 • (20m 4MSL-15X Model 1 • • Compressor Max. Pressures (Suction/Discharge): 90bar/120bar Pressures CompressorMax. (Suction/Discharge): • atCooler) Load 180kW Gas Te/Pc (35°C 90Bar -11°C/ • (20m 4MTL-30X Model 1 • (20m 4MTL-30X Models 4 • Green & Cool Stream PackStream Cool Green & f tted with a factory delivered CoreSense Diagnostics module. Thus, indi- Thus, module. Diagnostics CoreSense delivered factory a with tted f f dence that lubrication is optimum under all conditions. In addi- In conditions. all under optimum is lubrication that dence CASE STUDY valve solenoid injection an opens that sensor oil an with tted ³ ³ ³ /h) Running with Inverter 30-70Hz 30-70Hz Inverter with Running /h) /h) Running with Inverter 30-70Hz Inverter with Running /h) /h) ³ /h) CoreSense TM Diagnostics Module Diagnostics f i that is t eration. identi be can any if situations faulty able cooling power.” avail- and consumption energy their follow to opportunity the have owners plant system, control use to easy our reliability.With and that friendliness user bring development will of example distinctive a is Diagnostics CoreSense ponents. com- the on available ‘intelligence’ expanded an welcome builders „Aggregates CO Stream new The SUMMARY the refrigeration in the 13 months period. CoreSense Diagnostics has proven to bring bring to proven has Diagnostics added value to thestore andcompressor packandwillbeo CoreSense period. months 13 the in refrigeration the of disruption no was owner.There supermarket the of satisfaction total the to levels tion CompressorsPower Monitoring Electronics FillsLubrication / Oil Room) Pressure Sound (Machine Results 2 compressors have achieved real on-site performances and refrigera- and performances on-site real achieved have compressors - Michael Antonsson, Green & Cool Green & Antonsson, Michael - f None Protection Motor Basic 8 times/hour 100dB(A) Previous System ed before they occur and cause disruption of refrig- of disruption cause and occur they before ed Via CoreSense Via CompressorLevelto To Down Operations Monitor AdvancedAbility Protection, 1 time/day 80dB(A) Stream BaseSystem f eredCO onall 2 models. 99 OPTIMAL SUPERMARKETREFRIGERATION &HEAT RECOVERY USINGHIGH-EFFICIENCYCO [email protected] Fröschle Manuel CONTACT INFORMATION http://www.gearefrigeration.com informationMore at: refrigeration.for transport as well as applications mobile and com- stationary for pressors Bock GEA manufactures group the others, Among techno- and logical solutions. components key innovative maintains and installs engineers, designs, GEA refrigeration. industrial in group global leading a Technologiesis Refrigeration GEA ABOUT THECOMPANY

• In the high pressure stage, a frequency-controlled HGX34/150-4 S CO S HGX34/150-4 frequency-controlled a stage, pressure high the In • • CO Bock GEA use systems Both ABOUT THESYSTEM di two following, the In INTRODUCTION • and climate neutral(CO refrigerantR744 • sors are presented: Enex srl. Enex company Italian the was builder rack2012. year The the in Basel AG Kälte the by ket, a CO a ket, (Switzerland) Birsfelden in supermarket COOP with GEA Bock CO Bock GEA with pumps heat temperature high The Zurich. of City the is building and site the of owner The Switzerland. in plants meat-processing important most the of one is (Switzerland): Zurich Abattoir storage cold in maintained be will temperature rooms, cooling cabinets, freezer cabinetsandfreezer rooms. right the that ensured is it Thus,supermarket. complete the of cooling the for responsible are compressors s he tasrtcl G3/5- M CO ML HGX34/150-4 transcritical three as cannot beused, to ahigherlevel, whichcanbeused. which level, temperature low a from energy thermal lift pumps generally heat is electrical, which power operating Using water. hot and heating for covered and inthelow temperature at about 20kW. kW 111 approximately at cooling normal the in system the of point design the in is capacity refrigerating The cooling. temperature low subcritical the handle products and perfectly refrigerated foodstu refrigerated perfectly and products (Switzerland) Birsfelden in supermarket COOP he HX2/04 CO HGX12P/40-4 three 2 supermarket system which serves as a booster system was installed was system booster a as serves which system supermarket 2 compressors ensure that energy from waste heat can be re- be can heat waste from energy that ensure compressors f rn agso plctosfr E Bc CO Bock GEA for applications of ranges erent 2 compressors – one of them is frequency-controlled – frequency-controlled is them of one – compressors 2 compressors. They are working with the natural the with working are They compressors. The abattoir, which is more than 100 years old, years 100 than more is which abattoir, The 2 ). 2 T opesr ae sd A oa of total A used. are compressors T f oiscsoes GA ok CO Bock GEA customers. its to s : In the Swiss COOP supermar- COOP Swiss the In : : The supermarket o supermarket The : 2 COMPRESSORS 2 2 f compres- T as well as T ers fresh ers 2

CASE STUDY100 e direct negligible a and 0) = potential(ODP ozonedepletion no dioxidehas Carbon taste. and smell acidic slightly a has and gas colorless a is It history. long a has and Within refrigeration technology, carbon dioxide (CO dioxide technology, carbon refrigeration Within RESULTS • energy the that so principle, recovery heat the to according works system The • etn wtr ih a with water Heating • f Heat pump in the abattoir of Zurich Heat pumps with GEA Bock CO Bock GEA pumpswith Heat pumpintheabattoirZurich Heat of ect on global warming (GWP =1)whenusedasarefrigerant inclosedsystems. on globalwarming(GWP ect 150-4 SH CO SH 150-4 by thermea. Energiesysteme GmbH and consist of a total of 12 virtually virtually 12 of total a of consist CO Bock GEA and maintenance-free GmbH Energiesysteme thermea. by (Switzerland): Zurich Abattoir as heating orto supplyhotwater to thesupermarket. receivede fromrefrigerationused roomsthe be and can cabinets ytm fr oetc o wtr upy n bidn haig r possible are heating building and supply throughout theyear. water hot domestic for the from systems temperatures return low that so system, supply the of optimization high-e a by achieved is ciency e of degree high This output. heat usable as means this by available is used input energy the of times three than More generated. is 3.4 over of (COP) ance 2 CASE STUDY modelsisatotal of800kW.T f w eprtr o 9° ad coe a and 90°C of temperature ow f cient compressor and comprehensivehydraulicand compressor cient The heat pumps in the abattoir were installed were abattoir the in pumps heat The 2 compressors. The heat output of the HGX34/ the of output heat The compressors. pressors 2 ) is known by the name R744 R744 name the by known is ) f in o perform- of cient f ciently – e.g.ciently– 2 com- f - GEA Bock compressors with R744 as refrigerantas o R744 compressors with Bock GEA bon dioxide isavailable naturally inlarge quantities. e asphyxiating and narcotic a has dioxide Carbon combustible. not and air than heavier inactive, chemically is It • temperatures low and medium for versions compressor special also are There • h cmrsos r as aalbe o hge eaoaig eprtrs like temperatures evaporating higher for available also are compressors The • • refrigerationsupermarket aswell asheat recovery: R744 as a refrigerant, not only energy costs, but also CO also but costs, energy only not refrigerant, a as R744 (Switzerland): Zurich Abattoir for rangethe possibility canbeused. widefrequency available.Forpressures, higher motorsand compressors strongerwith electrical CO Bock GEA subcritical and TranscriticalBirsfelden. in supermarket COOP the like tions applica- supermarket in for Di example areused applications Booster these of tions stage. compressor second the of side suction the to directly discharged is compressor temperature low of pressure High used. are timized oilmanagement. op- and motor electrical strong with versions special in applications pump heat m 260,000 while tonnes, natural gasare saved. 510 than more by reduced is dioxide carbon of signi reduced are ronment, CO (Switzerland) Birsfelden in supermarket COOP 2 n o ad eim eprtr rfieain s-ald ose systems Booster so-called refrigeration, temperature medium and low in 2 compressors are used. f f cantly in the abattoir of Zurich: The annual output annual The Zurich: of abattoir the in cantly ect on humans only at higher concentrations. Car- concentrations. higher at only humans on ect Tak t te ocp o ha rcvr with recovery heat of concept the to Thanks f er a lot of bene of lot a er : Regarding applications with applications Regarding : 2 f emissions to the envi- the to emissions rn pat construc- plant erent f ts in the in ts f eld of eld ³ of 101 CHILLERS &HEAT ONHCREFRIGERANTSINSTALLED PUMPSBASED AT HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY AARHUS [email protected] PachaiCohrAlexander CONTACT INFORMATION www.johnsoncontrols.com informationMore at: im- and prove and security. comfort use energy optimise o that services It and refrigerants. products natural on based solutions chiller and refrigeration of companies leading the of one is JCI ence, andpower solutions. e building in leader global a into grown has Controls Johnson 1885, in start its Since ABOUT THECOMPANY f iny atmtv experi- automotive ciency, f ers would have come out as the best candidate but for this application and site the site and looked moreR600a promisingapplication for theheat pumps. this for but candidate best the as out come have R744 would the requirement a been temperatures higher to water the of warming Had R744. and R600a between made was comparison a systems future the choose To of application. size this in competitive be not will and time in point this at developed not was ogy NH andresearchhospital sectors lab. di in systemsrefrigeration of condensers regardingthe also and hospital the di cooling for systems chiller future their deci- regarding a make sion to had Skejby Hospital University Aarhus tax and ban this of light In ABOUT THESYSTEM atcollected theimporter’s point ofsale. valuesfor refrigerants.individual the potentialwarming global the (GWP) is tax The on based refrigerants HFC on taxation a introduced has government the thermore e more be to proven be can they unless allowed not are less or kg 10 using systems Multiplexing kg.10 of HFC to comes it when charge maximum a introduced has government the Denmark in 2000 year from R22 gin vir- using on ban the and systems R22 new of installation the on ban the Following INTRODUCTION Assumptions heat COP 3 (ammonia) was not considered as an option for the heat pumps as the technol- the as pumps heat forthe option an consideredas not was (ammonia) Sc=25K Tc=68˚C Te=5˚C 70˚C 40˚C/ R600a Sc=25K Tc=78˚C Te=5˚C 40˚C/80˚C R600a Sc=25K Pc=110bar Te=5˚C 40˚C/70˚C R744 f cient than alternatives. Fur- alternatives. than cient f rn lctos around locations erent Sc=25K Pc=110bar Te=5˚C 40˚C/80˚C R744 f erent

CASE STUDY102 oln mda icltd o h hsia i 3% rpln gyo ad hs s to is m 160.000 covers this that area build and existing the glycol for needs propylene the cover 35% is hospital the to circulated media cooling tension willcover another190.000m happy with the new system and is pretty impressed with what has been achieved been has what very with impressed pretty was is and customersystem new the the with happy project the of end the At load. cooling the the at as exists time load same heating the if know to essential is it that is learned lesson The questions was:arefrigeration isaheat pumpprimarily unitorisitaheat pump? essential the of One through. thought be to have that conditions some are There side. regulation the on surprises some after well perfectly running is system The RESULTS sys- refrigeration installed locally by tems. generated extent some to months, winter the in alwaystheretonotethatalso is cooling need a important is It winterperiod. 70 are supplies water hot required The end. an to coming was era R22 the where countries other from imported was material becoming di more was it because necessary exchange an making were rates leak enced experi- the and life service their of end the reachingwere chillers R22 replaced The 9 at kW 250 of capacity For thechillerspreferred R290. solutionwas 9chillerseachhaveThe acooling within theproject,which alsohasavalue initself. Heating capacity Heating Freecooler Cooling fromHP aschiller HP Cooling Cooling chillers f CASE STUDYrecycled the of most where market a in R22 recycled getting keep to cult

C/15 ̊

C using 27 using C ̊ 2 .

̊ C in the summer period and 80 and period summer the in C 450 300 150 150 2,250

C as ambient design temperature. The design ambient as C ̊ kW 2 . The future ex- future The .

