January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 533

IDAHO Vivian K. Morriss, Lanagan, Mo., in place Fred E. Shearer, Mitchell, S. Dak., in place Wayne M. Maynard, Lapwai, Idaho, in place of E. M. Vaughan, retired. of W. T. Wilt, retired. of D. K. Wilson, transferred. Morris Moore, Rocheport, Mo., in place of TEXAS A. C. Wood, resigned. ILLINOIS Melvin L. Campbell, Troy, Mo., in place of James M. Lawson, Bogata, Tex., in place Mary Rose Gines, Browns, Ill., in place of B. T. Cortelyou, retired. of A. C. Johnson, resigned. C. V. Compton, retired. Patrick C. Ryan, Port Lavaca, Tex., in place Harold Stone, Hume, Ill., in place of C. E. NEW HAMPSHmE of M.A. Phillips, Jr., transferred. Roller, retired. Lester T. Gulley, Jr., Lincoln, N.H., in place C. W. Dickerson, Jr., Quemado, Tex., in Andrew E. Matthews, Orient, Ill., in place of M. E. Ware, deceased. place of B. L. Gathings, retired. of Edith Brain, retired. NEW JERSEY VIRGINIA Joseph P. Graham, Rantoul, Ill., in place of Warren 0. Harris, Wrightstown, N.J., in Thomas C. Coleman, Jr., Boydton, Va., in J. S. Kaler, retired. place of M. H. Davis, retired. place of E. A. Crowder, transferred. INDIANA NEW YORK WASHINGTON Kenneth R. Messel, Bicknell, Ind., in place Paul A. Dreher, Buskirk, N.Y., in place of Arline R. Reid, Carson, Wash., in place of of Paul Winter, retired. W. J. Mcinerney, retired. L. J. Ott, deceased. Wendell R. Dougan, Dale, Ind., in place of Leon Grossman, South Fallsburg, N.Y., in Earl S. Sasser, Mukilteo, Wash., in place of M. R. Elliott, retired. place of Bernard Keiles, retired. M. C. Ross, retired. Leo L. Ponto, Earl Park, Ind., in place of F. L. Waterstraat, retired. NORTH CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA Richard K. Parker, Wheatfield, Ind., in Martha S. Seymour, Belcross, N.C., in place Charles W. Gardner, Belle, W. Va., in place place of D. L. Misch, resigned. of S. B. Staples, retired. of N. B. Martin, retired. Henry S. Hammett, Belmont, W. Va., in IOWA Howard A. Gray, Enfield, N.C., in place of L. J. Stallings, retired. place of P. I. Fauss, retired. Thomas M. Oonners, Jr., Imogene, Iowa, in Craven M. Sealey, Evergreen, N.C., in place Betty K. Fleming, Harts, w. Va., in place of place of S. W. Jones, removed. of J. M. O'Berry, retired. G. R. Dial, removed. Merrill J. Pitlik, Mount Vernon, Iowa, in Boyd S. Butts, Hedgesville, W. Va., in place place of H. A. Bair, retired. NORTH DAKOTA of G. W. Kilmer, retired. KANSAS Ivan T. Thompson, Esmond, N. Dak., in Patricia G. Sidebottom, Peach Creek, place of L. E. Halvorson, transferred. Verl R. Smith, La. Crosse, Kans., in place W. Va., in place of Marietta Walker, retired. Alfred H. Borho, Nekoma, N. Dak., in place WISCONSIN of A. H. Goetz, retired. of S. M. Oyos, retired. Gerald D. Nixon, Lyons, Kans., in place of Donald F. Babitzke, Wishek, N. Dak., in Warren A. Ogren, Hayward, Wis., in place Helen Six, retired. place of T. 0. Brandt, retired. of J. R. Alexander, retired. KENTUCKY Charles V. Timm, Mindoro, Wis., in place Leonard A. Spilde, Ypsilanti, N. Dak., in of A. 0. Harder, retired. Brenda L. Bond, Benham, Ky., in place of place of H. D. Heffernan, retired. Dennis J. Clossey, Jr., Reedsburg, Wis., in E. B. Ison, retired. OHIO place of W. J. Gallagher, retired. !LOUISIANA Edward L. Abdella, Chauncey, Ohio, in ARKANSAS Laverne H. Ayers, Ringgold, La., in place place of C. B. Bricker, retired. John I. Arledge, Jr., Wabbaseka, Ark., in of Robert Mitchell, Jr., resigned. OKLAHOMA place of J.C. Bogy, retired. MAINE Beulah R. Booker, Headrick, Okla., in place CALIFORNIA Thomas E. Reeves, Hampden Highlands, of A. J. Stepp, retired. William B. Robinson, Somis, Calif., in place Maine, in place of H. L. Swan, retired. of K. K. McCleery, retired. Elsie P. Stormann, Stillwater, Maine, in OREGON place of H. W. Stormann, retired. Clara G. Melcher, Rufus, Oreg., in place of INDIANA A. S. Jordan, retired. Russel L. Hirschy, Geneva, Ind., in place of MASSACHUSETTS H. R. Widdows, retired. Ernest J. Winske, Marlborough, Mass., in PENNSYLVANIA Hubert E. Samm, Hymera, Ind., in place place of C. R. Rowe, retired. Charles L. Zoi, Clairton, Pa., in place of S. of Herman Funkhouser, retired. MICHIGAN T. Jackish, retired. Charles A. Seglowich, Smithton, Pa., in MASSACHUSETl'S Virginia L. Pelham, Clayton, Mich., in Edward J. Zerdecki, Three Rivers, Mass., place of C. T. Aldrich, retired. place of L. A. Floro, retired. Donald G. States, Springville, Pa., in place in place of A. J. Rusek, retired. MINNESOTA of K. M. Evans, retired. MISSOURI Edward E. Rolsch, Zumbro Falls, Minn., in Joseph F .. Fish, La Grange, Mo., in place place of H. M. Drinkwalter, retired. PUERTO RICO Josefina B. Tort, Aguadilla, P.R., in place of L. D. Mitchell, retired. MISSOURI of E. P. Irizarry, retired. NEW MEXICO Robert C. Rudloff, Crystal City, Mo., in SOUTH DAKOTA Walter c. Langendorf, Silver City, N. Mex., place of R. F. Reddick, deceased. in place of W. D. Reams, resigned. Emmet C. Washburn, Ewing, Mo., in place Leo F. Murley, Kimball, S. Dak., in place of J. S. Vickers, retired. of D. C. Lunn, deceased. NORTH CAROLINA Don M. Glaser, Huntsville, Mo., in place of Delmer C. Hawe, Leola, S. Dak., in place of Richard P. Roe, Lansing, N.C., in place of Ward Dennis, retired. F. J. Hepperle, retired. E. c. Eller, retired.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AT THE LUNAR THRESHOLD to remember that difficult and challeng­ the lunar mission would never have been ing work remains to be done in our na­ conceived and Apollo 8 would never have tional space effort. I commend this left its launching pad. And Without man's HON. OLINE. TEAGUE thoughtful and significant editorial to selfless competence throughout the whole OF TEXAS program, from that superb flight crew down the attention of the Members and the to the welders, electricians and riveters who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES general public: built the hardware, Apollo could have easily Monday, January 13, 1969 AT THE LUNAR THRESHOLD faded into the oblivion of its early tribula­ The world is slowly catching its breath tions. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, after the breathless Christmas presented by It would be hard to find a more technically an editorial by Mr. Robert Hotz in the the Apollo 8 mission to the moon. In a world competent crew of space voyagers than Col. Aviation Week and Space Technology of torn by violence, wracked by religious and Frank Borman, Capt. James Lovell, and Lt. January 6, 1969, pays ·tribute to the racial hatreds and corroded by conflicts over Col. William Anders. Yet even their personal heroic accomplishments of the astronauts petty goals, the Apollo 8 shone over this rela­ elation at the superb performance of them­ of the Apollo 8 and the NASA-industry tively tiny planet as a clear symbol of the selves and their vehicle was overshadowed by team which developed and perfected the incredible goals man can attain when he the pl'Ofound spiritual and emotional experi­ sheds the baser parts of his heritage. ence of being the first men· to view that complex systems required to accomplish AP,ollo 8 is a great triumph of technology, lonely, desolate surface of the moon from so the first lunar flight. Mr. Hotz reminds perhaps the greatest in man's history. Yet it close and see the brilliant colors, the swirling his reader that with the outstanding ac­ is a spiritual triumph, too. For without man's clouds and the dazzling shine of their home compUshments of AJ)Ollo 8, it is important dauntless courage in braving the unknown, planet earth from so far. 534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 CHRISTMAS MESSAGE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORK­ for the children of working mothers," she Who can ever forget their Christmas Eve ERS OPEN DAY-CARE CENTER said. "It meets a number of needs. There telecast from lunar orbit? Outside, we could FOR CIITLDREN OF WORKING is need for quality care for these children. see the crescent of the waxing moon hanging MOTHERS There ls a need for the work of these mothers, low over the dark Maryland mountains. In­ their skills and what they produce. There is side, on the television set, we could see the a need for the money the mothers earn. view from the Apollo 8 spacecraft skimming HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS "But the overriding need met by