6664 C.ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 IOWA in the cause of God that we find ourselves best to win the war. Now that the war Harvey H. Douglass, Postville. in the greatness of character that be­ is over and they are returning to civilian KANSAS comes man. Amen. life, they should certainly be treated William Campbell, Mullinville. The Journal of the proceedings of yes- alike in the matter of terminal leave pay Ruth B. Dunlap, Rose Hill. terday was read and approved. ' benefits as well as in all other respects. KENTUCKY I was among the enlisted personnel of MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Homer Erwin Davis, Columbus. World War I. As a veteran and as a John T. Bradley, Kettle Island. A message from the Senate by Mr. member of the American Legion for over 20 years, I am glad to vote for this MASSACHUSETTS Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced that the Senate had passed a bill of the measure and to assist in securing for the Lawrence L. Carpenter, F·oxboro. enlisted personnel and their families Edward G. Perry, Teaticket. following title, in which the concurrence of the House is requested : · -these and all other benefits which they MISSOURI S. 2177. An act to provide for increased so richly deserve. George T. Carter, Moscow Mills. efficiency in the legislative branch of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS MONTANA Government. Mr. PETERSON of Georgia asked and Jack Cruickshank, Bozeman. COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK OF was given permission to extend his re­ NEW JERSEY THE HOUSE marks in the RECORD and to include the Edward Praiss, Camden. The SPEAKER laid before the House record of votes on veterans' legislation George M. Beaman, Keansburg. and a letter from the Chief of Engineers Louella Lockwood, Oceanport. the following communication from the Clerk of ·the House, whieh was· read: · · of .the War Department. NORTH DAKOTA JuNE 11, 1946. Mr. LANE asked and was given permis­ Fritz W. Liebig, Denhoff. The Honorable the SPEAKER, sion to extend' his remarks in the RECORD ORFGON House of Representat1.ves. in three instances, in the first to include Maude B. Thames, Oswego. SIR: From the secretary of the Common­ a very excellent editorial that appeared wealth of the State of Pennsylvania, I have TEXAS in the Christian Science Monitor of June received the certificate of election of Hon. 6 in reference to the so-called Case bill, James T. Butler, Crane. CARL H. HOFFMAN as a Representative-elect in the second to include an editorial that Roxie L. Dunn, Forestburg. to the Seventy-ninth Congress from the Mary E. Gimon, Lovelady. Twenty-third Congressional District to fill appeared in the Boston Post, and in the Rufus 0. Warner, Pearland. the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. third to include a statement to be made V. EST VIRGINIA J. Buell Snyder. by him before the Committee on Civil Very truly yours, Service today. Velva A. Pelter, Sharples. SOUTH TRIMBLE, Mr. FORAND asked and was given per­ WISCONSIN Clerk of the House of Representatives. mission to extend his remarks in the George Pudas, Iron River. By H. NEWLIN MEGILL. REcORD and include an address by Miss IN THE NAVY HON. CARL H . HOFFMAN, REPRESENTA­ Stella Marks. APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY FOR TEMPORARY TIVE-ELECT FROM. TWENTY -THIRD DIS­ Mr. SABATH asked and was given SERVICE TRICT, PA. permission to extend his remarks in the Ben Moreen to be a civil engineer in the The SPEAKER. The Member-elect REcORD in three instances, in one to in­ Navy, with the rank of admiral, for tem­ will present himself at the bar of the clude an editorial from the Chicago Sun, porary service. House and take the o!lth of office. in the second to include an article from Mr. HOFFMAN appeareci at the bar of the Chicago Times, and in the third to the House and took the oath of office. include several articles. Mr. WOODRUFF asked and was given TERMINAL LEAVE TO ENLISTED permission to extend his remarks in the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PERSONNEL RECORD in two instances, in one to include TuESDAY, JuNE 11, 1946 Mr. PETERSON of Georgia. Mr. a newspaper article and in the other to Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to include a number of articles by Mark The House met at 11 o'clock a. m. extend my remarks at this point in the Foote on communism. Rev. Russell Wharton Lambert, min­ RECORD. Mr. REED of New York asked and was ister, Centennial Methodist Church, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to given permission to extend his remarks Rockford, Ill., offered the following the request of the gentleman from in the RECORD and include an article. prayer: Georgia? Mr. KEARNEY asked and was given There was no objection. permission to extend his remarks in the Eternal Spirit, God of our lives and Mr. PETERSON of Georgia. Mr. all life, we seek to know Thy will in this RECORD in reference to the wantop de­ Speaker, the bill granting terminal leave struction of Army and Navy equipment. hour, that Thy way may be revealed pay to enlisted personnel, H. R. 4051, unto us for our day aml the days to come. Mr. HORAN United States shall, for One of the points at issue concerned the report. the period beginning with the date of com­ privileges accorded commissioned as The Clerk read the title of the bill. mencement of his or her active service in such against enlisted personnel. We m-ust be The SPEAKER. Is there objection to forces or corps, or December 7, 1941, which­ courageous in correcting this injustice, the request of the gentleman from Geor­ ever is the later, and ending 1 year after the and others within our service. gia? · termination of hostilities in the present war, There was no objection. as proclaimed by the President, or the date It is gratifying that all the veterans' . Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, all the of his or her discharge or release from active organizations, according to my informa­ Members are familiar with the contents duty, whichever is the earlier, be considered tion·, including the American Legion and of this statement. I ask unanimous as being entitled to annual leave at the rate the Veterans of Foreign Wars, have consent that the reading of the state­ Y wholeheartedly supported the over-all of 2 2 days for each month 'of such period. ment be dispensed with. Such leave, less that actually received and objectives which are sought by the pas­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to used, may be accumulated and each person sage of this legislation. The leadership the request of the gentleman from entitled thereto under this act shall be en­ of these groups, and all veterans, have titled, at the end of such period, to receive every right to expect Congress to correct Georgia? in a lump sum pay and allowances covering There was no objection. the ·inequities existing in leave pay. . The conference report and statement such accumulated leave. Such pay and al­ It is well, my colleagues, for all of us lowances shall be computed at the rate· of are as follows: pay and allowances which such person was to remember that a very large proportion receiving at the end of such period. of our service personnel had but little CoNFERENCE REPORT SEC. 2. Any person entitled to the benefits opportunity for leaves or furloughs. It The committee of conference on the dis­ of this act who is entitled to accumulated is proper that they receive every dollar agreeing votes of the two Houses on the leave under any other provision of 'taw may for that time. We have, as I have stated amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. elect whether to come under the provisions earlier, paid to officers on discharge 5605) making appropriations for the Depart­ of this act or such other provision of law for necessary sums, and there must be no ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending .the period in which this act is in effect with discrimination against the privates, June 30, 1947, and for other purposes, hav-_ respect to such person. · ing met, after full and free conference, have corporals, and so forth, who have been agreed to recommend and do recommend to There were many other Members who denied what is rightly theirs. Commis­ their respective Houses as follows: likewise presented measures to correct sioned officers have been granted 120 days That the Senate recede from its amend­ the discrimination which was being prac­ of terminal leave, and it was inconceiv­ ments numbered 8, 9, 10, 17, 24, 27, 28, 38, 39, able that rank would give any special 40, 41, 42, 57, and 64. ticed against enlisted personnel as money to those persons as against the That the House recede from its disagree­ against the law affecting commissioned enlisted men. It was this latter group ment to the amendments of the Senate num­ officers of the armed services. The dis­ that fought and suffered and paid the bered 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 20, 23, 33, 35, 45, 46, tinguished gentleman from Florida, Rep­ 47, 49, 50, 53, 62, 63, and 65, and agree to the heaviest toll during World War II. same. resentative RoGERS, labored diligently NO DEAD-END STREET FOR VETERANS for favorable consideration of his pro­ Amendment numbered 2: That the House I have said repeatedly that we must recede from its disagreement to the amend­ posal. His bill and mine contained sim­ ment of the Senate numbered 2, and agree ilar provisions. not allow a dead-end street for return­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: It was my responsibility, also, to sign ing heroes. Our veterans will want and In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ deserve the security of employment and ment insert "$1,309,500"; and the Senate discharge petition No. 23, and it is grat­ not pensions alone for war service. We agree to the same. ifying to know that there were at least must do everything withiri our power, as Amendment numbered 4: That the House 218 Members who were desirous of speed­ grateful people, to take care of those who recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ing action. This statement is not meant have suffered injuries-and also to those ment of the Senate numbered 4, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In as a criticism of the House Military Af­ dependents of boys who have given their lieu of the sum proposed by said amendment fairs Committee, because comprehensive lives. It is our obligation to adequately insert "$2,163,457"; and the ~enate agree to hearings were held before a subcommit­ provide for the disabled and their fami­ the same. tee of that group in an effort to bring lies. We have the duty of adopting Amendment numbered 5: That the House forth a good measure for our approval. policies that will provide satisfactory recede from its disagreement to the amend­ work for millions of returning veterans ment of the Senate numbered 5, and agree .to The important consideration, however, the same with an amendment, as follows: In is that we have today acted affirmatively in American business, industry, agricul­ lieu of the matter stricken out and inserted in alleviating the discrimination between ture, and the professions. This is abso­ by said amendment, insert the following: officers and enlisted personnel in refer­ lutely necessary if we are to deal justly ": Provided further, That no part of the en~e to terminal-leave compensation. with our service men and women. funds h~ein appropriated or made available 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6667 to the Bureau of Agricultural Economics Amendment Numbered 32: That the House ment of farms which have a value, as ac­ under the heading 'Economic investigations' recede from its disagreement to the amend­ quired, enlarged, or improved, in excess of shall be used for State and county land-use ment of the Senate numbered 32, and agree the average value of efficient family-size planning, for conducting cultural surveys, or to the same with an amendment, as follows: farm-management units, as determined by for the maintenance of regional offices"; and In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ the Secretary, in the county, parish or local­ the Senate agree to the same. ment insert "$1,003,710"; and the Senate ity where the farm is located"; and the Sen­ Amendment numbered 13: That the House agree to the same. ate agree to the same. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 34: That the House Amendment numbered 61: That the House ment of the Senate numbered 13, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ recede from its disagreement to the amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment of the Senate numbered 34, and agree to ment of the Senate numbered 61, and agree In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ the same with an amendment, as follows: In to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment insert "$885,000"; and the Senate ~. gree lieu of the sum proposed by said amendment In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ to the same. insert "$21,786,000"; and the Senate agree to ment insert "$1,750,000"; and the Senate Amendment numbered 15: That the House the same. agree to the same. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 36: That the House The committee of conference report in dis­ ment of the Senate numbered 15, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ agreement amendments numbered 43, 52, 54, to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment of the Senate numbered 36, and agree 55, 66, 67, and 68 . In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: M. C. TARVER, ment insert "$497,032"; and the Senate agree In 'ueu of the sum proposed by said amend­ CLARENCE CANNON, to the same. ment insert "$2,380,000"; and the Senate agree JAMIE L. WHITTEN, Amendment numbered 16: That the House to the same. EvERETT M. DmKSEN, recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 37: That the House CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, ment of the Senate numbered 16, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Managers on the Part of the House. to the same with an amendment, as follows: RICHARD B. RUSSELL, In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ ment of the Senate numbered 37, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: CARL HAYDEN, ment insert "$981,012"; and the Senate agree ELMER THOMAS, to the same. In lieu of the matter stricken out and in­ serted by said amendment, insert the follow­ C. WAYLAND BROOKS, Amendment numbered 18: That the House CHAN GURNEY. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ·1ng: "$1,395,000, of which at least $10,000 shall be expended for research in the utiliza­ CLYDE M. REED, ment of the Senate numbered 18, and agree Managers on the Part of the Senate. to the same with an amendment, as follows: tion of waste woods"; and the Senate agree to the same. In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ STATEMENT ment insert "$2,428,300"; . and the Senate Amendment numbered 44: That the House agree to the same. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ The managers on the part of the House Amendment numbered 19: That the House ment of the Senate numbered 44, and agree at the conference on the disagreeing votes recede from its disagreement to the amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: of the two Houses on the amendments of ment of the Senate numbered 19, and agree In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ the Senate to the bill (H. R. 5605) making to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment insert "$39,300,000"; and the Senate appropriations for the Department of Agri­ In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ agree to the same. culture for the fiscal year ending June 30, ment insert "$2,070,300"; and the Senate Amendment numbered 48: That the House 1947, and for other purposes, submit the agree to the same. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ following statement in explanation of the Amendment numbered 21: That the House ment of the Senate numbered 48, and agree to effect of the action agreed upon and recom­ recede from its disagreement to the amend­ the same with an amendment, as follows: mended in the accompanying report, as to ment of the Senate numbered 21, and agree In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ each of such amendments, namely: to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment insert "$27,942,888"; and the Senate TOTALS, ALLOCATIONS, ETC. In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ agree to the same. The following amendments relate to ment insert "$1,355,000"; and the Senate Amendment numbered 51: That the House totals, allocations, etc., as they have been agree to the same. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ adjusted to the action of the conferees on Amendment numbered 22: That the House ment of the Senate numbered 51, and agree other amendments: Nos. 3, 9, 10, 15, 24, 27, recede from its disagreement to the amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: 30, 32, 39, 41, 42, 46, and 47. ment of the Senate numbered 22, and agree In lines 6 and 7 of the matter inserted by to the same with an amendment, as follows: said amendment, strike out the following: OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ "Seventy-ninth Congress, second session" Amendment No. 1, salaries and expenses: ment insert "$584,000"; and the Senate agree and insert in lieu thereof, the following: Senate deleted the following language in­ to the same. "approved June 4, 1946 (Public Law 396) "; serted by the House: Amendment numbered 25: That the House and the Senate agree to the same. "P1·ovided further, That no part of the recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 56: That the House funds appropriated by this Act shall be used ment of the Senate numbered 25, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ for the payment of the compensation of any to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment of the Senate numbered 56, and agree officer or employee who authorizes or causes In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ to the same with an amendment. as follows: to be authorized the operation and admin­ ment insert "$2,676,500"; and the Senate In lieu of the sum proposed in said amend­ istration of more than one warehouse in­ agree to the same. ment insert "$1,219,000"; and the Senate spection service under the jurisdiction of the Amendment numbered 26: That the House agree to the same. Secretary, and appropriations and funds recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 58: That the House available for such services shall be trans­ ment of the Senate numbered 26, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ferred and consolidated and expended and to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment of the Senate numbered 58, and agree accounted for as a single fund." In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: The House recedes, on assurances from the ment insert "$3,066,600"; and the Senate agree In lieu of the sum proposed in said amend­ Secretary of Agriculture that the consolida­ to the same. ment insert "$70,000,000"; and the Senate tion already effected by administrative order Amendment numbered 29: That the House agree to the same; will be continued. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment numbered 59: That the House OFFICE OF INFORMATION ment of the Senate numbered 29, and agree recede from its disagreement to the amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: ment of the Senate numbered 59, and agree Amendment No. 2, printing and binding: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: House appropriated $1,294,000; Senate, $1,- ment insert "$461,500"; and the Senate agree In lieu o;f the matter stricken out and in­ 325,000; conferees agree upon $1,309,500. to the same. serted by said amendment, insert the follow­ BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Amendment numbered 30: That the House ing: "the making of loans to any individual Amendment No.4, economic investigations: recede from its disagreement to the amend­ farmer in excess of a total outstanding obli­ House appropriated $1,923,457; Senate, $2,- ment of the Senate numbered 30, and agree gation of $5,000 for all such loans or the 173,457; conferees agree upon $2,163,457. Ac­ to the same with an amendment, as follows: making of loans to any individual farmer in tion of conferees contemplates that no in­ In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend­ excess of $2,500"i and the Senate agree to vestigations will be made in Alaska. ment insert "$6,000,000"; and the Senate the same. agree to the same. Amendment numbered 60: That the House Amendment No.5, economic investigations: Amendment numbered 31: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ The House inserted the following language: recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ment of the Senate numbered 60, and agree "Provided further, That no part of the ment of the Senate numbered 31, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: funds herein appropriated or made avail­ to the same with an amendment, as fol­ In lieu of the matter stricken out by said able t'o the Bureau of Agricultural Economics lows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amendment, insert the following: "and no shall be used for State and county land-use amendment insert "$2,754,111"; and the Sen­ loans, excepting those to eligible veterans, planning, or for the maintenance of regional ate agree to the same. may be made for the acquisition or enlarge- offices, or for conducting social surveys." 6668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 The Senate struck out the House language beets: Senate appropriated $26,800; House serted the following language: "and for con-:­ and inserted the following, including the recedes. Problems of burley tobacco produc­ ducting investigations on the extraction and words enclosed in brackets: tion and disease: Senate appropriated $15,- processing of rubber from guayule and other "Provided further, That no part of the 000; House recedes. Production and breed­ plants, vines, _sl rubs, or trees possessing na­ funds herein appropriated or made available ing experiments on guayule rubber: Senate tural rubber growing or capable of being to the Burea~ of Agricultural Economics appropriated $1l7,400; Senate recedes. To grown within the continental limits of the under the heading 'Economic investigations' enlarge guayule research program, including United States, including not to exceed $12,000 shall be used for State and county land-use processing tests and shrub conditioning for the procurement of services, by contract planning, for conducting cultural surveys, or studies: Senate appropriated $45,100; Sen­ or otherwise, for the production of guayule for the maintenance of [more than one pro­ ate recedes. or other rubber-bearing plants; the transfer fessional worker in the respective] regional Amendment No. 19, fruit, vegetable, and to the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial offices[, and that all work done by the Bu­ specialty crops: Investigations of virus and Chemistry, without compensation therefor, reau in the States out of funds appropriated viruslike diseases of stone fruits of the of real property (located in the vicinity of or made available for 'Economic investiga­ Western States: Senate appropriated $25,- Salinas, California; including approximately tions' shall be done in cooperation with or 000; Senate recedes. Development of disease­ two hundred and fifty acres of land now in on the approval of the respective land-grant resistant ornamental and flowering plants: guayule production) and personal property, colleges]." Senate appropriated $36,300; conferees agree valued at not exceeding a total of $260,000, ac­ The conferees agreed upon the Senate pro­ upon $5,200, to be earmarked for work on quired for and heretofore used in connection vision, omitting the words enclosed in azaleas. Investigations on suitability of with the emergency rubber project; and there brackets: various types of cargo and transport services shall be included in the next annual Budget a Amendment No. 6, crop and livestock esti­ for shipping fresh and frozen fruits and vege­ statement in detail of the amount and value mates: House appropriated $2,037,000; Sen­ tables: Senate appropriated $52,000; House of the property so transferred;.'' ate, $2,132,000; House recedes. recedes. Investigation of diseases of vege­ The Senate recedes. table plant beds in the South for work in Amendment No. 29, agricultural chemical OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATOR, ~GRICULTURAL RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION connection with tomato plants: Senate ap­ investigations: Research on extraction of rub­ propriated $10,100; House recedes. Coopera­ ber from guayule and other rubber-bearing Amendment No. 7, special exploratory in­ tive vegetable seed work: Senate appropri­ plants: Senate appropriated $150,000; Sen­ vestigations of agricultural problems of ated $12,000; House recedes. Investigations ate recedes. To develop information and in­ Alaska: The Senate .inserted language mak­ of watery soft-rot disease: Senate appropri­ tensify studies on processed citrus fruits ing the amount appropriated for this pur­ ated $10,000; Senate recedes. and on preservation and processing of soft pose immediately available. The House Amendment No. 20, forest diseases: De­ fruits; Senate added $7,500; House recedes. recedes. velopment· and improvement of methods for For expanding investigations on enzymes and OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS control of tree diseases: Senate appropriat-ed phytochemistry: Senate added $22,100; House Amendment No. 8, payments to Territory $30,300; house recedes. Little-leaf disease of recedes. of Alaska under provisions of section 2 of pine: Senate appropriated $25,000; House re­ WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST CONTROL the act approved June 20, 1936: House ap­ cedes. Investigation of the disease affecting mimosa trees: Senate appropriated $25,000; Amendment No. 31, to expand cooperativ~ propriated $27,500; Senate, $37,500; Senat e work of Bureau of Entomology and Plant recedes. House recedes. · Amendment No. 21, soils, fertilizers, and Quarantine with State and private agencies BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY irrigation: Increase for soil classification and for control on State and privately owned Amendment No. 11, animal husbandry: mapping: Senate added $110,000; conferees lands: Senate added $1,000,000; conferees Glendale, Ariz., .Poultry Station: Senate ap­ agree upon $55,000. Increase for preparation agree upon $500,000. propriated $30,000; House recedes. For study of soil maps and· reports for publication: FOREST SERVICE of possibilities of establishing a regional Senate added $90,000; conferees agree upon Amendment No. 33, salaries and expenses: poultry research program. in the southern $45,000. The Senate added the following language: Great Plains area: Senate appropriated $2,500; Amendment No. 22, agricultural engineer­ " Provided, That not tq' exceed $50,000 of House recedes. For study of possibilities of ing: Auburn Tillage Machinery Laboratory: the appropriation for 'National forest pro­ establishing a regional poultry research pro­ Senate appropriated $65,000; conferees agree tection and management', and not to exceed gram in the Southeastern States: Senate upon $30,000. Utilization of electric power $50,000 of the appropriation for 'Forest fire appropriated $5,000; House recedes. on farms: Senate added $43,140; conferees cooperation' may be transferred to the ap­ Amendment No. 12, animal husbandry: agree upon $30,000. propriation 'Printing and binding, Depart­ Glendale, Ariz., poultry station: The Sen­ Amendment No. 23, National Arboretum: ment of Agriculture', for forest fire preven­ ate authorized $20,000 o·f the appropriation House appropriated $61,000; Senate, $76,000; tion posters and related printed material." for this item for construction of buildings. House recedes. The House recedes. · · Th!'l House recedes. · · BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE Amendment No. 34, natio.nal forest protec­ Amendments Nos. 13 and 14, diseases of tion and management: To expand aerial animals: Laboratory to investigate Newcastle Amendment No. 25, insect investigations: Investigations in Brazil of a fruitfly of po­ photography and mapping of national-forest diseasP. . of poultry: Senate appropriated areas: Senate appropriated $379,000; Senate $30,000 for the construction of a building; tential danger to fruit culture, and the rela­ tion of insects to a disease of citrus trees recedes. To expand the work of reseeding House recedes. Investigation of roundworm national-forest lands: Senate appropriated parasites and intestinal and fringed tape­ in California: Senate appropriated $35,000; Senate recedes. Reestablishment of investi­ $400,000; House recedes. For restoration of worms of sheep: Senate appropriated $32,986; existing recreational areas in the national Senate recedes. gations on insects affecting greenhouse and field-grown ornamental plants and mush­ forests: Senate added $3,000,000; conferees BUREAU OF DAIRY INDUSTRY rooms: Senate added $28,100; House re­ agree upon $1,000,000. , Amendment No. 16, salaries and expenses: cedes. Not more than $6,500 to be used for Amendment No. 35, construction and main­ Increase for tabulating, analyzing, and mak­ mushroom work. Development of measures tenance of improvements in experimental ing available data on dairy herd improve­ to control the European corn borer by in­ forest areas: The Senate added language ment association herds: Senate added secticides: Senate appropriated $12,500; making BJJpropriations under "Forest re­ $37,488; conferees agree upon $25,000. For House recedes. Development of methods for search" available for the construction and further research on evaluation of mammary deinsectizing airplanes and other carriers, m aintenance of improvements. The House gland development in its relation to milk and their cargoes: Senate appropriated $50,- recedes. production: Senate appropriated $8,700; Sen­ 000; Senate recedes. Investigations of the Amendment No. 36, forest and range man­ ate recedes. Analysis of experimental breed­ best leafhopper and the curly-top virus of agement investigations: Increase to estab­ ing data: Senate appropriat ed $8,800; Senate beans: Senate appropriated $15,000; House lish, equip, and staff additional experimental recedes. recedes. forests and ranges, and to strengthen the work at existing units: Senate added $250,- BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, SOILS, AND Amendment No . 