̊ C in the in C 103 MAYEKAWA’S NH [email protected] Delforge Eric CONTACT INFORMATION www.mayekawa.eu informationMore at: coun- 100 tries. over in running compressors MYCOM 25,000 than more has MYCOM Mayekawa/ storage. cold and ing, freez- conditioning, air for ammonia, them among erants, Five”refrig- “Natural and the promotes actively compressors,It pumps. heat refrigeration systems, freezing & ing cool- industrial of supplier world-leading a is MAYEKAWA ABOUT THECOMPANY 3 HEAT AMEAT PUMPFOR FACTORY INSTORKOW, GERMANY

! a capacity of 20 m 20 of capacity a 60°C, a condensing temperature for NH for temperature condensing a 60°C, tank, a water-cooled oil cooler and a and cooler oil water-cooled a tank, oil compressor), in (integrated pump oil an contains system oil The part. left the on system oil complete with compressor the shows scheme The resp.KVD2. hrs forKVD1 9562 and 9900 to amount 25/4/2013 on hours operating actual 5.9. The to 5.7 with 44kW. The of to 69 resp.power shaft absorbed an with machine each for rpm 970 to 1450 respectively on based kW 262 to 393kW between varies performance compressor The 33%. of steps in unloaded be can which banks, cylinder mechanical units, has compressor pump Each heat the rpm. 970 to for 1450 from control speed used allow to converter arefrequency with equipped N6HK model compressors type piston Two glycol-water circuit with3-way valve islocated. bu water hot the Between side. open the to side pressure low the on connected are KVD2 and KVD1 compressor pumps heat Two ABOUT THESYSTEM m 160 of consumption water hot a for 60°C to up water hot produce to pump heat a needs Germany, Storkow, in located company meat The INTRODUCTION rating temperature corresponding withapressure willbe25°C, of9.0barg. pressure of 28,5 barg. Between the NH the Between barg. 28,5 of pressure frigerant NH frigerant central refrigeration plant will be used. This means that the heat pump NH pump heat the that means This used. be will plant refrigeration central the of circuit condenser the source heat glycol-water. As using by selected is dium The hot water bu water hot The day 5days/week. during 3 was selected as it has an ODP and GWP of 0. To obtain hot water at water hot obtain To0. of GWP and ODP an has it as selected was f f ash heat source tank, and to the condenser on the high pressure high the on condenser the to and tank, source heat ash 3 er tank has a capacity of 60 m 60 of capacity a has tank er . The heat capacity should be maximum 750 kW. The natural re- natural kW. The 750 maximum be should capacity heat The . f nal design coe design nal f er heat exchanger and the condenser the secondary secondary the condenser the and exchanger heat er f f ne oil separator on the gas outlet of the com- the of outlet gas the on separator oil ne 3 cient of heating performance corresponds performance heating of cient 3 and the process water the secondary me- secondary the water process the and of 65°C is selected corresponding with a with corresponding selected is 65°C of 3 and the energy-boiler vessel has vessel energy-boiler the and 3 /day for 18 to 20hrs/ to 18 for /day f tr etra oil external lter, 3 evapo-

CASE STUDY104 • • • • operationThe status isshown onthevisualisedschemefrom thecontrol panel. ies around 93.7to 93.2at resp. 100%and50%load. e motor drive main The 98%. to 97 of range the in is drive power the e The basis. year on hrs 10.600 approx. is operation and 2010 October of thecompressor theinsulated oilseparator isvisible. installationThe was done in valve side discharge closing the On automatic standstill. compressor at with closed be to line top the suction on mounted the is line painted yellow The room. energy output of 703.6kW corresponding with an actual COP-h of 4.6 COP-h correspondingenergy withanactual outputof703.6kW CASEheat actual and 153.6kW of input power electrical actual the shows scheme The of4.8 COP-H KVD1, net correspondsa which with kWh, 4.928.342 is energytotalheatingoutput The resp. for 9562hrs resp. 9900, is KVD2. hours operating of number total The KVD2. and KVD1 resp.for kWh resp.538881 479100 is input energy total the 24/4/2013 On STUDY 280M 90kW installed in the machine the in installed 90kW 280M SEVA make motor drive main with compressors the shows photo The visible andtheoilrecovery vessel. is plant refrigeration the from inlet the On middle. source heat the to devices control expansion the and receiver with located condenser the side hand right the On pressor. f ash tank shown in the in shown tank ash f s tn te gas the tank ash f f ciency var- ciency ciency of ciency RESULTS • • • • • • This sents areturn ofinvestment of3.5years. 300,000 of cost installation h ha pm hs ln lftm (oe hn 5 er) n hs o mainte- low has and years) nance 25 costs. than (more lifetime long a has pump heat The ble technologies. e The returnThe ofinvestment: 3.5years. needed perhourfor fansandwater pumps). is kW 10 approx.. operation condenser (with condenser and heat waste Natural refrigeration on savings important power consumption. brings plant refrigeration the in pressure On condenser water 2.244 Mw (2,5 m (2,5 Mw 2.244 water condenser On operation 85.381 On f eld caseshows that theannualsavings canbelisted asfollows: f ciency of the heat pump is higher than when applying other compara- other applying when than higher is pump heat the of ciency € 156.532 rct pie f 0.15 of price tricity amountsto152.697 heatpump the for cost energy The 4.8. of COP-H a means what kWh, 1017981 to amounts input energy electrical the pump € 309.229 of costenergy an has boiler 0.64. gas of This H COP- a means what kWh, 7.730.732 be will input ergy e an and 75% of ratio load a on Based pump.heat the and gas with ing heat- conventional between made is comparison kWh the 4.928.342 of output energy heating total a For € ae o a a pie f 0.04 of price gas a on based n 1.0 hus f prto pr er hs repre- this year per operation of hours 10.600 and € or 50% of the energy cost. For a heat pump heat a For cost. energy the of 50% or 3 water + treatment) + lower condensing lower + treatment) + water f ciency of 85% the boiler system en- system boiler the 85% of ciency € kh rpeetn a aig of saving a representing /kWh, € kh Fr h heat the For /kWh. € based on an elec- an on based 105 SINTEF ENERGY RESEARCH covery of CO of covery redis- the in instrumental was team research SINTEF The conditioning air mobile refrigeration, andheat pumpsystems. (MAC) within focus a for variousapplications. high on e focusing programme 2020 Horizon new the in partner project active an being toforward looking is team [email protected] Hafner Armin CONTACT INFORMATION CO particular in refrigerants, Natural dustries. in- processes power and refrigeration the within services o Research Energy SINTEF Europe.researchindependentlargest organisations the in of Technology,of Institute one is Norwegian the at search Scienti for Foundation the SINTEF, ABOUT THECOMPANY f ciency heat pump systems with natural working working natural with systems pump heat ciency 2 as a natural refrigerant in the late 80's. The The 80's. late the in refrigerant natural a as f ers research and developmentresearch and ers f ad nutil Re- Industrial and c 2 , have been have , f uids tion unit can also reject heat into the ground, which results in low refrigerant re- refrigerant lowe system high i.e.temperatures, in turn results which ground, the into heat reject also can unit tion refrigera- time. The summer the in air interior dehumidify and cool to sink heat a as applied be can and building the outside drilled werewells energy deep 170m Four and theheated the into wells energy systemventilation via the both through area store the into heat distributed is Heat ground. rejected from as well as tanks, accumulation the the concrete active in and tanks accumulation in temporarily stored is installations cooling from (2) ing thismaterial hasalsoeliminated theneedfor expensive sunshadingsystems. e daylight distributes insula- which translucent material a tion Aerogel, contain walls outer The store. the of zones lighting dedicated the in daylightincoming of amount the accordingtosequences in lights (1) strategies: e two store’sfrom The resultsrequirement low-energy vari- in use energy of monitoring the & strategy controloverall the of tuning the • thehandlingofheat exchange between systems • thetechnologies usedintheventilation system andrefrigeration unit • theuseofdaylight • Europe. keytoThe itsenergy savings is: e most the of one be will store The livinglaboratory A ABOUT THESYSTEM re- in cently completed store grocery Trondheim,Kroppanmarka in the Norway. of design the in involved heavily been has teamResearch’s Energy SINTEF INTRODUCTION Lighting control. Lighting ous sub-systems fly nertd etlto, oln ad etn system. heating and cooling ventilation, integrated fully A f f oors, whenrequired. oor ( oor An automatic control system switches o switches system control automatic An f oor heating). The ventilation system requires heat only from only requiresheat systemventilationheating). The oor f f ective energy-saving grocery outlets in all of all in outlets grocery energy-saving ective ciencies. During the winter time, when inter- when time, winter the During ciencies. f ectively to the interior of the store. Us- store. the of interior the to ectively f cient energy consumption energy cient f

f uorescent ceiling uorescent upu heat Surplus

CASE STUDY106 f heat all regulates which system control installation thermal single a contains building The CO as hydro no working natural Only contain gases. greenhouse powerful – are which pounds, cabinets and counters refrigerated the working i.e. refrigerants, The form ofspace heating andwill notbeused. ine an is heating electrical Direct operation. pump heat support to source heat additional an as applied be can well energy the short, are loads cooling nal icts between thedi icts 2 andhydrocarbons (propane andbutane),are applied. f ow and monitors the energy consumption.energy control the monitorscon-no arethere Thus,and ow f CASE STUDYerent subsystems. f uids – the substances which transport heat out of out heat transport which substances the – uids f ooabn com- uorocarbon f uids such uids f cient 107 EUROPEAN INDUSTRY SURVEY

NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN EUROPE TODAY AND BY 2020

108

CURRENT REFRIGERANT USE, SHARE OF STAFF AND R&D, PURCHASING OUTLOOK 2020: NATURAL REFRIGER- PRODUCTS & GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS FACTORS & WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY ANT APPLICATIONS IN EUROPE

This frst section provides an overview of refriger- This section investigates the percentage of staf The fnal section explores respondents’ plans to ant use by application sector and response group. involved in NR-related activities, as well as the provide new natural refrigerant products and serv- It highlights current leading European markets for share of R&D activities dedicated to natural refriger- ices in the next 7 years. The expected total market NR, the present share of products & services from ants currently and by 2020. Moreover, drivers for share of NR solutions across Europe in 2020, by re- an organisation’s total HVAC&R activities, and the NR-related R&D and priority partners for such ac- frigerant and application, is shown. expected change in such activities in the next 7 tivities are identifed. End-users’ general purchas- years. ing criteria and their willingness to pay for NR technology are evaluated.

PAGE 113 PAGE 117 PAGE 121 EUROPEAN INDUSTRY SURVEY ABOUT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS INTRODUCTION group” but not the “Non-NR group”, or the other tancy & Marketing institutions were less repre- way around. Data analysis presented throughout sented with values of 15,3%, and 13,4%, respec- To quantify the market potential and detect tech- the following sections always specifes if a ques- tively. Associations were signifcantly less repre- nology trends for natural refrigerants in Europe, an tion was answered by the whole response group, sented with less than 1% of responses (0,8%). End- online survey was conducted by shecco among or only a sub-population. users accounted for 6,6% of the responses. the European HVAC&R industry. Between February and November 2013 a total of 365 responses were MOST INTEREST FROM GERMANY AND Respondents were asked to indicate which types received that could be included in the analysis. THE UK of activities their organisation would be active in. Multiple choices where therefore possible and ex- plain the sum of responses to be above 100%. METHODOLOGY The large majority of the 365 respondents were located in Germany and the UK (15,9% each), fol- After a global industry survey and a specifc North lowed by Italy (8,5%) and Spain (7,9%). Denmark as MOST RESPONDENTS ACTIVE IN American industry survey had already been con- a leading country in adopting natural refrigerants (LIGHT-) COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION ducted in 2011 and 2012, the new survey was the is represented by 7,6% of the respondents. Re- frst one to specifcally receive only input from in- sponses from Belgium and France accounted for A large majority of 72% indicated to be active in dustry stakeholders active in Europe. The survey 6,6% each. The Netherlands (6,3%) and Sweden light-commercial or commercial refrigeration, fol- consisted of a mixture of up to 25 close-ended and (5,2%) represented more than 5% of the total re- lowed by industrial refrigeration (69%) and station- open-ended questions, depending on the ques- sponses. In total, responses from 30 diferent Euro- ary air-conditioning (61%). Around a third of all 109 tion logic selected. The link to the survey was dis- pean countries were collected. respondents were active in mobile air conditioning tributed to members of various industry associa- (32%) and transport refrigeration (31%). Multiple tions and published on several European leading Large organisations with more than 500 staf mem- responses were possible. HVAC&R industry platforms. bers represented the highest number of respondents (41,5%), followed by small organisations MORE THAN ¾ OF RESPONDENTS USE with less than 100 employees (40,5%). Medium- NATURAL REFRIGERANTS sized organizations were represented to a minor extent (18,0%). As the survey naturally attracted more respondents familiar with and/or interested in natural re- SYSTEM MANUFACTURER AND frigerant (NR) technology solutions, this led to a ENGINEERING & CONTRACTOR SECTOR clear overrepresentation of the “pro-Natural Refrig- DOMINANT erant” industry. More than three-fourth (76,0%) of the organisations represented by the respondents More than one third of the responding organisa- hence already ofer, use or deal with NR. tions represented the system manufacturing sector (36,1%), followed by almost another one third rep- This bias was taken into consideration by introduc- resenting the engineering & contracting business ing specifc question logic throughout the survey (31,7%), and component & refrigerant suppliers that would show certain questions only to the “NR (29,5%). Training & Research, as well as Consul- RESPONDENTS PROFILE

ORGANISATION LOCATION & SIZE

Germany Small (1-99) United Kingdom Medium-sized (100-499) Italy Large (500+) Spain 15,9% Denmark 19,7% Belgium 18,0% France Netherlands Sweden Other 5,2% 41,5% 15,9% 6,3%

6,6% 8,5% 40,5% 6,6% 7,6% 7,9% 110

Total responses: 365 Total responses: 365

ORGANISATION LOCATION ORGANISATION SIZE

A high number of the 365 respondents are based in Germany (16%) and the UK The highest number of respondents represent large organisations with more (16%), followed by Italy (9%), Spain (8%) and Denmark (8%). Respondents from than 500 staf members (42%), followed by small organisations with less than Belgium and France are represented with close to 7% each. Besides the Nether- 100 employees (40%). Medium-sized organizations are represented to a minor lands (6%) and Sweden (5%), nearly 20% of the respondents are located in 21 extent (18%). “Other” European countries. RESPONDENTS PROFILE

ORGANISATION TYPE & ACTIVITY

System Manufacturer Refrigeration Light-Commercial / Commercial Engineering / Contractor Refrigeration Industrial 36,1% 71,9% Component / Refrigerant Supplier 68,8% Air Conditioning Stationary Training / Research Heating Industrial & Commercial 31,7% Consultancy / Marketing 60,9% Heating Residential 29,5% End-User Refrigeration Domestic Other Air Conditioning Mobile Association 52,3% Refrigeration Transport

38,8% 37,6% 15,3% 31,5% 30,9% 13,4%

6,6% 6,6% 111 0,8%

Total responses: 365 Total responses: 365

ORGANISATION TYPE ORGANISATION ACTIVITIES / INDUSTRY SECTORS

System manufacturers account for more than one third of HVAC&R respon- From a total of 327 respondents to this question, a large majority of 72% indi- dents (36%), followed by the engineering & contracting sector (32%) and com- cated that they are active in light-commercial / commercial refrigeration, fol- ponent & refrigerant suppliers (29%). lowed by industrial refrigeration (69%) and stationary air-conditioning (61%). Around a third of all respondents are active in mobile air conditioning (32%) Training & research (15%) as well as consultancy & marketing (13%) organisa- and transport refrigeration (31%). Multiple responses were possible. tions are signifcantly less represented. End-users and “Other” types of organisations both account for 7% each, associations for 1%. Multiple responses were possible. 112 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS USE & MARKETS

CURRENT USE AMONG RESPONDENTS & LEADING GEOGRAPHIC MARKETS

DOES YOUR ORGANISATION OFFER / USE / DEAL WITH NATURAL IN WHICH MARKETS (COUNTRIES) DO YOU PROVIDE / USE MOST OF REFRIGERANTS (NR)? YOUR NATURAL REFRIGERANTS-RELATED PRODUCTS & SERVICES?