this cen­ 60 mi. above the t:iunlit surface of that same ter is that it will help develop children., and moon as Bill Anders kept his television cam­ OF MARYLAND this help is in the pioneering tradition of era sweeping across the Sea of Tranquillity IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the Amalgamated. I can't help thinking of toward the darkness of the terminator and Monday, January 13, 1969 the children left out and I hope that in the hear Frank Borman's voice from 250,000 mi. near future centers such as this one will away: Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, the spring up all over the country, with unions, "We are now approaching the lunar sun­ Baltimore Regional Joint Board of the industry and government participating to rise and for all the people back on earth the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union, make the program a success," she concluded. crew of Apollo 8 has a mel>sage that we would under the leadership of Sam Nocella, Ted S. Decker, senior vice president of like to send to you." L. Greif .and Brother, declared: "I am glad Then, Anders' voice: through its health and welfare fund, has to welcome you all on this occasion and to "In the beginning, God created the heaven built and staffed a day-care center in reaffirm our desire to do what we can for the and earth. And the earth was without form, Verona, Va., for the children of mothers workers and their families. We have never and void; and darkness was upon the face employed in the manufacturing plant of been afraid to experiment--we are not afraid of the deep. And the spirit of God moved L. Grief & Bro. now or in the future." upon the face of the waters. And God said, This center is the first of four to be Mary D. Keyserling, head of the Women's Let there be light: And there was light." built under an agreement reached be­ Bureau of the Department of Labor, ad­ This was followed by Lovell and Borman tween clothing manufacturers and the dressed a dinner meeting after the decision. reading more of the story of creation from She praised the foresight of the Amalgamated the firt>t verses of Genesis in the solemn joint board. The other three centers will and called for federal, state and local gov­ tones of men seeing for the first time how be in Baltimore, Md., Chambersburg, Pa., ernments to participate actively in building the earth might have looked eons ago. .and Hanover, Pa. The center has class­ child-care centers. "Good day-care facilities Apollo 8 carried a U.S. flag on its booster rooms, recreational facilities, a modern for the care of children should be at tho top and spacecraft. Its mission of putting the kitchen, and 10 acres of land. It ac­ of the list of the nation's unfinished busi­ first men into orbit a.round the moon and commodates 240 children from the ages ness," she said. returning them safely to earth was certainly of 2 t.o 6. Their mothers pay $5 per week, The Verona center has been built to ac­ an American triumph. Its technical details and the remainder of the cost comes commodate 240 children, from ages two to and emotional impact were carried around six. Near Staunton, Va.• the facility will the world by communications .satellites, an­ from the health and welfare fund, to serve the 1,200 employees who work at other almost now-taken-for-granted tri­ which employers contribute. the adjacent coat manufacturing plant of umph of the space age. The world, which had This center is invaluable t.o working L. Greif and Brother, a division of Genesco. its television screens and radios filled with mothers in the area, to their children, The mothers employed at the plant, which is iburning ghettos, beserk police and obscen- and their communities. I hope it will be less than a mile away, will drop off their 1ty-l3houting Yipples during recent years, a model that will be followed throughout children at the center on the way to their finally got undeniable proof that there is the country. In opening this center the jobs, and call for them at the completion of another, larger facet to this country and Amalgamated shows once again that it is their shifts. that its people have lost neither their skill Three more child-care centers are sched­ nor daring. an organwation which lives by its motto: uled to be built in Baltimore and Chambers­ TECHNICAL PYRAMID "To Promote the General Welfare.'' burg and Hanover, Pa. But in a broader sense it was more than a I ask unanimous consent that an Aiding partially in meeting the cost of narrow national triumph. It was a triumph article describing the opening of the caring for their children, mothers will pay­ for all mankind-another great milestone in day-care center, published in the Octo­ $5 per week; the remainder will come from man's long and dogged determination to ex­ ber 15 issue of the Advance, be printed the Health and Welfare Fund into which plore his universe and know the unknown. in the RECORD. employer contributions are made. The Appollo 8 mission, and its successors ACW A General Pres. Jacob S. Potofsky and There being no objection, the article General Sec.-Treas. Frank Rosenblum were down to the lunar landing, really represent was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the apex of a pyramid whose base is the sum unable to be present because of previous total of man's scientific knowledge. Frank as follows: commitments. They sent the following mes­ Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders took off ANOTHER AMALGAMATED FIRST: THIS TIME IT'S sage: from the apex of that pyramid to reach the A DAY-CARE CENTER "Your organization is making a fine con­ moon, but their debt of technical gratitude VERONA, VA.-The first day-care center built tribution to the community and to the nation must extend back through the ages from by the Health and Welfare Fund of the ACWA as a whole in establishing this system of those Soviet pioneers of the space age, Baltimore Regional Joint Board, opened with day-care centers. We will be watching your Korolev, Gagarin and Thiolkovsky, to God­ formal dedication ceremonies here last future progress with interest and enthusi­ dard, Oberth, Prandtl, Newton, Gallleo, month. asm." Leonardo, Archimedes and the unknown in­ Representing a historic step in the history Among the invited guests taking part in ventor of the wheel. of union-management relations in the United the dedication were ACWA Vice Presidents While the lunar voyage is a triumph of States, the center brings to completion the Abraham Chatman, Charles S. English, Mur­ man's knowledge and courage, it is also a :first phase of an agreement reached between ray H. Finley, Bessie Hillman, Howard D. humbling experience that should give him clothing manufacturers and the joint board Samuel and Val Wertheimer. ACWA General new and badly needed perspective on him­ to build such day-care centers for the young Counsel Jack Sheinkman and Jacob J. Edel­ self and his relatively tiny planet. From a children of their female employees. man, counsel for the joint board, were also quarter million miles away, man's works on At the ribbon-cutting ceremonies, ACWA among the guests. this l>phere fade from view and only the Vice Pres. Sam Nocella, manager of the joint great oceans, sprawling continents and board said: swirling gases of the atmosphere are visible. "When we envisioned this five years ago, Nobody can view this awesome pernpective we thought it was a dream. Well, what we MR. RUMSFELD'S BILL WOULD PRO­ on our planet without feeling his conceits, dreamed in 1963 has come to pass in 1968 VIDE FOR THE ADOPTION OF A ambitions and concerns diminish and mingle and this is not the end. This is a tremendous KOREAN ORPHAN with wonderment over our survival on this understaking, but it is needed and will help revolving globe under the relatively thin the union, the industry and the working sheath of gases that protects ut from the mothers. It is also the beginning of some­ HON. DONALD RUMSFELD shriveling heat of the sun and the lethal thing of value to society. I hope what we OF ILLINOIS chill of its shadow. have started will be taken up by other unions, Apollo 8 is a great milestone in the history and industry and the national government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of space exploration, but much still lietl More centers are needed, we must not stop Monday, January 13, 1969 ahead. When the