26, insect and plant disease 000; Senate recedes. Research in connection AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING control: Increase for elimination of sweet­ potato weevil from commercial producing with mechanization of naval-stores produc­ Amendment No. 17, field crops: The Senate tion: Senate appropriated $50,000; House struck the following language: "including areas: Senate added $50,000; House recedes. Intensification of gypsy moth control: Sen­ recedes. not to exceed $26,800 for investigation in ate added $45,600; House recedes. Expan­ Amendment No. 37, forest products: To the blackroot disease of sugar beets." The establish two additional utilization research House recedes. However, see amendment sion of pink bollworm control work: Senate added $158,400; conferees agree upon $80,000. units and to strengthen existing units: Sen­ No. 18, where an increased appropriation .of ate appropriated $150,000; Senate recedes. $26,800 is allowed fer this purpose. Expansion of barberry ~radica tion work: Senate added $200,000; conferees agree upon To expand work on chemical utilization, Amendment No. 18, field crops: Develop­ $100,000. waste utilization and improved wood uses: ment of weed control methods in irrigated Senate appropriated $100,000; conferees agree areas: Senate added $12,000; House recedes. BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL upon $10,000 to be expended for research 1n Experiments on nut grass: Senate appro­ CHEMISTRY the utilization of waste woods. priated $10,000; House recedes. Control Amendment No. 28, work on guayule and Amendment No. 38, acquisition of lands for measures for blackroot disease of sugar other rubber-bearing plants: The Senate in- national forests-acquisition of lands in the 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_HOUSE 6669 OZark and Ouachita National Forests, Ar­ the agricultural commodities or products the following: "the making of loans to any kansas: Senate appropriated $250,000; Senate thereof-purchased by the school or child-care individual farmer in excess of $2,500." recedes. center or other sponsoring agencies as estab­ The conferees agreed upon the retention FOREST ROADS AND TRAILS lished by certificates executed by the author­ of the House language, amended to increase ized representative of the sponsoring agency: the limit of total outstanding obligation to Amendment No. 40, forest development Provided further, That such sponsoring agen­ $5,000, and the retention of the Senate lan­ roads: House appropriated $12,500,000; Sen­ cy shall maintain accounts and records estab­ guage. ate, $23,000,00Q; Senate recedes. lishing costs of agricultural commodities or FARM TENANCY SOIL CONSERVATION SERVIqE products furnished in the program anq that Amendment No. 60, limitation on size of Amendment No. 44, soil conservation oper­ such accounts and records shall be available for audit by representatives of the Depart­ loans: The Senate struck the following lan­ ations-purchase of equipment from Govern­ guage: "and no loan, excepting those to eligi­ ment surplus for loan and grant to conserva­ ment: Provided further, That these funds may be used for, or to make payments in ble veterans, shall be made in an amount tion districts: House appropriated $1,000,000; greater than 25 per centum above the census Senate, $4,000,000; conferees agree upon connection with, the purchase of such agri­ cultural commodities and for exchanging, value of the average farm unit of thirty acres $2,500,000, to be expended only for such sur­ and more in the county or parish where the plus equipment. distributing, disposing, transporting, storing, processing, inspection, commission, and other purchase iR made, as determined by the 1940 CONSERVATION AND USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND incidental costs and expenses without regard farm census." RESOURCES to the provisions of. section 3709 of the Re­ The conferees agree on the following lan­ Amendment No. 45, regular conservation vised Statutes and without regard to the 25 guage: "and no loans, excepting those to program (direct appropriation): House ap­ per centum limitation contained in said' sec­ eligible veterans, inay be made for the acqui­ propriated $257,500,000; Senate, $259,246,000; tion 32: Provided further, That not more sition or enlargement of farms which have a House recedes. This action, together with than 2 per centum of the funds made avail­ value, as acquired, enlarged, or improved, in reappropriation, provides a total of $301,746,- able hereunder for a school lunch program excess of the average value of efficient family­ 000 for the regular agrj,cultural conservation shall be used to provide food for children in size farm-management units, as determined program, plus $12,500,000 for the special grass child-care centers. The amount of fUnds by the Secretary, in . the county, parish or and legume seed program. available hereunder for a school lunch pro­ locality where the farm is located." Amendment No. 48, administrative expense gram used in any State, Territory, possession, WATER FACILITIES, ARID AND SEMIARID AREAS limitation: House provided $26,942,888; Sen­ or the District of Columbia during any fiscal Amendment No. 61, loan funds and admin­ ate, $28,699,598; conferees agre~ upon year shall not exceed the total amount other­ istrative expenses for the water facilities pro­ $27,942,888. wise furn~hed for the same purpose by or on gram: House appropriated $1,500,000; Senate, Amendment No. 49, applications by vet­ behalf of the school authorities and other $2,000,000; conferees agree upon $1,750,000. erans for payments, within one year from sponsoring agencies in such State, Territory, date of discharge: The Senate added language possession, or District of Columbia, includ;. RURAL . ELECTRIFICATION. ADMINISTRATION authorizing the filing of such application by lng the value of donated services and sup­ Amendment No. 62, salaries and expenses: the person entitled to payment in case of plies, as certified by the respective schools, House appropriated $4,500,000; Senate, $5.- death, disappearance or incompetency of care centers, or agencies having control 000,000; House recedes. such veteran. The House recedes. thereof." Amendment No. 63, proviso in connection The Senate struck out the House language SUGAR ACT with awarding of contracts: The Senate and inserted in lieu thereof the following: struck the following language: Amendment No. 50, limitation on rates of "Provided, That not exceeding $75,000,000 payment: The Senate struck the following ·~Provided, That no part of the funds here­ of the funds appropriated by and pursuant to in provided for the Rural Electrification Ad­ language: 32 such section may also be used during the m~nistration shall be used for the processing "Provided, however, That none of the funds . fiscal year 1947, without regard to the 25 or approval of any loan, the application for appropriated under this head shall be used per centum limitation contained in said sec­ which does not stipulate (1) that the bor­ for payments in amounts in excess of those tion 32, to carry out the purposes and pro­ rower shall, in awarding contracts under such determined by the Secretary to be necessary visions of the National School Lunch Act, loan, award such contracts to the lowest to provide returns to producers equivalent Seventy-ninth Congress, second session, such financially responsible and .qualified · bidder to those contemplated under the 1946 support amount to be exclusive o! funds· expended in each case, as determined by the Adminis­ payment programs approved by the Stabiliza­ in accordance with the last sentence of sec­ trator of the Rural Electrification Adminis­ tion Administrator.~· tion 9 of the National Schoor Lunch Act." tration, (2) that the borrower shall open and The House recedes. The conferees agree upon the Senate lan­ consider all bids submitted, and (3) that EXPORTING AND DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION OF guage with an amendment correcting the such stipulation shall be made a part of the AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES citation to the National School Lunch Act. loan agreement covering such loan." Amendment No. 51, school lunch program: li!ARKETING SERVICES The House recedes. The Bouse bill included the following: Amendment No. 53, market news service: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION "Provided, That not exceeding $50,000,000 Federal contribution to Alabama marketing Amendment No. 64, :::alaries and expenses of the funds appropriated by and pursuant to services for services received from State (direct appropriation): increase for research such section 32 may also be used during the leased wire and Alabama marketing office: relative to the effects of postwar adjustment current fiscal year to provide food for con­ Senate appropriated $3,000; House recedes. and reconversion on farmers' cooperatives: sumption by children in nonprofit schools of Dairy and poultry market news service in Senate appropriated $40,000; Senate recedes. high-school grade or under and for child­ Atlanta·, Ga., area: Senate appropriated $7,- care centers through (a) the purchase, proc­ 500; House recedes. Market news service on GENERAL PROVISIONS essing, and ex-Jhange, and the distribution eggs, butter, and poultry, Cincinnati, Ohio: Amendment No. 65, additional passenger­ of agricultural commodities and products Senate appropriated $7,500; House recedes. carrying vehicles for work in connection with thereof; or (b) the making of payments to Installation of a market news service to serve experimental forests and ranges: The Senate such schools and centers or agencies having the stockyards area in Spokane, Wash.; Sen­ inserted the following language: "plus twelve control thereof in connection with the pur­ ate appropriated $11,122; House recedes. additional such vehicles for work in connec­ chase and distribution of agricultural com­ Leased-wire service for cooperative market tion with experimental forests and ranges.'.' modities in fresh or processed form and, when news office, Ashev1Ile, N. C.: Senate appro­ The House recedes. desirable, for the processing and exchange of priated $850; House recedes. such commodities and their products; or (c) AMENDMENTS IN DISAGREEMENT Amendment No. 56, Tobacco Acts-to per­ The managers on the part of the House by such other means as the Secretary may mit the opening of new markets and provide determine: Provided further, That funds report the folloWing amendments in disagree­ graders for these markets: Senate appropri­ ment: made available hereunder for a school lunch ated $200,000; conferees agree upon $100,000. program shall be apportioned for expenditure Amendment No. 43, forest roads and trails: in the States, Territories, possessions, and the LOANS, GRANTS, AND RURAL REHABILITATION Exempts certain easements or rights-of-way District of Columbia in accordance with Amendment No. 57, administrative ex· from the provisions of Revised Statute 355, school enrollment and need, as determined by_ penses: House appropriated $24,000,000; Sen­ As amended. The managers on the part of the Secretary. except that if program partici­ ate, $24,600,000; Senate recedes. the House will move to recede and concur. pation in any State, Territory, possession, or Amendment No. 58, authorization to bor­ Amendments Nos. 52, 54, and 55, agricul­ the District of Columbia does not require all row loan funds from RFC: House appropri­ tural wage stabtlization program: These fUnds so apportioned, the Secretary may re­ ated $67,500,000; Senate, $82,500,000; confer­ amendments provide funds and authority for apportion such excess fUnds to such other ees agree upon $70,000,000. continuing this program, and a limitation on States, Territories, pm:sessions, or the District Amendment No. 59, limitation on loans to the conditions under which agricUltural of Columbia in consideration of need, as he individual farmers: The Senate deleted the wages may be stabilized. The managers on may determine: Provided further, That ben­ following House language: "the making o! the part of the House will move to recede efits under (b) of this paragraph to schools loans to 'any individual farmer in excess of P,nd concur. or child-care centers or other sponsoring · a total outstanding obligation of $2,500 for Amendment No. 66. Provision relating to . agencies shall in no case exceed the cost o! all such loans" and inserted in liim thereof subversive activities and strikes against the '6670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Government. Tht'> House enacted the fol­ section shall be construed to require an affi­ ner whatsoever, the aggregate maximum per­ lowing: davit from any person employed for less than sonnel ceilings established by section 14 (a) "SEc. 5. No part of any appropriation con­ 60 days for sudden emergency work involving of the Federal Employees' Pay Act of 1946 te~ned in this act shall be used to pay the the loss of human life or destruction of prop­ (Public Law No. 390) nor to authorize th'e salary or wages of any person who advocat es, erty, and payment of salary or wages may be compensation of a greater aggregate number or who is ~ member of an o r ga~ization that made to such persons from applicable appro­ than the number provided for in· the afore­ advocates, the overthrow of the Government priations for services rendered in such emer­ said Act. In the case of any activity whose of the United States by force or violence: gency without execution of the affidavit con­ personnel may be increased in consequence Provided , That for the purposes hereof an templated by this section." of appropriations contained in this Act, the ·affidavit shall be considered prima facie evi:­ Th managers on the part of the House Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall dence that the person making the affidavit will move to recede and concur in the Senate recommend and effectuate such reduction in does not advocate, and is not a member of amendment, with an amendment as follows: personnel in such Governmental agencies as an organization that advocates the over­ In lieu of the matter stricken out and in­ he may deem advisable as will offset any in­ throw of the Government of the United serted by said amendment, insert the fol­ crease in personnel for which provision is States by force or violence·: Provi ded further, lowing: made in this Act." That such administrative or supervisory em­ "SEc. 5. No part of any appropriation con­ Amendment No. 68, correcting a section ployees of t he Department as may be desig­ tained in this Act nhall be used to pay the number. nated for the purpose by the Secretary are salary or wages of any person who engages M . C. TARVER, hereby authorized to administer the oaths to in a strike against the Government of the CLARENCE CANNON, persons making affidavits required by this United States or who is a member of an JAMIE L. WHITTEN, section, and they shall charge no fee for so organization of Government employees that EvERETT M. DIRKSEN, doing: Provided further, That any person asserts the right to strike against the Gov­ CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, who advocates, or who is a member of an ernment of the United States, or who advo­ Managers on the Part of the House. organization that advocates, the overthrow cates, or is a member of an organization that of the Government of the United States by advocates, the overthrow of the Government Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield force or violence and accepts employment of the United States by force or violence: myself 12 minutes. the salary or wages for which are paid from Provided, That for the purposes hereof an any appropriation contained in this Act shall affidavit shall be considered prima facie evi­ Mr. Speaker, this conference report be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, dence that the person making the affidavit represents a unanimous agreement on shall be fined not more than $1,000 or im­ has not contrary to the provisions of this the part of the Senate and the House prisoned for not more than one year, or section engaged in a strike against the Gov­ conferees upon every item contained in both: Provided further, That the above pen­ ernment of the United States, is not a mem­ the bill. There are six amendments afty clause shall be in addition to, and not ,ber of an organization of Government em­ which are legislative in character, action in substitution for, any other provisions of ployees that asserts the right to strike against witli regard to which could not be had in existing law: Provided further, That nothing the Government of the United States, or that in this section shall be construed to require such person does not advocate, and is not a the. conference report on that account. an affidavit from any person employed for member of an organization that advocates, However, the conferees on the part of less than sixty days for sudden_emergency the overthrow of the Government of the the House, as indicated in the report of work involving the loss of human life or United States by force or violence: Provided the managers, will move to recede and destruction of property, and payment of further, That such administrative or super­ concur, either with or without amend­ salary or wages may be made to such persons visory employees of the Department as may ment, in the several amendments in ques­ from applicable appropriations for services be designated for the purpose by the Secre­ tion. rendered in such emergency without execu­ tary are hereby authorized to administer the tion of the affidavit contemplated by this oaths to persons making affidavits required The bill which is before you now is section." by this section, and they shall charge no fee approximately $30,000,000 below the The Senate struck out the House language, for so doing: Provided further, That any per­ amount carried in the bill for appropria­ and inserted ,in lieu thereof the following: son who engages in a strike against the Gov­ tions, reappropriations, and loan author­ "SEC. 5. No part of any appropriation con­ ernment of the United States or who is a izations as it passed the · Senate. How­ tained in this Act shall be used to pay the member of an organization of Government ever, it is approximately $35,000,000 with salary or wages of any person who is a mem­ employees that asserts the right to strike against the Government of the United States respect to those items.above the bill as it ber of an organization of Government em­ passed the House of Representatives. ployees that asserts the right to strike against or who advocates, or who is a member of a~ the Government of the United States, or who organization that advocates the overthrow The major portion of that increase, $25,- advocates, or is a member of an organization of the Government of the United States by 000,000, is represented by an increase in that advocates, the over·throw of the Govern­ force or violence and accepts employment the the amount of funds provided for the ment of the United States by force or vio­ salary or wages for which are paid from any school-lunch program from section 32 lence: Provided, That for the purposes here­ appropriation contained in this Act shall be monies. of an affidavit shall be considered prima facie guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, shall You will recall that when the bill evidence that the person making the affidavit be 1ined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned is not a member of an organization of Gov­ for not more than one year, or both: Pro­ passed the House of Representatives this ernment employees that asserts the right to vided further, That the above penalty clause body had just passed the National strike against the Government of the United shall be in addition to, and not in substitu­ School-Lunch Act, and the limitation States, or that such person does not advocate, tion for, any other provisions of existing law: provided in that act as it passed the and is not a memqer of an organization that Provided further, That nothing in this sec­ House for the expenditure of funds for advocates, the overthrow of the .Govern­ tion shall be construed to require an affi­ the school-lunch program was $50,000,- ment of the United States by force or vio­ davit from any person employed for less than lence: Provided further, That such adminis­ 60 days for sudden emergency work involv­ 000, so your subcommittee on agricultural trative or supervisory employees of the ing the loss of human life or destruction o! appropriations was obliged to observe Department as may be designated for the property, and payment of salary or wages what were then the expressed wishes purpose by the Secretary are hereby author­ may be made to such persons from applicable of the House, and brought in a provision ized to administer the oaths to persons mak­ appropriations for services rendered in such for the expenditure of $51\00C,OOO for ing affidavits required by this section, and emergency without execution of the affidavit that purpose. Subsequently the Senate they shall charge no fee for so doing: Pro­ contemplated by this section." vided further, That any person who is a Amendment No. 67, corresponding reduc­ amended the school-lunch legislation so member of an organization of Government tion of personnel in other agencies to offset as to remove the over-all limit~tion of employees that asserts the right to strike increases provided in the Act: $50,000,000 and to leave in the legislation against the Government of the United States, The Senate inserted the following lan­ no limitation whatever upon the amounts or who ad,:ocates, or who is a member of an guage: which might be appropriated by Con­ organization that advocates, the overthrow "SEc. 6. Section 14 (a) of the Federal Em­ of the Government of the United States by ployees' Pay Act of 1946 shall not apply to gress under its authority. That amend­ force or violence and accepts employment employment of personnel required to do the ment of the Senate was unanimously the salary or wages for· which are paid from work authorized by those appropriations for agreed to in the House. The $75,000,000 any appropriation contained in this act shall which increased funds are provided by this which are now provided for in the bill be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, Act." for the school-lunch program are justi­ shall be fined not more than $1 ,000 or im­ The mangers on the part of t he House will fied by a Budget estimate in that amount. p risoned for not more than 1 year, or both : move to recede and concur, with an amend­ P r ovided further, That the above penalty ment as a substitute for the Senate provisi.on, It is expected that it will be sufficient clause shall be in addition to, and not in sub­ as follows: to take care of the enrollment in this £.titution for, any other provisions of existin g "SEC. 6. Nothing contained in this Act shall program of something in f'Xcess of 10,- law: Provided further, That nothing in this be construed to alter, oi: modify in any man- 000,000 children for the next fiscal year 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6671 as against some 6,000 ,000-plus who have I insert here by permission of the Mr. DONDERO. The question of the been taken care of in the program for House a statement regarding funds car­ school lunch is a little confusing. Do I the present fiscal year . . ried in the bill which is self-explanatory: understand the conferees have adopted the principle of the school lunch, but Depar tment of Agr iculture appr opriation bill, 1947 fixed no definite amount? I Mr. TARVER. No. The House and Conference Conference report com· report com· Senate, in the passage of the National H ouse bill Senate bill As finally pared with pared with School-Lunch Act, authorized appropria­ passed H ouse biii Senate bill C+) or (- ) <+>or(- ) tions without limit for the national school-lunch program. The pending conference report provides for $75,000,- Direct appropriations ______$573, 601 ' 949 I $5~8 , 737, 735 $581, 240, 121 + $7, 638,17 - $17, 497, 614 Reap propria tions ... ___ _------_ 111, 454, 068 111 ' 454, 068 111, 454, 068 ------000 for the next fiscal year for the pur­ T otal appropriations and re· pose of carrying on that program. appropriations ______685, 056, 017 I 710, 191, 803 692; 694, 189 +7, 638, 172 - 17, 497, 614 Mr. DONDERO. Then, after that, what is the amount provided? Transfer from permanent appropria· tions ______·------1:0,000, GOO 75, 000, coo 75,000,000 + 25, 000, GOO ------Mr. TARVER. Amounts which may be Authorizations to borrow from Re· decided upon by the Congress from year construction Finance Corporation 367,500, 000 382, 500, 000 370, 000, 000 +2, 500,000 - 12, 500, ()()() to year as the needs of the program are (for loans).------reviewed. Grand total of items carried in bill, including Reconstruc- Mr. DONDERO. That is just for 1" tion Finance Corporation year? funds. ------1, 102, 556, 017 1, 167, 691, 803, 2 1, 137, 694, 189 +35, 138, 172 -29, 997, 614 Mr. TARVER. This is just for the fiscal year 1947. lJncludes $1,045,100 for Budget amendm ents totaling $1,095,100 contained inS. Docs. Nos. 143, 171, and 172, sub· mitted after passage of bi!J by the House. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the z This fi gure compares with total 1S46 appropriations for com parable items of $1,147,532,907 an d total Budget gentleman yield? estimates for this bill of $1,144,359,74.0. Mr. TARVER. I yield. There are many items in the bill which recognizing the importance of its work, Mr. KNUTSON. Recurring to amend­ are of very great interest to the mem­ and has made provision in the bill as it ment No. 37 dealing with forest products, bership of the House. The committee passed the House for, as I recall, the just how much are you giving the labora­ has felt that sufficient time has elapsed amount that the Budget estimated was tory at Madison, Wis.? That is amend­ since last Friday for the membership of necessary to meet the reasonable needs of ment No. 37. the House to study the conference report that laboratory. We realize the en­ Mr. TARVER. The Senate has re­ which was submitted on that day and in thusiasm of many of our friends in the ceded from its amendment increasing view of the fact that the actions recom­ House with regard to these types of ex­ from $1,385,000 to $1,635,000, except as to mended by them are unanimous in char­ perimentations, but we feel that under $10,000, the sum involved in this para­ acter, it is not felt that extended dis­ the present financial conditions of the graph of the amount involved in the cussion of the conference report is neces­ Government, when we have exceeded the Senate amendment, which it is provided sary unless Members of the House desire Budget estimates by approximately $490,- shall be expended for researeh in the to ask questions in regard to it, in which 000 in an effort to deal effectively with utilization of waste woods. event I will endeavor as best I can to these problems which are not local to the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ furnish them such information as they area in which the gentleman is primarily tleman from Georgia has again expired. may desire. interested, but which are general Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the throughout the United States, we have 5 minutes to the gentleman from Missouri gentleman yield? been very liberal in connection with that [Mr. CANNON]. Mr. TAB.VER. I yield to the gentle­ subject matter. I now yield to the gen­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. man from Minnesota. tleman from Mississippi. Speaker, the conference report submitted ·Mr. KNUTSON. With reference to Mr. RANKIN. I would like to ask the today c~rries one of the best balanced amendment No. 3'i concerning forest gentleman a question concerning amend­ agricult'ural programs ever brought be­ products on page 10, the Senate provided ment No. 62. I notice the Senate in­ fore the House. Much of the credit, for two additional utilization research creased the appropriation for the ex­ if not most of the credit, for its presenta­ units for the purpose of fortifying the penses of the Rural Electrification Ad­ tion in its present form is due to the present very excellent work that is being ministration, and also struck out those work and wisdom of the distinguished carried on in the Forest Products Labora­ limitations that the House bill contained gentleman fr-om Georgia, Judge TARVER, tory at Madison, Wis. The Senate pro­ about which some of us complained when chairman of the subcommittee. vided a $150,000 increase which the con­ the measure was up before. As I under­ Judge TARVER is perhaps better in­ ferees cut down to $10,000. It seems to stand it, your motion will be to concur in formed on agricultural matters, and me that $10 ,000 is a pretty sma.U increase the Senate amendment? agricultural legislation in particular, than considering the vast forest areas in many Mr. TARVER . . No. The conference any other Member of the body. His States of the Union and the great waste report includes the proposed action with practical knowledge of farm matters and that is entaUed now in the logging of such reference to amendments 62 and 63, and his long experience in agricultural ap­ areas. in connection with both of them the con­ propriations particularly fit him for this Mr. TARVER. The SUbcommittee on ferees on the part of the House have work. As a result his suggestions have Agriculture Appropriations has manifest­ agreed to recommend that the House been so largely followed in the drafting ed throughout the years intense interest shall recede. of the bill and his recommendations have in experimentati'>n in forest products Mr. RANKIN. That is what I mean. I been so generally accepted on the con­ and in the solution of the problems of should have said amendments 62 and 63. ference report that so far as I know forestry. In the preceding item-forestry These Senate amendments are very bene­ there is no disposition to oppose or criti­ range management investigations--our ficial to rural electrification. Especially cize either the report or the amendments committee made provision in connec­ is that true as to amendment 63. returned for action by the House. tion with the bill as it passed the House Mr. TARVER. No separate motion will Duling Judge TARVER's long and emi­ for appropriation of $480,000 in excess of be offered with reference to those amend- · nent service in the House he has made the Budget estimate in order to provide ments. The action with regard to them invaluable contributions to the welfare for the establishment of 12 additional is recommended in the conefrence report. of the country in many respects and in experimental forest stations throughout Mr. RANKIN. But it means to recede many widely diversified fields. But the United States. and concur in these two Senate amend­ throughout his membership here-a pe­ In connection with the appropriations ments? riod covering something like two dec­ for the Madison laboratory to which the Mr. TARVER. Exactly. ades-he has rendered increasingly valu­ gentleman's inquiry relates, the commit­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the able service to agriculture, particularly tee has always endeavored to deal very gentleman ·yield? in his chairmanship of the committee liberally with the Madison laboratory, Mr. TARVER. I yield. in charge of agricultural appropriations. '6672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 As chairman of the body in control of perhaps pardonable partiality in that man, Interaeency Policy Committee on the purse strings he has been in a posi­ one respect. Rubber: tion to help the farmer more directly Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, will OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION and more effectively than any number of the gentleman yield? AND RECONVERSION, Members of Congress lacking this excep­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to Washington, D . C., June 3, 1946 . . tional advantage, however earnest their The Honorable JACK Z. ANDERSON, my colleague from Missouri. House oj .Representatives, interest and intentions. In providing Mr. ZIMMERMAN. The gentleman Washington, D. C. for parity prices, in .formulating com­ from Missouri has stated that he thought DEAR MR. ANDERSON : As chairman of the modity-credit policies, in supporting possibly the gentleman from Georgia Interagency Policy Committee on Rubber, I REb., in providing funds for farm secu­ [Mr TARVER] had been a little too zealous have been instruct ed to take whatever ac- _ rity and soil conservation and in num­ in behalf of the cotton industry. Coming tion that seems wise and necessary to im­ berless other ways he has aided in main­ from a cotton district, the only part of · plement a recommendation of that commit­ taining farm prices and farm prosperity Missouri which grows cotton, we do ap­ tee dealing wit h continuing research and de­ and to that extent assisted American velopment of natural rubber wit hin this preciate the splendid service the gentle­ country. agriculture in its indispensable contribu- . man from Georgia has rendered the cot­ In order to carry out the recommendations tion toward the winning of the war. ton growers of our State. I wish to say, of the Int eragency Committee, John Snyder, Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the however, that I believe a fair evaluation Director of the Office of War Mobilization and gentleman yield? of the services of the gentleman from Reconversion, requested the Department of Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to Georgia on this committee will show that Agriculture to prepare certain amendments the gentleman from Mississippi. he has been a strong supporter of all to the agriculture appropriations bill for the fiscal year 1947. These amendments have the\ Mr. RANKIN. I wish to join the gen­ branches of agriculture, as well as cot­ approval of the Bureau of the Budget and tleman from Missouri in what he says ton, and I think it hardly fair to say were transmitted by the President to the ·about the servic ~.- of the gentleman from that he has been partial toward cotton Congress. Recently, I appeared before the Georgia [Mr. TARVER], on this particular because I think he has really.been zealous Agriculture Subcommittee of the Senate bill. As far as the farmers are con­ for all branches of agriculture. Committee on Appropriations. The Senate cerned, it provides funds for rural elec­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Coming as Committee on Appropriations included them trification for the coming year. By his he does from the congressional district in reporting the agriculture appropriations bill and the Senate has acted favorably. agreeing to the Senate amendments to producing more cotton per acre than any So that you may have a resume of the sit­ take out those limiting provisions that other unirrigated district in the United uation, I am enclosing a copy of the formal would have har..1pered the building of States, the gentleman from Missouri is statement submitted to the Agriculture Sub­ rural lines, he has added a great deal to qualified to speak on the subject and I committee of the Senate Committee on Ap­ the rural electrification program for the accept his opinion. propriations. This statement includes several coming year, for which he deserves the I count it a privilege to have served on exhibits. Exhibit A is an excerpt from the commendation of every farmer in first report of the Interagency Policy Com­ the committee and subcommittee with mittee on Rubber. Exhibits B, C, and D are America. the gentleman from Georgia, Judge copies of the Interagency Committee's letter Mr. CANNON of Missouri. No one is TARVER. Few men have attained the to Mr. Snyder, Mr. Snyder's letter of agree­ better qualified to testify to on that sub­ stature and achieved the position he ment and the action taken. Also as ex­ ject than the gentlema~ from Missis­ holds in the House and in the hearts of hibit E, I am including a copy of a letter sippi who has consistently led the fight his associates. It has been given to few dated March 18, 1946, in which the . views for many years on behalf of rural elec­ men to serve so notably and so efficiently of the Interagency Committee were set forth trification. his constituents and his country. to the members of the Senate Committee on Appropriations. Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ The Interagency Policy Committee on Rub~ will the gentleman yield? tleman from Missouri has expired. ber hopes sincerely that the House of Repre­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield sentatives will concur with the sections of the gentleman from Georgia. such time as he may require to the gen­ the agriculture appropriations b1ll dealing Mr. BROWN of Georgia. I appreciate tleman from Californ:i. a [Mr. ANDERSON]. with natural rubber research and extracting very much the compliment the gentle­ processes as passed by the Senate. I am at Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. the call of the House conferees, should they man paid to my colleague, Mr. TARVER. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ be appointed and desire additional informa­ For many years I have watched the tend my remarks at this point in the tion. career of the gentleman from Georgia. RECORD. Sincerely yours, He has always undertaken to obtain Mr. SPEAKER. Is there objection to· W. L. BATT, equality for the farmers in common with the request of the gentleman from Cali­ Chairman, Interagency Policy Committee every other group. I know of no man fornia? on Rubber. who has done more for the farmers of There was no objection. Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 this country than the gentleman from Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. minute to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ Georgia. Speaker, I note with regret that the con­ vania [Mr. RieHL Mr. CANNON of Missouri. He has not ference committee has failed to include Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I want to only rendered this great service to Amer­ in this bill the amount recommended by add my word of commendation for the ican agriculture but he has done it at a the Senate for further investigations and gentleman from Georgia, we all like him; minimum cost to the country. While he research on the extraction and processing but I would like to ask, the gentleman has provided for every legitimate need, of guayule rubber. In spite of repeated and the Congress that when you stop he has exercised commendable economy warnings from Members of Congress and paying the farmers subsidies in a short in every bill he has reported. the Interagency Policy Committee on time because of the Treasury being If I were permitted to criticize . the Rubber the Senate confereees receded broke, what is the farmer going to do? gentleman from Georgia, my only criti­ from their position and the guayule Why do you not go out and increase the cism would be that while he has served liquidation program will proceed. price of the farmers' commodities and­ agriculture generally he has perhaps let the consumer pay the farmer the been a little too solicitous of the cotton To me this is a tragically short-sighted price he ought to have for his work and industry. He has been always deeply attitude for the Congress to adopt. It his commodities. That will get the interested in maintaining the price of may seriously affect our national security country on its feet and stop raiding the cotton and in providing for research and . in the future and it will definitely restrict Treasury. That is the thing I would other services to the cotton farmers our ability to develop a method of pro­ like to ask Members on that side of the which I sometimes thought went just a ducing raw natural rubber in the United House at this particular time. Put some little bit beyond what was done for other States. business into the operation of the Gov­ branches of our agricultural economy,. In order to emphasize the position of ernment and do it quick before it is too but notwithstanding that I must concede the administrative agencies on this im­ late. that his general service to agriculture portant subject I wish to include the fol­ Mr. TARVER. No subsidies for farm­ as a whole has more than mitigated his lowing letter from W. L. Batt, chair- ers are carried in this bill. ~he gentle- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6673 man knows my position with regard to The Clerk read as follows: organization that advocates, the overthrow the subject matter of subsidies. I may Senate amendment No. 43: On page 45, line of the Government of the United States by say to the gentleman frankly that it is 5, insert ": Provided further, That in obli­ force or violence: Provided further, That somewhat in accord with his own views, gating or expending funds herein contained such administrative or supervis,ory employees for 'Forest roads and trails' the provisions of of the Department as may be designated but when he takes the position that for the purpose by the Secretary are hereby payments to preserve the soil of this Revised Statute, 355, as amended, shall not be applicable to easements or rights-of-way authorized to administer the oaths to per­ country, our greatest national resource, for forest roads and trails constructed under sons making affidavits required by this sec­ from ·erosion and to restore fertility are the provision of this section, where the cost tion, and they shall charge no fee for so subsidies to the American farmers, the of any such easement or right-of-way ac­ doing: Provided further, That any person gentleman is incorrect in his viewpoint. quired under a single instrument of convey­ who is a member of an organization that Mr. RICH. I am not talking about ance and the estimated cost of the improve­ asserts the right to strike against the Gov­ that. I am talking about the wheat ments to be constructed thereon does not ernment of the United States, or who advo­ exceed $40,000." cates, or who is a member of an organization farmer, the cotton farmer, the dairy that advocates, the overthrow of the Govern­ farmer, and other farmers being paid Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move ment of the United States by force or vio­ subsidies, the thing that will eventually that the House recede and concur in the lence and accepts employment the salary or break the farmer and wreck the Treas­ Senate amendment. wages for which are paid from any appropria­ ury. The motion was agreed to. tion contained in this act shall be guilty of a Mr. TARVER. There are no subsi­ Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask felony and, upon conviction, shall be fined dies for farmers contained in this bill. not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not unanimous consent that Senate amend­ more than 1 year, or both: Provided further, The SPEAKER. The time of the ments Nos. 52, 54, and 55, all relating to That the above penalty clause shall be in gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ the agricultural wage-stabilization pro­ addition to, and not in substitution for, any pired. gram, be considered en bloc. other provisions or existing law: Provi ded Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to further, That nothing in this section shall minute to the gentleman from Georgia the request of the gentleman from be construed to require an affidavit from any [Mr. ?ACE]. Georgia? person employed for less than 60 days for Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ There was no objection. sudden emergency work involving the loss mous consent to extend my remarks at of human life or destruction of property, and The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report payment of salary or wages may be made to this point in the RECORD. the Senate amendments in disagree­ such persons from applicabltl appropriations The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment. for services rendered in such emergency with­ the request of the gentleman from The Clerk read as follows: out execution of the affidavit contemplated Georgia? Senate amendment No. 52: Strike out by this section." There was no objection. "$2,394,764" and insert "$2,434,764." Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, reference Senate amendment No. 54: Page 59, line that the House recede and concur in the has been rr.ade to the long and distin­ 13, strike out "$1,901,500" and insert "$2,251,- Senate amendment with an amendment. guished record in Congress of my col­ 500, of which not to exceed $350,000 may be The Clerk read as follows: league, the gentleman from Georgia, expended for the wage stabilization program Judge TARVER. conducted during the fiscal year 1946 under Mr. TARVER moves that the House recede the appropriation 'Salaries and expenses, War from its disagreement to the amendment of Certainly no Member of the Congress Food Administration', and, in the absence of the Senate amendment No. 66 and concur in is more entitled to receive, or more other governing statute, the provisions of the same with an amendment as follows: greatly deserves, public recognition and law applicable to such program during the "SEC. 5. No part of any appropriation con­ commendation for faithful service, de­ fiscal year 1946 are continued during the tained in this act shall be used to pay the votion to duty, and untiring efforts in fiscal year 1947." salary or wages of any person who engages behalf of his country, his State, and the Senate amendment No. 55: Page 60, line 5, in a strike against the Government of the people of his home district. after the word "orders" insert ": Provided United States or who is a member of an further, That no part of this appropriation organization of Government employees that Georgia is a great agricultural State shall be used for agricultural wage stabiliza­ asserts the right to strike against the Gov­ and I feel greatly indebted to the gentle­ tion with respect to any commodity unless a ernment of the United States, or who advo­ man from Georgia, Judge TARVER, for majority of the producers of such commodity cates, or is a member of an organization that the interest he has always shown in the within the area affected participating in a · advocates, the overthrow of the Government welfare of the farmers and in the pro­ referendum or meeting held for that pur­ of the United States by force or violence: tection of their mterests. As chairman pose request the intervention of the Secre­ Provided, That for the purposes hereof an tary." affidavit shall be considered prima facie evi­ of the Subcommittee on Appropriations, dence that -the person making the affidavit which handles all appropriations for Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move has not contrary to the provisions of this agriculture, he has never failed to fight that the House recede and concur in the section engaged in a strike against the Gov­ the cause of those who produce the food Senate amendments numbered 52, 54, ernment of the United States, is not a mem­ and fiber to feed and clothe the Nation. and 55. ber of an organization of Government em­ He has actively supported the rural.,. The motion was agreed to. ployees that asserts the right to strike against electrification program, the tenant­ the Government of the United States, or that The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report such person does not advocate, and is not a purchase program, the soil-conservation the next amendment in disagreement. member of an organization that advocates-, and soil-building program, an expanded The Clerk read as follows: the overthrow of the Government of the research program, and has fought day Senate amendment No. 66: Page 76, line 14, United States by force or violence: Provided in and day out to secure fair prices and strike out all of section 5 and i:rfsert the further, That such administrative or super­ equality of treatment for the farmers. following: visory employees of the Department as may The entire State of Georgia takes pride "SEc. 5. No part of any appropriation con­ be designated for the purpose by the Secre.: in the work of the gentleman from tained in this act shall be used to pay the tary are hereby authorized to administer the Georgia, Judge TARVER and understands salary or wages of any person who is a mem­ oaths to persons making affidavits required ber of an organization of Government em­ by this section, and they shall charge no fee what a great asset it is to our State to ployees that asserts the right to strike against for so doing: Provided further, That any per­ have him in this important and respon­ the Government of the United States, or son who engages in a strike against the Gov­ sible position as chairman of this sub­ who advocates, or is a member of an organi­ ernment of the United States or who is a committee. It is a great honor and zation that advocates, the overthrow of the member of an organization of Government service to our State. Government of the United States by force or employees that asserts the right to strike Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move violence: Provided, That for the purposes against the Government of the United States, the previous question on the conference hereof an affidavit shall be considered prima or who advocates, or who is a member of an facie evidence that the person making the organization that advocates the overthrow report. affidavit is not a member of an organization of the Government of the United States by The previous question was ordered. of Government employees that asserts the force or violence and accepts employment the ·The conference report was agreed to. right to strike against the Government of salary or wages for which are paid from any The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the United States, or that such person does appropriation contained in this act shall be the first amendment in disagreement. not advocate, and Is not a member of an guilty of a felony and, upon conviction shall 6674 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned of his secretaries, who also informed the H. R. 2246. An act for the relief of the es­ for not more than 1 year, or both: Provided House that on the following dates the tate of Michael 0. Mello, and Christian 0. further, That the above penalty clause shall President approved and signed bills and Mello; be in addition to, and not in substitution H. R. 2248. An act for :the relief of Joseph for, any otlier provisions of existing law: joint resolutions of the House of the fol­ E. Alarie; Provided further, That nothing in this sec­ lowing titles: H. R. 2926. An act for the relief of Mrs. tion shall be construed to require an affi­ On May 21, 1946: Alice Breon; davit from any person employed for less than H. R. 505.9. An act to provide additional · H. R. 2973. An act for the relief of Ben 60 days for sudden emergency work involv­ compensation· for postmasters and employees Thomas Haynes, a minor; ing the loss of human life or destruction of of the postal service; and H. R. 3270. An act for the relief of James B. property, and payment of salary or wages H. R. 1457. An act for the relief of Jose­ McCarty; may be made to such persons from applicable phi'ne Benham. H. R. 3340. An act for the relief of Mrs. appropriations for services rendered in such On May 22, 1946: Merla Koperski; emergency without execution of the affidavit H. R. 4761. An act to expedite the avail­ H. R. 3599. An act for the relief of Ama L. contemplated by this section." ability of housing for veterans of World War Normand and the estate of Curtis Joseph II by expediting the production and alloca­ Gaspard, deceased; The motion was agreed to. tion of materials for housing purposes and by H. R. 3618. An act for the relief of Mrs. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report curbing excessive pricing of new housing, and Vannas H. Hicks; the next amendment in disagreement. for other purposes. · H. R. 4172. An act for the relief of Carlton The Clerk read as follows: On May 27, 1946: G. Jerry; H. R. 5604. An act reducing or further re­ H. R. 4300. An act for the relief of the Senate amendment No. 67: Page 79, line 9, county of Hawaii, T. H.; -insert a new section as follows: ducing certain appropriations and contrac­ tual authorizations available for the fiscal H. R: 4301. An act for the relief of Philip "SEc. 6. Section 14 (a) of the Federal Naope Kaili and Susie Kaili; Employees' Pay Act of 1946 shall not apply year 1946, and for other purposes. On May 28, 1946: H. R. 4750. An act for the relief of C. C. to employment of personnel required to do Vest; the work authorized by those appropriations H. R. 4763. An act for the relief of R. L. Benton. H. R. 4800. An act for the relief of Harry for which increased funds are provided by Fleishman; this act." On May 29, 1946: H. J. Res. 273. Joint resolution to provide H. R. 4833. An act for the relief of the es­ Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move for the proper observance of the one hundred tate of Robert Lee Blackmon; that the House recede and concur in the and fifty-fifth anniversary of the adoption of H. R. 4836. An act for the relief of Louis Senate amendment with an amendment. . the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, M. Drolet; The Clerk read as follows: known as the Bill of Rights; and H. R. 4905. An act for the relief of Nina E. H. J. Res. 353. Joint resolution extending Schmidt; Mr. TARVER moves that the House recede the time for the release of powers of appoint­ H. R. 5049. An act for the relief of the ·es­ from its disagreement to the amendment of ment for the purposes of certain provisions tate of Obaldino Francis Dias; the Senate numbered 67 and concur in the of the Internal Revenue Code. H. R. 5525. An act for the relief of Sylvia same with an amendment, as follows: On June 3, 1946: Wagner; and "SEc. 6. Nothing contained in this act shall H. R. 5504. An act to amend an act en­ H. R. 6245. An act for the relief of Mary G. be construed to alter, or modify in any man­ titled "An act to establish a uniform system Paul. ner whatsoever, the aggregate maximum per­ of bankruptcy throughout the United CALL OF THE HOUSE sonnel ceilings established by section 14 (a) States," approved July 1, 1898, and acts of the Federal Employees' Pay Act of 1946 amendatory thereof and supplementary Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I make (Public Law No. 390) nor to authorize the thereto. the point of order that a quorum is not compensation of a greater aggregate number On June 4, 1946: present. than the number provided for in the afore­ H. R.