11,0% Yes UK DE FR DK SE European Union No CH NO ES IT NL 342 Europe other / not further specifed 9,8% North America South America 24,1% Africa Asia Australasia 6,8% World 6,2% 6,0% 5,8% 5,4% 5,2% 4,6% 4,0% 75,9% 83 113 16 14 13 32 66

Total responses: 365 Total responses: 164 Total responses: 164

MORE THAN ¾ OF RESPONDENTS USE NR GROUP: UK & GERMANY LEADING NR GROUP: STRONG EU BASE & GLOBAL NATURAL REFRIGERANTS MARKETS FOR NR-BASED SOLUTIONS POTENTIAL

More than three quarters (76%) of the 365 individu- Those already dealing with natural refrigerants (“NR While most respondents from the NR Group indicate als that participated in the survey already use, ofer Group”) were asked to indicate maximum 4 coun- that their 4 main markets to lie in the European Un- or deal with natural refrigerants. 24% did not use tries in which they use and/or provide most of their ion (342 responses), they also ofer their solutions in ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, water, natural refrigerants-related products & services other European markets (83 responses) and outside and/ or air in their activities. worldwide. In total, a majority of organisations are Europe. It must be noted that a maximum of 4 coun- active in the UK (11%) and Germany (10%). Other tries was selected per respondent, suggesting that European countries completing the top 10 markets more European-based companies could already be for natural refrigerants are France (7%), Denmark active with NR solutions around the world. Results (6%), Sweden (6%), Switzerland (6%), Norway (5%), are, however, a strong indicator of the leading role Spain (5%), Italy (5%) and the Netherlands (4%). the EU plays in the use of NR. USE OF REFRIGERANTS PER APPLICATION

NATURAL REFRIGERANTS & NON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS GROUP

IN WHICH AREAS DOES YOUR ORGANISATION OPERATE? WHICH REFRIGERANTS DO YOU USE / OFFER / DEAL WITH IN EACH?

don’t know 5,7% 9,5% 12,9% 11,1% 10% 14% 10,4% 7,2% HCFCs 13,5% 10,8% 13,7% 17,1% 15,9% 19,4% 20,0% 22,9% HFCs 22,2% 26,6% 20,2% Air 28,3% 36,7% 33,6% 37,7% Water 34,3% 26,2% 24,3% 36,3% HC 32,4% 25,0% 3,8% 4,4% CO2 22,2% 29,0% Ammonia 30,0% 3,8% 6,1% 6,4% 4,6% 6,1% 12,3% 5,7% 13,0% 6,3% 5,2% 7,1% 17,2% 4,4% 3,4% 7,4% 20,8% 23,7% 3,8% 5,5% 10,4% 14,2% 24,6% 64,3% 64,9% 14,0% 10,3% 60,0% 55,6% 59,1% 54,1% 51,6% 50,0% 25,7% 15,8% 19,1% 12,6% 17,1% 19,9% 23,2% 20,2% 114 8,8% 8,7% 7,1% 8,6% 6,2% 6,2% Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration AC Stationary AC Mobile Heating Heating Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration AC Stationary AC Mobile Heating Heating Domestic Light-Commercial Industrial Transport Residential Industrial & Domestic Light-Commercial Industrial Transport Residential Industrial & / Commercial Commercial / Commercial Commercial

NR GROUP: NATURAL REFRIGERANTS TOOK OVER FOR F-GAS NON-NR GROUP: HCFCS STILL DEFEND MARKET SHARES SOLUTIONS IN SEVERAL APPLICATIONS

Out of the 248 respondents already using or ofering NR-based solutions (“NR About one fourth of the survey participants stated that they do not work with natural refrigerants (79 respondents). Out of this “non natural refrigerant” Group”), the highest use of F-gas free refrigerants was indicated for CO2 in com- (“Non-NR”) response group, the majority of organisations uses HFCs in diferent mercial refrigeration (25%), followed by CO2 in industrial & commercial heating areas of refrigeration, air conditioning and heating. However, survey results also (25%), as well as CO2 (24%) and ammonia (23%) in industrial refrigeration. HCs, as expected, are the most widely spread NR solution in domestic refrigeration show that HCFCs still defend their market share, accounting for at least 22% of (21%). The use of water and air is currently signifcantly less pronounced across the working fuids respondents use, ofer or deal with in the selected applica- all applications, compared to other NR solutions. Overall, it is evident that for tion areas. In domestic refrigeration, HCFCs still have a high share of 34% in or- companies with NR-related products & services the share of HFCs is dominant, ganisations not working with natural refrigerants. especially in transport refrigeration (38%), stationary A/C (37%) and mobile A/C (36%). HCFCs also still defend shares between 7-17% across applications. CURRENT AND FUTURE NATURAL REFRIGERANTS PRODUCTS & SERVICES

SHARE FROM TODAY’S HVAC/R ACTIVITIES & CHANGE BY 2020

FROM YOUR ORGANISATION’S TOTAL HVAC&R ACTIVITIES IN EUROPE, WHAT IS THE SHARE OF PRODUCTS & IN YOUR OPINION, HOW WILL THIS SHARE OF PRODUCTS & SERVICES OFFERED / USED WITH NR BY YOUR SERVICES OFFERED / USED WITH NATURAL REFRIGERANTS (NR)? ORGANISATION CHANGE IN THE NEXT 7 YEARS?

1,9% 3,5% 100% 3,4% Strong increase 4,9% 5,8% 7,1% 8,0% 4,2% 71-99% Moderate increase 16,0% 7,5% 51-70% 19,2% 7,7% 0,8% 11,9% 17,2% 25,3% 19,0% No Change 21-50% Moderate decrease 16,7% 11-20% 27,1% Strong decrease 13,2% 14,0% 11,9% 10,3% 6-10% 1-5% 57,2% 7,1% 6,9% 15,1% 17,5% 13,3% 13,8% 50,1% 14,3% 43,1% 15,0% 13,2% 63,5% 20,3% 12,3% 55,7%

47,6% 48,3% 33,8% 16,3% 40,8% 24,0% 28,3% 31,5% 115 13,0% 10,3% 5,7% 6,2% 7,2% 1,2% 2,0% 2,9% 3,4% Ammonia CO2 HC Water Air Ammonia CO2 HC Water Air Total responses: 185

NR GROUP: AMMONIA HAS A DOMINANT SHARE AMONG NR GROUP: BEST PROSPECTS FOR CO2 UNTIL 2020 NATURAL REFRIGERANT BUSINESSES For the Natural Refrigerant group, the survey asked about the change in the Those already using or ofering NR solutions were asked about the percentage availability of natural refrigerant products and services by 2020. The most posi- of products and services with natural refrigerants from their total HVAC&R active outlook is indicated for CO2, with 57% of NR respondents stating that its tivities in Europe. For ammonia, nearly a third (31%) indicate its share to be be- use will experience a “strong increase”. For hydrocarbons (43%) and ammonia (50%), a “moderate increase” is the single most selected option. tween 51-100% of their total activities. For CO2 and hydrocarbons, 17% and 14%, respectively, state the same. Air and water are used to a much lesser extent. 116 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS STAFF

SHARE FROM TODAY’S ACTIVITIES & CHANGE BY 2020

WHAT IS THE SHARE OF STAFF INVOLVED IN NR ACTIVITIES IN YOUR ORGANISATION, ACROSS ALL DEPART- IN YOUR OPINION, HOW WILL THIS SHARE OF STAFF INVOLVED IN NR ACTIVITIES IN YOUR ORGANISATION MENTS AND ACTIVITY FIELDS IN EUROPE? CHANGE IN THE NEXT 7 YEARS?

1-5% Strong decrease 46,5% 22,7% 6-10% Moderate decrease 11-20% No change 21-50% Moderate increase 51-70% Strong increase 71-99% Don’t know 100% 15,1% Don’t know

13,0% 11,9% 11,9% 24,9% 10,3% 20,5% 9,2%

6,0% 117 3,8% 4,3%

Total responses: 185 Total responses: 185

1 NR GROUP: IN NEARLY /3 OF ORGANISATIONS MORE THAN NR GROUP: 70% ARE CONFIDENT NR-RELATED STAFF ACTIVI- 50% OF STAFF IS INVOLVED IN NR ACTIVITIES TIES WILL INCREASE BY 2020

While 9% of respondents confrm that 100% of the staf employed in their or- When asked about changes in the number of staf that would be involved in NR ganisation is involved in natural refrigerant activities, a total of 31% of respon- activities, a ffth of respondents are sure a “strong increase” will occur over the dents indicate that the share of staf members with NR-related activities is be- next 7 years. Close to half of all participants from the NR group (47%) is conf- tween 51-100% across all departments and activities in Europe. However, still dent a “moderate increase” will take place. No single respondent expects a nearly one quarter of respondents (23%) confrm that their organisation has “strong decrease” by 2020, but a quarter (25%) thinks the staf numbers in- only a 1-5% share of staf members involved in such activities. volved in NR-related activities will remain the same as in 2013. 4% are not sure about the direction of this development. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS R&D ACTIVITIES

SHARE FROM TODAY’S ACTIVITIES & CHANGE BY 2020

WHAT IS THE SHARE OF R&D ACTIVITIES DEDICATED TO NR, AS COMPARED TO ALL REFRIGERANT-RELATED IN YOUR OPINION, HOW WILL YOUR ORGANISATION’S R&D ACTIVITIES DEDICATED TO NR CHANGE IN THE R&D ACTIVITIES? NEXT 7 YEARS?

Strong decrease 20,9% 1-5% 52,5% 6-10% Moderate decrease 11-20% No change 21-50% Moderate increase 17,3% 51-70% Strong increase 71-99% Don’t know 15,1% 15,1% 100%

12,9%

9,4% 9,4% 18,8% 18,1%

118 1,9% 2,5% 6,3%

Total responses: 185 Total responses: 185

1 NR GROUP: MORE THAN /5 OF RESPONDENTS WITH R&D NR GROUP: HIGH MAJORITY EXPECT SIGNIFICANT INCREASE ACTIVITIES WITH DOMINANT FOCUS ON NR IN NATURAL REFRIGERANT R&D ACTIVITIES BY 2020

A majority of respondents to this question (17%) have no R&D activities related Out of those in the NR group with R&D activities related to refrigerants, a high to refrigerants. For those that do have such activities (see displayed chart), 28% 71% believe that natural refrigerant-focused initiatives would experience a have rather low R&D activities dedicated to NR (between 1-10% from total “moderate” or even “strong increase”. Only 4% are sure there will be a decrease refrigerant-related activities), while a high 45% of respondents dedicate be- in such activities by 2020. More than 6% are not sure yet which direction their tween 11-50% to HFC-free refrigerant R&D activities. Another 27% can be con- R&D activities regarding refrigerants will take. sidered proactive innovators to drive the development of NR solutions, with a share of 71-100% of refrigerant R&D activities dedicated to natural working fuids. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS R&D ACTIVITIES

DRIVERS & MAIN PARTNERS

PLEASE RATE THE FOLLOWING FACTORS ACCORDING TO THEIR IMPORTANCE IN DRIVING R&D IN NR IN THE FIELD OF NR DOES YOUR ORGANISATION ENGAGE IN JOINT R&D ACTIVITIES WITH ANY OF THE FOLLOW- ACTIVITIES: ING PARTIES?

Customers pushing for Universities 61,6% 30,3% 3,8% environmentally friendly Other companies (joint venture, suppliers, competitors) technology 46,0% Standards and industry bodies Private labs / research institutes 47,0% 46,0% 3,8% Competitive advantage Freelancing individuals / consultants 39,5% Government agencies / coalitions None of these 46,0% 43,8% 7,0% Anticipated regulatory changes 32,4% 29,2% 46,5% 36,8% 10,8% Customers pushing for new technology

21,6% 56,8% 16,2% Organisation’s public image 16,8% 16,2%

23,2% 42,2% 26,5% Government funding 8,1% 119 very important rather important rather not important not important

Total responses: 185 Total responses: 185

NR GROUP: CUSTOMERS, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE & REGU- NR GROUP: UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER COMPANIES ARE LATIONS PRIMARY REASONS FOR DRIVING R&D ON NATURAL PREFERRED PARTNERS IN NATURAL REFRIGERANT R&D REFRIGERANTS

Out of a list of 6 factors, 62% of respondents already actively using or ofering Close to half of those respondents with NR-related research and development natural refrigerant solutions indicate that customers pushing for environmen- activities (46%) currently work with universities to drive the development of tally friendly technology (average value of 3.5, on a scale from 1= not important such solutions forward, followed by cooperation with other companies (40%) in to 4= very important) would be “very important” for increasing eforts in NR- the same sector, including suppliers or competitors. Government bodies are related research and development. This is followed by achieving a competitive only used by 16% of respondents. Multiple responses were possible. advantage (3.4), and by anticipating regulatory changes (3.3), both translating into being “rather important”. PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR HVAC&R TECHNOLOGY & WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR NR

AVERAGE VALUES & PRICE PREMIUM

HOW IMPORTANT ARE THE FOLLOWING PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL EUROPEAN WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM PRICE PREMIUM ON THE INITIAL INVESTMENT, COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EURO- END-USERS IN INVESTING IN HVAC&R TECHNOLOGY? PEAN ENDUSERS ARE WILLING TO PAY FOR A NATURAL REFRIGERANT APPLICATION?