going gets tougher and the our efforts until we have them." inevitable disasters stir faint hearts and A featured speaker at the dedication was Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, today I croakers into urging man to abandon this Assistant U.S. Secretary of Labor Esther am reintroducing legislation to provide effort, it will be well to remember the success Peterson, a former staff member of the Amal- for the relief of a Korean orphan, Lee Ok of thil3 first lunar voyage as a source of cour­ gamated. _ Ja, who has the opportunity for a perma­ age to continue. "This is an exciting venture in child care ment home in this country. The bill January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 535 would allow a resident of my district, Miss Half running, aware they were behind me, odd for a Southwester to bother with the I had gotten half way down the driveway checkout counter." June Nelson, to complete the adoption of of my own apartment building, 10 yards from There is quite a selection of parks, by the the child, whom she has been partially the lobby, the switchboard, the closed-circuit way. Rock Creek, where the wife of a high supporting since 1963. TV security system, and about 15 feet from State Department official was raped by three Identical legislation, H.R. 6673, passed a police patrol car. So it wasn't as if they teen-agers as she was walking her dogs-at the House of Representatives in June had all day. mid-morning, in plain view of Massachu­ 1968. The bill was favorably acted upon But I really only wanted to make the point setts Avenue-has retired the rape trophy. by the Senate in the closing days of the that a newcomer here used to choose his (The fourth member of the band obliged by 90th Congress, but the Congress ad­ neighborhood for touchingly Old World rea­ holding her dogs. Question de nuance) . The journed before a conference could be sons-schools, trees, gardens, lawns, neigh­ Chesapeake and Ohio canal towpath, rescued bors. These days, you choose according to from the bulldozers by Mr. Justice Douglas completed. your taste in crime. (During the election and his ragged band of nature lovers, is Miss Nelson has been attempting to campaign they tried to downgrade our crime perfectly beautiful, especially in the spring adopt this child for several years, and I standing to somewhere between Montgomery, and fall. A friend of mine was murdered am most hopeful that our efforts to make Alabama, and Leopoldville in the Congo. But there in broad daylight, within hailing dis­ this possible will be successfully con­ now that we can get back to telling it like it tance of the Georgetown Esso Station. cluded in 1969. I urge that every con­ is, if they don't move us back to the top You might want to consider your Police sideration be given to this legislation three, we should demand a recount.) Precinct. Here again my friend in Cleveland during this session of the Congress. I have a friend, for example, who is pas­ Park is almost obnoxiously enthusiastic sionately devoted to the Cleveland Park area. about Number 8. Having naturally seen quite She has had four break-ins. She has awaken­ a bit of them, she enjoys a very warm rela­ ed in the night to see a pair of hands prying tionship, often inviting the investigating of­ apart the bars on her bedroom window. She ficers to stay for a cup of tea when they've WASHINGTON, D.C., FRONTLINE has seen an arm reach in and remove her finished taking notes. "The Captain says you OUTPOST purse from her desk in the living room. She have a very nice place here," one of them just asks the management to keep installing confided the last time around (TV set, thicker bars. She is now happily ensconced clothes, typewriter.) HON. JOHN R. RARICK in a sort of tastefully upholstered tank trap, Along with the addresses of caterers and OF LOUISIANA and as she keeps telling me, she gets home part-time butlers so vital to Washington so­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in one piece with her groceries. cial life, you will find your address book will A lot of people will try to tell you Chevy soon include the names and direct telephone Monday, January 13, 1969 Chase is where the action is. At least you numbers of the detectives assigned to your Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, I find Anne won't have to plan any after-dinner enter­ various confrontations. tainment. At a small party there a few Satur­ Your wife may want to reappraise her Chamberlin's article, "Reflections on the days ago the front door burst open and the wardrobe. Every day on the Society pages, City," exemplary of the fear and frus­ next thing everybody knew they'd been sep­ of course, you see pictures of our Beauti­ trations of our citizens who live in the arated from their money and jewels, the men ful People attired in minis, maxis and gen­ District. had been bound, gagged and stacked in the uine Puccis. Although she was asked to go Crime and lawlessness remain the Na­ living room, while one wife was escorted up­ home and pile on more clothes, one of our tion's No. 1 problem, especially to those stairs and raped. Neighbors were home and social leaders actually turned up at the who have been victimized. awake, lights blazing all over the block, but Smithsonian in a see-through. But in gen­ New laws and spending more tax when the "entertainers" had finished their eral it's better to strip down to go out than act, so to speak, they faded into the night to dress up. Remove watch and rings. Con­ money afford no solution and offer no de­ unimpeded. ceal credit cards around house in case it's terrent. Education might be the answer­ Georgetown. of course, is still full of broken into while you're out. Wear an old but who can survive long enough to charm, and I lived there myself for years. pair of glasses. Your wife might as well wear know? But even I could kick open the delightful heels. She couldn't outsprint these pursuers Incarceration-jail and prison-to French doors that gave access to and from if she wore cleats. They're motivated and all some of our intellectual friends is said to the garden, which backed onto a dark alley. she is is scared. be no deterrent but how would they And I got tired of the nightly ritual, before Self-defense? There can't be any such know? It's been so long since it was ex­ going out to dinner or upstairs to bed, of thing. A friend once gave me a tear gas pen preparing the place to be ransacked. The and when I drove alone to parties at night perimented with. purse open and conveniently placed by a I carried it in my purse. But I was in such Our lawmen must be unhandcuffed­ lighted lamp. the jewelry spread out on the constant terror that I'd inadvertently empty our judges must be made to see and feel bureau, the antique Korean chest unlocked, some movie theater or pollute the mousse the fear that exists in a free society so it wouldn't be necessary to hack at it with at the French Embassy, that I finally had to without law and order. an axe to discover it was full of nothing but give it up. It seems to me that if you carry For certain, we could have some mod­ old tablecloths. It always reminded me of a gun, at the speed of the usual scenario eration. We have tried it the route of the those snacks we used to leave out for Santa you'll be lucky if all you do ls shoot yourself social mechanics and not only have they Claus on Christmas Eve when we were chil­ in the foot. dren. Unless you want the police to think you're failed-matters have become worse. We In the New Southwest, where I now live, I a boob, you should start training yourself need something new and revolutionary­ inhabit a cement box. It would take a block to remember what the man with his foot like arrests, quick trials, and, if guilty, and tackle a.nd pitons to climb to my win­ on your windpipe looks like. This requires imprisonment and in some instances "at dows and I've added a police-approved drop­ as much mental discipline as Black Belt hard labor." bolt second lock to the door. The manage­ Judo-which it would be a good idea to take Mr. Speaker, I insert Miss Chamber­ ment requires a key, but I have to assume up, by the way. The unschooled mind focuses lin's column from the January 13 Wash­ they aren't passing out samples in the neigh­ on useless irrelevancies, like survival, which ington Post: borhood. As the new Prime