-3370. An act to proviqe assistance to The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum said act. In the case of any activity whose the States in the establishment, mainte­ is not present. personnel may be increased in consequence of nance, operation, and expansion of school­ appropriations contained in this act, the lunch programs, and for other purposes. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall On June 8, 1946: move a call of the House. recommend and effectuate such reduction in H. R. 1072. An act for the relief of Henry A call of the House was ordered. personnel in such governmental agencies as R. Butler; The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ he may deem advisable as will offset any H. R. 3228. An act for the relief of Sam lowing Members failed to answer to their increase in personnel for which provision is Dishong; names: made in this act." H. R. 4141. An act for the relief of Piombo [Roll No. 153] The motion was agreed to. Bros. & Co.; H. R. 4174. An act for the relief of Mayer G. Andrews, N.Y. Granger Ploeser The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report Baldwin, Md. Grant, Ind. Reece, Tenn. Hansen; Barrett, Pa. Hagen the ne~:t amendment in disagreement. Richards H. R. 4270. An act for the relief of South­ Brumbaugh Harris Robinson, Utah The Clerk read as follows: ern California Edison Co., Ltd.; Cannon, Fla. Horan Roe. N.Y. Senate amendment No. 68. Page 79, line H. R. 4298. An act for the relief of Severo Carlson Jensen Sheppard 13·, strike out "6" and insert "7 ." Apoluna Dinson and Candilaria Dinson, and Cochran Johnson, Ind. Stewart the legal guardian of Laura Dinson, and the Colmer Johnson, Stigler Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I move legal guardian of Teresita Dinson; · Courtney Luther A. Tolan Crawford Ludlow Vursell that the House concur in the Senate H. R. 4418. An act for the relief of the city Curley McGehee Welch amendment. of San Diego, Tex.; Durham McGregor White The motion was agreed to. H. R. 4757. An act for the relief of Mrs. Ellsworth Morrison Winstead Gussie Feldman; Fe.nton Norton Wolfenden, Pa. A motion to· reconsider the votes by H. R. 4885. An act for the relief of Ernst V. Folger O'Hara Woodruff which action was taken on the several Brender; Gearhart O'Konsk1 motions was laid on the table. H. R. 5307. An act for the relief of Ben V. The SPEAKER. On this roll call 385 King; Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Members have answered to their names~ unanimous consent that in connection H. R. 6010. An act for the relief of the Ya­ a quorum. with the remarks I made today upon the kutat Cooperative Market; and H. R. 6011. An act for the relief of Dr. Harry By unanimous consent, further pro­ conference report I may be permitted to Burstein, Madeline Borvick, and Mrs. Clara ceedings under the call were dispensed insert a table showing appropriations, Kaufman Truly (formerly Miss Clara M. with. reappropriations and loan authorizations Kaufman). APPOINTMENT OF FACT-FINDING BOARDS carried in the bill as it passed the House, On June 10, 1946: as it passed the Senate, and as it has been H. R. 216. An act for the relief of John Se-. TO INVESTIGATE LABOR DISPUTEs­ finally agreed to in the conference report. ferian and Laura Seferian; VETO MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT The SPEAKER. Is there objection to H. R. 781. An act for the relief of the legal OF THE UNITED STATES guardian of Douglas Charles McRae, a minor; The SPEAKER laid before the House the request of the gentleman from Geor­ H. R. 1238. An act for the relief of Father gia? Peter B. Duffee; · the following veto message from the t There was no objection. H. R. 2188. An act for the relief of George President of the United States: ~ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT W. Bailey; H. R. 2223. An act for the relief of Cath· To the House of Representatives: . I A message in writing from the Presi­ erine Bode; I am returning herewith, without my dent of the United States was commu­ H. R. 2242. An act for the relief of Mrs. Les­ approval, H. R. 4908, entitled "An act to nicated to the House by Mr. Miller, one sie L. Bryant and Miss Jimmie Alexander; provide additional facilities for the me- l946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 6675 diation of labor disputes, and for other no matter how insignificant, if the dis­ Labor Disputes Act, more commonly purposes." pute affects interstate commerce. known as the Smith-Connally Act. In The outstanding domestic problem At the same time, May 25, I also re­ his veto message of June 25, 1943, Presi­ confronting this country today is the quested permanent legislation leading to dent Roosevelt warned the Congress that maintenance and increase of production. the formulation of a long-range .labor the strike-vote provisions of section 8 We must have production, or the effects policy designed to prevent the recurrence of the Smith-Connally Act would not of ruinous in:fiation will be felt by every of such crises, and generally to reduce lessen but would promote industrial one of our citizens. Strikes and lock­ work stoppages in all industries. I fur­ strife. That prediction was fully borne outs are the greatest handicaps to at­ ther recommended the immediate cre­ out by subsequent events. It is my belief taining vital production. ation by the Congress of a joint commit­ that a similar result would follow the ap­ Inasmuch as the solution of our pres­ tee to study the entire question and, proval of this bill. ent-day labor problems constitutes the within 6 months, to bring in its recom­ If a joint committee to investigate this key to production, this present bill must mendations for appropriate legislation. entire subject were appointed immedi­ be judged in the light of whether it will I again renew the recommendation that ately and if the subject were given the assist in reducing labor strife in the a joint committee be appointed to make priority to which it is entitled, a report Nation. a study of the whole subject of labor re­ covering the entire field could be sub­ I have given careful study to the bill. lations, and to suggest permanent long­ mitted to the Congress within this cal­ I have not considered it from the stand­ range legislation. endar year. point of whether it favors or harms labor, The fact that we are faced with an I have analyztd the bill carefully and or whether it favors or harms manage­ emergency which does justify the pas­ herewith submit my comments on the ment. I have considered it from the sage of temporary emergency legislation various sections: standpoint of whether or not it benefits does not, in my opinion, justify us in the Section 1: Declares that the objectives the public, which includes both manage­ adoption of permanent legislation with­ of the act are to encourage settlement of ment and labor. out the study that such permanent disputes between labor and management In the determination of the question legislation needs. The bill is actually a by collective bargaining and by concilia­ of whether or not the great majority of collection of separate unrelated meas­ tion, mediation, and voluntary arbitra­ our citizens will be benefited by this bill, ures and is not an over-all solution of tion, thereby minimizing industrial the question presented is whether it will this most important problem. We must strife, strikes, and lock-outs. help to stop strikes and work stoppages not make a false start. We must not ap­ Upon careful consideration, I have and prevent other practices which ad­ proach the problem on a piecemeal basis come to the conclusion that the bill will versely affect our economy. as this bill does. not achieve this high and unquestionably I have reached the conclusion that it It is suggested that the bill merely con­ desirable objective. On the contrary, will not. stitutes a beginning, that it should be much of the bill is not only wholly foreign I have tried, as representative of all placed upon our statute books, and that to the achievement of that objective, but, the people of our Nation, to approach we can then proceed with the study of in my judgment, would actually defeat it. this problem objectively, free from the additional legislation. I cannot agree Section 2: Defines certain key terms emotional strains of the times, and free with this thesis. This bill is not a perma­ used in the bill. from every consideration ex-cept the wel­ nent solution of our difficulties; and if it Section 3: Provides that employers and fare of our Nation and of the world should become law, I fear that it may employees in industries affecting com­ which is so dependent upon our recovery possibly result in being the only perma­ merce shall: exert reasonable efforts to to a full peacetime economy. nent legislation we would obtain. make and maintain, collective bargaining This bill was undoubtedly passed by We are not faced with a decision of agreements; give adequate notice of pro­ the members of the Co.ngress in the sin­ choosing between this legislation and no posed changes; provide for the final ad­ cere belief that it would remedy certain legislation at all. It is more properly a justment of grievances or questions re­ existing conditions which cause labor choice between this particular bill and a garding the interpretation of agree­ strife and produce domestic turmoil. I more adequate and more inclusive solu­ ments; arrange promptly for confer­ cannot agree with the Congress with ref­ tion of the problem. ences with respect to labor disputes and erence to the results that would be The proposed measure, although de­ cooperate with the new Federal Media­ achieved by it. scribed as a mediation law, is divided tion Board in attempting to settle dis­ I trust that there will be no confusion into two unrelated parts. The first six putes amicably. The Mediation Board in the minds of the members of the Con- . sections contain provisions relative to may proffer its services for the purpose gress or in the minds of the public be­ the mediation of labor disputes, post­ of aiding in the settlement of a labor dis­ tween this bill and my request on May ponement of strikes, and fact-finding. pute affecting commerce. 25 •for emergency legislation. The remaininG sections consist of provi­ If Federal mediation is proffered, lock­ At that time I requested temporary sions relative to robbery, extortion, un­ outs and strikes affecting commerce are legislation to be effective only for a pe­ authorized welfare funds, prohibitions unlawful until mediation is concluded or riod of 6 months after the termination of against the organization of supervisory until 60 days after a written request has hostilities, and applicable only to those employees, union liability in the courts, beeh made by one of the parties for a few industries which had been taken over and provisions establishing criminal conference, whichever is earlier. An em­ by the Government and in which the sanctions, injunctive remedies and suits ployer who changes the status quo by President by proclamation declared that for treble damages against unions en­ lock-out or other action is deemed to an emergency had arisen which affected gaging in secondary boycotts, judisdic-. have engaged in an unfair labor prac­ the entire economy of the country. tional disputes, and certain other activi­ tice within the meaning of the National It was limited to strikes against the ties. These are a few of the many com­ Labor Relations Act. An employee who Government. It did not apply to strikes plex problems which must be studied with disturbs the status quo during this pe­ against private employers. infinite care before the proper solutions riod, by striking or by engaging in a con­ Such emergency legislation is now be­ are found and incorporated into perma­ certed slow-down of production, loses his fore the Congress, and I again make the nent legislation. status as an employee for the purposes request that it be passed. One of the factors to be considered in of the National Labor Relations Act, un­ H. R. 4908 is utterly different from my judging this bill is whether or not it less he is reemployed. proposal of May 25, in kind and in de­ would have prevented, or shortened, the Although section 3 is ostensibly de­ gree. Its range is broad, dealing with a strikes which have so seriously damaged signed to insure that the parties will at­ wide variety of subjects some of which our economy these last few months. tempt to reach a peaceful settlement. are wholly unrelated to the subject of Judged solely from this standpoint, I am making a strike unnecessary, I feel that settling or preventing strikes. It covers sure a fair-minded man would have to it would, in practice, tend to increase the strikes against private employers. It is admit that it would have failed com­ number of strikes. I think it would lead permanent legislation, op~rative even pletelY. to the development of methods to avoid after the reconversion period is entirely In 1943, in the heat of a controversy the operation of this section. The bill over. And it applies not to a few selected over a stoppage of war production in the provides that the right to strike is post­ and vital industries, but to every dispute, coal mines, the Congress passed the War poned only if the Federal Mediation ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE .JUNE 11 Board proffers its .mediation services be­ Not one of the major disputes which by another .body not fully responsible to fore the strike starts. I foresee that some have caused such great public concern either. unions might choose to strike before the during the past months would have been As far back as September 6, 1945, I said Mediation Board has had an opportunity affected in any. way by this bill had it in a message to Congress: to determine whether it should enter been law at the time. Meanwhile plans for strengthening the into a certain case-an action not pro­ The railroad strike, would not have Department of Labor and bringing under it hibited in the proposed statute. Al­ been covered by the bill at all. And the functions belonging to it are going forward. though the purpose of the provision is coal, steel, and automotive strikes were to eliminate the so-called "quickie" certainly not caused by an insufficient The establishment of the proposed strike, its effect might be to encourage lapse of time between the unions' request Federal Mediation Board is a backward unions to resort to such strikes. for conferences and the calling of a step. If an employer violates the prohibi­ strike. Each of these strikes would have Section 5: Provides that it is the duty tions of this section, he is merely guilty had the full sanction of the bill. of the Mediation Board to prevent or of an unfair labor practice. He may only Thus the very difficulties which this minimize interruption of commerce be ordered by the National Labor Rela­ bill was presumably drafted to meet have growing ·out of labor disputes. The tions Board to cease and desist and to been left untouched by it. These sec­ Board may proffer .its services upon its pay any back pay due. An employee, on tions fail to provide a satisfactory meth­ own motion or upon the request of one the other hand, may suffer a far greater od of coping with the labor-management or more of the parties to the dispute. penalty. By section 3 (d), he loses his disputes which confront the Nation. Where mediation does not succeed, the very status as an employee. That means Section 4: This creates a new five-man Board is required to recommend volun­ that the employer, wi.thout offering any Federal Mediation Board. All mediation tary arbitration. further reason, may refuse to reinstate and conciliation functions of the Secre­ Section 6: Provides that where a labor him. The penalties are inequitable. An tary of Labor ·and the United States Con­ dispute threatens a substantial interrup­ employer guilty of a violation can only ciliation Service are transferred to the tion of an essential public-utility service, be ordered (long after the event) to stop Board. The Board, although technically the Board, in the public interest, may re­ his violation and to restore the status within the Department of Labor, would quest the President to create an Emer­ quo. The employee, however, loses his not be under the control of the Secretary gency Commission, · and the President is basic industrial rights and perhaps even of Labor. authorized to appoint such Commission. his means of livelihood. I fear that the I consider the establishment of this The Commission investigates and re­ provisions of section 3 (d) might well new agency to be inconsistent with the ports within 30 days, after which the result in some employers provoking principles of good administration. As I President must make the report public. strikes in order to give them the oppor­ have previously stated, it is my opinion The .cooling-off period is extended for a tunity to discharge the employee leaders. that Government today demands reor­ maximum period of 95 days, with an ad­ To avoid the consequences of section 3, ganization along the lines which the Con­ ditional 3P days upon the approval ·of and to legalize a strike under the bill, gress has set forth in the Reorganization the parties. a union need only give early notice of a Act of 1945, that is, the organization of Much of the discussion with reference request for a conference to start the run­ Government activity into the fewest to section 3 is applicable here. It is dif­ ning of the 60-day period during which numbet of Government agencies consist­ ficult to understand why the Congress strikes are forbidden. The result prob­ ent with efficiency. Control of purely ad­ has applied the fact-finding principle to ably would be a great rush of premature ministrative matters should be grouped public utilities but has omitted it en­ notices for conferences. Sixty days as much as possible tmder members of tirely in other industries of equal im­ thereafter, employees would feel free to the Cabinet, who are in turn responsible portance. strike-with the sanction· of the Con­ to the President. The remaining sections of the bill have gress. So, too, there would be premature The proposed Federal Mediation Bo:ard nothing whatever to do with the ex­ demands for mediation, long before the would have no quasi judicial or .quasi pressed obJectives of the bill. possibilities of direct negotiations be­ legislative functions. It would be purely Section 7: Reenacts in amended form tween the parties had been exhausted. an administrative agency. Surely, func­ ~he so-called Antiracketeering Act. On No standard whatever...:..except only _tions of this kind should be concentrated Its face, this section does no more than that the dispute should affect com­ in the Department of Labor. prohibit all persons, whether union merce-is provided for determining Since 1913 there has been within the representatives or employees or others whether the Federal Mediation Board Department of Labor ·and responsible to from interfering with interstate com~ should proffer its services, although a the Secretary of Labor a United States· merce by robbery and extortion. strike can become illegal only if it occurs Conciliation Service formed with the very I am in full accord with the objectives after such offer. It is apparently left purpose of encouraging the settlement of which the Congress here had in mind. to the Board's discretion. This places a labor disputes through mediation, con­ heavy burden and extraordinary respon­ ciliation, and other good offices. The rec­ However, it has already been suggested sibility upon Federal mediation. Because ord of that service has been outstanding. that some question may arise from the of the serious consequences arising from During the period of 1 year from May fact that section 7 omits from the origi­ the proffering of mediation services-· 1945, through April 1946, it settled unqer nal act the provision that it was not to namely, the outlawing of a strike-me­ existing law 19,930 labor disputes. In­ be construed so as to "impair diminish diation is likt.:!ly to be discouraged and cluded in this total were 3,152 strikes, or in any manner affect th~ rights of withheld in many cases where it might almost 10 each day. The Conciliation bona ?de labor organizations in lawfully - prove most useful. It is highly undesir­ Service has formed one of the principal carrymg out the legitimate objects able for the mere fact of mediation to divisions of the Department of Labor. thereof.'' operate so repressively upon one of the The bill proposes to transfer that It should be made clear in express parties. Mediation should be welcomed service and its functions to the newly terms that section 7 does not make it a by both parties to be effective. This pro:. formed Federal Mediation Board. To me felony to strike and picket peacefully, vision would have just the contrary ef­ this is the equivalent of creating a sep­ and to take other legitimate and peace­ fect. arate and duplicate Department of Labor, ful concerted action. And, under section 3, even if mediation depriving the Secretary of Labor of many Section 8: Provides th~t it is a crfme is proffered, and the 60-day period ex­ of his principal responsibilities and plac­ for an employer to contribute to a wel­ pires without results, nothing happens. ing the conciliation and mediation func­ fare fund to be administered solely by No facts are publicly found; no recom­ tions in an independent body. an employee representative. It is also a mendations are made; no report is issued. In the eyes of Congress and of the pub­ crime for the employee representative No matter how important the dispute­ lic the President and the Secretary of La­ to receive the contribution. Welfare whether in the steel, the automotive, or bor would remain responsible for the ex­ funds established by employee represent­ the shipping industry, so long as it is not ercise of mediation and conciliation atives are to be restricted to certain spe­ a public utility-at the end of the 60 functions in labor· disputes, while, in cific uses. The prohibitions of the sec­ days, ther€ is the anticlimax of nothing. fact, those functions would be conducted tion are -made enforceable by injunc- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6677 tions. Certain routine exemptions to the ther than that. This section, taken in the dangers of attempting to draft per­ operation of the section are made. conjunction with the next section, largely manent labor legislation without pains­ Welfare funds supported by employers repeals the Norris-LaGuardia Act and. taking and exhaustive consideration. and administered by unions are no nov­ changes a long-established congressional H. R. 4908 strikes at symptoms and elty. I believe it is inadvisable to remove policy. · ignores underlying causes. As I have such a question as this from the scope I am sure that, without repealing the noted, not a single one of the recent of collective bargaining between employ­ Norris-LaGuardia Act, changing this major . strikes , would have been affected er and employee. This section does more long -estabHshed congressional policy, or by this bill had it been law. than require that there be joint control imperiling the principles of the National As I said to the Congress on May 25, of such funds. It specifically limits the Labor Relations Act, a sound and effective we should immediat,ely have 'temporary uses to which the moneys deposited in means of enforcing labor's responsibility legislation, dealing with the urgencies of such funds may be put. · can be found. the present, so that strikes against the This whole subject needs long · and Section 11: This provision subjects Government which vitally affect the pub­ careful studyc To write into the perma­ various union activities to the antitrust lic welfare can be halted. This is neces­ nent law the program for workers' wel­ laws with all their criminal sanctions, in­ sary in the midst of the extraordinary fare funds without a study by any com­ junctive remedies,_ and provisions for pressures of reconversion ana inflation. mittee of the Congress is. in my opinion, treble damages. Although the section is · I have a'sked the Congress for such legis­ at least improvident. This particular entitled "Secondary boycotts," the scope lation. The precise form which such provision was prepared and presented be­ of the section in fact extends far beyond emergency legislation is _to take is, of cause of one of the items of controversy such matters. While its enactment course, for the Congress to decide. But in the recent coal strike. I feel that this would provide remedies that might result if the form adopted is inadequate, the is altogether too important and too com­ in the elimination of certain evils, such responsibility must also rest with the plicated a question to be disposed of as improper application of the secondary Congress. hastily. boycott, it would also make those reme­ It must be remembered that industrial Section 9: This provision deprives su­ dies available against recognized legiti­ strife is a symptom of basic economic pervisory employees of their status as em­ mate activities of organized labor. maladjustments. We cannot attribute ployees for the purposes of the National That there are some abuses in this work stoppages to any one factor. As Labor Relations Act. :field, no one can gainsay. I deplore the we move from war to peace, severe strains This section would strip from super­ strike or boycott arising out of a jurisdic­ are placed upon our economic system. visory employees the rights of self-or­ tional dispute as one of the most serious Labor and management alike are seek­ ganization and collective bargaining now of such abuses. A way must be found to ing security. The combination of rising guaranteed them under the National prevent the jurisdictional strike. It can­ prices, scarcity of commodities, lowered Labor Relations Act. I fear that this ·not be justified under any circumstances. standards of living, and altered tax pro­ section would increase labor strife, since I am convinced, however, that the anti­ grams today creates fears which are I have no doubt that supervisory em­ trust laws, the objectives of which are present at the conference table to dis­ ployees would resort to self-help to gain the elimination of unfair business prac­ turb the orderly process of collective the rights now given to them by law. tices and the protection of free competi­ bargaining. This complex question has long been tion, are not designed to solve the abuses A solution of labor-management diffi­ under consideration by the National pointed out in this section. culties therefore is to be found not alone Labor Relations Board. The Board arid In this regard, however, I do not ne~d in well-considered legislation dealing the courts have pointed out that super­ to emphasize the necessity of applying directly with industrial relations, bt\t visory employees have a dual capacity. the antitrust laws to combinations be­ also in a comprehensive legislative pro­ In dealing with the employees under tween employers and labor designed to gram designed to remove some of the them, they act for management. How­ restrain competition. causes of the insecurity felt by many. ever, with respect to their own wages, Section 11 (c) rescinds the Norris­ workers and employers. hours of work, and other terms and con­ LaGuardia Act with respect to anti­ During the past 10 months I have urged ditions of employment, they act for them­ trust actions against labor organizations. the Congress to enact such a program. selves. The full right of supervisory The labor injunction is a weapon to Among the proposals which I have employees to the benefits of collective which no private employer