Capital cost, initial investment 3,6 0% (no price premium) max 2% max 5% max 10% max 20% max 30% 30+% Efciency, performance 3,6 Safety levels 3,6 15,7% Return on investement / life cycle cost 3,5 Compliance with current and upcoming legilsation 3,3 13,0% Reliability, compactness, weight 3,3 11,4% Availability & supply of technology 3,3 11,3% Environmental impact (direct + indirect emissions) 3,2 9,7% Refrigerant costs 3,2 Competitive advantage 3,1 7,0% 7,0% Trained servicing personell 3,1 CSR, greening corporate image 2,9 Financial support (tax credits, subsidies etc.) 2,9 Uniform standards (trade, safety, building codes etc.) 2,8 120 Information, general awareness 2,7

Total responses: 201 Total responses: 201

CAPITAL COST, EFFICIENCY, SAFETY & LIFE CYCLE COST ARE RESPONDENTS SPLIT OVER QUESTION ABOUT MAXIMUM KEY DECISION FACTORS FOR ANY HVAC&R TECHNOLOGY WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR NR-BASED TECHNOLOGY

Faced with a list of purchasing criteria for HVAC&R technology for commercial Regarding the question about the maximum price premium commercial and and industrial end-users, respondent’s selection allowed for 3 groups: 1) High industrial end-users are willing to pay (WTP) for an NR application, 3 distinct importance in the decision for or against any technology such as the initial in- groups emerge: 1) Low WTP below 5% price increase: 11% of respondents vestment cost, a system’s efciency & performance, its safety, and the return on believe no price premium is acceptable for NR solutions. Another 17% estimate Investment. These values above 3.5 indicate a “very important” factor. 2) Me- end-users to pay maximum 5% more on such systems. 2) Medium WTP 6-20% dium importance in such decision factors such as compliance with legislation, price increase: Most respondents (16%) believe end-users are willing to accept reliability, availability, environmental impact, and trained servicing staf. All val- a maximum 10% price increase, with another 11% saying it could go up to 20%. ues above 3.0 indicate a “rather important” factor. 3) Lower importance, not in 3) High WTP 21+% price increase: A fnal group is more confdent about end- absolute but relative terms, have CSR considerations, fnancial support, uniform users accepting a signifcantly higher price tag, with 20% saying that end-users standards, and general information / awareness. are willing to pay more than 21% as compared to other solutions. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES

OUTLOOK BY 2020, PER REFRIGERANT

WILL YOU PROVIDE / USE ANY NEW NATURAL REFRIGERANT (NR) PRODUCTS & SERVICES WITHIN THE NEXT 7 YEARS?

Don’t know 16% 6,8% 7% 27,9% 19% 22,3% 18,8% 12,4% 1,9% 2% Air 3,4% 4,7% 2,5% Water 2,4% HC 1,6% 3,1% 6,4% 5,6% 17,9% 1,9% CO2 5,4% 7% 30,9% 1,9% 2,9% Ammonia 21,3% 1,9% 32,1% 27,2% 40,0% 25,0% 32,8% 36,9% 33,2% 42,6% 27,7% 42,7% 28,8% 40,4% 33,6% 31,6% 24,3% 14,3% 14,1% 121 7,2% 2,9% 2,9% 4,7% Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration Refrigeration AC Stationary AC Mobile Heating Heating Domestic Light-CommercialIndustrial Transport Residential Industrial & / Commercial Commercial

OUTLOOK 2020: NEW APPLICATIONS FOR NATURAL REFRIGERANTS ON THE HORIZON

Among all respondents to this question (220) - including companies using and not yet using natural refrigerants - a high 43% of companies active in mobile air conditioning expect CO2 to be used in new products & services by 2020. Simi- larly positive is the outlook for CO2 in Commercial Refrigeration (43%) and Trans- port Refrigeration (40%). Ammonia has the best prospects in Industrial Refrig- eration (32%) and Industrial & Commercial Heating, while hydrocarbons will be used in new solutions for Domestic Refrigeration (40%), Residential Heating (33%) and Stationary A/C. Especially in Transport Refrigeration and Mobile Air Conditioning uncertainties seem to be high, with 28% and 22% not knowing what the future will bring. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: OUTLOOK 2020 BY APPLICATION

MARKET SHARE OF NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY ACROSS EUROPE IN 2020

DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION LIGHT-COMMERCIAL & COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION

0% 1-5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-50% More than 50% Don’t know

Ammonia 51 17 5 3 11 22 24 25 21 9 4 3 14

CO2 31 9 13 17 6 9 15 3 6 12 15 31 24 9

HC 4 4 6 8 16 50 12 5 12 18 22 20 15 8

Water 42 8 4 3 3 41 34 3 12 4 3 1 43 122

Air 45 6 3 4 1 41 40 6 6 121 44

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 in % in %

DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION: HYDROCARBON DOMINANCE TO COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION: CO2 ON ITS WAY TO BE THE CONTINUE MAINSTREAM SOLUTION

The leading role of HCs in European domestic refrigerators and freezers is to The current positive market trend for CO2 in Commercial Refrigeration will lead continue until 2020. Half of all respondents to this question (96 of192 in total) to an absolute market dominant position, nearly a quarter of all respondents estimate it to be “more than 50%”. No other natural refrigerant-based solution (24%) estimate. Another 31% expect the market share of CO2 to be at least at achieves similar rates, although 15% of respondents state that CO2 might take a 21-50%. Together, this clear majority testifes to the development of CO2 into a 21+% share of the market. mainstream solution for the commercial refrigeration sector. On the other hand, more than 1/3 of respondents (35%) are confdent that hydrocarbons will take a 21+% market share in 2020. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: OUTLOOK 2020 BY APPLICATION

MARKET SHARE OF NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY ACROSS EUROPE IN 2020

INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION

0% 1-5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-50% More than 50% Don’t know

Ammonia 3 3 4 11 26 43 10 54 11 3 3 3 26

CO2 3 9 17 23 31 9 9 10 11 13 16 19 9 23

HC 9 25 17 19 13 5 13 14 16 3 17 14 11 25

Water 30 12 11 7 11 38 49 4 2 2 44 123

Air 38 13 4 3 1 41 43 9 4 2 43

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 in % in %

INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION: AMMONIA TO REMAIN REFER- TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION: CO2 AND HC USE PROMISES

ENCE FOR INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION; CO2 TO CATCH UP HIGH POTENTIAL BY 2020

The dominant use of ammonia in industrial refrigeration is set to remain in exis- While the current market share of both CO2 and HC use in transport refrigera- tence by 2020, with 43% of respondents stating that the market share will be at tion is negligible, respondents experienced in this sector estimate their market 50+% in that year. Another quarter of respondents (26%) estimate it to be be- to evolve dynamically over the next 7 years, to reach high to dominant market tween 21 and 50% market share. 32% believe hydrocarbons could be at above shares. Around 1/10 of respondents (11 and 9%, respectively) are sure the mar- 21% market share, while an absolute majority of 54% thinks that CO2 will be a ket share of HCs and CO2 will be at above 50% from the total European market. serious contender on the European industrial refrigeration market with a 21% Another 14% and 19%, respectively, would estimate their market share to be at or higher market share. 21-50% by then. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: OUTLOOK 2020 BY APPLICATION

MARKET SHARE OF NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY ACROSS EUROPE IN 2020

STATIONARY AIR CONDITIONING MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING 0% 1-5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-50% More than 50% Don’t know

Ammonia 33 20 11 13 11 21 63 7 1 3 26

CO2 14 10 19 16 14 7 20 13 17 9 13 21 7 20

HC 2 13 15 22 23 7 18 21 6 8 10 27 8 20

Water 37 10 4 7 4 7 37 52 3 3 2 41 124

Air 44 5 6 2 44 43 6 5 2 2 43

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 in % in %

STATIONARY A/C: HYDROCARBONS SET TO INCREASE MARKET MOBILE A/C: HYDROCARBONS AND CO2 IN A RACE TO SHARE CAPTURE MORE MARKETS

Respondents are overall confdent that out of the set of natural refrigerants, hy- Despite recent signals from selected European-based car manufacturers to drocarbons would show the most promise in stationary air conditioning applica- launch CO2-based Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) in their vehicles before 2017, tions by 2020. The currently untapped potential for using HCs in residential A/C respondents testify to the positive prospects of using hydrocarbons in MAC, a applications is expected to also have led to this positive estimation. 30% esti- trend that has been established outside Europe in a high number of vehicles mate it to be at a market share of above 21%. Another 21% of respondents be- equipped with HC-based systems. Overall, it can be noted that, starting from a lieve CO2 could take similar market shares. Water achieves its highest agree- factual non-existence of MAC solutions with natural refrigerants in Europe (with ment rate across all investigated applications, with 7% saying the stationary A/ the exception of bus air conditioning), respondents expect the next 7 years to C sector will be dominated by water refrigerant-based solutions (market share bring further impetus to this market, in a race between HC and CO2 solutions. of 50+%). Overall, it needs to be noted that across all applications, respondents are largely not sure about the market prospects of both water and air. NATURAL REFRIGERANTS: OUTLOOK 2020 BY APPLICATION

MARKET SHARE OF NATURAL REFRIGERANT TECHNOLOGY ACROSS EUROPE IN 2020

RESIDENTIAL HEATING COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL HEATING

0% 1-5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-50% More than 50% don’t know

Ammonia 52 19 4 3 22 11 14 13 12 23 5 23

CO2 5 17 18 22 14 7 17 6 11 14 28 18 9 15

HC 7 17 9 17 20 11 20 5 20 14 15 18 8 21

Water 43 2 5 2 3 45 32 13 5 3 2 45 125

Air 39 5 2 4 50 37 9 2 4 49

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 in % in %

1 RESIDENTIAL HEATING: NEARLY /3 EXPECTS HC TO REACH COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL HEATING: NH3, CO2 AND HC ALL 21+% MARKET SHARES SERIOUS CONTENDERS IN EUROPE

Again, the use of hydrocarbons and CO2 seem to be the two most favoured solu- For larger heating applications, the market is expected to be split among solutions for an application not yet a mass market for natural refrigerants. Most re- tions using various natural refrigerants. The most positive prospects are pre- spondents (22%) believe the market for CO2 in residential heating could stand dicted for CO2, where an absolute majority of 55% states that at least a market at 11-20%, while another 21% estimate it to be at 21+% market share in 2020. share of 11% is possible. Included in this are 9% of respondents forecasting a For hydrocarbons, 1/5 believe that the share of HCs in residential heating could market share of more than 50% in Europe. Hydrocarbons and ammonia reach increase to 21-50%, while another 11% state it could go up to 50+% market agreement rates of 41% and 40%, respectively, for the same range of 11+% mar- share by then. ket share. 8% are of the opinion, HCs can take a 50+% market share by 2020. 126 EUROPEAN NATURAL REFRIGERANT BUSINESS DIRECTORY 127

The European Natural Refrigerant Business Directory includes two parts: a direc- Sorted by country, the directory indicates the type of activities, main HVAC&R tory listing the supporters for the GUIDE 2014 Natural Refrigerants: Continued industry sectors covered, as well as the natural refrigerants used in products and Growth and Innovation in Europe, and a directory of other European-based com- services. It lists and categorises system manufacturers, component suppliers, con- panies involved in the natural refrigerants business. tractors & installers, as well as marketing and consulting frms in the sector in European countries. Today, there are at least 400 European companies across Europe working with natural refrigerants, using CO2, ammonia, hydrocarbons, air and water in their If you want to be included in later editions of the GUIDEs for Europe or other products and services. world regions, please contact [email protected] SUPPORTERS DIRECTORY

ADVANSOR A/S ALFA LAVAL BITZER www.advansor.dk www.alfalaval.com www.bitzer.de System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial, Domestic, Trans- Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting port, Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial, Industrial, Air Conditioning - Mobile, Industrial & Commer- Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercia Marine & OEM cial Heating - Residential, Industrial, Commercial & OEM System Manufacturer Bautavej 1A Rudeboksvägen 1 Eschenbrünnlestraße 15 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark 22655 Lund, Sweden 71605 Sindelfngen, Germany +45 721 701 74 +46 46 36 65 00 +49 703 193 20

CARRIER COMMERCIAL DANFOSS DORIN REFRIGERATION www.danfoss.com www.dorin.com Component Supplier www.carrier-refrigeration.com Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Domestic, Transport, Industrial & 128 Engineering / Contracting Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Transport Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Sürther Hauptstrasse 173 Jegstrupvej 3 Via Aretina 388 50999 Cologne 8631 Hasselager, Denmark 50061 Compiobbi, Italy +49 223 660 101 +45 894 891 11 +39 055 623 211

DSI DANISH TECHNOLOGICAL EMBRACO www.dsi-as.com INSTITUTE www.embraco.com www.dti.dk System Manufacturer Consultancy / Research Component Supplier Component Supplier Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Domestic, Industrial & Commer- Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial cial Zona Industriale D1,- Via Frateli Gambino 7 Gregersensvej 1 10023 Chieri (Torino), Italy Parkvej 5 2630 Taastrup, Denmark +39 011 940 5611 9352 Dybvad, Denmark +45 72 20 20 00 +45 988 642 99 EMERSON CLIMATE FRIGO-CONSULTING AG GEA TECHNOLOGIES www.frigoconsulting.ch www.gearefrigeration.com www.emersonclimate.eu System Manufacturer, Component Supplier, En- Engineering / Contracting gineering / Contracting System Manufacturer, Component Supplier, Engi- neering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration- Transport, Industrial & Commer- Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial cial; AC - Mobile, Industrial & Commercial; Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Feldstrasse 30 Pascalstr.65 Peter-Müller-Str. 12 3073 Guemlingen, Switzerland 52076 Aachen, Germany 40468 Düsseldorf, Germany +41 319 964 848 +49 240 892 90 +49 211 913 60

GREEN & COOL GÜNTNER AG & CO.KG JOHNSON CONTROLS www.greenandcool.com www.guentner.com www.jci.com System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer, Component Supplier, En- Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting gineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial 129 Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Christian D.X’s Vej 201 Handelsvägen 17 Hans-Güntner-Str. 2 - 6 8270 Hoejbjerg, Denmark 973 45 Luleå, Sweden 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany +45 873 670 00 +46 920-24 54 50 +49 8141 242 0