Minister of Can­ is no help to the police. In vain have I ada says. "You've got to believe somebody." studied the etiquette for these occasions. REFLECTIONS ON THE CITY There's just the matter of shopping. They When my turn came I fought for my wallet. (By Anne Chamberlin} run a pretty taut ship at Peoples Drug, where I had the absurd conviction that it was I was reflecting the other evening, as I there are often two cops with guns patrolling my money. My mother gave me the wallet scraped the pavement out of my left knee­ the candy counter and a squad car outside last Christmas and, idiotically I even wanted cap, took inventory of my bruises and reas­ with the motor running. But for the younger to hang onto that. sembled my groceries, that you newcomers set, not big enough for wallet-snatching, the The policeman knew the trails across the moving to Washington this January have a Safeway is a razzle-dazzle-year-round smor­ No-Man's Land between the lighted high­ lot more to consider in selecting a place to gasbord party. The first course is usually rises and the dark brick shanties with the live than they did, say, the year Mr. Nixon fruit-a few grapes here, an apple, orange or broken bottles and beer cans in the yard didn't quite make it. banana there. At this season it's pomegran­ like the inside of his pocket. It was hor­ I should perhaps explain that my knee got ates. Around the store it's sip and munch as hibly dark and God-forsaken, and it seemed scraped when I was thrown to the ground you go. Pit, skin, pith, core, seeds or empty to me, as he spotted the foursome crossing by four teen-age toughs who had followed Pepsi cans get spat or tossed into the bins a vacant lot, stopped the car and got out, me home from the market. The bruise above with the frozen broccoli. Sometimes the that we were edging into a bad Clint East­ my mouth was from the heavy glove which pomegranates fall apart sooner and land wood movie, and I wished I hadn't offered to had stifled my cries for help. My coat pocket among the butter and eggs. One night when come along. was torn loose by their hasty search for my I was there a young man made off with eight "I want to talk to you fellas," he said, as he wallet. My dinner was trampled as they made steaks. When I visited my friend's Cleveland got out. I don't remember that his hand their escape. It happened at 7:15 in the eve- Park Safeway, she remarked, a little louder even brushed his gun. But it was an under­ ning. · than I thought necessary, that it "must seem stood quantity; 536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 They didn't answer. But they moved closer 1864. He was the baby of slave parents who apart. It was, as people put it, exciting to to the car, slowly raised their hands, and worked on the plantation of Moses Carver. His hear the news of his progress. He found that leaned forward against it, their chins on the mother was Mary Carver, and she was kid­ the peanut had unlocked its mysteries to roof, while he ran his hands down their napped one night with her baby, but George his hands. sides. I gathered they'd had this conversa­ was bought back by trading a three hundred In January of 1921, Carver came out of tion before. dollar racehorse. Moses Carver's wife, Susan, his workshop. The President of the United I'd seen it before myself. Once outside a took care of the child since that night be­ States called him to go to Washington and Safeway on P Street (that one of my friends cause his mother had been killed. show his work to the Congressmen. He ar­ affectionately calls The Addicts' Safeway.) As a child, George was interested in rocks rived and began his speech that afternoon. Once outside the National Gallery. It's one of and plants, but mostly in plants. He went The Congressmen were surprised to see what our ceremonial sights in Washington, our about his neighborhood almost every day, Carver had done with the peanut. He made local lingua franca, like the mating dance asking his neighbors if they needed their over three hundred possibilities from the of Australian bower birds. sickly plants cured. Of course, most people peanut and one-hundred and seven possi­ I suspect now that they were the ones. But were obliged to his offer and gave their plants bilities from the sweet potato. in the searchlight they looked smaller, even to George. All the townspeople came to know George Washington Carver's fame spread vulnerable. I had to confess I wasn't sure, George as the "plant doctor." 1 nationwide. People knew him as a Negro with and he sent them on their way. George was very feeble in his childhood and white blood. In 1943, Carver died. To honor "I'm sorry this happened to you," he said, most of his life as an adult. His arms and legs his death, eight schools were erected in his closing his black notebook back in the were limber, and he had nimble fingers. honor in this same year. brightly lighted lobby. "It's a horribly upset­ George decided that he wanted to go to BmLIOGRAPHY ting thing." He seemed very young and it was school. He planned to go to Neosho, where a thought I was surprised he'd had time for. there was a colored children's school. George "George Washington Carver," Encyclopedia "If you'd been five seconds sooner ..." hiked eight miles to Neosho. As night came Britannica 1963 edition IV, p. 139. "If I'd seen them," he said, "I'd have shot upon him, George found a barn in which he White, Anne Terry, George Washington them." spent the night. George awoke next morning Carver, The Story of a Great American, New I've tried to stay on the right side of this and found the colored woman who owned the York: Random House, 1953, 176 pages. argument, and on the wrong side of Mayor farm and she invited George to stay with her Parker, Bertha Morris, "George Washing­ Daley. And my Due Process speech was out and her husband, Andy. ton Carver," The Golden Book Encyclopedia, before you could say Gideon v. Florida. But When George decided he was eligible to go 1960 edition III, p. 268-9. to be honest, I was only being polite. The to college, he chose Simpson College in In­ thought of that foursome lying in traction in dianola, Iowa. There he was taught a.rt and D.C. General didn't bother m"' one bit. worked as a laundryman. His art teacher, That's the problem, you will find. Prin­ Miss Budd, told George of an agricultural BLACK ACTION, INC. ciples so nobly held as abstractions seem to school in Ai:p.es, Iowa directed by her father. evaporate in the crunch. George learned of a family which was going I remember, at my friend's funeral, the to move to that vicinity. He joined the party, HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD diffi.culty I had in digesting the comfort of­ and two days later arrived in Ames. George OF PENNSYLVANIA fered by the man who brought God's Word to had made his money for his tuition for Iowa. us across her casket: State Agricultural School. George was assist­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We must pray for the poor man who mur­ ant Botanist for Professor Wilson. He worked Monday, January 13, 1969 dered her. at the greenhouse in the Experiment Station. The message seemed to imply that it was At last, he was happy. Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, as a somehow her fault for being alive, talented, One day, George received a telegram from lifelong resident of Pittsburgh and the beautiful and vaguely apart. You might call Tuskegee College in Alabama. George went city's Representative in Congress, I have it class. She got her breaks by birth. Now give to Professor Wilson for permission to leave always been proud of the initiative of the Little Fellow his chance. Iowa. State. His plea being granted, George Pittsburghers in dealing with their city's The same unspoken thread seemed to un­ took the train to Tuskegee the following day. derlie the defense of the man accused. "This problems. On this train ride, George saw the fields of The most famous example, of course, little man," his lawyer kept calling him. His cotton which had been planted. It was Octo­ circumstances were punishment enough. So­ ber, and the slaves picked cotton. George is the continuing Pittsburgh renaissance, ciety should not infiict any more. The argu­ knew that the South would be poorer the which has rebuilt entire sections of the ment, I was later told, broke along those lines next year than they had been before. He saw city and cleared the smoke from its skies. in the Jury Room. He was acquitted. that the soil was poor because "King Cotton" But there are other, less conspicuous So, if you run into trouble with your had ruled too long.2 He said that he was going examples of Pittsburghers at work for responses, you're not the only one. It will to cure the land. take a lot more practice for all of us before their city, one of which I would like to we learn to serve gracefully as vehicles for George arrived at Tuskegee and was be­ bring to the attention of my colleagues. self-expression in a language that is so un­ friended by Booker T. Washington. He had a Black Action, Inc., organized in the conference with him and asked him if he fam111ar to us. could build an Experiment Station such as Manchester area of Pittsburgh by the Well, I didn't mean to ramble. I only meant the one at Iowa. State. He was granted per­ residents of that area, has been working to say Welcome to your new neighborhood, mission and he set to work with his thirteen without fanfare and so far without any wherever it is. And Lots of Luck. students who were in his classroom. When public assistance to overcome one of the the building was finished, George furnished most vicious problems of the commu­ the room with scrap metal and boxes for nity-youthful narcotics addiction. Black chairs and tables. George was pleased with Action's success so far-the treatment of GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER his work. 25 users and a decline in street crime-­ Carver began a garden in the dump which he cleared and he grew watermelon vines, is remarkable. HON. GEORGE H. MAHON pumpkin vines, tomatoes and other fruit Under leave to extend my remarks, I OF TEXAS vines and crops. Carver had successfully insert a commentary on Black Action, transferred a dump into a garden. Inc., broadcast by Dave Kelly, of Pitts­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Carver was right when he had said that the burgh's WIIC-TV, on Thursday, Octo­ Monday, January 13, 1969 cotton crop fortune would fall. The farmers ber 24, 1968: were very poor. Carver also learned that the BLACK ACTION, INC. Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, under leave Mexican boll weevil was raiding the South. to extend my remarks, I am pleased to He told the farmers to plant peanuts and In the midst of the turmoil that the city present for insertion in the RECORD the sweet potatoes which they did after some of Pittsburgh is undergoing ... there is, at essay written by Dean Rucker, a student least, one group here quietly at work with arguments that cotton would be better the very little except dedication and some goals at Trinity School, Midland, Tex. Dean's next year. that will benefit the entire community. The essay won first place honors in the sev­ Peanuts were the best crop the South had group calls itself Black Action Incorporated enth grade division of the American His­ ever owned. They were full of good because and its members are residents of Manchester tory Month essay contest sponsored by they strengthened the soil by putting nitro­ who have tired of the blight and decay that the Texas Society, Daughters of the gen into it. People were healthy once again. affects their community. What they are do­ American Revolution: The essay follows: In 1920, Carver began to take the peanut ing is a good lesson for all of us . . . whether we live in the city or the suburbs because GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER 1 "George Washington Carver," Encyclope­ this is a prime example of people taking an (By Dean Rucker) dia Britannica, 1963 edition, IV, p. 139. Interest in other people and a community. -One of the greatest Americans known is 'Anne Terry White, George Washington The area in which Black Action is working George Washington Carver. Carver was born Carver, The Story of a Great American (New involv~s the Manchester district and the in. Diamond Grove, Missouri, . in January of York: Random House, 1953) p. 93. central North Side with a population of al- January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 537 most thirty thousand . . . a good sized cl ty dustry and every portio:.i of the news media fitness for use. The second is that the con­ just by itself. Most of the residents are black. had its horror stories to tell. To come here suiner needs and deserves the aid of a gov­ Approximately thirty per cent of them ... and tell our own would still provide no an­ ernment agency in dealing with his problems ten thousand ... have incomes under three swers to the two basic qtlestions: Should the with the automobile manufacturer. In this thousand dollars a year. More than half of government do something to end the situa­ testimony, we suggest that the Federal Trade the housing ls dilapidated or deteriorating. tion? What should and could be done? Commission be that government agency. We The lllegitimate birth rate amounts to 300 Our own case histories document the Fed­ do so in order to be consistent with our pre­ per one thousand live births and of those eral Trade Commission's Staff Report. We vious testimony. If you will recall, we ap­ one thousand babies, one in ten dies at birth. will, of course, be happy to make them avail­ peared before you in December to recom­ The problems of Manchester are so great able to you. In our testimony today, how­ mend the establishment of a Federal Depart­ and so widespread that they defy imagina­ ever, we would prefer to briefly state some ment of Consumer Affairs. We recommended tion when it comes to picking the place to of the problems and then offer our sugges­ further that the I'ederal Trade Commission start to cure some of the ills. But there are tions for what the Federal Government be incorporated into that Federal Department concerned citizens there ... just as there should and could do about them. First, the of Consumer Affairs. Since, at this time, there are concerned citizens in many communities. problems: has not yet been established such a depart­ So Black Action was started by a few of THE PROBLEMS - ment, we are suggesting that the powers them, with practically no funds, and when The express warranty of the new car manu­ which would ordinarily be delegated to the they selected the primary target for a cure facturer is designed to limit his llability­ Secretary of such a department be delegated they chose the problem of narcotics. not to protect the buyer. It is the manu­ instead to the Federal Trade Commission. In this area it ls not unusual to find 13 facturer's advertising that has made it seem As I am sure you are all well aware, the and 14 year old children who are drug otherwise to the consumer. So-called liberal­ Uniform Commercial Code which has been users . . . hard drugs like heroin. Pushers ization of the warranty has been a cover up adopted by many of the states contains the moved in last spring and the group was for increased production schedules which concept of the implied warranty of mer­ aware of at least one hundred and twenty render careful assembly and close inspection chantability. Unfortunately, this concept as five users when they launched their cam­ impossible. It has also been the fodder for embodied in state law has been of relatively paign. They found a doctor ... a physi­ a propaganda battle between manufacturers little aid to the consumer in his dealings with cian . . . named Charles Burks who is black designed to convince the buyer that one the automobile manufacturers. The major and ls on the staff of St. John's Hospital. Dr. product is superior to another. problem has been the need to undergo Burks volunteered his time ... all 24 hours What must be remembered ls that while lengthy and costly legal proceedings in order of it ... and St. John's volunteered some warranty competition between manufac­ to establish your position under this law. beds for the victims and they started to work. turers may cause a consumer to choose one Too, some states have held that the manufac­ One result has been the treatment of some automobile over another, the fact remains turers' express warranty may be used in lieu 25 users, a decrease in street crimes and some that the need of the average American for of the implied warranty of merchantability. jobs for those who were among the first to a car forces him