should be en­ recommended are adequate insurance bargaining is one that cannot be lightly titled except within the careful restric­ against unemployment, health, and medi­ thrown aside. tions laid down by that act. We should cal services for families of low and mod­ On the other hand, management is en- · not invite the return to the practice of erate income at costs they can afford; a titled to proper protection. Somewhere issuing injunctions without notice or fair minimum wage, and the continuance in the area of disagreement between the hearing and a revival of the other abuses of the price control and stabilization parties the line can be drawn with rea­ that tended to discredit our courts and laws in effective form. These measures sonable accuracy. There has been no give rise to the widespread popular de­ would remove some of the major causes attempt to draw that line in this section. nunciation of "government by injunc­ of insecurity and would greatly aid in Section 10 provides that suits for viola­ tion." achieving industrial peace. tion of collective bargaining contracts Injunctions requested by the Govern­ Our problem in shaping permanent affecting commerce may be brought in ment itself, and designed to restrain legislation in this field is to probe for the Federal courts; labor organizations strikes against the Government in cases the causes of lock-outs, strikes, and in­ are deemed to be bound by the acts of where refusal to work for the Govern­ dustrial disturbances. Then, to the ex­ duly authorized agents acting within the ment has produced a condition of na­ tent possible, we must eliminate these scope of their authority and may sue or tional emergency, are, to my mind, ari es­ causes. Strikes against private em­ be sued as a separate entity; money judg­ sential element of government authority. ployers cannot be ended by legislative ments against a labor organization are This authority, however, should not be decree. Men cannot be forced in a peace­ made enforceable but only against assets available to private employers under the time democracy to work for a private em­ of the union; any employee who strikes vast variety of conditions contemplated ployer under compulsion. Therefore, or otherwise interferes with the perform­ by section 11 of this present bill. strikes must be considered in the whole ance of a collective bargaining contract Sections 12 to 14: These sections in­ context of our modern industrial society. in violation of the contract without ap­ clude provisions with respect to making They must be considered in the light of proval of the labor organization party to copies of collective-bargaining agree­ iri:fiationary pressures, of problems of full the contract loses his status as an em­ ments available to the public and with employment, of economic security. ployee for the purposes of the National respect to furnishing available data Legislation governing industrial rela­ Labor Relations Act unless he is reem­ which may aid in the settlement of labor tions is workable only when carefully ployed. disputes. They are unobjectionable. considered against this broad back­ I am in accord with the principle that The passage of H. R. 4908 confirms the ground. I am confident that with pains­ it is fair and right to hold a labor .union need for a careful study of labor-man­ taking and dispassionate study which responsible for a violation of its contract. agement problems with a view toward will probe fairly and deeply, Congress However, this legislation goes much far- long-range remedies. It demonstrates can evolve equitable legislation which '6678 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 promises an era of peaceful industrial Fellows Judd Rizley Sparkman Thomas, Tex. Wasielewski Fernandez. Kean. Robertson,·· Spence Torrens Wolverton,N. J. ·relations. Fisher Kearney N. Dak. Starkey Traynor Woodhouse · We accomplish nothing by striking at· Fuller Keefe Robertson, Va. Sullivan Voorhis, Calif. -labor here and at management there. Gamble Kerr Robsion, Ky. Thorn Walter Gary Kilburn Rockwell Affirmative policy is called for, and a con­ Gathings. Kilday Rodgers, Pa. NOT VOTING--41 gressional committee such as I have sug­ Gavin Kinzer Roe,Md. Andrews, N. Y. Grant, Ind. O'Konski gested is the best means of formulating it. Gerlach Knutson Rogers, Fla. Brumbaugh Hagen Peterson·, Fla. Gibson Kunkel Rogers, Mass. Carlson Harris Reece, Tenn. There should be no emphasis placed Gifford Landis Russell Cochran Horan Richards upon considerations of whether a bill is Gillespie Lanham Sasscer Colmer Johnson, Ind. Robinson, Utah antilabor ·or prolabor. Where excesses Gillette Larcade Schwabe, Mo. Courtney Johnson, Roe,N. Y. Gillie Latham Schwabe, Okla. Crawford Luther A. Sheppard have developed on the part of labor Goodwin Lea Scrivner Curley Lewis Stewart leaders or management, such excesses Gore LeCompte Shafer Durham Ludlow Stigler should be corrected-not in order to in­ Gossett LeFevre Sharp Ellsworth McGehee Tolan jure either party-but to bring about as Graham McConnell Short Fenton McGregor Welch Grant, Ala. McCowan Sikes · Folger Morrison White great an equality as possible between Gregory McKenzie Simpson, Ill. Gearhart Norton Winstead the bargaining positions of labor and Griffiths McMillan, S. C. Simpson, Pa. Granger O'Hara Wolfenden, Pa. management. Neither should be per­ Gross McMillen, Ill. Slaughter Gwinn, N. Y. Mahon Smith, Ohio So, two-thirds not having voted in mitted to become too powerful as against Gwynne, Iowa Maloney Smith, Va. favor thereof, the veto of the President the public interest as a whole. Hale Manasco Smith, Wis. was sustained and the bill was rejected. Equality for both and vigilance for the Hall, Mansfield, Tex. Springer Leonard W. Martin, Iowa Stefan The Clerk announced the following public welfare-these should be the · Halleck Martin, Mass. Stevenson pairs: watchwords of future legislation. Hancock Mason Stockman The bill which I am returning to you Hand Mathews Sumner. Ill. Mr. McGregor and Mr. Grant oi Indiana Hare May Sumners, Tex. override, Mr. Welch sustain. does not meet these standards. Harness, Ind. Merrow Sundstrom Mr. Ellsworth and Mr. Carlson override, Mr. Many procedures have been suggested Hartley Michener Taber Roe of New York sustain. from time to time by students of the Hays Miller. Nebr. Talbot Mr. Colmer and Mr. McGehee override, Mrs. Hebert Mills Talle problem. They should all be considered. Hendricks Monroney Tarver Nor ton sustain. .A comprehensive study of this· problem Henry Mundt Taylor Mr. Stigler and Mr. O'Hara override, Mr. should be based on a realization that Herter Murray, Tenn. Thomas, N. J. Curley "Ustain. Heselton Murray, Wis. Thomason labor is now rapidly "coming of age" and Hess Norblad Tibbett Additional general pairs: that it should take its place before the Hill Norrell Towe Mr. Sheppard with Mr. Crawford. bar of public opinion on an equality with Hinshaw Pace Trimble Mr. Courtney with Mr. Andrews of New management. Hobbs Patman Vinson Hoeven Peterson, Ga. Vorys, Ohio York. It is always with reluctance that I re­ Hoffman, Mich. Phillips VurEell Mr. Winstead wlth Mr. Horan. turn a bill to the Congress without my Hoffman, Pa. Pickett Wadsworth Mr. Folger with Mr. Fenton. approval. I feel, however, that I would Holmes, Mass. Pittenger Weaver Mr. Robertson of Utah with Mr. Gearhart. not be properly discharging the duties of H:>lmes, Wash. Ploeser Weichel Mr. Tolan with Mr. Hagen. Hope Plumley West Mr. Morrison with Mr. Johnson of Indiana. my office if I were to approve H. R. 4908. Howell Poage Whitten HARRY S. TRUMAN. Jarman Pratt Whittington Mr. Harris with Mr. Reece of Tennessee. Jenkins Price, Fla. Wickersham Mr. Richards with Mr. Wolfenden of Penn- · THE WHITE HOUSE, June 11, 1946. Jennings Priest Wigglesworth sylvania. Jensen Ramey Wilson Mr. Luther A. Johnson with Mr. Lewis. 'The SPEAKER. The objections of the Johnson, Calif. Rankin Winter Mr: Cochran with Mr. O'Konski. President will be spread at large upon Johnson, Ill. Reed, Ill. Wolcott Johnson, Reed, N.Y. Wood Mr. BREHM changed his vote from the Journal. Lyndon B'. Rees, Kans. Woodruff : Mr: RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, the Johnson, Okla. Rich Worley "nay" to "aye." membershjp has a duty to discharge. Jones Riley Zimmerman The result of the vote was announced Further debate would not aid that deci­ · Jonkman Rivers as above recorded. sion. I move the previous question. NAY8-135 The SPEAKER. The message and the The previous question was ordered. Angell Flood Lynch bill, together with tl~e accompanying The SPEAKER. The question is, Will Bailey Fogarty McCormack papers, are referred to the Committee on Baldwin, N.Y. Forand McDonough Labor and ordered printed as a public the House, on reconsideration, pass the Barrett, Pa. Fulton McGlinchey bill, the objections of the President to the Barry Gallagher Madden document. contrary notwithstanding? Bates, Ky. Gardner Mankin The Clerk will notify the Senate of the Beall Geelan Mansfield, action of the House. Under the Constitution, this vote must Bell Gordon Mont. be determined by the yeas and nays. Beimiller Gorski Marcantonio UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN PHIL­ The question was taken; and there Bishop Granahan Miller. Calif. IPPINE INDEPENDENCE CEREMONIES, Bloom Green Morgan were-yeas 255, nays 135, not voting 41, Bradley, Pa. Hall, Murdock JULY 4, 1946 as follows: Buckley Edwin Arthur Murphy Mr. McCORNfACK. Mr. . Speaker, I [Roll No. 154] Bunker liar!ess, Ariz. Neely Butler Hart O'Brien. Ill. ask unanimous consent to take from the YEA8-255 Byrne, N.Y. Havenner . O'Brien, Mich. Speaker's table House Joint Resolution Abernethy Boren Cole, Kans . . Canfield Healy O'Neal 360, to· provide for United States par­ Adams Boykin Cole, Mo. Cannon, Mo. Hedrick O'Toole ticipation in the Philippine independence Allen, Ill. Bradley, Mich. Cole, N.Y. Carnahan Heffernan Outland Allen. La. Brehm Cooper Celler Hoch Patrick ceremonies on July 4, 1946, with Senate Almond Brooks Corbett Clements Holifield Patterson amendments and concur in the Senate Andersen, Brown, Ga. Cox Coffee . Hook Pfeifer amendments. H. Carl Brown, Ohio Cravens Comos Huber Philbin Anderson, Calif. Bryson Cunningham Cooley Hull Powell The Clerk read the title of the joint Andresen, Buck Curtis Crosser Izac Price, Ill. resolution. August H. Buffett Daughton, Va. D'Alesandro Jackson Quinn, N. Y. The Clerk read the Senate amend­ Andrews. Ala. Bulwinkle D'Ewart Davis Kee Rabaut Arends Byrnes, Wis. Dirksen Dawson Kefauver Rabin ments, as follows: · Arnold Camp Dolliver De Lacy Kelley, Pa. Rains Page 1, line 4, strike out "nine" and insert Auchincloss Campbell Domengeaux Delaney, · Kelly, Ill. Randolph James J. Keogh Rayfiel "not more than fifteen." Baldwin, Md. Cannon, Fla. Dondero Page 1, line 4, strike out "Three" and in­ Barden Case, N. J. Daughton, N.C. Delaney, King Resa Barrett, Wyo. Case. S. Dak. Drewry JohnJ. Kirwan Rogers, N. Y. sert "Not more than three." Bates. Mass. Chapman Dworshak Dingell Klein Rooney Page 1, line 6, strike out "three" and in­ Beckworth Chelf Earthman Douglas, Calif. Kopplemann Rowan se~ · t "not more than six." Bender Chenoweth Eaton Douglas, Ill. LaFollette Ryter Page 1. line 8, strike out "three" and in­ Bennet, N. Y. Chiperfield Elliott Doyle Lane Sabath sert "not more than six." Bennett, Mo. Church Ellis Eberharter Lemke Sadowski Blackney Clark Elsaesser Engel, Mich. Lesinski Savage The SPEAKER: Is there objection to Bland Clason Elston Engle, Calif. Link Sheridan Bolton Clevenger Ervin Feighan Luce Smith, Maine the request of the gentleman from Bonner Clippinger Fallon Flannagan Lyle Somers. N.Y. Massachusetts? 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6679

Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. ence and familiarity with the subj~cts year 1946, despite the fact there has been Speaker, reserving the right to object, involved it is a pleasure to say they have a decided increase in the work load of the as I caught the reading of the amend­ been of great service to the chairman agency. It may be of interest to note ments, they merely increase the size of of the committee in an effort to properly further that the appropriation for the the representation that we will have at evaluate the services of the different beginning of the fiscal year 1943 as it the Filipino birthday? agencies and the justifications support­ passed both Houses carried, in round Mr. McCORMACK. That is correct. ing them. Of course, I am greatly in­ numbers, $1,261,000,000, or a decrease of As the gentleman will remember, we debted to Judge TARVER of Georgia, ·for $141,000,000 as compared with the ap­ passed the resolution providing for three his highly valued service and assistance. propriation of the previous year. and the Senate increased that number He has been a member of this committee In 1944 the appropriation was $1,200,- to six. for a number of years. In fact, he has 000,000, or $61,000,000 less than the ap­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. That served on this particular committee sev­ propriation for 1943. The appropriation is the only change? eral years longer than your chairman for the fiscal year beginning in 1945 was Mr. McCORMACK. That is the only and the interest manifested and shown $1,135,000,000, or a decrease of $65,000,- change. by him is deeply appreciated and it is im­ 000 as compared with the previous year. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to possible to estimate the increasing value The amount provided for in the fiscal the request of the gentleman from Mas­ to the committee and to the Congress year 1946 and carried in the bill as it sachusetts? due to his number of years of service passed the House was $1,086,000,000 in There was no objection. and studious application to the many ac­ round numbers, or $49,000,000 less th'an The Senate amendments were con­ tivities involved and provided for in this the appropriation for 1945. You can un­ cm·red in. bill. He is not only deeply interested in derstand, therefore, why this committee A motion to reconsider was laid on the many activities provided for by the has not been able to make as drastic re­ the table. Subcommittee on Agriculture; of which duction as some might think should fol­ DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, FEDERAL SECU­ he is chairman, but he has always mani­ follow the cessation of hostilities. The RITY AGENCY, AND RELATED INDE­ fested a deep concern as a member of reason is clear, we have been making such PENDENT OFFICES APPROPRIATION this subcommittee in the various activ- - reductions for the past 5 years. It should BILL, FISCAL YEAR 1947 ities and services being rendered the be observed further that this bill carries country by the Department of Labor·and with it appropriations for · activities not Mr. HARE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Federal Security Agency. On the heretofore carried. I refer to the ~a­ the House resolve itself into Committee majority side we have two new members tiona! Wage Stabilization Board, the Re­ of the Whole House on the State of the of the committee this year, Mr. RooNEY training and Reemployment Administra­ Union for the consideration of the bill of New York, and Mr. NEELY of West Vir­ tion, and other activities that heretofore (H. R. 6739) making appropriations for ginia, and I wish to express to them per­ appropriations were obtained through the Department of Labor, the Federal sonally my sincere appreciation of their other committees. Security Agency, and related. independ­ hearty and sympathetic cooperation and The estimates submitted this past year ent agencies, for the fiscal year ending express the hope they may find the work were made and presented upon the theory June 30, 1947, and for other purposes; sufficiently interesting as to command that both the war in Eutope and the Pa­ and pending that motion, Mr. Speaker, I their continued cooperation for many cific would continue through the fiscal ask unanimous consent that general de­ years to come. year 1946, but it will be recalled that the bate continue not to exceed the balance -The bill carries upward of 100 appro­ committee in marking up the bill pro­ of the afternoon, the time to be equally priation items and the committe gave ceeded upon the theory that the war in divided between the gentleman from 8 weeks to hearing and considering the Europe would be over by July 1, 1945. Michigan [Mr. ENGEL] and myself, that justifications, There are a number of Consequently, the bill this past fiscal debate be confined to the bill, and that items that do not have the full and com­ year did not carry appropriations that at the conclusion of debate the Clerk be­ plete endorsement of each member of could now be eliminated because· of the gin to read the bill for amendment. the committee, but the amounts here cessation of hostilities. However, there The SPEAKER. Is there objection to recommended reflect the cooperative and are a few wartime activities that have the request of the gentleman from South combined judgment of the· entire mem­ been eliminated in the meantime, but it Carolina? bership with possibly two or three ex­ must be remembered there are some ac­ There was no objection. ceptions. tivities that were reduced during the war The SPEAKER. The question is on An examination of the hearings that are now reassuming normal propor­ the motion offered by the gentleman amounting to approximately 1,400 pages tions. from South Carolina. of printed matter will indicate the extent The amount carried in this bill for the The motion was agreed to. to which the committee endeavored to present fiscal year 1946 plus the amount Accordingly the House resolved itself obtain all the facts supporting the justi­ transferred to the Department, includ­ into· the Committee ·of the Whole House fications and the exeTcise of its best ing any deficiency appropriations ob­ on the State of the Union for the con­ judgment in reaching a proper determi­ tained amounted to $1,202,631,586. The sideration of the bill H. R. 6739, with Mr. nation of all matters before it for con­ amount carried in the bill for fiscal year THOMASON in the chair. sideration. A reduction in the appro­ 1947 totals $1,131,403,126, or $71,228,460 The clerk read the title of the bill. priation for some of the items may seem less than the appropriation for the fiscal By unanimous consent, the first read­ rather drastic. On the other hand, it year 1946, and $41,019,774 less than the ing of the bill was dispensed with. may appear that some item1: could have budget estimate for 1947. Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ been reduced to a greater extent, but I DEPARTMENT OF LABOR self 30 minutes. think it is fair to say at this time that Mr. Chairman, before proceeding with this is one bill where the committee has The amount available in the Depart­ the discussion of the many provisions been making some rather drastic reduc­ ment of Labor for the fiscal year 1946 was in this bill I want to express to my col­ tions for a number of years, but I hope $162,736,932. The amount provided for · leagues on the committee who heard and they have not been sufficient to reduce the fiscal year 1947 is $129,181,702, or a considered the justification for these ap­ the efficiency of any of the activities pro­ decrease of $33,555,230. We will not be propriations my sincere and deep appre­ vided for. I think it is fair to say fur­ able to go into great detail as to the ciation for their highly valued aid and ther that in several instances we have various items, but we shall be glad to cooperative assistance in every way. We found where pronounced reductions in break this down into the principal activ­ were fortunate in having the same appropriations have been offset by in­ ities in the Department. minority members we had last year; creased efficiency on the part of those OFFICE OF_ THE SECRETARY namely Mr. ENGEL of Michigan, Mr. directing the activities. If I recall cor­ The Office of the Secretary administers KEEFE of Wisconsin, and Mr. H. CARL rectly, the Chairman, Dr. Altmeyer, of the activities of all the bureaus in the ANDERSEN of Minnesota. These gentle­ the Social Security Board, testified that Department by approving labor policies men have served on the committee for the personnel of this agency has been and coordinating their operations. This several years, particularly Mr. ENGEL, reduced from upward of over 2,000 in · office also provides central machinery for and by reason of their interest, experi- 1942 to approximately 1,500 for the fiscal the performance of over-all management, 6680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 functions, which include central budget­ jurisdiction over all labor disputes in­ mittee, having had under consideration ing and financial controls, personnel ad­ volving railroad employees, the Concilia­ the bill H. R. 6739, and finding itself ministration, procurement, general serv­ tion Service is the sole agency of the without a quorum, he had diz:ected the ice facilities, and so forth. The amount Government in this field of work at the roll to be called, when 335 Members re­ requested for 1947 was $982,000 and the present time. The committee has always sponded to their names, a quorum, and amount carried in the bill is $862,000, or been very kindly disposed to this particu­ he submitted the names of the absentees a decrease of $120,000. The request for lar activity, but we feel that without be­ to be spread upon the Journal. 28 new positions involving a total of ing specifically critical this agency has . The SPEAKER. The Committee will $115,406 has not been recommended. failed to meet the objective contemplated resume its sitting. The committee felt that operating ex­ by the Congress. Instead of reducing . Accordingly the House resolved itself penses of administering the enlarged the numbet. of labor dispute~ or increas­ into the Committee of the Whole House functions of the Department sufficient ing the harmonious labor-management on the State of the Union for the con­ economies may be made to offset any ad­ relationships in industry we find there sideration of the bill H. R. 6739, with ditional work due to the transfer of the has been increased discord and an in­ Mr. THOMASON in the chair. National Wage Stabilization Board and creased number of labor disputes despite Mr. HARE. The next item is: the Reemployment and Retraining Serv­ the efforts of the Conciliation Service. I APPRENTICE TRAINING SERVICE ice to this department. think it is fair to say this cannot be at­ This Service brings together employers tributed to any lack of ability or ineffi­ OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR and labor for the formation of programs ciency on the part of those charged with The Solicitor serves as a legal adviser for apprenticeship. It formulates and the responsibility of the Service. I think promotes standards· necessary to safe­ to the Secretary of Labor and other offi­ it is due largely to the · failure of the cials of the Department; he is also Congress to properly evaluate many guard the welfare of apprentices and co­ charged with the responsibility of an­ human equations that would have to be operates with State agencies engaged in alyzing legislation which pertains or re­ met and considered by this agency, and the formation and promotion of stand­ lates to the interest of the Depart­ while I have always been a devoted and ards of apprenticeship and the further ment. The Budget Bureau estimate was loyal friend to this Service and I still have development of such State activities. $1,034,000 for salaries and expenses in confidence in the objective, I am con­ The amount estimated for this Service this agency, but the committee recom­ vinced that the formula heretofore used for 1947 by the Budget Bureau was mends only $925,000, or a decrease of in its operations will have to be changed $1,832,000 and the amount recommended $109,000. The committee has not ap­ in some way before we can expect to by the committee is $1,800,000, or a de­ proved the request for an increase of 23 reach the objective contemplated by the crease of $32,000. new positions, but has approved the 234 Congress. The Budget estimate for 1947 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS positions allowed in the 1946 appropria­ was $2,363,500 and the amount recom­ This Bureau performs statistical and tion, together with 28 positions from mended by the committee is $2,300,000, research work in the field of general labor other agencies recently transferred to the or a decrease of $63,500. It should be economics, employment statistics, pro­ Department. · noted however, that the amount recom­ ductivity and technological development. DIVISION OF LABOR STANDARDS mended is $271,339 above the base for occupational outlook, prices and cost of The functions· of this division are to 1947 and it will provide for 32 additional living, the gathering of wage data, com­ develop desirable labor standards for in­ positions or inspectors in the Concilia­ piling of information on industrial rela­ dustrial practices, to promote uniformity tion Service. tions and statistical information on in­ in labor law administration, to make Mr. WOODRUFF. Mr. Chairman,· I dustrial hazards. Its vast resource of in­ specific recommendations of methods and make the point of order that a quorum formation is used by labor, management, measures to improve industrial relation­ is not present. State officials, Members of Congress, pri­ ships of the working conditions of wage The CHAm,MAN. Evidently" a quorum vate citizens and individual firms. The earners, and to make available to in­ is not present. work of this Bureau has undoubtedly in­ terested persons existing resources of the The Clerk will call the roll. creased to a considerable extent in recent Department of Labor and pertinent ma­ The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ years, but the appropriation has grown terial obtained from public or private lowing Members failed to answer to their by leaps and bounds in the last few years. sources. The Budget estimate for this names: This is accounted for in a large measure division was $283,800, the amount recom­ [Roll No. 155] through the demand of numerous war mended for 1947 was $215,000, or a de­ Adams Fulton Outland agencies and war activities for statistical crease of $68,800. The committee was Andresen, Gearhart Pace data for use in planning various and sun­ apparently impressed with an item of August H. Gillespie Patman dry types of programs. The Bureau sub­ Andrews, N.Y. Granger Patrick $34,696 to provide for a labor education Arends Grant, Ala. Peterson, Fla. mitted a special item of $620,400 to be standards program. However, there Baldwin, Md. Grant, Ind. Powell used in obtaining certain statistical data seems to be some difference of opinion Barry Griffiths Randolph said to be necessary in connection with Bates, Ky. Harris Reece, Tenn. between the promoters of this proposal. Bland Hart Reed, N.Y. the proposed housing program. The total Some witnesses testified that it was for Bolton Hartley Richards Budget estimate for the next fiscal year the purpose of preparing and distributing Boykin Heselton Robinson, Utah was $5,427,000; the amount approved by Brumbaugh Horan Roe, N.Y. bulletins of information to be used by Buffett Jarman Sabath the committee was $4,787,000, or a ae­ schools, colleges, labor groups and other Bunker Johnson, Ind. Schwabe, Okla. crease of $640,000. agencies; whereas, others felt it would Cannon, Fla. Johnson, Shafer THE CHILDREN'S BUREAU consist of a kind of extension service cor­ Carlson Luther A. Sheppard Celler Kee Simpson, Pa. The chief responsibility of the Chil­ responding to that carried on by the De­ Clark Lea Slaughter dren's Bureau is to investigate and re­ partment of Agriculture. The committee Cochran LeCompte Stewart port upon all matters pertaining to the felt inclined to approve the item, but it Colmer Lemke Stigler courtney Lesinski Sumners, Tex. welfare of children and child life. It is is thought if this item is to be enlarged crawford Ludlow Thomas, Tex. also charged with administering the and is to become an extension service Curley Lyle Tolan child-labor provisions of the Fair Labor comparable in any way to that carried on Dawson McDonough Torrens Domengeaux McGehee Vursell Standards Act and to administer the ma­ by