LINDE MAYEKAWA EUROPE PARKER HANNIFIN www.linde-gas.com www.mayekawa.eu www.parker.com Refrigerant Supplier Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Domestic, Transport, Industrial & Refrigeration - Domestic, Transport, Industrial & Component Supplier Commercial Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Mobile, Commercial & Indus- Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial trial Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Wankelstr. 40 Leuvensesteenweg 605 Seitnerstrasse 70 50996 Köln, Germany 1930 Zaventem, Belgium 82049 Pullach, Germany +49 223 639 000 +49 89 7446 2399 +32 275 790 75 SANDEN MANUFACTURING SHRIEVE PRODUCTS SINTEF EUROPE INTERNATIONAL www.sintef.no www.sanden-europe.fr www.shrieve.com Consultancy / Research Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial System Manufacturer Lubricant and fluid supplier Air Conditioning - Industrial &Commercial Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Domestic, Transport, Industrial & Refrigeration - Domestic, Transport, Industrial & Air Conditioning - Mobile, Residential Commercial, Air Conditioning - Mobile, Industrial Commercial & Commercial Le Quilliou - BP30 Strindveien 4 35190 Tinténiac, France Suite 39, 40 Churchill Square 7465 Trondheim, Norway +33 299 45 58 58 ME194YU West Mailing (Kent), UK +47 73 59 30 00 +44 173 2520600

SSP KÄLTEPLANER AG SWEP www.kaelteplaner.ch www.swep.net Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial 130 Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Transport Bittertenstrasse 15 Air Conditioning - Industrial & Commercial 4702 Oensingen, Switzerland Hjalmar Brantings väg 5 +41 623 880 350 26122 Landskrona +46 418 400 400 DIRECTORY

AUSTRIA

AHT COOLING SYSTEMS FRIGOPOL- KÄLTEANLAGEN GREEN SOLUTION: KÄLTE- www.aht.at GMBH KLIMA-ENERGIETECHNIK www.frigopol.com GMBH!! System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting www.green-solution.at System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

HAUSER HEROLD KLIMA - LIEBHERR-HAUSGERÄTE LIENZ GMBH UND KÄLTEANLAGEN GMBH www.liebherr.com/en-GB/35268.wfw www.hauser.com 131 www.herold.at

Component Supplier Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Domestic Refrigeration - Industrial

LACHHOFER KÄLTETECHNIK M-TEC ENERGIE.INNOVATIV NEURA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.neura.at GMBH GMBH www.lachhofer.at www.m-tec.at System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial OBRIST PINK PRIESTERATH.NET - KÄLTE- www.obrist.at http://pink.co.at KLIMA-TECHNIK http://priesterath.net Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Transport Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

VENTREX!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.ventrex.com

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial 132 Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

BELGIUM

AB REFRIGERATION DIVISION BALTIMORE AIRCOIL INTERNA- DRU INTERNATIONAL !!!!!!!!! www.abcoolservice.be TIONAL EU www.dru.be

Engineering / Contracting www.baltimoreaircoil.eu System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Industrial System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial ECO-FREEZE EVAPCO EU INDUSTRIËLE KOELTECHNIEK ROOSE www.eco-freeze.com www.evapco.be www.koeltechniekroose.be

Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigerant Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

ITE N.V. MASTER COOL EUROPE SABCOBEL www.ite-tools.com www.mastercool.com www.sabcobel.be 133 Component Supplier Refrigeration - Domestic Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Transport Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Mobile

SHECCO www.shecco.com

Consultancy/Marketing BULGARIA

BG CLIMA TECHNO-FRIGA www.bgclima.eu www.technofriga.com Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

CROATIA

FRIGOMOTORS www.frigomotors.com System Manufacturer Component Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Engineering / Contracting 134 Refrigerant Supplier Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial

CYPRUS

AGMFOODTECH LTD REFRIGERATION ENERGY www.agmfoodtech.com TECHNOLOGIES LTD http://www.ret.com.cy Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial CZECH REPUBLIC

BOHEMIACHLAD! OSTROV COMPLETE SINOP www.bohemiachladpraha.cz www.ostrovcomplete.com www.sinop.cz

Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

DENMARK

2CR KØLETEKNIK ! AGRAMKOW ARCTIS www.2cr.dk www.agramkow.com www.arctis.dk 135

Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Transport Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Domestic Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

B-COOL CONSULT!!!!! BUNDGAARD KØLETEKNIK A/S BUUS KØLETEKNIK A/S www.bcconsult.dk www.coolcare.dk www.buus.dk

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Consultancy/Marketing Component Supplier Refrigeration - Transport Refrigeration - Transport Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential CARAVELL CHRISTIAN BERG COOLING CONSULT www.caravell.dk www.christianberg.dk www.coolingconsult.dk

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

CRONBORG DÆNCKER KØLEINVENTAR APS DANARCTICA!!!!!!!!!!! www.cronborg.dk www.daencker.dk www.danarctica.com 136 Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Transport Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Mobile

DANFRIG AS DANKØL A/S DANKØLING A/S www.danfrig.dk www.dankoel.dk http://dankoeling.dk

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Consultancy/Marketing Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigerant Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial EUREFA APS ESBEN KØLESERVICE FRIGORTEK COOLING SYSTEMS www.eurefa.com www.esbenkoeleservice.dk www.frigortek.dk

Engineering / Contracting Contracting Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

FRISKVAND GERSTENBERG SCHRÖDER! GK KØLE- OG KLIMATEKNIK www.friskvand.dk www.gs-as.com APS 137 System Manufacturer System Manufacturer www.gk-k.dk Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial

GRAM REFRIGERATION GRAMSTRUP KØLING A/S GRUNDFOS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.gram-commercial.com www.gramstrup-as.dk www.grundfos.com

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential HB PRODUCTS A/S ICS ENERGY – INDUSTRIAL IM GRUPPEN!!! www.hbproducts.dk COOLING SYSTEMS www.uk.industri-montage.dk www.icsenergy.dk Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Transport Engineering / Design Refrigeration - Industrial

INNOTEK ISLEV VVS & KLIMA JF KØLETEKNIK www.innotek.dk www.islevvvs.dk www.jf-koeleteknik.dk 138 System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Heating - Residential Consultancy/Marketing Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

JT3 KLIMA A/S KNUDSEN KØLING KØLEMADSEN A/S www.jt3.dk www.knudsenkoling.dk www.koelemadsen.dk

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial KUVATEK METALFRIO SOLUTIONS A/S MULTI KØL www.kuvatek.dk www.metalfrio.dk www.multikoel.dk

System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport

NILAN NORDKØL PG FLOWTEKNIK SCANDINA- www.nilan.dk www.nordkoel.dk VIA APS 139 www.pgfowteknik.dk System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Component Supplier Refrigeration-Transport Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

SA-AL KØLETEKNIK APS SKIPPER´S KØLETEKNIK !!!!! SKJØDT KØLETEKNIK www.koleteknik.dk www.skippers.dk www.xn--skjdt-xua.dk

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial SØBORG KØL A/S !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! SUPER KØL SVEDAN INDUSTRI KOELAN- www.soborg-kol.dk LAEG A-S Engineering / Contracting www.svedan.com Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

VESTFROST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! VOJENS KØLETEKNIK A/S www.vestfrost.dk www.voko.dk

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration - Industrial 140

ESTONIA

NORPE EESTI www.norpe.ee

System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial FINLAND

AX CONSULTING LTD !! CUPORI FINESS ENERGY LTD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.ax.f www.cupori.com www.fness.f

Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential

GRANLUND ! HUURRE GROUP OY !!!!!!!!! JETITEK LTD www.granlund.f www.huurre.com www.jetitek.f 141 Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

LAKEUDEN KYLMÄKESKUS OY LUVATA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NORPE ! www.lakeudenkylmakeskus.f www.luvata.com www.norpe.f

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential OILON SCANCOOL PORKKA ! RE-ENGINEERING LTD! www.oilon.com/scancool/ www.porkka.f www.re-suunnittelu.f

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration-Transport

VAHTERUS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.vahterus.f

System Manufacturer Component Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial 142 Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

FRANCE

ALDES ! AXIMA REFRIGERATION! BONNET NÉVÉ!!!!!!!! www.aldes.fr www.aximaref.com www.bonnetneve.com

System Manufacturer System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial BOOSTHEAT CARLY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! CIAT ! www.boostheat.com www.carly-sa.com www.ciat.fr

System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential

CLAUGER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LA GFF ! LA ROBINET FRIGORIFIQUE www.clauger.eu www.lagf.com FRANÇAIS 143 www.rf-france.com System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

LITHEX ! PAUMIER !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! PROFROID!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.lithex.fr www.profroid.com www. ets-paumier.fr Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial TECUMSEH EUROPE! www.tecumseh.com

Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Domestic

GERMANY

3K KÄLTE- UND KLIMATECHNIK AGO AG ENERGIE + ANLAGEN ! ALLINOX GMBH – KUNZE FOOD KRUSE GMBH www.ago.ag TECHNOLOGY 144 www.3k-kruse.de Engineering / Contracting www.allinox.de Consultancy/Marketing Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial

ALPHA INNOTEC - AIT- ARCTOS INDUSTRIEKÄLTE AG ARMATURENWERK ALTEN- DEUTSCHLAND GMBH www.arctos-ag.com BURG www.alpha-innotec.de www.awa-armaturenwerk.de Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial CABERO !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! COMPACT KAELTETECHNIK CHRISTOF FISCHER GMBH www.cabero.de www.compact-kaeltetechnik.de www.kaeltefscher.de

System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Industrial & Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

DEKA CONTROLS !!!!!!! DK-KÄLTEANLAGEN GMBH DRESDNER !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.deka-controls.com www.dk-kaelteanlagen.de www.dka-dresden.de 145 Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

EKS LINDAU GMBH! ESK SCHULTZE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! FREUDENBERG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.eks-lindau.de www.esk-schultze.de www.fst.com

Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Mobile FRIGOTEAM ! FUTRON ! GFKK GESELLSCHAFT FÜR www.frigoteam.com www.futron.de KÄLTETECHNIK - KLIMA- Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer TECHNIK GMBH Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting www.gfkk.de Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Air Conditioning - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

HAAS ANLAGENBAU GMBH HAFNER-MUSCHLER KÄLTE- HAUTEC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.anlagenbau-haas.de UND KLIMATECHNIK GMBH & www.hautec.eu 146 System Manufacturer CO. KG System Manufacturer Component Supplier www.hafner-muschler.de Heating - Residential Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial

HEIFO RÜTERBORIES GMBH & HKT HUBER-KÄLTE-TECHNIK HUBER ! CO. KG GMBH ! www.huber-online.com www.heifo.de www.hkt-goeldner.de System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration-Domestic Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial IXETIC ! KACO GMBH&CO. KG ! KAELTE CONCEPT www.ixetic.com www.kaco.de www.kaelte-concept.de

Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Design Air Conditioning - Mobile Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Commercial

KÄLTETECHNIK DRESEN + KÄLTETECHNIK HARRER KB KÄLTEBERATUNG GMBH BREMEN GMBH www.kaeltetechnik-harrer.de www.kaelte-beratung.de 147 www.dresen-kaelte.de Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

KLIMAL ! KONVEKTA AG ! KREUTZTRÄGER KÄLTE- www.klimal.de www.konvekta.de TECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG!

Component Supplier System Manufacturer www.kreutztraeger-kaeltetechnik.de Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Industrial LIPPELT ! MAJA ! MAKATEC ! www.lippelt.de www.maja.de www.makatec.eu

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

MANGELS KÄLTE TECHNIK MATTES ENGINEERING GMBH PAKT GMBH www.mattes-int.com www.pakt.de 148 www.mangels-kaeltetechnik.de Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

ROBERT SCHIESSL GMBH REGELTECHNIK KORN- SCHICK GRUPPE! www.schiessl-kaelte.de WESTHEIM GMBH ! www.schickgruppe.de www.rtk.de Component Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport SCHWIER GMBH! SPECK TRIPLEX!! TEKO www.schwier-kaelte.de www.speck-triplex.de www.teko-kaeltetechnik.com

Component Supplier Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

TEMTEC KÄLTE-KLIMA GMBH TH. WITT KÄLTEMASCHINEN- THERMEA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.temtec-kaelteklima.de FABRIK GMBH www.thermea.de 149 www.th-witt.com Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Component Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

THERMOFIN GMBH! THERMOWAVE GESELLSCHAFT TLK-THERMO GMBH www.thermofn.de FÜR WÄRMETECHNIK www.tlk-thermo.com www.thermowave.de System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial, Industrial& Trans- Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial port Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Mobile VAILLANT ! VAU THERMOTECH GMBH & CO VULKAN LOKRING! www.vaillant.de www.vau-thermotech.de www.vulkan-lokring.com

System Manufacturer Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration -Domestic Refrigeration-Domestic Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

WALTER HAUPT GMBH WALTER ROLLER GMBH & CO. WIELAND-WERKE AG www.haupt-gmbh.de www.walterroller.com www.wieland.de 150 Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport

WIKA ! WILHELM SCHRIEFER GMBH www.wika.de www.schriefer-kaelte.de

Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Mobile GREECE

AFOI MOUTEVELI LTD FRIGOGLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!! HALCOR METAL WORKS S.A. www.afoimouteveli.gr www.frigoglass.com www.halcor.gr

Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Heating - Residential Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

I. KONTES SA!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!! www.kontes.gr

System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting 151 Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Residential

HUNGARY

LHG KFT. QPLAN KFT.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ROZMARING-SZALO LTD! www.lhg.hu www.qplan.hu www.rszalo.hu

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial ICELAND

KÆLIVER ! www.kaeliver.is

Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

IRELAND

ECOCUTE INNOVATION AND H&K INTERNATIONAL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! INGERSOLL RAND THERMO DESIGN LTD www.hki.com KING 152 www.ecocute.ie Engineering / Contracting www.company.ingersollrand.com Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Air Con- ditioning - Residential