to make that choice. What It is this first problem that we would address be rehabilitated. It should be noted that no the consumer needs is not merely a more ourselves to. The purpose of the implied war­ tax dollars, no public funds have been forth­ understandable warranty but protection ranty of merchantability is the protection coming so far. But the work ls going on and against an industry-wide system that gives of the buyer from unsafe and defective prod­ some good is coming of it. And that, I think, him no recourse against giant manufacturers ucts. The purpose of a manufacturer's ex­ is a fine example of what can be done when whose product is frequently defective and press warranty, on the other hand, is the people of good will tackle a problem. unsafe. limitation of the manufacturers' liability for What we will propose therefore is a gov­ defects. It is our understanding that the ernment enforced transmutation of the ex­ implied warranty and the express warranty press warranty from a limitation of the man­ are actually mutually exclusive. We are NEW CAR WARRANTIES ufacturers' liability to the safeguard of the happy to note that several court decisions, consumer that the manufacturers' advertis­ most notably in Florida and Tennessee, have ing has made it seem. ruled that the manufacturers' express war­ HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER Other warranty problems are all corollaries ranty may not be in lieu of the implied of this central problem. The complaint.s warranty. OF NEW JERSEY The heart of our proposed solution is a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heard most frequently are: 1. The language of the manufacturers' ex­ Federal statute imposing and enforcing a Monday, January 13, 1969 press warranty ls so vague and legalistic that broadened concept of the implied warranty of the consumer has no understanding of what merchantability on new automobiles sold in Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, our is actually covered by the warranty. interstate commerce. This statute should former distinguished and very able col­ 2. The manufacturer issuing the express provide that the manufacturer may not ex­ league, Paul Krebs, of New Jersey, is now warranty is also the sole judge and jury of clude himself from this implied warranty doing an outstanding job as the execu­ whether or not his warranty should apply. either through his express warranty or by using the words "as is." We propose that it be tive director of the New Jersey Office It seems to the average consumer that the manufacturer almost always resolves the left to the Federal Trade Commission to es­ of Consumer Protection. He appeared be­ tablish regulations for the administration of fore the Federal Trade Commission to­ matter in his own favor. The manufacturer is, of course, in a greatly superior position this provision. day to discuss the subject of new car to that of the consumer and is more able We recommend further that the act con· warranties. I believe this House should to deal with such problems than he. tain language such as the following: "The have the benefit of his thinking. I there­ 3. The consumer's only recourse wheu the act, use or employment by any person of any deception. fraud, false pretense, false prom­ RECORD: manufacturer fails to make needed repairs is fore insert his statement in the ise, misrepresentation, or the knowing, con­ TESTIMONY OF PAUL J. KREBS, ExECUTIVE DI­ to start a long and expensive court battle. Such a court battle not only involves time cealment, suppression, or omission, in con­ RECTOR, :::~EW JERSEY STATE OFFICE OF CON­ nection with the sale or advertisement of SUMER PROTECTION, BEFORE THE FEDERAL and expense but places the individual con­ sumer in the position of having to do battle any automobile sold in interstate commerce TRADE COMMISSION, JANUARY 9, 1969, ON or with the subsequent performance of such THE SUBJECT OF NEW CAR WARRANTIES with his greatly more resourceful superior. 4. Defects are not corrected after repeated person as aforesaid is declared to be an un­ Gentlemen, I thank you for the opportu- returns to the dealer; or the car is so defec­ lawful practice." nity to appear before you today on behalf of tive many, many repairs of differing kinds Similar language in the New Jersey stat­ the consumers of New Jersey. As the Direc­ must be made. utes has been interpreted as pertaining to a tor of a functional State Agency concerned 5. The manufacturer only has to replace warranty or guarantee. It is held that a war­ with the problems and protection of the parts even when the defect has caused the ranty is a promise of performance that is consumer, I frequently appear before State entire automobile to become useless or dan- - relied upon by the purchaser when deter­ and Federal bodies in order to document the gerous. mining whether or not to buy. If such prom­ consumer's problems. I usually use case his­ The consumer appears not to be alone in ise ls not fulfilled (subsequent performance), tories in order to do :-o. the seller is found to be in violation of the In preparation for my testimony here to­ his problems with the giant manufacturers of the automobile industry. The franchised statute. We reoommend that the Federal day, I asked my staff to select new car war­ dealer, too, has his problems. Most common Trade Commission be given the authority to ranty cases that would clearly picture our ex­ amongst dealer complaints are ( 1) that they enforce this statute administratively and to perience in this area. Our staff members each cannot get the parts needed for repair; (2) impose penalties for violation of the statute. had at least a dozen cases to cite. We dis­ that the manufacturer allows little time or We would suggest a penalty of $1,000 for a cussed these almost 200 current cases. We also money for making an automobile ready for first offense and $5,000 for subsequent reviewed the reports of your own and other delivery and (3) that they are inadequately offenses. staffs as well as recent articles in the news­ compensated for warranty repairs. We recommend further that the Federal papers and magazines and testimony gath­ Trade Commission be empowered to estab­ ered at other hearings in this field. A SUGGESTED SOLUTION lish regional bodies for compulsory arbitra­ It soon became evident that the problems The solution that we propose hinges on tion of warranty disputes. This will prevent were all too well known. Every car buyer, two main points. The first is the concept of the present situation wherein the manufac­ every ·organization concerned with the in- implied warranty of merchantability and turer issuing the warranty is the sole judge 538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 a.nd jury of whether that warranty shall manufacturers is an industry-wide system portant work being done by the agency, apply. The purpose of this recommendation which effects not only the consumer but the which I would like to bring to the atten­ is to provide the American automobile pur­ franchised dealer as well. To base recom­ chaser with a federal administrative agency mendations for new legislation on the prem­ tion of my colleagues. to which he can bring his new car warranty ise and philosophy of the express warranty The article discusses Murphy's evalu­ problems and to enable him to deal with the would be to render limited aid to the con­ ation of the Nation's crime problems and automobile manufacturer as if he were an sumer himself. The entire concept of new car recounts some of his innovative propos­ equal and not an inferior. The regional bod­ warranties is what needs correction. We feel als to make law enforcement really effec­ ies should be empowered. to hear any case in this correction can be accomplished only tive. which the consumer believes the manufac­ through the imposition and enforcement of I include the article by Times reporter turer is unlawfully denying liability. Spe­ a broadened implied warranty of merchanta­ cifically excluded, however, should be those bility concept. We have not denied to the David Burnham in the RECORD as part of cases where the consumer is seeking com­ manufacturer his option for specific, express my remarks: pensation for injuries or other loss sustained warranties. We have only prevented him from HEAD OF NEW U.S. CRIME AGENCY SEES HUGE by reason of defective or unsafe products. limiting his liab111ty in such a manner as to TASK At the present time, the manufacturers render harm to the public good. The manu­ (By David Burnham) limit their liability to the replacement of facturers may continue their advertising bat­ WASHINGTON.