the Department of Agriculture addi­ Durham McGregor Wasielewski ternal and child-welfare provisions of tional legislation will be required. Eberharter McKenzie Welch parts 1, 2, and 3 of title V of the Social Ellsworth Morrison White CONCILIATION SERVICE Fenton Norton Winstead Security Act. Its work breaks into four The objective of the Conciliation Serv­ Fisher O'Hara Wolcott major functions: First, the maintenance ice is to promote and establish harmoni­ Flannagan O'Konskl Wolfenden, Pa. of fact-finding, advisory, and reporting ous labor-management relationships in Folger O'Neal Woodhouse services pursuant to the act establishing industry through the settlement of labor Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Bureau; second, child-labor admin­ disputes. It is alleged that its responsi­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, istration under the Fair Labor Standards bilities are particularly heavy at this time Mr. THOMASON, Chairman of the Com­ Act; third, the administration of grants for the reason that with the exception of mittee of the Whole House on the State to States for maternal and child welfare tp.e National Mediation Board, which has of the Union, reported tha~ that Com- under title V of the Social Security Act; 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6681 and fourth, the administration of grants ticeship training service and the retrain­ for making· payments to the several to States for maternity and infant care ing and reemployment service? States beginning October 7, 1946, in ac­ for the wives and infants of servicemen Mr. HARE. The apprenticeship train­ cordance with the provisions of the act in the lowest four pay grades. -The ing service is an old service provided for of June 6, 1933, as amended, to January amount recommended by the Budget for by act of Congress. It was originally 1, 1942-Twenty-ninth United States salaries and expenses is $447,500, which placed in the Department of Labor and Code 49-491-and for carrying into ef­ represents an increase of $53,705 over the was there for a number of years until fect section 602 of the Servicemen's Re­ 1947 base and is to be used in making the war came on. Then it was placed in adjustment Act of 1944. This service studies of juvenile delinquency and stud­ the War Manpower Commission and was has much to contribute toward a return ies of employment opportunities and carried on by that agency until the lat­ to normal employment conditions and controls for inexperienced young people. ter part of last year, when it was trans­ production, and the testimony before The Budget estimate for salaries and ferred by Executive order back to the the committee revealed that the demands expenses under the Fair Labor Standards Labor Department. It is now an agency for service upon the local employment Act was $298,600 and the amount recom­ of the Department of Labor. Its pur­ offices by both employee and employer mended by the committee was $256,309, pose is to prepare sta~dards of appren­ is the greatest in its history. or a decrease of $42,291. ticeship for the several States, because WOMEN'S BUREAU The amount recommended by the the apprenticeship program is a State The committee was impressed with Budget for maternal and child welfare program; it operates under State law; certain features of the work carried on was $516,800 and the amount recom­ and this agency provides for uniformity by this Bureau and, therefore, approved mended by the committee is $438,535, or in establishing a standard for what would the Budget estimate of $234,000 for the a decrease of $78 ,265. be known as a standard for a particular fiscal year 1947, which represents an in- The Budget estimate of grants to position or type of work. . crease of $32,100, which will provide for States for emergency maternity and in­ Mr. VOORHIS of Californ:a. I am 10 new positions, together with $1,579 fant care was $17,593,000 and the amount glad the committee has allowed prac­ for automatic promotions under the recommended by the committee is tically the Budget estimate for this item, Mead-Ramspeck Act. The committee $16,664,000 , or a decrease of $929,000. for it seems to me that both from the has increased the appropriation for this We might say that the Budget sub­ point of view of training workers for the Bureau for printing and binding by mitted a supplemental item which pro­ construction program we have on and $1 ,000 to enable it to print and distrib­ vided for the Children's Bureau to con­ also from the more iJDportant point of ute a list of bulletins which might be of duct a study of the experience gained in view of trying to open opportunities for assistance to women workers and avail­ the administration of the Emergency veterans that this work is one of the able at the Government Printing Office. most important that is · being done by Maternity and Infant Care Program, WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION which the committee has not allowed any governmental aJgency. This Division is responsible for the and which accounts for the total deduc­ UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE administration of the Fair Labor Stand­ tion in this item. The number of infant Mr. HARE. The United States Em­ ards Act and the Walsh-Healey Public care cases handled through January of ployment Service assists in the develop­ the fiscal year 1946 was 1,125,814. Contracts Act. Both acts deal with the ment and coordination of a Nation-wide establishment of wage-and-hour stand­ RETRAINING AND REEMPLOYMENT system of public employment offices for ards for employees. The Fair Labor ADMINISTRATION men, women, and juniors, establishes op­ Standards Act covers employees engaged The objective of the Retraining and erating standards and procedures, and in interstate commerce or in producing Reemployment Administration, author­ promotes uniformity in the· operation of goods for interstate commerce and re­ . ized in title III of the War Mobilization the employment service; maintains a quires that a minimum wage, and time­ and Reconversion Act of 1944, is to effect program for clearance of labor between and-a-half for hours worked in excess coordination during the reconversion the States; and provides an adequate and of 40, be paid. The Walsh-Healey Act period among the activities of those effective job placement and counseling requires Federal Government supply agencies of the Government charged with service for veterans. contracts to contain certain maximum the functions of retraining, reemploy­ The Budget estimate was $5,132,000 and minimum wage, child labor, safety, ment, vocational education, and voca­ and the committee recommended $6,394,- and health stipulations. tional rehabilitation. The legislation for 600. In recommending the total of The Budget estimate is $4,623,000 and this activity expires June 30, 1947. The $6,394,600 for general administration ex­ the committee recommended $4,203,700, Budget estimate for this was $338,000 and penses, the committee has added· a pro­ which is a decrease ·of $419,300. The the committee recommended- the full viso that $2 ,650 ,600 shall be for use in amount recommended will enable the amount. · carrying into effect the provisions of Division to make 45,000 inspections, Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. title IV of the Servicemen's Readjust­ which it is believed should prove ade­ Chairman, would the gentleman care to ment Act of 1944, which amplifies the quate at this time to insure enforce­ yield at this point? responsibilities of the Veterans' Employ­ ment of the provisions of the Fair Labor Mr. HARE. I yield to the gentleman ment Service in aiding Vvterans to ob­ Standards Act and the Walsh-Healey from California. tain saisfactory employment. The in­ Act. This is the same number of in­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I crease is recommended after hearing the spections that was made during the fis­ wanted to ask the gentleman about the testimony of the Director of Veterans' cal year 1945. The estimates presented apprenticeship training program. Am I Employment Service and the officials of to the committee contemplated a suf­ correctly informed that the committee the United States Employment Service. ficient staff to make 56,000 inspections bill carries the amount for that purpose The increase will be used for increasing during the fiscal year 1947. It is not felt which was recommended by tne Bureau the number of employees of the Veterans' that an increase in the number of in­ of the Budget? Employment Service, which has to do spections is necessary, but rather that Mr. HARE. The amount requested solely with the efforts of assisting vet­ the Division should continue to operate was $1 ,832,000. The amount allowed was erans to obtain satisfactory employment. at the 1945 level, and, inasmuch as the $1,800,000, which was $295,000 more than The amount appropriated for general employees worked a 48-hour week during it had for 1946 and $32,000 less than the administration for the fiscal year 1946 the 1945 fiscal year, there should be an amount requested by the Bureau of the was $11,732,000 and the amount the com­ adjustment of the estimates for 1947 so as Budget for 1947. mittee is recommending for 1947 is to permit the making of 45,000 inspec­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. Is it not $5 ,337,400 less than the 1946 total. tions on the basis of a 40-hour week. true, in the gentleman's opinion, that the The committee, in recommending the Such course requires an addition of 87 work of that agency is a very important appropriation of $68,517,000, has divided inspectors and 40 clerical-facilitating one at the present time? such amount into two parts. The first, employees, at a cost of $361 ,840. Mr. HARE. I agree with you thor­ $17,129,250, is to provide necessary funds NATIONAL WAGE .STABILIZATION BOARD oughly. for the operation of the service as a Fed­ Salaries and expenses: Budget esti­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. What is eral agency through October 6, 1946. mates, $5,191,900; recommended, $4,191,- the relationship between that appren­ The second part. $51,387,750, is proposed 900; decrease, $1,000,000. XCII-421 ~682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 This agency was established on De­ icemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. This increase of $42,400, which is recom­ cember 31, 1945, by an Executive order service has much to contribute toward a mended by the committee. The general which also abolished the National War return to normal employment conditions expense item approved by the Budget Labor Board. Its principal objective is and production, and the testimony be­ for 1947 is $644,300, or an increase of to control the amount of any wage or fore the committee revealed that the de­ $170,912 over the appropriation for the salary increase which can be recognized mands for service upon the local employ­ fiscal year 1946. The amount recom­ as a basis for increasing prices or as a ment offices by both employee and em­ mended by the committee is ·$564,300, base for increasing the cost of goods or ployer is the greatest in its history. which is an increase of $90,912 over the services under contract to the Federal OFFICE OF EDUCATION appropriation for 1946, but a decrease of Government. The National Wage Sta­ $80,000 in the Budget estimate. The Budget estimate for salaries and bilization Board has the responsibility FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION for applying these controls. In carrying expenses submitted by the Budget Bu­ out such principal function, the Board reau is $1,520,200, or an increase of For the enforcement and operation of $56,562, the amount approved over the the Food and Drug Administration the receives and acts on applications for the committee has recommended a total of approval of wage or salary increases and corresponding item for 1946, but an in­ crease of $577,662 above the base for $3 ,482 ,383, or an increase of $40,083 over decides whether and to what extent such the amount of the appropriation for the increases can be approved under the 1947, which included certain items for national defense purposes. The increase fiscal year 1946. This agency is per­ standards prescribed by the Executive forming an outstanding service in a most order and applicable regulations. To provided for 126 new positions with pro­ portionate increase in miscellaneous ex­ important work. It has the responsi­ the extent that any wage or salary in- bility of enforcing five laws, to wit, the , crease is not so approved by the Board, penses. The committee recommended an increase of $49,052, providing for 52 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; the increase cannot be used as a basis the Tea Importation Act; the Import for increasing prices or cost to the Gov­ new positions at a total cost of $46,552. The statutory grants approved by the Milk Act; the Federal Caustic Poison ernment. In addition to the rules limit­ Act; and the Filled Milk Act. It is in ing the extent to which wage and salary Budget are recommended by the com­ mittee and are as follows: For the de­ constant contact with American manu­ increases may be used for price pur­ facturers in its operations and enjoys poses, there are rules which maintain, in velopment of vocational education, $14,- 200,000; promotion of vocational educa­ the greatest respect and cooperation effect, direct wage controls in certain from this large group of American busi­ limited areas, chiefly the building and tion in Hawaii, $30,000; promotion of vocational education in Puerto Rico, nessmen. Food and drug manufacturers construction industry. This means that and processors have been called upon to no wage increase ltgally may be made in $105,000; and further endowment of col­ leges of agriculture and the mechanic do an ever-increasing production job such industry without prior approval. during the past years, and it is much to In addition, no wage decreases in any arts, $2,480,000. The committee ap­ proved a specific request in the amount their credit that they have processed industry legally may be made without more foods and drugs than ever before. prior approval of the Board. of $1,337,000 to be allocated to States for carrying on food conservation activities. They_have suffered the loss of experi­ The committee was favorably im­ enced employees, have found it increas­ pressed by the statement of the Chair­ OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION ingly difficult to replace obsolete or worn­ man of the Board, but felt that some Vocational rehabilitation service is out equipment, and have been faced reduction could be made in the estimate provided for under Public Law 113 and with numerous handicaps due to emer­ submitted, and, accordingly, is proposing undertakes to render aid and assistance gency conditions, but throughout the a reduction of $1,000,000. In addition, to physically handicapped persons who emergency and much to the credit of the committee is proposing reductions in may be restored to an employable status. the Food and Orug Administration, the the allotments t from the traveling-ex­ It is a program operated by State boards manufacturers have maintained an atti­ pense appropriation for this activity of of vocational education in accordance tude that the American public and the $38,500, and $5,000 from the appropri­ with State plans approved by the Office armed forces ~re entitled to pure, clean, ation for contingent expenses. of Vocational Rehabilitation. The testi­ and uncontammated foods and to potent RETRAINING AND REEMPLOYMENT mony before our committee disclosed pure, and uncontaminated drugs. ' - ADMINISTRATION that a year ago there were 89,416 disabled persons in the process of rehabilitation. UNITED STATEs PUBLIC ;HEALTH SERVICE Salaries: Budget estimate, $338,000; The present budget was prepared and recommended, $338,000. The estimate for the fiscal year 1946 will The objective of the Retraining and be approximately 105,000. The estimate the estimates have been considered un­ Reemployment Administration, ·author­ for the fiscal year 1947 being 120,000. der the Reorganization Act of 1944. The ized in title III of the war Mobilization The economic value of the program as $10,897,000 item carried in the last ap­ and Reconversion Act of 1944, is to effect shown from the hearings bef-ore our cem­ propriation bill for the control of malaria coordination during the reconversion mittee discloses there were 41,925 per­ was pr_imarily a national defense item period among the activities of those sons rehabilitated into employment dur­ and as such has been eliminated from agencies of the Governrrient charged with ing the last fiscal year. That is, these this bill. However, an increase in the persons were actually placed on the pay control of communicable disease item of the functions of retrainmg, reemploy­ $1,040,000 in 1946 to $7,372,000 in 1947 ment, vocational educ~tion, and voca- rolls of employers in a way and under . tiona! rehabilitation. The legislation conditions which apparently proved to is an increase of $6,332,000, the greater · be satisfactory to both employer and em­ portion of which will be used to continue for this activity expires June 30, 1947. the program for malaria control. It was It is felt that the full amount requested ployee. It is stated that prior to the be­ would be needed if this agency is to ginning of the rehabilitation program pointed out to the committee that a large accomplish its objectiv_e by June 30, 1947. that the average income of such persons number of veterans who saw service in from what they could earn in part-time the Tropics, many of whom were sub­ EMPLOYMENT OFFICE FACILITIES AND SERVICES employment and what they received in jected to malaria, will upon return en­ Budget estimate, $68,517,000; amount t?e way of charitable contributions, re­ large the necessity for increased activ­ recommended, $68,517,000. lief payments, and so forth, amounted to ities . in the malaria-'control program, The committee, in recommending the $24 per month; whereas, according to the a~d It was contended that this problem · appropriation of $68,517,000, has divided · testimony furnished your committee, the · Will be found in many sections of the such amount into two parts. The first same individuals following the comple­ country now practically free from $17,129,250, is to provide necessary fund~ tion of rehabilitation services had an malaria, but the malaria-control pro­ for the operation of the service as a average earning of $147 per month. It gram is combined with the control of Federal agency through October 6, 1946. was stated that 18 percent of the number other· ·communicable diseases, such as The second part, $51 ,387,750, is proposed referred to had never been employable typhus fever, and so forth. Recent ex­ for making payments to the several · before and that 79 percent were not perience has disclosed that the use of States beginning October 7, 1946, in ac­ working at the time they were referred the relatively new insecticide, DDT, has cordance with the provisions --of the act to the State agencies for rehabilitation. been very effective in combating the of June 6, 1933, as amended, to January The estimates submitted by the Budget spread of insect-borne diseases and the 1, 1942 (29 U. S. C. 49-491), and for car­ Bureau for the next fiscal year for grants committee feels it will be an expensive ryin~ into effect section 602 of the Serv- or aid to the States is $11,747,700, or an ·economy to deny a proper appropriation 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6683

to proceed as rapidly as possible with . compared ,with the fiscal year 1946~ It that agency, and that those functions preventive measures~ The typhus pro­ is· further thought that the present re­ of the Department of Labor that are gram parallels in many ways the pro­ organization proposal now pending be­ not proper functions·of that Department gram to combat malaria and other trop­ fore.. the Congress, if made effective; may ought to ·be transferred to the agency­ ical diseases and it is felt that. the. pro­ result in some economies during the next where they most properly belong. You gram to control such diseases should. year. The total amnunt · carrted in the will recall that when the War Manpower. all be under one supervision. bill for the fiscal year 1947 is $12,600,000, Commission was set up· under the direc­ Another nationaLdefense_item carrieci which represents a decrease in the ap­ tion of Mr. McNutt by Executive order in the 1946 appropriation, $59,957,000 to propriation for 1946 to the extent of the Apprenticeship Training Division was be used for training of nurses, has been $10,420,390. transferred· from the Labor Department eliminated as a defense item, but $16,- NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD over to the War Manpower Commission. 300,000 has been included to continue The total estimates for the National The employment services were trans­ the training-for-nurses program to its Labor Relations Board call for an appro­ ferred from the Labor Department to completion. The total amount carried priation of $4,746,900 for the next fiscal the War Manpower Commission. Al­ in the appropriation bill for the fiscal year, or a decrease of $238,030 below the though we had in the Labor Depart­ year 1946 for the Public Health Service amount available for the present fiscal ment a Conciliation Service that this sub­ was $142,305,380, the amount carried for year and a decrease of $677,400 below the committee and the Congress dealt gen­ the fiscal year 1947 is $95,173,879, or a de­ Budget estimate. erously with every year in the matter crease of $47,131,501, which represents.a of funds, we found that the War Produc­ decrease below the Budget estimate of RAILROAD RETmEMENT BOARD tion Board, the Army and the Navy, and $10,141,321. The amount approved by the committee the Maritime Commission all had set up ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL for the fiscal year is $300,995,000, which within their agencies so-called labor con­ is an increase of $6,300,000 over the ap­ ciliation services. Some 2 years ago I The committee has approved $3,729,- propriation for 1946 and a decrease of 358 for St. Elizabeths Hospital, which is appeared on the floor of this House in $3,80.0. below the Budget estimate for support of a motion to strike out the $1,062,358 above the Budget estimate. 1947. The increase is approved for the purpose appropria~ion for the Labor Concilia­ of eliminating, if possible, numerous de­ CONCLUSION tion Service in a naval appropriation ficiencies which have been the experi­ Mr. Chairman, we have not discussed bill, and I pointed out at that time the ence of the institution during the last the provisions of this bill in great ·de­ tremendous confusion and duplication few years, and to provide $75,000 for a tail, but we invite your attention to our that existed in the field of labor con­ general over-all survey of the entire in­ report, as well as the hearings before our ciliation and mediation due to the fact stitution by the Public Buildings Admin­ committee. Your committee has ·given that the Government had seen fit to set istration. It should be noted, however, careful consideration to the evidence sub­ up these competing and duplicating con­ th'at the increase is over the Budget es­ mitted in support of the estimates. We ciliation services in various and sundry timate, but represents a decrease of $2,- may have made mistakes in properly departments of Government other than 377,007 below the appropriation for 1946. evaluating them, but our recommenda­ the Labor Department. I recall so well when standing in the SOCIAL SECURITY BOARD tions are now before you. If the ma­ jority of you think the reductions made well of this House and making that sort The committee has recommended are too drastic, or that we have erred in of a statement that· the chairman of the ~484,000,000 for grants to states for old- · our judgment in any way, there is noth­ Committee on Labor, the distinguished age assistance, aid to dependent chil­ ing to prevent you from offering amend­ gentlewoman from New Jersey, arose and dren. and aid to the blind, which when ments adjusting the appropriations to stated that she had· just contacted the broken down will be as follows: Old-age meet the will of the majority of the Mem­ then Secretary of Labor, Madam Per­ assistance, $398,700,000, or an increase bers of the House. On the other hand, kins, and gave assurance to the House of $27,7()0,000 over the appropriation for if you think we have failed to make the that there was no duplication, there was the fi scal year; aid to dependent children, necessary reductions and still maintain no confusion, and that everything was $73,950,000, or an increase of $14,656,- that degree of efficiency desired in all working out perfectly lovely and fine, 000; and aid to the blind, $11,350,000, or the agencies involved you will have the and as a result of that speech the effort an increase of $644,000, making an over­ same opportunity to make further re­ which was then being made to bring back all increase in these three items of $43,- ductions. to the Labor Department its proper func­ 000,000. tions was defeated. Grants to States for unemployment Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 10 minutes. · A year later when this bill came up compensation administration will show a before the committee for consideration, decrease from $57,042,000 for the fiscal Mr. Chairman, a reading of the bill will indicate the widely varying charac­ attention was again called to that situa­ year to $49,045,000 for the fiscal year tion, and lo and behold, the RECORD dis­ 1947, the decrease being $7,997,000. ter· of the numerous departments and agencies and institutions that are pro­ closes, for ar.y one who wants to read it, EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION COMMISSION vided for in this appropriation bill. It that the Undersecretary of Labor, then The United States Employees' Compen­ is called the Labor and Federal Security Mr. Tracey, and the Secretary of Labor, sation Commission is charged with the appropriation bill and makes available then Ma