MJC ENGINEERING !!!!! MRSLREF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! MURCO !!!!!!!!!!! www.mjcengineering.net www.mrslref.com www.murcogasdetection.com

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential RSL IRELAND ! www.rslireland.com

Component Supplier Engineering / Designing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

ITALY

ARNEG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BLUE BOX BLUPURA ! www.arneg.it www.bluebox.it www.blupura.com 153 System Manufacturer System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Designing Engineering / Designing Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Domestic

CAREL ! CASTEL ! COSTAN SPA ! www.carel.com www.castel.it www.costan.com

Component Supplier Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential DELONGHI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ELIWELL CONTROLS SRL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ENERBLUE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.delonghi.com www.eliwell.it www.enerblue.it

System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial

ENEX SRL EUROKLIMAT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! EPTA www.enex.it www.euroklimat.com www.eptarefrigeration.com 154 System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

FRASCOLD SPA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! FRICO TECNICA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! G.I. INDUSTRIAL HOLDING !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! www.frascold.it www.fricotecnica.com www.gind.it

Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential GALILEO TP ! GEOCLIMA ! GTS ! www.galileotp.com www.geoclima.com www.gtsspa.it

Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Domestic

HPH IRC SRL IARP ! IGLU COLD SYSTEMS SRL www.hph-irc.com www.iarp.it www.iglu.it 155 Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

INDESIT CO. INDUSTRIAL FRIGO INNOVARIA SRL www.indesitcompany.com www.industrialfrigo.com www.innovaria.com

System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Component Supplier Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Mobile LU-VE OCS DI MAGGIOLO GIAN- ONDA S.P.A. www.luve.it CARLO www.onda-it.com www.ocsmaggiolo.it System Manufacturer Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

REFRIGERA INDUSTRIALE SRL RINNAI ITALIA RIVACOLD www.refrigera.eu www.rinnai.it www.rivacold.com 156 Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Component Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

ROBUR SCM FRIGO SCOTSMAN FRIMONT SPA www.robur.it www.scmfrigo.com www.frimont.it

System Manufacturer System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial SETTALA GAS SPA STEFANI S.P.A. TEKLAB www.settalagas.it www.stefani-online.com www.teklab.eu

Refrigerant Supplier System Manufacturer Component Supplier Heating - Residential Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Residential

THERMOCOLD THERMOKEY WIGAM www.thermocold.it www.thermokey.it www.wigam.it 157 System Manufacturer Component Supplier Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Mobile Air Conditioning - Residential

ZANOTTI www.zanotti.com

System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting LITHUANIA

JSC ROLVIKA GREENGROUP SNAIGĖ AB www.rolvika.lt www.greengroup.lt www.snaige.lt

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

LUXEMBOURG

COOL-TEC SA DOMETIC www.cool-tec.lu www.dometic.com

Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial 158

MACEDONIA

ENERGIJA INFOSET LTD !! OZON www.energija.com.mk www.infoset.com.mk www.ozon.com.mk Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Heating - Residential Heating - Residential Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial THE NETHERLANDS

BDA COOLING SOLUTIONS COLDSTOREDESIGN COOL GREEN SOLUTIONS www.bda-cooling.nl www.coldstoredesign.com www.coolgreensolutions.nl

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

COOLSULTANCY ROB JANS FLAMCO www.famcogroup.com GOVERS KOELTECHNIEK B.V. www.coolsultancy.nl www.goverskoeltechniek.nl Component Supplier 159 Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

IBK KOUDETECHNIEK INDUTHERM KOMA www.ibkgroep.nl www.indutherm.nl www.koma.com

System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial KWA BUSINESS CONSULTANTS MAREFSUP BV NIJSSEN KOELING www.kwa.nl www.marefsup.nl www.nijssen.com

Consultancy/Marketing System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Heating - Industrial & Commercial Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigerant Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Air Conditioning - Residential Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Consultancy/Marketing Refrigerant Supplier Refrigerant Supplier Heating - Residential Heating - Residential

NLR OMNIVENT PCT INTERNATIONAL BV www.nlr.nl www.omnivent.nl www.pct.nl 160 Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Research Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

POLYTECHNIEK BC P.W. VLASKAMP B.V. REFRIG- RETAIL TECHNICS www.polytechniek.nl ERATION CONSULTANCY www.retailtechnics.com www.vlaskamp.biz Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial ROBBERTSEN CONSULT UNIECHEMIE VAN ABEELEN KOELTECHNIEK www.robbertsenconsult.nl www.uniechemie.nl B.V. www.vanabeelenkoeltechniek.nl Consultancy/Marketing Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial &Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Mobile

VAN KEMPEN KOUDETECH- VELD KOELTECHNIEK !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! VINK KOELTECHNIEK NIEK www.veld.nl www.vinkkoeltechniek.nl 161 www.vankempen-tiel.nl Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

VHK WIJBENGA B.V. www.vhk.nl www.wijbenga.nl

Consultancy/Marketing Component Supplier Heating - Residential Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Residential & Mobile NORWAY

BØRRESEN COOLTECH AS ELMO TEKNIKK AS HØIAX www.borresen.no www.elmo.no www.hoiax.no

Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration-Transport

HYDRO MODERNE KJØLING NORSK KULDE www.hydro.com www.renkulde.no www.norskkulde.com 162 Component Supplier Component Supplier System Manufacturer Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Mobile

SWECO NORGE AS THERMO CONSULT AS TRONDHEIM KULDE www.sweco.no www.thermoconsult.no www.trondheimkulde.no

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial VALDRES VARMEPUMPE AS www.valdresvp.no

Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial

POLAND

COLDEX FIRMA LEMAN KLIMA-THERM www.coldex.pl www.frma-leman.pl www.klima-therm.pl 163 Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

KRZYSZTOF MAKOWSKI CHŁOD- LODEKO PPH COOL NICTWO www.lodeko.eu www.cool.pl

Component Supplier www.amoniak.com.pl System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Domestic PRONIK POLSKA ZRM URZĄDZEŃ CHŁODNIC- www.prorink.pl ZYCH I MLECZARSKICH S.C www.coldfront.pl Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

PORTUGAL

CENTAURO H.SEABRA FRIO INDUSTRIAL TENSAI www.centauro.pt www.hseabra.seabraglobal.com www.tensai.pt 164 Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Domestic

A. SILVA MATOS METALOME- NOVAFRIO CANICA www.novafrio.pt

www.asilvamatos.pt Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial ROMANIA

AB TECHNIC PROFESIONAL ARCTIC SC FRIGOTEHNICS SERVICES SPRL www.arctic.ro www.friginstall.ro

www.abtehnic.ro Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

FRIGOCONSULT www.frigoconsult.ro

Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial 165

SLOVAKIA

ABC FOOD MACHINERY INTECH SLOVAKIA PRIMACHLAD S.R.O. www.abcfood.sk www.intechenergo.sk www.primachlad.sk

Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial SLOVENIA

VAKO KLIMAPETEK KOTA D.O.O. PETROVČE www.vako.si www.klimapetek.si www.kota.si

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

SPAIN

AGEFRED SL COFRICO SL CUBIGEL COMPRESSORS www.agefred.es www.cofrico.com www.cubigel.com 166 Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Component Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigerant Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

EFFICOLD ELECTROAUTO SA. FRIMETAL www.efcold.com www.electroauto.net www.frimetal.es

System Manufacturer Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Mobile Refrigeration - Industrial FROST-TROL INDUSTRIAS TÉCNICAS DE KINARCA www.frost-trol.com GALICIA, S.A. (INTEGASA) www.kinarca.com www.integasa.com System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

KOXKA RV COOLING TECH REFRICOMP INGENIERÍA www.koxka.com www.rvcoolingtech.com www.refricomp.com 167 System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport

TEWIS SMART SYSTEMS TIENSA TUCAL www.tewis.com www.teinsa.net www.tucal.es System Manufacturer Component Supplier System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Residential, Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential VASEGRUP ESPAÑA www.vg-es.com

Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

SWEDEN

CUPROBRAZE ENRAD AB FRIGINOR www.cuprobraze.com www.enrad.se www.friginor.se 168 Component Supplier System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

G&L BEIJER REF AB HAGLUND INDUSTRI NIBE AB www.beijerref.com www.haglundindustri.se www.nibe.se

Component Supplier System Manufacturer System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Heating - Residential Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial NR KYL ! RAMBÖLL SVERIGE AB SRS FRIGADON LTD www.nrkyl.se www.ramboll.se www.srs-frigadon.com

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

TEMPER TECHNOLOGY AB TRANTER INTERNATIONAL AB www.temper.se www.tranter.com

Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial 169

SWITZERLAND

A. SCHLEISS AG ACOENERGY GMBH ALPIQ www.schleissag.ch www.acoenergy.ch www.alpiq-energyservices.ch

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential Air Conditioning - Residential AMSTEIN + WALTHERT BERN BAUMGARTNER KÜHLANLA- BUCHER AG AG GEN AG www.kaeltebucher.ch www.amstein-walthert.ch www.baumgartner-kaelte.ch Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

BRASSER KAELTE AG CELSIO KÄLTE + KLIMA AG CLIMANET www.brasserkaelte.ch www.celsio.ch www.climanet.ch 170 Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

CTA AG E. BIAGGINI SA FRIGORIE SA www.cta.ch www.biaggini.com www.frigorie.ch

System Manufacturer Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial FRIOTHERM AG FROSTEC KÄLTETECHNIK GEORG FISCHER PIPING www.friotherm.com www.frostec.ch SYSTEMS AG www.georgfscher.com System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial& Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

HAVO GROUP JÄGGI/GÜNTNER AG KÄLTE 3000 AG www.havo.ch www.jaeggi-hybrid.ch www.kaelte3000.com 171 Engineering / Contracting System Manufacturer Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

KÄLTE AG BASEL KB KÄLTEBERATUNG GMBH KÄLTE FM AG www.kaelte-basel.ch www.kaelte-beratung.de www.kaelte-fm.com

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial KÄLTE-STERN AG KÄLTERING AG KIMESSA www.kaelte-stern.ch www.kaelteringag.ch www.kimessa.com

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

KOLB KÄLTE AG LIECHTI AG NEW FRIGOTECH SA www.kolbkaelte.ch www.liechti-frauenfeld.ch www.new-frigotech.ch 172 Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

PAULUS SCHWEIZ AG SCHECO STADELMANN UND LEVIN AG www.paulusag.ch www.scheco.ch www.stadelmann-levin.ch

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial TRUTTMANN AG KÜHLANAL- WALTER WETTSTEIN AG GEN www.wwag.ch

www.truttmannag.ch Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial

TURKEY

FRITERM GOKCELER IC VE DIS TIC SOG KARYER ISI TRANSFER SANAYI www.friterm.com SIS AS VE TICARET A.S. System Manufacturer www.gokcelersogutma.com www.karyergroup.com Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial 173 Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

UKRAINE

PRIMEHOLOD ДП "НИКОЛАЕВХОЛОД" www.primeholod.com.ua www.nikolaevholod.at.ua

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial UK

A-GAS ACE REFRIGERATION ADANDE REFRIGERATION www.agas.com www.acerefrigeration.co.uk www.adande.com

Refrigerant Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Domestic Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential

ARCTIC CIRCLE LTD ARRIBA COOLTECH BJA REFRIGERATION CONSULT- www.acl-online.com www.arribacooltech.co.uk ING ENGINEERS 174 Component Supplier Component Supplier www.bjacool.co.uk Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

BLIGHLINE LTD BOC INDUSTRIAL GASES BROOKTHERM REFRIGERATION www.blighline.co.uk www.boconline.co.uk LTD www.brooktherm.co.uk Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial BURO HAPPOLD CARTER RETAIL EQUIPMENT CARTER SYNERGY www.burohappold.com www.cre-ltd.co.uk www.cartersynergy.com

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

CCS REFRIGERATION LTD CHEMVIRON CARBON CHILLCO NW LTD www.ccsrefrigeration.com www.chemvironcarbon.com www.chillconw.com 175 Engineering / Contracting Refrigerant Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport

COOLCONCERNS LTD. DCI REFRIGERATION DIMPLEX www.coolconcerns.co.uk www.dcirefrigeration.co.uk www.dimplex.co.uk

Consultancy/Marketing Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Heating - Industrial & Commercial ECOCOOLING ECO-FRIDGE UK LTD ELSTAT www.ecocooling.org www.eco-fridge.co.uk www.elstatgroup.com

Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

FT REFRIGERATION LTD FOSTER REFRIGERATION LTD FREEZERTECH www.ftrefrigeration.co.uk www.fosterrefrigerator.co.uk www.freezertech.co.uk 176 Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial

FROST TECH GEORGE BARKER&CO. GI ENERGY www.frosttech.co.uk www.georgebarker.co.uk www.gienergy.net

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Residential Heating - Industrial & Commercial GR SCOTT LTD GREEN COOLING HAMILTON CLARK www.grscott.co.uk www.greencooling.co.uk www.hamilton-clark.co.uk

Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial

HENRY TECHNOLOGIES HRP LTD HUSKY GROUP www.henrytech.co.uk www.hrponline.co.uk www.huskyproducts.com 177 Component Supplier Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Domestic Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Air Conditioning - Residential & Mobile

I-A.C.SYSTEMS ICS HEATPUMPS IDS REFRIGERATION (CLI- www.i-acs.co.uk www.icsheatpumps.co.uk MALIFE) www.idsrefrigeration.co.uk Component Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial Engineering / Contracting Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigerant Supplier Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential MONTGOMERY TRANSPORT NH3 REFRIGERATION OCEANAIR (UK) LTD GROUP www.NH3.co.uk www.oceanairuk.com www.montgomerytransportgroup.com Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Consultancy/Marketing Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Industrial

PANASONIC RCS ENERGY MANAGEMENT RDA (ENVIRONMENTAL www.panasonic.eu www.rcsenergymanagement.co.uk ENGINEERING LIMITED) 178 Component Supplier Component Supplier www.rda-eng.com Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial System Manufacturer Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