-The police, courts and cor­ defective parts. We would recommend that tle to attract the attention of the prospective rectional agencies of the United States are this limitation be circumvented by the re­ buyer; but with the safeguards of his legis­ "shot through with inefficiency and failure," gional arbitration bodies in those cases where lation, each buyer would have the comfort­ a,ccording to Patrick V. Murphy, first direc­ the product appears to have been in such ing knowledge that at least a minimum of tor of a new Federal program to improve unsafe or defective condition as to prevent protection against unsafe and defective auto­ these units' ab111ty to control crime. satisfactory repair. It should be left to the mobiles will be afforded to him through the "We are not preventing enough crime, we discretion of the arbitration agency to set aid of government agencies. are not apprehending enough criminals, we standards for the number of repeated. at­ Not only have we changed the concept of are not rehabilitating enough offenders," said tempts at repair which may be reasonably and warranty but, in certain specific situations, Mr. Murphy, who began his law enforcement conscionably required by the manufacturer we have changed the concept of dealer from career walking a beat with pistol and billy before such replacement is granted to the one of agent to that of consumer. No longer stick in the Red Hook section of Brooklyn consumer. will the dealer have to be the man in the 23 years ago. We wish at this time to address ourselves middle, refused aid from the manufacturer Now armed with $63-million in Federal to some of the problems which we described who granted him his franchise and besieged aid for the tens of thousands of local and as corollary to the central problem of pro­ by the consumer who considers him to be at state criminal justice agencies, Mr. Murphy viding the consumer with protection against fault for automobiles not prepared for de­ has begun the task of breathing life into the this system. Number one in our discussion livery or not repaired properly. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, of those problems was the language and Under this proposal, the Federal Trade created by Congress last spring with the Om­ wording of the manufacturers• express war­ Commission wm be given many new and im­ nibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act ranty. We have carefully studied the pro­ portant responsibilities. It will become the of 1968. visions of a bill introduced by Senators Carl consumers' watchdog with power to admin­ THREE ENTITIES VISITED Hayden and Warren Magnuson on Decem­ ister sanctions for failure of the manufac­ ber 6, 1967 under bill No. S-2727. We should turer to comply with federal law. In the es­ A slim, gray-haired, plain-spoken man, Mr. like to recommend to you Section 4 of that tablishment of the regional arbitration agen­ Murphy discussed crime in America in a bill which prescribes warranty standards. cies a section of the Federal Trade Commis­ recent interview during which he visited a You will note that the Hayden-Magnuson sion will become the vehicle for settlement of Washington precinct house, courtroom and Bill leaves much to the discretion of the legitimate consumer complaints against the prison-the three entities charged with deal­ regulatory agency, which was in that case automobile manufacturer. ing with the problem. the Commerce Department. We, of course, We recognize that this proposal, although "It seems pretty clear there is more crime a.re recommending that the administration with adequate precedent, is a radical depar­ today than there was 10 or 20 years ago," Mr. of these warranty standards be placed in ture from present law. We wlll therefore not Murphy said as he looked a.t the modern burden you with any extraneous remarks and blue-tile, red-brick 13th Precinct house in the hands of the Federal Trade Commission. the middle of one of Washington's poorest I am sure that it is not necessary for me will close our testimony by urging that the neighborhoods. to read the language of this section of Federal Trade Commission support the adop­ S-2727 but I should like to call your special tion of this proposed legislation by the Con­ It was in this precinct house that Mr. Mur­ gress of the United States. phy-then serving as Public Safty Director attention to that portion which includes of Washington-established. his field head­ provision for the adjustment and settlement quarters during the riot that followed the of warranty cases by arbitration. assassination of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther The second and third problems delineated King Jr. last April 4. in our listing of corollary situations are the AN EFFECTIVE CRIME FIGHTER "A good part of this crime increase, of manufacturer's judgment of his own war­ course, is the result of better reporting," he ranty and the consumers• limited. recourse to continued. "When I was a rookie in the 72d lengthy legal proceedings. We believe that HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Precinct in Brooklyn, no police commander these two corollary problems will be OF CALIFORNIA worth his salt would admit he couldn't con­ answered by the establishmeillt of the re­ trol crime and he proved it by controlling gional arbitration bodies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crime statistics. Numbers four and five in our list were Monday, January 13, 1969 "Now this attitude has changed, partly be­ the problems of defects not being corrected cause the press and public have realistically after repeated. returns to the dealer and Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, few men come to understand that a handful of men manufacturer liability limited to replace­ have presented a more penetrating anal­ assigned to a precinct house never have been ment of defective parts. This too we would ysis of the challenge of law enforcement able to really control the crime that occurs feel is answered by the powers given to the in the ghetto than did Patrick V. Mur­ in the surrounding blocks." regional arbitration agencies. The last section of the act must deal with phy before the National Advisory Com­ ON STREETS, IN REPORTS the problems of the franchised dealers who mission on Civil Disorders, on which I Despite this basic change in attitudes, Mr. frequently are as powerless as the consumer served. Murphy is convinced· that the increase in in their dealings with the automobile manu­ Murphy, then Assistant Director of crime has occurred on the streets as well as facturer. We would recommend that the Law Enforcement, U.S. Department of in the reports. dealer be considered a consumer in two Justice, spoke with intelligence and sen­ "I suppose the basic reason is the chang­ specified limited situations: to wit: (1) the sitivity of the many-faceted role of the ing make-up of our cities-the fiight of the situation wherein the dealer is unable to policeman. His excellent testimony paved middle class arid the arrival of large numbers serve his customer by obtaining adequate ma­ of poor, badly educated migrants from the terials and compensation for labor in pre­ the way for several of the recommenda­ South," he said. paring an automobile for initial delivery, tions which the Commission adopted in Mr. Murphy conceded that reducing crime (2) the situation wherein the dealer cannot its report. would be extremely difficult. obtain the proper materials or receive ade­ Today, under Murphy's direction, the "I feel we have to expect a lot of crime quate compensation for labor required in recently created Law Enforcement As­ when we have the social problems we have," warranty repairs. In these limited factual sistance Administration is moving swift­ he said. "We must not only understand and patterns, the dealer will have the same re­ ly in a coordinated program with all 50 remove the underlying causes of crime, we course as that afforded to the consumer States to help improve police depart­ must strengthen and reform our entire sys­ through the regional &.rbitration