I Mr. Mansfield of Texas with Mr. Holmes of Mr. SLAUGHTER asked and was sioners of the United States Princeton Washington. ·given permission to extend his remarks University Bicentennial Commission the Mr. Sheppard with Mr. Auchincloss. in the RECORD and include an article following Members of the House of Rep- Mr. Combs ·with Mr. Curtis. Mr. May with Mr. McMillen of Illinois. from the Kansas City Star. . resentatives to serve with himself: .Mr. Mr. Stigler with Mr. Crawford. Mr. BARRY asked and was given per­ FEIGHAN, Mr. ANDREWS of New York, Mr. Mr. Courtney with Mr. Plumley. mission to extend his remarks in the GAMBLE, and Mr. MATHEWS. Mr. Monroney with Mr. Cole of New York. RECORD. The SPEAKER. Under previous order Mr. Davis with Mr. Mason Mr. TARVER asked and was given of the House, the gentleman from Wash­ Mr. Morrison with Mr. Carlson. permission to extend his remarks in the ington [Mr. COFFEE] is recognized for 1 Mr. Flannagan with Mr. Reece of Tennessee. RECORD and include a poem. Mr. Vinson with Mr. Sharp. hour. Mr. Torrens with Mr. Rich. Mr. GOSSETT asked and was given THE AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE AND Mr. Fogarty with Mr. Stockman. permission to extend his remarks in the THE AMERICAN MARITIME INDUSTRY Mr. Traynor with Mr. Robsion of Kentucky. RECORD. Mr. Folger with Miss Sumner of Illinois. Mr. POWELL asked and was given per­ Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Mr. Tolan with Mr. Talbot. mission to extend his remarks in the address my remarks today to some aspects Mr. Boren with Mr. Woodruff. RECORD in two instances; to include iri of the American merchant marine and Mr. Patman with Mr. Gillette. one an editorial appearing in yesterday's the American maritime industry gen­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts and Washington Post and in the other an erally. All of us have been forcibly re­ Messrs. PLOESER, HAND, FULTON, and article from Everybody's Digest. minded of the significance of this in­ KUNKEL changed their vote from "yea" Mr. GARDNER asked and was given. dustry in our national economic life and to "nay." · permission to extend his remarks in the in the economic well-being of the entire Mr. THOMASON changed his vote from RECORD - ~nd include an address delivered world by the present collective-bargain­ "nay" to "yea." last Wednesday on Government's. posi­ ing negotiations now taking place under 'l'he result of the vote was announced tion in the realm of human relations. the auspices of the Department of Labor as above recorded. Mr. VOORHIS. of California asked and here in Washington. The fact that the The doors were opened. was given permission to extend his re­ maritime unions have already set a The SPEAKER. The question is on marks in the RECORD in three instances; strike date, June 15, imposes a real re­ the engrossment and third reading of to include in one a magazine article, in sposibility upon all parties-labor, man­ the bill. one a brief essay, and in the other some agement, and Government-to see to it The bill was ordered to be engrossed resolutions. that a satisfactory solution is arrived and read a third time and was read the Mr. BOREN (at the request of Mr. at before then in respect to the wages, third time. RIVERS) was given permission to extend hours, and working conditions of the The SPEAKER. The question is on his remarks in the RECORD. unions. the passage of the bill. Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma asked and It is not my purpose at this time to The bill was passed. was given permission to extend his re­ discuss these negotiations, the concrete A motion to reconsider was laid on marks in the RECORD and include letters, proposals, or the past history of collec­ the table. editorials, and other data: tive bargaining in this industry. I would EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. ROWAN asked and was given per­ describe for the honorable Members some mission .to extend his remarks in the rather peculiar characteristics of this Mr. REED of New York United Mine Workers Union nego­ tion, utilizing the private operators as the armed forces? tiated directly with the Government agents, turns the ships over to them, and The present personnel on the ships after the seizure of the mines and a satis­ guarantees profits upon their operation. and the docks are prepared to work and fartory settlement seems to have been The ship operators who are arguing would, I believe, cheerfully and speedily achieved. today about the impossibility of estab­ negotiate a contract with the real owners There was no negotiation between the lishing a. work-week at sea of less than of the vessels in the merchant marine, Government and the unions after seizure 56 hours, who repeatedly raise the ques­ the United States Government, if that of the railroad lines. There was in the tion of the feasibility of profitable op­ became necessary. coal case. What can we expect to hap­ erations if maritime workers have a But I am not certain that the War pen in the maritime industry? Strike­ workweek of less than 7 days, are today Shipping Administration even need dis­ breaking as in railroad or negotiation as establishing wage rates, hours, and work­ pense with its agents in this instance; . in coal? ing conditions for United States Govern­ though perhaps a careful investigation of Collective bargaining and direct nego­ ment property. This is the truth of it. the operations of the United States tiations between owners and workers has The United States Maritime Commis­ Maritime Commission and the War Ship­ been and is the most satisfactory method sion-after February 2, 1942, the· War ping Administration during the war of solving labor disputes. It has not Shipping Administration assumed this years will reveal how much of a para­ been tried sufficiently in this instance. responsibility:-throughout the war sitic growth these private agents have Why expect the private operators now chartered vessels at exorbitant hire to been, how profitable their riskless opera­ here in Washington to get down to brass private operators. One might say fan­ tions. tacks in negotiations, to make conces- tastically exorbitant rates. In the present collective-bargaining ~ sions now, to bargain in good faith when The story has already been told once negotiations the least we should expect they have nothing to lose by remaining in 'the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. It Will be from the War Shipping Administration adamant and forcing a strike and con­ well to refresh ourselves at this time by is a forcible reminder to its agents that sequent Government action.? · turning to a recent statement by the bargaining should be carried on in good The War Shipping Administration now ·gentleman from Massachusetts, Con­ faith, that issues should be settled on stands .squarely behind its agents in gressman WIGGLESWORTH, on this entire their merits, and that the strike should these collective-bargaining negotiations, charter-hire practice. be prevented in the only manner all of and the War Shipping Administration Between July 1941 and December 1942 us are anxious to see, the speedy arrival has the power to see to it that genuine the United States Maritime Commission at a negotiated agreement. collective bargaining takes place and is paid out $199,767,162 in charter hire on It is this point that I wish to repeat consummated in a contract. 758 vessels. The book value of these today. This is the key to the entire The ship operators are dealing with vessels amounted to $37,900,000. The situation. the unions. Let us have the shipowners, American taxpayers were saddled with Private enterprises, hired agents of the United States through the War Ship­ an excess charge of almost $162,000,000. the Government, are not meeting with ping Administration, participate directly It has been estimated that up to April the unions as operators of Government­ in all of this. Unless such action takes 1945 $76,153,323 was expended on charter owned vessels but as private capitalists place, and speedily, we will see the entire hire. on vessels with a total book value of protecting their own investments and maritime industry of the United States $2,400,161. Nearly $74,000,000 in public aiming at maximizing their own gain. stopping at dead center. funds was squandered by the charter­ The situation would be ludicrous were it I now yield to the gentleman from hire policy. not so serious for the American people California [Mr. PATTERSON]. These are the agents, private operators and for the workers in the American Mr. PATTERSON. We have just who in 4 years earned 30 times over the maritime industry. gone through a railroad crisis where book value of their vessels. We have in the maritime industry to­ charges and countercharges of double We are seeing in Washington today a day tlie most thorough and complete dealing have filled the air. A body of shadow play or better a Punch-and-Judy separation of those two inseparables of evidence has been published in some show. American shipowners, hired capitalist enterprise-risk and profits. newspaper indicating that the dealings agents of a United States Government The Government of the United States, with the railway unions by the White agency are performing in the stage of as the owner of the vessels, takes the Hou&e have left room for considerable labor relations, making claims and coun­ risks on all these ventures; the ship oper­ suspicion that there has been something ter claims, rejecting union proposals, and ators take the profits. less than a frank approach to the real issuing press releases, all of which have Has the Government, through the War issues in the threatened railway strike. nothing to do with the case. Shipping Administration, done all in its '!'he charge was made by the unions that For the .War Shipping Administration power to reach a peaceful settlement in the White House interfered with nego­ must, in the final analysis, play the tune this dispute? Not at all. tiations which were making some prog­ that the ship operators by no under­ There has been no active intercession ress, hampered those negotiations with standable power dictate. by the War Shipping Administration in threats, and finally broke the unions to We have recently seen the United this case except to publicize its planning, a settlement which many still regard as States Government involved in two labor with other interested Government agen­ unjust. disputes-coal and railroad. In both in­ cies, in the event of Government opera­ Are we running into a similar double­ stances Government seizure and a Gov­ tion and direct Government negotiation. dealing situation in the dispute in the . ernment dictated or negotiated agree­ But why wait until after Government maritime industry? Are we going to be ment settled the dispute. operation before exercising the right and presented with a situation in which the In the maritime industry there is no power the Government does possess at Army, the Navy, and the Coast Guard need for Government seizure before Gov­ this time? Why all this talk about the have to be called in to an extreme na­ ernment negotiations could be held. In need for special legislation, for special tional emergency, without knowing the the maritime industry the most that is Government actions on the part of the real reasons for the use of such power required is to destroy the mirage of pri­ Executive when the Government now has in a labor dispute? vate operation, to pierce the legal fiction all the power and all the legal right as Certain disturbing situations have oc­ under which the private owners are now the owner of these vessels to force its curred in the last 10 days. ·As we know, operating. The WSA could simply dis­ agents to negotiate and to reach an the maritime unions, which have sched­ pense with its private operators now act­ agreement. uled a strike by a secret vote of their ing as its agents, negotiate its own con­ We in Washington have seen some membership in the event collective bar­ tracts, and operate the vessels which it strange methods used in solvi:ng recent gaining failed, on June 15 were called I 6696 .CONGRESS! ON AL: R'ECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 down to Washington by the Secretary of ties during the war than any branch of ' Let us not ·· stand idly by nQW while Labor. He told them to get together in the armed services, in proportion to their · sinister forces attempt to do a . job on day and night sessions and to spare no numbers. In the darlcest days of the war, them while they are in the legitimate efforts to avert what he · termed a na­ when freight ships loaded with war mate­ pursuits of atte~pting to impro.ve their tional disaster, in the form of a maritime rials were sailing without convoy, many living standards. Let us not stand idly strike. to a watery grave, the merchant seamen by while threats are made to use the Hardly had these negotiations gotten came forward, manned their posts, and ·Army and Navy against them. under way when President Truman told stuck to their posts regardless of risk. On the other hand, let us do all we can a press conference, first, that the out- They kept 'em sailing on the Red Sea to help inject' a note of reasonable nego­ · look in negotiations was "gloomy," and, run, on the Murmansk run, on the Liver­ tiations into this dispute on the issues. second, that relief ships must move. pool run. They delivered the goods. The sending of relief troops abroad is The President inferred that a maritime They were responsible for maintaining not an issue. strike would interfere with the move­ the lifeline between America's arsenal Sending troop ships abroad is not an ment of relief supplies to hungry peoples and the fighting fronts of our allies. issue. abroad. The President told the press Great tribute has been paid to mer­ Even the record of · the merchant sea­ that he will use armed forces to run the chant seamen. Many in the highest men during the war is not an issue. maritime industry in the event of a places, including the chiefs of staff of the There is one simple question involved strike. allied governments, have told of the great in these strikes scheduled for June 15, This statement, in the midst of nego­ contribution of the merchant seamen in ·and that is the economic question. It tiations, seriously hampered the efforts helping to win the war. However, these -involves the maritime unions' legitimate of the unions and the Labor Department praises have been forthcoming on days request to reduce the number of hours conciliators to work out a settlement and of ceremony, such as Maritime Day, when worked from the present inhumanly long to avert a strike. This statement of the medals are handed out posthumously to ·56-hour and 63-hour week. The unions President in effect gave 'the employers, the· wives of merchant seamen who gave also seek to win wage increases that have the operators, and the shipping industry their lives, and when the ship operators already been won in many industries, advance notice that the Government it­ are able to set the stage with fancy ban­ such as automobile; steel, electrical, and self would support all efforts to break a quets and dinners in celebration of the so forth. strike. He told the employers in effect heroic exploits of .the rank and file sailor It should be possible to settle this ques­ that they could continue to hold orit and and longshoreman. tion across the conference table and it to refuse to deal and to make promises Now is the time to recall the heroic should be possible for the Government because the inference was plain that the record of the American merchant ma­ and its representatives to guarantee a Government would be behind them. · rine. Now is the time to recall that reasonable approach to these negotia- Before making such inflammatory record because of the calumnies that are . tions rather than inject threats of force. statements, it would have been simpler being foisted everywhere to becloud the I think this strike can be averted if to check the real facts in the situation. fact that the seamen's unions are ask­ the Government, the real owner of 80 What are the facts? ing for a decent living wage for their percent of the merchant marine, takes a The shipment of relief supplies abroad members. Here is what Gen. Douglas firm stand in forcing genuine collective and t,he movement of troops has never MacArthur said of the merchant seamen bargaining by the ship operators. been an issue in the threatened maritime when he had successfully ended his cam­ If steps are taken in the direction of strike. It is not an issue now. Early in paign in the southwest Pacific area: . improving the living standards and May all of the maritime unions involved I wish to commend to you the valor of the working conditions of American mer­ in the dispute held a convention in San merchant seamen participating with us in chant seamen, we can be assured that Francisco. At that time all of the unions the liberation of the Philippines. With us there will be no strike in the maritime pledged that all relief ships with food they have shared the heaviest enemy fire. industry on June 15. and troop ships would be loaded and On this island I have ordered them off their Mr. HA VENNER. Mr. Speaker, will ships and into foxholes when their ships the gentleman yield? sailed to their destinations in the event became untenable targets of attack. At our of a strike. There is not a maritime side they have suffered in bloodshed and in Mr. COFFEE. I yield _to the gentle­ union in the United States that has ·death. The high caliber and efficiency and man from California [Mr. HAVENNERJ. threatened to impede the movement of the courage they displayed in their part of Mr. HA VENNER. Mr. Speaker, we this type of cargo. Yet the President of the invasion marked their conduct through­ have heard a lot recently about an im­ the United States gave that as a reason out the entire campaign ,in the Southwest pending national strike in the maritime for threatening that the armed forces Pacific area. They have contributed tre­ industry. Newspapers have carried re­ would break a strike in the maritime in­ mendously to our success. I hold no branch ports of intensive preparation being car­ dustry. in higher esteem than the merchant marine ried on by agencies of the United States While persons in high places are services. Government to operate and man the ves­ spreading calumnies about the merchant General Eisenhower said: sels of the American merchant marine · seamen and confusing the real economic When final victory is ours there is no or­ in the event such a strike takes place. I issues in the threatened strike, it is well ganization that will share its credit more think it is appropriate to rook behind the to recall the record of the merchant sea­ deservedly than the merchant marine. The headlines and try to see just what is in­ men in the last war. real heroes of this war are the GI Joes in volved in the dispute between maritime Even before the war, the maritime the Army, the Navy, and the merchant ma­ workers and their employers and attempt unions were among the first to recognize rine. to learn whether the demands being made the menace of Fascist aggression. There President Roosevelt also paid tribute by the unions are reasonable or whether were many instances where longshore­ to the merchant seamen on many occa­ the employers' refusal to grant them is men refused to load scrap iron, oil and sions, pointing out we must use the mer­ unreasonable. war materials destined for Japan. Sea­ chant fleets of the Nation "wisely and The major point on which negatiations men refused to sail such ships. It must were deadlocked is the 40-hour week. Is vigilantly" after the war is won. a 40-hour week, 8-hour day an unreason­ be recalled that much of the material of More than 6,000 members of one war shipped to Japan prior to Pearl Har­ able request on the part of merchant sea­ bor was used subsequently in snuffing out union alone, the National Maritime men? The shipowners say it is. I can the lives of many American soldiers and Union, made the supreme sacrifice in the recall reading of similar statements by sailors. During the war the maritime war. Thousands were injured, became the owners of American factories when unions voluntarily submitted a no-strike prisoners of war, suffered the harrowing the 12·-hour day was being debated. pledge to the President of the United experiences of trying to survive on rafts. There were predictions of disaster when States. They kept that no-strike pledge Hundreds received medals for their valor it was proposed that the workiilg day be 100 percent. Not a ship was delayed due and a great many received the Presi­ reduced to '10 hours and the same thing to a strike by these maritime unions at dent's Distinguished Service Medal for happened when the 8-hour law went into any time during the war. This is a rec­ sacrifice under unusual circumstances. effect. American· shipowners bitterly re­ ord to be proud of. A number of Liberty ships were named sisted previous efforts to shorten seamen's It is also a matter of record that the for the heroes of the merchant marine. hours, making the identical Arguments merchant seamen su1fered more casual- They did a job. :Which they o1fer today, Yet the work- 1946 . CONGRESSIONAL . RECOR.D-HOUSE .6697 ing hours aboard ship have been reduced majority of shore workers who already ·ever, is ·paid only while under ship's from 12 hours a day to 8' hours a day for -benefit by the 40-hour provisions of the articles. some classes of personnel and the Ameri­ Fair Labor Standards Act. It is time for American seamen have the right to can merchant marine stiU thrives. this discrimination against seamen to be properly maintain a home and family the Today the men are asking for an 8-hour wiped out: ·-same as· the rest of the American people. day, 40-hour workweek as opposed to a I hope that when amendments to the 'His ability to feed, clothe, and shelter 56- to 63-hour week. i:t does not seem to Fair Labor Standards Act are presented ,his family and dependents during the me that there can be any justification, io us we wiil have the opportunity to vote course of any year depends entirely upon economic, social, or moral for demanding for the establishment of a 40-hour week ·the amount of money the seaman re­ that merchant seamen work 7 days a for merchant seamen. However, since ceives during that year. It is obvious from ·week, a minimum of 56 to 63 hours and the unions are trying to accomplish this some of the facts that I have stated here often much longer. than that. Congress worthy end through the process of col­ ·seamen's wages are substandard and that has seen fit to guarantee by legislation lective bargaining it seems to me that ·consequently their families are forced to that the vest majority of American work­ they. should have our warmest support live at substandard conditions. ers shall work no more than. 40 hours for the success of their efforts. Mer­ The labor costs of shoreside industries per week. chant seamen like all American workers · directly affect the cost of water trans­ Let us look for a minute at the. fight are entitled to the standard American portation. Yet for some reason, the of the seamen for. a 40-hour week in its · work week. workers ashore can be paid a living wage. historical perspective. In my judgment, A second point on which the workers Even the administrative staff employed · the rectification of seamen's hours and and the shipowners are in disagreement -by shipping operators, the office clerks working conditions is long overdue. The ·is on the matter of wage. After working · and stenographers, are paid according to seamen. have be_en most neglected of all 240 hours a month a seaman gets about prevailing industrial standards. Only the American industry on limitation of week­ $127 or $31.25 a week. In other words ·seamen are expected to sacrifice. It is ly hours. the. basic wage aboard an American their wages which, according to the ship­ For oceangoing seamen, for centuries vessel is 56 cents an hour for skilled owners, make all the difference between tp~ traditional working time at sea was · labor. Let us compare just a few sea­ ability and inability to meet foreign 7 days of 12 hours each, or 84 hours a men's classifications with comparable competition. But no one can explain week. This was · true in the American work ashore. The nearest equivalent to why the shoreside wages paid to the ma­ service as well as the European merchant an able seaman is a ship's rigger. While jority of the operating personnel in the marine, while the sailing ship was queen · a seamen gets 56 cents an hour, his ·· industry have no such effect. of the ocean. Then came steam: The shoreside equivalent will receive from . It is only wpen he works aboard ship changes 'wrought in the seamen's labor · $1.03 to $1.20 an hour. Similarly en­ that an employee loses his right to a de­ by this technical advance were finally re­ gine department classifications such as cent wage. flected iri the· delayed adoption of the 8- firemen, and watertenders receive about hour day on shipboard. Steam vessels the same pay as an able seaman. A sta- I think it is high time we abandoned · had displaced sails in large measure more . tionary engineer who performs similar such speciqus reasoning and lent every possible assistance to the achievement than a decade before the turn of the cen­ - work ashore receives $50 for Q, 40-hour tury but it took three additional decades week. In some industries where the of decent American wages for American for the beginning of an 8-hour day at · work is not nearly as arduous nor as ex­ seamen. sea. This change .came largely through . acting, men get about $1.20 an hour. Shipowners are not reluctant to ac­ ·collective bargaining by the growing sea­ The steward's department reveals a cept operating subsidies for themselves . men's unions, following the reduction of similar condition. A second cook who but they resist every attempt to divert working hours in shore industries. It was also acts as the ship's baker for up to 60 a fair amount of these subsidies into the crystallized into law for unlicensed work­ men receives only $162.50 monthly, or pockets of maritime labor where they ers in the engine room by the La Follette . 