RESOURCE DATA MANAGE- SEWARD REFRIGERATION SPACE ENGINEERING MENT www.sewardrefrigeration.com SERVICES www.resourcedm.com www.space-engineering.co.uk Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Industrial Component Supplier Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Industrial Air Conditioning - Residential STAR REFRIGERATION S I SEALY & ASSOCIATES LTD TITAN ENGINEERING LTD. www.star-ref.co.uk www.sisealy.co.uk www.titan-engineering.co.uk

Engineering / Contracting Engineering / Contracting Component Supplier Consultancy/Marketing Refrigeration - Industrial Engineering / Contracting Heating - Residential Air Conditioning - Commercial & Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Heating - Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration-Transport Refrigeration - Industrial

THERMAL TRANSFER TECHNOL- TRUE MANUFACTURING VERCO LIMITED OGY LTD www.trumfg.com www.ver.co.uk 179 www.three-t.co.uk Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Component Supplier Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial

WR REFRIGERATION WILLIAMS REFRIGERATION www.wrref.com www.williams-refrigeration.com

Engineering / Contracting Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Commercial Refrigeration - Industrial REFERENCES ABOUT NATURAL REFRIGERANTS NATURAL REFRIGERANT ECOSYSTEMS - EUROPE

Heaney C, Swinard R., Pang A. and West S. (2007) Natural refrigerants case stud- CITY, BUILDINGS & TRANSPORT ies – information and case studies for Australian businesses, Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH). [ONLINE] Available at: ARCTOS (2013) NH3 soil freezing units with screw compressors. [ONLINE] Avail- http://mail.airah.org.au/downloads/natural-refrigerants-case-studies.pdf able at: [Accessed 13 December 2013] http://www.arctos-ag.com/englisch/pdf/Job%20Report%209_NH3%20soil%20freezing %20units_eng.pdf Kilicarslan A. and Muller N. (2005) A comparative study of water as a refrigerant [Accessed 31 October 2013] with some current refrigerants. International Journal of Energy Research. [On- l i n e ] 2 9 , 9 4 7 – 9 5 9 . A v a i l a b l e f r o m : ARCTOS (2013) CO2 / NH3 soil-freezing containerised refrigeration unit. [ON- http://www.egr.msu.edu/mueller/NMReferences/MuellerKilicarslan2005_IntJEnergyR LINE] Available at: es_ComparativeStudyR718.pdf http://www.arctos-ag.com/englisch/pdf/Job%20Report%202_CO2%20%20NH3%20soil [Accessed 13 December 2013] %20freezing%20container_eng.pdf [Accessed 31 October 2013] Kalitzin N., Wobst E., and Apley R. (2004) Turbo Water Chiller with Water as Refrig- erant, International Compressor Engineering Conference,1625. School of Me- eurammon (2012) Environment-friendly heat supply with heat pumps using chanical Engineering, Purdue University. [Online] Available from: natural refrigerants. [ONLINE] Available at: 180 http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2624&context=icec http://www.eurammon.com/node/314 [Accessed 13 December 2013] [Accessed 30 October 2013]

The Grimsby Institute (n.d) Air Cycle Refrigeration, Food Refrigeration & Process Green Cooling (2012) First Hotel to use CO2 refrigerant. [ONLINE] Available at: Engineering Research Center. The Grimsby Institute of Further & Higher Educa- http://www.greencooling.co.uk/case-study-1.php t i o n . [ O n l i n e ] A v a i l a b l e f r o m : [Accessed 8 November 2013] http://www.grimsby.ac.uk/documents/frperc/research/aircycle_research.pdf [Accessed 13 December 2013] Green Cooling (2012) A UK frst - CO2 for a hospital catering facility. [ONLINE] Available at: Venkatarathnam G. and Srinivasa Murthy S. (2012) Refrigerants for Vapour Com- http://www.greencooling.co.uk/case-study-2.php pression Refrigeration Systems. Resonance, Journal of the Indian Academy of [Accessed 8 November 2013] S c i e n c e s . F e b r u a r y , 1 3 9 - 1 6 2 . [ O n l i n e ] A v a i l a b l e f r o m : hydrocarbons21.com (13 November 2013) Public Utilities in Lübbecke use R290 http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/Volumes/17/02/0139-0162.pdf [Accessed 31 January 2013] for economical and environmentally friendly cooling. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/news/view/4697 [Accessed 14 November 2013]

hydrocarbons21.com (5 November 2013) UK’s largest ever propane chiller installation at The Co-op’s new headquarters. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/news/view/4682 R744.com (13 June 2013) Norwegian housing cooperative wins prize with Green [Accessed 8 November 2013] & Cool CO2 units. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4311 R718.com (15 November 2012) Adsorption chiller integrated into CO2 transcriti- [Accessed 30 October 2013] cal system reduces energy consumption. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r718.com/news/view/3676 R744.com (7 May 2013) Large Furniture Store chooses Green & Cool refrigera- [Accessed 31 October 2013] tion system. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4201 R718.com (29 October 2013) MediaCityUK awarded for minimising environ- [Assessed 30 October 2013] mental impact. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r718.com/news/view/4662 R744.com (5 December 2011) UPDATE: German federal subsidy for district heat- [Accessed 30 October 2013] ing with CO2 heat pump. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/1372 R718.com (18 April 2013) Sustainable architecture: absorption chillers cool trans- [Accessed 30 October 2013] formed Reichstag. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r718.com/news/view/4124 Stene, J. (2008) Design and application of ammonia heat pump systems for heat- [Accessed 30 October 2013] ing and cooling of non-residential buildings, SINTEF Energy Research, Depart- ment of Energy Processes. [ONLINE] Available at: R718.com (27 August 2013) 75% solar energy conversion using photovoltaic http://www.unepie.org/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/6298-e-SintefBuildings.pdf 181 thermal system with adsorption cooling. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 8 November 2013] http://www.r718.com/news/view/4508 [Accessed 31 October 2013] Sweco (2008), Information from Sweco Grøner AS, Norway ABB (2013): “ABB motors power world’s largest heat pump district heating plant” R718.com (21 August 2013) Absorption refrigeration provides welcome cool to http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/23d31cd6c92c87f6c1257bb7004d5c32.aspx sunny Mediterranean. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 30 October, 2013] http://www.r718.com/news/view/4495 [Accessed 31 October 2013] Vad Mathiesen, B., Boje Blarke, M., Hansen, K., Connolly, D. (2011) The role of large-scale heat pumps for short term integration of renewable energy, Depart- R718.com (12 August 2013) 18kW absorption chiller driven by solar energy and ment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University. [ONLINE] Available at: gas boiler. [ONLINE] Available at: http://energioresund.org/pic_m/16_verdi_182_LargeScaleHeatPumps.pdf http://www.r718.com/news/view/4473 [Accessed 30 October 2013] [Accessed 31 October 2013] INDUSTRY R718.com (30 October 2012) Copenhagen: the world’s largest district cooling network with absorption chiller. [ONLINE] Available at: ammonia21.com (30 April 2013) First natural gas-free greenhouse in Nether- http://www.r718.com/news/view/3641 [Accessed 31 October 2013] lands. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/4175 [Accessed 13 November 2013] Tuyet Nguyen (2012) Carbon Dioxide in Ice Rink Refrigeration, KTH School of ARCTOS (2013) CO2/NH3 soil-freezing containerised refrigeration unit. [ONLINE] Industrial Engineering and Management. [ONLINE] Available at: Available at: http://www.r744.com/web/assets/link/4596_nguyen_tuyet_EGI-2013-013_msc%20(2). http://www.arctos-ag.com/englisch/pdf/Job%20Report%202_CO2%20%20NH3%20soil pdf %20freezing%20container_eng.pdf [Accessed 03 October 2013] [Accessed 13 November 2013] NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN THE EUROPEAN FOOD CHAIN ARCTOS (2013) CO2/propene cascade refrigeration system for low temperatures. [ONLINE] Available at: APPLICATION AREAS http://www.arctos-ag.com/englisch/pdf/Job%20Report%203_CO2%20%20propene%2 0cascade%20refrigeration%20system_eng.pdf [Accessed 13 November 2013] ACHRNews (11 December 2012) Refrigeration Uses Heat Pumps, Ammonia. [ON- LINE] Available at: Cofely Refrigeration (2009) Customised Industrial Refrigeration. [ONLINE] Avail- http://www.achrnews.com/articles/121349-commercial-uses-heat-pumps-ammonia [Accessed 03 October 2013] able at: http://www.cofely-refrigeration.de/export/sites/cofely.refrigeration/de/Download/Bros ammonia21.com (31 January 2012) Star equips Welsh bakery with combined chueren/COFELY_Refrigeration/englischbrosch/ENG_cofely_IKM-BROSCHUERE_2009 spiral freezer & refrigeration plant. [ONLINE] Available at: -11-03_web.pdf 182 [Accessed 10 November 2013] http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/2075 [Accessed 17 October 2013] SPORTS ammonia21.com (1 June 2012) Ammonia refrigeration is best practice in McDon- ald’s supply chain. [ONLINE] Available at: Danfoss (31 January 2013) Ice rink scores with 100% CO2 system. [ONLINE] Avail- http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/3210 able at: [Accessed 17 October 2013] http://www.danfoss.com/SolutionsReady/NewsAndEvents/News/Ice-rink-scores-with -CO2-system/F100620A-6FF1-47A0-9242-81D34500AFD5.html ammonia21.com (31 May 2012) Polish dairies achieve 25% energy savings using [Accessed 3 October 2013] GEA Grasso V NH3 compressors and automated control systems. [ONLINE] Avail- able at: eurammon (2012) "Lentpark" – ice skating and swimming stadium / Cologne, http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/3199 Germany. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 1 November 2013] http://www.eurammon.com/information-material/case-studies/lentpark-ice-skating- and-swimming-stadium-cologne-germany ammonia21.com (20 February 2012) The perfect catch for the fshery cold chain: [Accessed 10 October 2013] ammonia refrigeration. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/2084 R744.com (2 October 2013) CO in ice rink refrigeration. [ONLINE] Available at: 2 [Accessed 5 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/4596 [Accessed 19 October 2013] ammonia21.com (15 November 2011) Exclusive interview with Paul Kidger on Cofely Axima Refrigeration (2013) Customer Stories, Industrial Refrigeration, refrigeration needs of breweries. [ONLINE] Available at: Food, Dairy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/2047 http://refrigeration.cofelyaxima-gdfsuez.be/en/customer-stories/industrial-refrigerat [Accessed 5 November 2013] ion/food-dairy-products [Accessed 12 November 2013] ammonia21.com (19 July 2012) Ammonia keeps your beer ice cold while saving brewers energy costs. [ONLINE] Available at: Cofely Axima Refrigeration (2013) Customer Stories, Industrial Refrigeration, http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/3362 Food, Bakeries, pasta, snacks and instant meals. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 5 November 2013] http://refrigeration.cofelyaxima-gdfsuez.be/en/customer-stories/industrial-refrigerat ion/food/bakeries-pasta-snacks-and-instant-meals ammonia21.com (3 April 2012) Bonduelle teams up with GEA in improving ef- [Accessed 12 November 2013] ciency. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/3077 Cofely Axima Refrigeration (2013) Customer Stories, Industrial Refrigeration, Dis- [Accessed 5 November 2013] tribution and wholesale. [ONLINE] Available at: http://refrigeration.cofelyaxima-gdfsuez.be/en/customer-stories/industrial-refrigerat ammonia21.com (1 August 2013) NH3 chillers feature at most environmentally ion/distribution-and-wholesale friendly dairy in Europe. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] http://www.ammonia21.com/news/view/4449 [Accessed 10 October 2013] Emerson Climate Technologies (2012) Fish processing plant streamlines produc- 183 tion with upgraded refrigeration system. 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[ONLINE] Available at: R718.com (3 October 2012) 20 years of highly reliable, low maintenance and sta- http://www.aximaref.com/photos/863_fiche_ref_LECLERC_Ancenis_06_13.pdf ble performance solar cooling system in France. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 14 November 2013] http://www.r718.com/news/view/3577 [Accessed 3 October 2013] de Rooij M. (2013) The Ahold steps to proven sustainability [Presentation] AT- MOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: R718.com (19 December 2012) Absorption chiller on board of the new AIDAmar http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=313 cruise liner. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] http://www.r718.com/news/view/3764 Deutsche Umwelthilfe (2013) Wie klimafreundlich kühlen Deutschlands Su- [Accessed 8 November 2013] permärkte? [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/knowledge/papersView/1522 R744.com (29 November 2012) British retailer Booths expects all new stores to [Accessed 3 December 2013] feature R744. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/3713 EIA Chilling Facts V (2013) Retailers on the cusp of a global cooling revolution. [Accessed 8 November 2013] Environmental Investigation Agency. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA_Chilling_Facts_V_report_08 R744.com (17 December 2010) 50 CO2OLtec systems from Carrier for German 13_FINAL_LOWRES.pdf retailer tegut. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 8 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/1308 [Accessed 8 November 2013] Migros (2012) Protecting the climate by using less energy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://m12.migros.ch/en/our-responsibility/environment/energy-and-climate R744.com (10 April 2012) First CO2 transcritical in a French supermarket. 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CO2 CASCADE STORES IN EUROPE R744.com (28 November 2013) 100% green Norwegian supermarket to achieve 30% energy savings. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4748 Alway P. (2013) Current natural refrigerant technology and next steps towards [Accessed 2 December 2013] HFC-free heat reclaim Refrigeration [Presentation] ATMOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (29 November 2013) R744 achieves 20-30% energy savings in one of http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=314 largest Scandinavian supermarkets. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/4751 [Accessed 2 December 2013] AXIMA REFRIGERATION (2011) Références en Grandes et moyennes surfaces - LECLERC : Ploufragan (22). [Online] Available at: Sainsbury’s (2013) Sainsbury’s opens frst ‘Triple Zero’ stores. [ONLINE] Available http://www.aximaref.com/photos/761_Leclerc_Ploufragan_05_11_IMP.pdf at: [Accessed 14 November 2013] http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/media/latest-stories/2013/20131120-sainsburys-opens- first-triple-zero-stores/ de Rooij M. (2013) The Ahold steps to proven sustainability Refrigeration [Presen- [Accessed 3 December 2013] tation] ATMOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October 2013. [ONLINE] Avail- able at: 186 Skelton J. (2013) How Sainsbury's 20x20 sustainability plan has shaped its refrig- http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=313 eration strategy [Presentation] ATMOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October [Accessed 8 November 2013] 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=315 EIA Chilling Facts V (2013) Retailers on the cusp of a global cooling revolution. [Accessed 12 November 2013] Environmental Investigation Agency. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA_Chilling_Facts_V_report_08 Topley Lira J., Chasserot M., Menten F. (2013) ATMOsphere Europe 2013 - Sum- 13_FINAL_LOWRES.pdf mary Report of International Conference. [ONLINE] Brussels, shecco publica- [Accessed 8 November 2013] tions. [ONLINE] Available at: http://publications.shecco.com/upload/file/org/1384183027438213_362072.pdf R744.com (28 October 2013) ATMOsphere confrms preference for CO2 refrigera- [Accessed 12 November 2013] tion by many retailers and end-users. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4655 Veld Koeltechniek BV (2013) C1000 Eddie Dijkman opent onder Jumbo vlag. [Accessed 8 November 2013] [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.veld.nl/retail/referenties/energiezuinig_koelsysteem_jumbo.aspx R744.com (21 May 2013) Ahold’s global perspective on CO2 systems: 100% CO2 [Accessed 13 November 2013] in 10 years? [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4231 Weinhofer G. (2012) CO2 as refrigerant: from tests to standard [Presentation] [Accessed 8 November 2013] ATMOsphere Europe 2012, Brussels, 7 November 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=187 R744.com (13 July 2012) REWE International AG: CO2 in deep freezing standard http://publications.shecco.com/upload/file/org/1384183027438213_362072.pdf but not envisaged for medium temperature cooling yet. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/3350 [Accessed 8 November 2013] R744.com (22 February 2012) QPlans CO2/NH3 cascade systems save 40% energy in Tesco and Auchan hypermarkets. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (30 October 2013) real,- opens green store using CO2 for refrigeration. http://www.r744.com/news/view/1618 [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 13 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/4670 [Accessed 12 November 2013] Weinhofer G. (2012) CO2 as refrigerant: from tests to standard [Presentation] ATMOsphere Europe 2012, Brussels, 07 November 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (30 November 2012) Carrefour opens new CO2 store in France. [ON- http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=187 LINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/3714 [Accessed 12 November 2013] HC PLUG-IN AND INDIRECT NH3 AND HC SUPERMARKETS IN EUROPE R744.com (19 December 2011) Spain: increasing investments in sustainable HVAC&R solutions. [ONLINE] Available at: Deutsche Umwelthilfe (2013) Wie klimafreundlich kühlen Deutschlands Su- http://www.r744.com/news/view/1556 permärkte? [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2013] 187 http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/knowledge/papersView/1522 [Accessed 3 December 2013] R744.com (24 May 2013) DinoSol’s frst cascade CO2 store brings R744 to Canary Islands. 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[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4410 hydrocarbons21.com (20 September 2013) Hydrocarbons gain share in Euro- [Accessed 12 November 2013] pean commercial refrigeration- EIA’s ‘Chilling Facts V’. [ONLINE] Available from: Topley Lira J., Chasserot M., Menten F. (2013) ATMOsphere Europe 2013 - Sum- http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/news/view/4570 [Accessed 14 November 2013] mary Report of International Conference. [Online] Brussels, shecco publications. [Online] Available at: Resch R. (2013) Natural refrigerants for commercial freezers [Presentation] AT- [Accessed 21 November 2013] MOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=322 Nestlé (2013) Nestlé in Society: Creating Shared Value [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 19 November 2013] http://ceowatermandate.org/files/endorsing/Nestle-CSV-Full-Report-2012-EN.pdf [Accessed 22 November 2013] LIGHT-COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION Refrigerants, Naturally! (2013) Statements – PepsiCo [ONLINE] Available at: Azar A. (2013) Phase-out F-Gases in Commercial Refrigeration [Presentation] http://www.refrigerantsnaturally.com/statements/pepsico.htm ATMOsphere Europe 2013, Brussels, 16 October 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 22 November 2013] http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=310 [Accessed 21 November 2013] Topley Lira J., Chasserot M., Menten F. (2013) ATMOsphere Europe 2013 - Sum- mary Report of International Conference. [Online] Brussels, shecco publications. Danish Ministry of the Environment (2012) Going Natural – The Danish road to [Online] Available at: natural refrigerants [ONLINE] Available at: http://publications.shecco.com/upload/file/org/1384183027438213_362072.pdf https://www.thepmr.org/system/files/documents/Going%20Natural-Danish%20Experi [Accessed 12 November 2013] rence%20with%20natural%20refrigerants.pdf [Accessed 22 November 2013] CO2 TRANSCRITICAL AND CASCADE / SECONDARY STORES WORLDWIDE hydrocarbons21.com (24 October 2013) ATMOsphere Europe 2013: Buoyant 188 market for hydrocarbons in light commercial refrigeration. [ONLINE] Available Cold Hard Facts 2 (2013) A study of the refrigeration and air conditioning indus- at: http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/news/view/4648 try in Australia. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 21 November 2013] http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/knowledge/papersView/1438 [Accessed 16 November 2013] hydrocarbons21.com (17 August 2012) Light commercial refrigeration: latest f r o m N o r t h A m e r i c a . 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[ONLINE] [Accessed 6 December 2013] Available at: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=151 R744.com (11 June 2013) Worldwide, retailers commit to CO2 – the view from http://www.r744.com/news/view/3261 CGF’s “Moving away from HFCs…Naturally!” Summit. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 15 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/4302 [Accessed 8 November 2013] R744.com (2 September 2013) UPDATE: Delhaize opens frst 100% CO2 transcritical store in the US. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (09 July 2013) “CO2 is on the way to becoming a standard” – exclusive http://www.r744.com/news/view/4377 interview with Robert Hurley, Tesco. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 15 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/4382 [Accessed 8 November 2013] R744.com (10 August 2012) SUPERVALU opens it’s frst all natural refrigerant store. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (18 December 2012) Cascade CO2 could be winning option in emerg- http://www.r744.com/news/view/3443 ing economies - CCAC Forum, Part I. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 15 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/3755 [Accessed 8 November 2013] R744.com (21 November 2013) Cost parity of CO2 cascade refrigeration achieved in latest Brazilian R744 refrigeration installation. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (13 August 2012) New World becomes New Zealand’s frst CO2 tran- http://www.r744.com/news/view/4723 scritical store. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 22 November 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/3445 [Accessed 13 November 2013] R744.com (27 November 2013) 17 transcritical CO2 stores already installed in 189 South Africa. [ONLINE] Available at: R744.com (7 October 2013) First ATMOsphere network Tokyo event sees Lawson http://www.r744.com/news/view/4742 predict close to 40% energy savings with CO2 TC in Indonesia. [ONLINE] Avail- [Accessed 3 December 2013] able at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4599 R744.com (27 June 2013) CO2 transcritical milestones - 3-year payback and now [Accessed 14 November 2013] in the US - latest from ATMOsphere America. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/4345 R744.com (18 June 2012) ATMOsphere America 2012: an exciting year ahead for [Accessed 6 December 2013]

CO2 refrigeration. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.r744.com/news/view/3256 [Accessed 14 November 2013] R744.com (25 November 2013) UPDATE: First ever net zero energy store by Wal- greens relies on CO2 heating and cooling. [ONLINE] Available at:

R744.com (28 September 2012) New Zealand’s 2nd transcritical CO2 supermarket http://www.r744.com/news/view/4068 opens its doors. [ONLINE] Available at: [Accessed 6 December 2013] http://www.r744.com/news/view/3566 [Accessed 14 November 2013]

R744.com (19 June 2012) Carrefour installs frst CO2 transcritical system in Tur- key. [ONLINE] Available at: POLICY European Commission (2012) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council on fuorinated greenhouse gases. [ONLINE] Available EU POLICIES at: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/legislation/docs/com_2012_643_en.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2013] Council Directive 2006/40/EC (2006) Directive 2006/40/ec of the European parliament and of the Council, of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air- R744.com (27 August 2013) MAC update: French court rules in Daimler’s favour; conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/ Toyota turns away from R1234yf. [ONLINE] Available at: 156/EEC (Text with EEA relevance). Ofcial Journal of the European Union. [ON- http://www.r744.com/news/view/4510 LINE] Available at: [Accessed 17 December 2013] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:161:0012:0018:EN: PDF R744.com (22 October 2013) F-Gas discussions take centre stage at ATMOs- [Accessed 17 December 2013] phere Europe 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: European Commission (2011) Report from the Commission on the application, http://www.r744.com/news/view/4640 [Accessed 17 December 2013] efects and adequacy of the Regulation on certain fuorinated greenhouse gases (Regulation (EC) No 842/2006). ). [ONLINE] Available at: NATIONAL POLICIES http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/docs/report_en.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2013] BAFA (2013) Richtlinien zur Förderung von Maßnahmen an gewerblichen Käl- 190 European Commission (2013) Commission Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 of 2 teanlagen vom 01.01.2009. Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle August 2013 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament (BAFA). [ONLINE] Available at: and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for space heaters and http://www.bafa.de/bafa/de/energie/kaelteanlagen/index.html combination heaters (Text with EEA relevance). ). Ofcial Journal of the Euro- [Accessed 17 December 2013] pean Union. [ONLINE] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:239:0136:0161:EN: German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear PDF Safety (2009) Richtlinien zur Förderung von Maßnahmen an gewerblichen Käl- [Accessed 17 December 2013] teanlagen vom 1. Januar 2009. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bafa.de/bafa/de/energie/kaelteanlagen/vorschriften/foerderrichtlinie_kae European Commission (2013) Commission Regulation (EU) No 814/2013 of 2 lte.pdf August 2013 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament [Accessed 17 December 2013] and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for water heaters and hot water storage tanks (Text with EEA relevance). Ofcial Journal of the Euro- hydrocarbons21.com (12 November 2012) Switzerland to introduce HFC bans pean Union. [ONLINE] Available at: in several AC and refrigeration applications. [ONLINE] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:239:0162:0183:EN: http://www.hydrocarbons21.com/news/view/3659 PDF [Accessed 17 December 2013] [Accessed 17 December 2013] Maratou, A., Skačanová, K., Vanaga, G. (2013) GUIDE+: HFC taxes & fscal incen- tives for natural refrigerants in Europe. shecco publications. [ONLINE] Available at: http://publications.shecco.com/publications/view/guidehfctaxesandfiscalincentivesfor nrineurope

The Swiss Federal Council (2013) Ordinance on the Reduction of Risks relating to the Use of Certain Particularly Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Arti- cles (Chemical Risk Reduction Ordinance, ORRChem). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/8/814.81.en.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2013]

191 ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Marc holds degrees (incl. two Masters) in Economics, Nina holds two Masters’ degrees in Business Manage- Politics, and Marketing. He has studied at the London ment and in Environmental Management. After serving School of Economics, INSEAD Singapore, Sciences Po in a communications role for Norsk Hydro, for the last 7 Paris, and the College of Europe. He has specialized in years she has been working in the feld of environmental natural refrigerants since 2003. He is an active member technologies, where she specialised on natural refriger- of ASHRAE. He founded the leading industry platforms ants. Today, she is active in business development for R744.com, hydrocarbons21.com, and ammonia21.com. market intelligence and consultancy services, as well as Since 2007 Marc is co-founder and Managing Director special projects and publications. She drafted global MARC CHASSEROT NINA MASSON of shecco, an independent market development com- Lead Author / studies for United Nations agencies, including UNEP and Publisher / pany specialised in bringing Natural Refrigerants 'faster UNIDO. Nina is Associate Member of the Institute of En- Managing Director Head of Market to market'. Research vironmental Management and Assessment (IEMA).

Huiting holds two Masters’ degrees in Development Simon holds a degree in Business Administration and Studies and International Relations from Groningen Uni- two Masters’ degrees in Marketing and Commercial Man- versity, Netherlands and Uppsala University, Sweden. agement from Friedrich Alexander University in Nurem- With a background in EU policy, politics, and the Chi- berg and the EM Strasbourg Business School. Prior to nese economy, Huiting currently works as part of joining shecco, Simon worked in sales for a leading alu- shecco’s Market Research team. Her expertise is in pro- minium manufacturer. He currently works in shecco’s 192 viding tailored analysis of key trends and developments, Market Research department conducting and analysing and assisting clients to optimise their strategy in target quantitative and qualitative surveys to identify market SIMON BURKEL HUITING JIA HVAC&R markets. fgures and key trends in the HVAC&R industry for spe- Market Research Market Research cial projects and internationally distributed publications. Analyst Analyst

Environmental and energy issues are the drive and focus Klara holds a Masters' degree in International Relations in what Alexandra does. After studying Environmental from the University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia and Resource Economics at University College London, and has a background in European studies and interna- she was a research assistant at the Electricity Policy Re- tional economic relations. Before joining shecco, she search Group at the University of Cambridge, UK. Follow- worked at the European Commission and a small busi- ing that, she worked as an intern at Cabinet Dimas, Com- ness association. At her current position, Klara follows missioner for the Environment at the European Commis- legislative developments having impact on the heating sion before joining shecco. Today, she is Deputy Public and cooling industry at national, European and interna- ALEXANDRA KLÁRA Afairs Manager, analysing key policy trends and advis- tional level, and informs decision-makers about the lat- MARATOU SKAČANOVÁ ing partners on strategic decisions. est trends in the feld of natural refrigerants. Deputy Public Afairs Policy Analyst Manager shecco would also like to thank the following contributors: Ginta Vanaga, Janaina Topley Lira, Silvia Scaldaferri, Janet Thompson, Pierre Wattré powered by

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