68 cents an hour. Similar work ashore rightfully belong. The Merchant Marine Seamen's Act ·of 1915. It did not become earned, in 1944, an average of 85.3 cents . Act of 1936 declared the intention of legally binding for the deck crew until an hour, and this for work performed Congress to maintain maritime wage the passage of-the amending act of 1936. under controlled factory conditions and rates at a fair level and the seamen have It is still not law for members of the · not handicapped .by shipboard facilities. a right to expect that this will be done. stewards' department: . These comparisons leave out of ac­ · While protesting fear for the financial But while the working day at sea was . count the versatility and the adaptability . health of the industry, the employers thus being reduced from 12 hours to 8, which seamen are expected to display. remain discreetly silent about their huge ·the number of working days in the week . On the issue of the specific skills required . wartime profits, as well as the enormous have remained unchanged. "One day's seamen have been held to wage levels Government expenditures, which grant­ rest in seven" laws, enacted by several far below those commensurate with their ed a high level of profits in peacetime. ·States for shore industries, have no coun­ duties and responsibilities. Even if com­ The records of the House Committee on . terpart for th~ seaman. The Fair Labor mon laborer rates were used as ·a stand­ the Merchant Marine and Fisheries is Standards Act of 1938 which sets the 40- ard, this inequity would still exist. In replete with such data. hour week for manufacturing and com­ · the shipbuilding and repair industry la­ , Congress has shown much concern for merce generally, ·excludes him. Fair . borers received in 1945 from 78 to 80¥2 . the profits of the shipping industry. The -weather or foul, in the Arctic or the cents an hour, with provisions for over­ present dispute between the maritime Tropics, he still toil_s at the engines or on time. The least l:)killed worker on a ship workers and their employers has thrown deck for 7 times 8 ~ or 56 hours weekly. must have greater qualifications, yet this very little light on the problems with If he is a cook or messman his week may rate is higher than is received by all which these workers are confronted. I run to 63 hours·. In cases of emergency, except an insignificant fraction of the think Congress will make an important all hands, regardless of rating, may be most highly paid unlicensed seamen, contribution in the public interest if we called upon for hours unlimited, with no mainly chief stewards. npw lend every possible -assistance to the -extra compensation for the time so To have a real appreciation of the peaceful solution of the maritime prob­ worked. seamen's wage problems one must con­ lem with a fair settlement for the work­ With the modern advance in social and sider their · total annual earnings. Be­ ers. I think they are entitled to have industrial standards, Yankee capacity cause of a high percentage of illness and their hours reduced and their wages for continuous improvement of operat- .injury in the maritime industry, and be­ . raised. . ing processes, and the huge expansion of cause of the need for periods ashore with Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, one of the American labor force, there is n·o family and friends, average employment the distinguished Members of this House, longer any reason for condemning sea­ . of seamen, even when jobs are plentiful, who has become nationally known for men, of all workers, to a 56-hour week. -. ranges from 8 to 9 months during a year. · his knowledge of the problems of the Their work is heavier, their calling is It is important to note that in 6 months maritime industry, is my colleague, the -more hazardous, their living accom­ of labor· at sea the seaman has as many · gentleman from Washington [Mr. JACK­ modations while at sea are more un­ workdays as the shoreside worker has in soN], who recently returned from the , comfortable, than those of the vast -8 nionths on land. The seaman, how- Pacific Northwest where he was the XCII--422 6698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 chairman of the International Confer­ from Washington [Mr. DE LAcY] be per­ Why should ship operators who got ence which convened in Seattle for the mitted to extend his remarks at this rich managing ships which the people purpose of working out problems in com­ point in the RECORD. paid for, which the Government built, mon with the maritime industries among The SPEAKER. Is there objection to which were manned by heroic men the nations of the world. I am very the request of the gentleman from Wash­ trained at Government and union ex­ proud of the fact that Mr. JACKSON was ington? pense, now arrogantly refuse to make any chosen the chairman of that important There was no objection. good-faith offer looking toward reduc­ Conference and gave the keynote speech. Mr. DE LACY. Mr. Speaker, there is tion in excessively long hours and ex­ I will be happy to yield to the gentle­ no need for a maritime strike. The cessively low pay in their maritime. in­ man from Washington [Mr. JACKSON] United States Government owns 80 per­ dustry? such time as he may desire. cent of American merchant ships afloat. These wealthy agents took no financial Mr. JACKSON. Mr. Speaker, I thank They were built with taxpayers' money. risks during the war. They did not sub­ my distinguished colleague from Wash­ Operated by private shipping companies ject their precious persons to the dangers ington for his very kind words. as agents, making millions in profits faced by the seaman and the men of the Mr. Speaker, the pending labor dispute without investment in 80 percent of the . fighting fronts. They did not even run in the maritime industry should be fleet under their management, the ships the risk of being hurt or killed, as so thoroughly aired so the public will be belong to the people. many thousands were in the lumber, familiar with all the issues. Much has Instead of putting the pressure on the . shipbuilding, mining, and other indus­ appeared in the press of late regarding seamen, instead of threatening to use tries during the. war. the inability of the operators to meet the our Navy, whose magnificent perform­ · They own only 20 percent of the ships costs of higher wages and shorter hours. ance in the war just past should not now involved. They will get the cream of To my knowledge there has never been be tarnished in the dirty work of strike­ the Government-owned fleet for 5 cents an accurate study or survey of the prof­ breaking, let our Government direct on the dollar. its and earnings of the industry-par­ those whom it has chosen as its agents to Let them in good faith now help build ticularly during the immediate prewar operate the people's ships to reduce the a stable American merchant marine, and war period. I know Congress has inhumanly long workweek, to bring sea­ based, as all last'ing industry must be been advised from time to time on cer­ men's wages up within sight of shore-side based, upon a skilled, experienced, and tain excessive profits such as the "Red wages, and make the settlement retro­ stable working force. Sea" charters-losses paid from insur­ active. ance and large earnings from charter Those three simple steps, all clearly It used to be said that seamen are agreements with the Government. within the legal and the economic and bums. I hav~ seen my share of seagoing It is most unfortunate, Mr. Speaker, the moral power of the United States bums, and I have lived under the condi:. that a thorough and complete study of Government, would end all talk of strike. · tions on board ships that make bums the earnings has not been made. Cer­ No body of men enjoys striking. No -out of normal youngsters. I remember tainly the public is entitled to have this one is talking of tying up ships for fun the conditions on the Alaska Steamship information in view of the statements or, as has been charged in the antilabor Company's lines and on the Dollar Lines, and counterstatements that have ap­ press, f9r political reasons or to gain 20 years ago, before the seaman's unions peared in the press on this question. If some mysterious international effect. cleaned them up. I remember lifting this information were made available The men who earn their bare livings the crust of an apple pie to find a carpet maybe there would be an opportunity to in the American merchantmen, the men of green mould underneath. !'remember have the dispute decided on its merits. who faced the bombs and the torpedoes, having to leave the forecastle when I Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, it might the men from whose ranks more are wanted to clean up, travel half the length be well and appropriate at this time to listed as killed or missing during the war of the ship, go down through the engine remind the House that the gentleman than were lost proportionately from any room, out into the fireroom, and behind from Washington [Mr. JACKSON] has other branch of service, the men, Mr. No. 3 boiler where one shower for all the made a very intense study of the ship­ Speaker, who took a terrific punishment black gang was located. In this hot ping industry, and as one of the senior from undersea wolf packs and from all place, between a B and W boiler and the members of the House Committee on the the Luftwaffe could pour on and still bulkhead, where a roll of the ship could Merchant Marine and Fisheries took a went back to keep 'em sailing-these are toss a man's bare flesh against the back leading part in recent debate in connec­ the men who now say that 56 hours a of the boiler, men were privileged to wash tion with the so-called ship purchase bill. week, 8 hours a day for 7 days a week themselves. Just 1n passing, the gentleman re­ without overtime rates is too long to And on the old Dollar Line there was ferred to the resolution introduced in the work, and 9 hours a day for 7 days a not even one shower. Nine firemen Senate by the gentleman from Vermont, week without overtime rates in the stew­ slept in one forecastle, with ports about Senator AIKEN, and in the House by the ards' department is also much too long 7 feet above the water line, so that clear gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. for any American to have to work. across the Pacific the ports could not be WIGGLESWORTH]. It might be well for These are the men who say that their opened for fresh air. Those who tried it the Members of the House to take a pro­ miserably low wages, which range from got washed out of their bunks. With found interest in this whole subject of 53 cents an hour to 73 cents an hour for temperatures running as high as 154 de­ the maritime industry, because, if that the most highly skilled and best quali­ grees in the mountain-ringed port of resolution is acted upon favorably, I am fied, are not enough for them to support Hongkong, men slept in stinking quar­ convinced there will be brought forth their families on. ters, ate in a mess hall directly over the startling facts revealing the enormous And who but the profit-hungry ship boilers, with sweat running down their profits made by certain ship operators operators will disagree that these hours arms and forming pools on each side of during the war to such an extent that are too long and this pay scale is too their bodies on the hard, wooden benches the Comptroller General wrote a special low? on which they sat. . report in which he questioned very much American seamen want the 40-hour I well remember coming out of the the War Shipping Administration's week enjoyed by other workers in Amer­ fire room, wringing wet, my shoes squish­ operations. ican industry. ing with my own sweat, my dungarees so Recently the Navy Appropriations Sub­ American seamen want at least the soaked that I could and did wring my committee of the House, of which I hap­ same minimal wage adjustment which own sweat out of them. I remember pen to be a member, went very exten­ has been found necessary and just in working on top of those boilers with a sively into the operation of the War Ship­ other parts of American industry. floor plate temperature of 150. I re­ ping Administration and in the report American seamen want these necessary member cleaning and blowing boiler and the hearings brought out directly gains made retroactive to October 1, tubes and crawling inside boilers to tear very severe criticism against the War 1945, the date when their last contracts out firebrick, working in thick clouds Shipping Administration for the shoddy expired. of dust with no respirators, with floor and shabby way in which it had oper­ · And American seamen want to win plate temperatures running upwards of ated Government-owned ships. these modest concessions without hav­ 140 degrees. Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask ing to tie up the waterfronts of three I remember that even the air that unanimous consent that the gentleman coasts. came down the forced draft was so hot 1946 _·coNGRESSIONAI.; RECORD-HOUSE 6699 that it cracked our ears and burned our many as 41 were or had been married Second. An increase in wages In line lips. and were supporting wives or children or with national wage patterns recently es­ And I remember coming off those both. Altogether, the 100 men had 129 tablished in many other industries. watches with not even a shower to go dependents. Third. Retroactivity of wage increases to. The Dollar Line permitted us to buy TABLE I.-Family responsi bili ties of tm­ to the date of expiration of old agree­ our own buckets and our own soap and licensed seamen-USS study 1 ments. towels, and graciously ran a cold water Family responsibility: Fourth. Agreement to negotiate other line into a little compartment about Without dependent s______28 less important but real issues invohing 8 foot square, with two toilets in it and With depen dents______72 grievances and working conditions. the rest -reserved for all the wipers, fire­ If the Government does not make some men, and water tenders aboard to clean Wife onlY------13 effort to put some reason instead of up in. Wife and children______20 threats of force into the negotiations, Those ships were part of the owners' Children onlY------4 there will be a strike on June 15. We loot from the last war. The companies other relatives only______27 know what this will mean to the Nation. had mail subsidies so unreasonable that Wife and others______7 We hear that unions in many foreign the great Senator Bone, of our State, and • Children and others______1 countries will refuse to load, unload, or other distinguished Members demanded Total ______100 sail ships while such a maritime strike and got investigations which caused the Total number of dependent persons_ 129 is going on in our country. There is a whole system of subsidies to be changed. possibility that railway workers will re­ Out of those conditions grew the pres­ 1 John W. Hastie, Unemployment, Annual Income and Family Status of Seamen, 1943. fuse to transport freight into docks for ent seamen's unions. Out of those con­ loading if it will mean crossing long­ ditions came legislative authority for the The second study showing family re­ shoremen's picket lines. We must not let Maritime Commission to fix, decent mini­ sponsibility of seamen was conducted by this happen. It need not happen. Let mum wages for seamen and to inspect the National Maritime Union. Of 70 the Government, which owns the ships, and correct living conditions aboard men interviewed, only 27 were found to put pressure on their own agents, the ship. ·be without dependents. The remaining operators, who have been bargaining But the Commission, after one effort 43 men had from 1 to 6 dependents each. fruitlessly with the unions for more than in 1937, quit the business of caring for On the west coast, the United States 7 months, make the operators stop stall­ America's orphans, the merchant sea­ Shipping Commissioner at San Francisco ing and sit down in good faith to work men. states that approximately 80 percent of out for the first time a decent standard Now these men, whom we have just seamen sign over an allotment of a por­ of living for our merchant seamen. They been praising for their valor in the war, tion of their pay to dependents. This is too sacrificed; they too contributed to are asking for economic justice. Yet they in marked contrast to the yeats 1936 and victory. Let them share in the fruits of are being accused of being in some deep 1937 when only 15 to 20 percent of sea­ peace. plot against the Government, of having men signed allotment papers, and of The SPEAKER. Under previous order mysterious international objectives. Mr. these the majority were in the licensed of the House, the gentleman from Michi­ Speaker, the only politics being played group. gan [Mr. DoNDERO] is recognized for 30 with the marine worker is being played . Upon investigation, American seamen minutes. in Congress. Congress has not enacted are found to be as typical of American a more adequate minimum wage-and­ workingmen as shipyard workers, textile A~CANS TAKE NOTICE-SCHOOL OF hour law. Congress has excluded seamen workers, or steelworkers. The American POLITICAL ACTION TECHNIQUES from unemployment and other benefits seamen come from every State in the Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, it is my enjoyed by other workers in other indus­ Union. Their backgrounds and heritages purpose to expose what I believe to be a tries. The Maritime Commission has not are as varied. Bombs, torpedoes, and Communist ·fraud which is being per­ lived up to its responsibilities or exer­ mines have taken their toll without re­ petuated upon the people of the city of cised its powers in setting more adequate gard for color, religion, home, State, or Washington through the guise of a so­ wages or corrected the inhumanly long any other distinguishing characteristic. called School of Political Action Tech­ hours. Instead of threatening to break a niques to be conducted by the National Let any Member of Congress live on strike, why is not action taken to force Citizens Political Action Committee. I board one of our merchant ships, as I did the ship operators to bargain in good am sure that many Members of Congress when I was a youngster. Let any fair­ faith with the unions? The Govern­ on both sides of the aisle are not aware minded and decent-hearted Ame.rican. ment of the United States is in an ex­ of the nature of this outfit, which has He will soon discover that the American tremely favorable situation in this in­ had the effrontery to print a picture of seamen, like all other American workers, dustry. The Government owns 80 per­ the National Capitol on the cover of its knows that he has some improvements in cent of the merchant marine. The Gov­ catalog. It is my purpose to show that his working conditions coming, that with ernment has poured billions into build­ the faculty of this school is largely com­ modern technical advances the 56- and ing a merchant marine and has guaran­ posed of individuals who have rendered 63-hour workweek is long obsolete, that teed huge profits to a small group of ship­ yeoman service to the Communist Party ways can be found to pay him a wage ping operators who are merely acting as and its front organizations. A number upon which he, too, can support a family, agents of the Government. The Govern­ of these individuals with subversive rec­ can pay rent and food bills on shore, can ment through the Labor Department, the ords are former . Federal officeholders. clothe and educate children. War Shipping Administration, and the This project, which is actually an at­ Or is it the object of the ship operators Maritime Commission, should stop talk­ tempt to establish in the city of Wash­ to drive every family man ashore? To ing tough to the unions and begin to talk fngton a branch of the chain of Commu­ take the running of our fleet away from tough to the operators who are their nist schools to be found throughout the its present skilled and honorable work­ agents. There must be a real attempt to country, is a blot upon the fair name of ing force? force the operators to make a reasonable this city and should be repudiated and Two studies have been made of seamen offer to the unions. We face now the denounced by loyal Americans of both and their families. scandalous situation where the shipping major political parties. One of the studies was made by the operators have not made a single offer or SCHOOL OF POLITICAL ACTION TECHNIQU ES, CON­ United Seamen's Service, a war-born a counter proposal to the demands of the DUCTED BY THE N ATIONAL CITIZENS POLITICAL organization in which the Government, maritime workers. ACTION COMMITTEE, WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE the shipowners, and the maritime unions There is no need for a strike in the 26-29, 1946-DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL OR­ cooperated to afford vitally needed serv­ maritime industry. There is no ques­ GANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION FACULTY ices to our war seamen. A carefully tion that'the threat of the strike will dis­ AND ADVISERS chosen sample of 100 men, .distributed appear· quickly if the shipping operators John Abt: Husband of Jessica Smith, according to the relative numbers of men are forced to offer something reasonable who is editor of Soviet Russia Today. in the various ratings on dry cargo ves­ and in good faith on the following and Mrs. Abt worked in the Union of Soviet sels, was used. only issues in the present dispute: Socialist Republics from 1922-27, for the The USS study showed only 28 out of First. Reduction of the p:-esent intol­ Soviet Information Bureau in Washing­ 100 men who had ~o dependents. As erably long workweek aboard ship. ton from 1929-33, and was editor of the 6700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 11 Soviet Union Review until 1935. She was 1369; indorsed by Communist publica­ American Slav Congress meeting which formerly the wife of Harold Ware, Soviet tions-Dies hearings, page 1371; charges greeted the Red army. He spoke on July agricultural expert. Remember that that Governor Benson and the Farmer­ 5, 1944, before the annual convention Communist marriages must be based Labor administration of Minnesota are of the International Workers Order, upon political affinity. Marriage with in league with the Communists-Dies a Communist fraternal organization. an anti-Communist is sufficient grounds hearings, page 1389; chairman, executive Sponsor, American-Russian Institute for expulsion from the Communist Party. council, National Citizens Political Ac­ dinner, October 19, 1944; signer of a John Abt was known in well-informed tion Committee. statement eulogizing George Dimitroff, circles as the commissar of top level Dr. Dwight Bradley, speaker and spon­ former chairman of the Communist In­ Communist forces while he was in Wash­ sor, fifth national .conference, American ternational-New York Times, Decem­ ington. He was Sidney Hillman's chief Committee for Protection of Foreign ber 22, 1943, page 40. Sponsor, Soviet assistant at the Communist-dominated Born, an organization which specializes Russia Today magazine dinner in honor World Federation of Trade Unions Con­ in the defense of foreign born Commu­ of the Red army, February 22, 1943. ferences held in London and Paris. nists, March 29-30, 1941; member, Amer­ Tom Neill: Executive secretary of Thereafter he vistited the Soviet Union, ican Friends of Spanish Democracy, Servicemen's and Veterans' Committee, writing glowingly of his trip in the Jan­ which was supported by the Commun~t UERMW A-United Electrical, Radio and uary 1946 issue of Soviet Russia Today. Party-appendix IX, page 381; signer of Machine Workers Union, which is Com­ In Soviet Russia Today of May 1946 he appeal for Russian War Relief-New munist controlled; delegate to the Com­ wrote again regarding the "Soviet Law­ Yor}{ Times, October 10, 1941; sponsor munist-inspired and dominated World yer's Role in the Trade Unions." In the of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com­ ·Youth Conference, in which he was as­ New York Times of January 13, 1946, mittee, which has been cited for contempt sociated with Martha Fletcher. Signer page 33, he charged that the labor crisis by the House of Representatives-ap­ of statement to the President and Con­ was precipitated· by "the giant corpora­ pendix IX, page 941; sponsor of the Con­ gress, defending the Communist Party­ tions which own the basic industries of ference on Constitutional Liberties in Daily Worker, March 5, 1941. our Nation." He is general counsel of America, June 7-9, 1939, at which a fea­ DEPARTMENT OF POLnnCAL RESEARCH--FACULTY Sidney Hillman's Amalgamated Clothing tured speaker was Elizabeth Gurley AND ADVISERS Workers of America, of the CIO Political Flynn, national committee member of the Dr. Hadley Cantril: Signer of a peti­ Action Committee and of the National Communist Party, and Elmer Benson­ tion issued by the American Committee Citizens Political Action Committee. He appendix IX, page 1228; sponsor, dinner­ for Democracy and Intellectual Free­ is reputed to be the connecting link be­ forum for the pro-Communist magazine, dom, a Communist-front organization, tween Sidney Hillman and the Commu­ Protestant Digest, February 25, 1941. the petition seeking to abolish the Dies nist Party. He was formerly with the Martha Fletcher: Former chairman of committee-appendix IX, page 332; La Follette committee. United States arrangements committee sponsor of a meeting by the ·same organ­ Tilford E. Dudley, assistant to the for World Youth Conference, which was ization held on April13, 1940, in defense chairman, CIO Political Action Com­ Communist inspired and dominated, held of public-school teachers charged with mittee, was a member of the Washington in London, August 29 to September 6, Communist activities; member, executive Committee for Democratic Action, which 1945. This was supported by the Ameri­ committee, Film Audiences for Democ­ defended Federal employees charged with can Youth for a Free World, of which racy, a pro-Communist film organiza­ subversive activities; the Washington Mrs. Martha (Harold) Fletcher was tion-appendix IX, page 730; signer of Book Shop, the Washington outlet for chairman. · She was a sponsor of the a statement in defense of the Communist Communist literature; the Washington New York State Conference of Negro Party, December 14, 1939, during the Committee for Aid to China, another Youth, held April15-16, 1944. The meet­ Stalin-Hitler pact. Communist-front organization con­ ing was supported by the American DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS--FACULTY demned for its activities by Mrs. Roose­ Youth for Democracy, formerly the AND ADVISERS velt-appendix IX, page 1685, and exec­ Young Communist League. Under the Abe Ajay: Cartoonist for PM; cartoon­ utive hearings, pages 2361-2390. He was name of Martha Haven Fletcher she was ist for the New Masses, Communist formerly with the National Labor Rela­ a member of the editorial board of Spot­ weekly magazine. tions Board, as examiner. light-June 1944-official Communist Len De Caux: Editor of the CIO News; Abraham Zeitz: Secretary of the Com­ youth organ. She signed a statement formerly with the Federated Press, a mittee on Free Elections in 1940, which lauding George Dimitroff, former head Communist news service; recently re­ defended the ballot rights of the Com­ of the Communist 'International-New turned from a visit .to the Soviet Union, munist Party; speaker at the pro-Com­ York Times, December 22, 1943, page 40. after which he made a glowing report munist National Action Conference for Leo Krzycki: President, American Slav of his visit in his paper; supporter of Civil Rights held in Washington, .April Congress, and president, Polish Labor the American League Against War and 19-29, 1940. Council, both Communist dominated; Fascism, cited as subversive by Attorney Elmer Benson has 23 citations in ap­ vice president of Sidney Hillman's Amal­ General Biddle. Cited as a Communist pendix IX, a study of Communist-front gamated Clothing Workers of America, by Homer Martin, former president, Auto organizations published by the Special recently granted a lengthy interview by Workers~Dies hearings, page 2062. Committee on Un-American Activities, Marshal Stalin. His speech on his re- · including: Member, national executive turn is quoted in the Daily Worker of Jay Deiss: Member, executive commit­ board, National Lawyers Guild in 1937; May 9, 1946, page 15, as follows: ''He tee, Washington Committee for Demo­ .sponsor, tenth an:iliversary national con­ had found in the Soviet Union, Poland, cratic Action, which defended Federal ference of the American Committee for Yugoslavia, and other countries in east­ employees charged with subversive ac­ Protection of Foreign Born, held Oc­ ern Europe" a warm spirit of working­ tivities-letterhead, May 23, 1941; for­ tober 20, 1943, an organization specializ­ class brotherhood and he "toured Europe mer senior editor-writer of the Federal ing in the defense of foreign-born Com­ as a representative of the American Slav Security Agency. munists; sponsor, National Federation Congress last year," and found "labor Joseph Gaer: Born in Russia under for Constitutional Liberties, which has treated as an equal partner in govern­ the name of Fishman-former assistant defended the rights of the Communist ment in Poland." He also "praised Mar­ to J. Raymond Walsh, CIO research di­ Party and individuals charged with Com­ shal Tito." Krzycki was the leading rector; former member of the advisory munist activities; sponsor, Citizen Vic­ speaker at a meeting on May 30, 1937, board, Direction, a pro-Communist mag­ tory Committee for Harry Bridges; mem­ in Chicago, which started a riot at the azine, produced by members of the Fed­ _ber, national advisory board, American .Republic Steel Co. plant. He was a guest eral writers project. Interview by the Youth Conference, which booed Presi­ of honor at the dinner of the. American Daily Worker, published June 9, 1945, dent Roosevelt; publicly endorsed for Committee for Protection of Foreign page 8, refers to him as "a master of the Governor of Minnesota by Earl Browder-· Born, ,held on April17, 1943. On May 1, pamphlet form, and certainly the varied Dies, page 1363; photographed in parade 1942, Leo .Krzycki sent a message in be­ examples issued by the CIO-PAC, of of the AmeriCan League for Peace and half of the American Slav Congress to which he is publication director, bear Democracy with leading Communists on the Red army. Again on June 22, 1942, this out." . Former employee . of the August 7, 1937-Dies hearings, page at a meeting in Detroit, he spoke at an Treasury Department. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6701 Thomas F. Burns: Former assistant and Democracy, when employed as re­ ·Theaters, Film and Photo League, and to Sidney Hillman in the Office of Pro­ search assistant by the Works Progress Workers Dance League, all pro-Commu­ duction Management. Member .of the Administration-hearings, Dies Commit­ nist organizations. Communist Party. Former business tee, page 6404. This organization has Alex Leith and Perry Miller are, re­ agent of the Fisk United Rubber Work­ been cited as subversive by Attorney spectively, executive director and found­ ers Union. In early 1937 made a vice General Biddle. Richter was a member er of Stage for Action. Art Smith is vice president of the CIO-Massachusetts of the Washington Committee for Demo­ chairman of this organization, which ac­ House Committee on Un-American Ac­ cratic Action, which defended Federal tively supports Communist causes-Daily tivities, 1938, page 149.' employees charged with subversive ac­ Worker, February 6, 1946, page 6; June Dr. Clark Foreman: President, South­ tivity; Washington Almanac Singers, which composed anti­ Dr. Frank Kingdon: protested against frank apologist for the Communist line American songs for the American Peace imprisonment of William Z. Foster­ by Dr. John L. Childs-New York Times, Mobilization, which picketed the White Daily Worker, May 21, 1930; member, July 20 , 1945, page 11; signer of letter House in 1941. executiv8 committee, American Commit­ for closer cooperation with the Soviet Allan Lomax: Formerly with the Music tee for Democracy and Intellectual Free­ Union-Soviet Russia Today, Septem­ Division, Library of Congress; me!!lt2r of dom-letterhead, September 22, 1939- ber 1939, page 28; mem'Qer, League of the Washington