bodies. tem of criminal justice. It is not a question What we have attempted to do in our pro­ ments, the courts, and prison systems in of either-or and it is not going to be done posal is to consider the new car warranty every part of the country. overnight." problem in its broadest possible aspect. The The New York Times recently pub".' As he walked into Washington's 13th express new car warranty of the automobile lished an interesting appraisal of the im- Precinct house and was greeted by many of January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 539 the policemen coming on duty, he said that ceive more public support. That is why we The report from Asian diplomats in Paris improving police performance was not just are providing $6.5-million for scholarships followed information from diplomatic a matter of adding more men. for them." sources in London that Peking was now by­ "The police today aren't sufficiently BE LIKES THE J'OB passing Hanoi and dealing directly with the trained, they aren't adequately educated and Although it is not known whether Presi­ Viet Cong in South Vietnam in an attempt they clearly aren't doing enough research dent-elect Richard M. Nixon will reappoint to press its hard line agatimt the United into problems like improving patrol tac­ Mr. Murphy, a Democrat, the official and he States. tics," he said. considered it too important an issue to be MAIN SUPPLIER Mr. Murphy, pulling his ear lobe in a treated in a partisan manner and that he Communist China has been one of the characteristic gesture, noted that as cities would like to continue developing the Fed­ main suppliers of weapons and material to around the country had begun to increase eral response to the crime problem. Hanoi and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam police salaries they had not pressed for high­ "There has been much too little scientific war and has steadfastly denounced the talks er police standards. research on the problems of crime and law in Paris as a "trick" by American "imperial­ "Every time salaries go up," he said, "en­ enforcement," he said. "That is why we will ists." trance and promotion standards ought to go provide $3-million for research and develop­ Other diplomats in Paris said there would up, too." ment projects ranging from an evaluation of likely be little substantive negotiating in the Mr. Murphy was born 48 years ago in the effect of violence in the media to the ef­ coming weeks in Paris becau!:;e of the change Brooklyn, the son of a Brooklyn patrolman. fectiveness of nonlethal weapons. in command in the U.S. negotiating team He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in so­ "There is such a great need to begin im­ following the inauguration of Richard Nixon. cial studies from St. John's and a Master of plementing the improvements developed by Arts degree in public administration from the crime-coordinating groups in the the City University of New York. states and cities, that during the present HELD VARIOUS POSTS fl.seal year we are providing $29-million in . A REMARKABLE RECORD Mr. Murphy was a deputy chief inspector action funds during the year. They will be in the New York City Police Department and used for a broad range of anticrime efforts served as commanding officer of the Police such as the development of organized crime squads and for higher pay for the police. HON. E. Y. BERRY Academy and the Police Commissioner's Spe­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA cial Inspection Squad. He was also the Chief "The response of the states has been en­ of Police in Syracuse. The father of eight, thusiastic. All have applied for their full share IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES including a son who was badly wounded in of planning funds. This is important because Monday, January 13, 1969 Vietnam, Mr. Murphy was in the Justice De­ it means that for the first time in our his­ partment and served as public safety direc­ tory a coordinated campaign against crime Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, one of our tor of Washington before his interim ap­ has been begun on a national scale. former colleagues, Senator KARL MUNDT, pointment by President Johnson last October "We have only just started but I believe has completed 30 years of service in the as director of the new agency. it is a promising start." U.S. Congress. We in South Dakota are "The problem isn't just the police," he justifiably proud of his outstanding rec­ said in a low voice while a preliminary hear­ ing ensued on a mugging case in Washing­ ord of accomplishments. ton's Court of General Sessions. CHINESE REDS WANT A YALTA The following editorial, which was "Between July 1, 1967, and June 30, 1968, printed in the Black Hills Press, Sturgis, 130 individuals arrested for robbery in Wash­ S. Dak., is a fine tribute to a great ington were released on bail pending trial. American. It is entitled, "A Remarkable Forty-five of these defendants-34.6 per cent HON. JOHN R. RARICK Record." OF LOUISIANA of them-were indicted again on a felony A REMARKABLE RECORD charge while waiting trial. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thirty years in the U.S. Congress! "Many holdup men might be deterred from Monday, January 13, 1969 That's the impressive milestone reached future criminal action if they believed our this month by Senator Karl Mundt of South criminal justice system was swift and sure. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, indications Dakota. The record includes five terms in the I don't know anyone who believes that to­ from Paris are that the Communist Chi­ U.S. House of Representatives and four day. nese want a voice in Vietnam settle­ terms in the Senate where he is now ranking "A solution to this crisis will be difficult. Republican on the Government Operations More judges and prosecutors, at best, pro­ ment-as if they do not now have with the Hanoi and National Liberation Committee and the Special Investigating vide only a partial remedy. We must develop Sub-committee. new skills in management and we must uti­ Fronts. In addition, South Dakota's senior senator lize technological advances in order to provide Could it not be anticipated that they is the second ranking Republican on the prompt, fair trials." expect a deal similar to that given the powerful Appropriations and Foreign Rela­ Mr. Murphy left the court and drove to Russians at Yalta-give them their share tions committees. He has been a strong and the District of Columbia's prison, a massive of the World-all of the Orient-so they consistent booster of President-elect Richard high-wall structure that was built in 1872 Nixon ever since their leadership roles in for 692 prisoners. It now holds 1,075. have more bases of operation to continue their subversion against the United Congressional investigative matters, and he "Our jails and prisons problably are what is certain 1io have a big voice in the conduct the public is least interested in when they States and allies in the Orient. of new national administration. think about crime," he said. I include an article from the Wash­ Most of Mundt's Congressional service has "But the effectiveness of the correctional ington Daily News of January 11, 1969, been carried out while Democrat presidents system is crucial to the control of crime. Pres­ following my remarks: were in the White House. Congress has been ent estimates are that 50 per cent of the CHINA TAKING HAND IN PEACE MOVES: THE controlled by the Democrats during most of offenders are repeaters. If only a small per­ Mundt's service there too. Nevertheless, Sen. centage of these could be restored to society TALKING PARIS, January 11.-Asian diplomatic Mundt has achieved a remarkable record of as responsible citizens, the crime rate would accomplishment for the state and nation drop significantly." sources said today Communist China wants to have a voice in any settlement of the Viet­ during his lengthy career in Washington. The FffiST-YEAR BUDGET nam war and will broach the subject when fact that he has been re-elected so often is He said that crime was such a complicated Chinese and American ambassadorts meet in testimony that the people of South Dakota problem "that the new Federal effort to help Warsaw next month. have appreciated his many years of good the states will not be felt overnight." The meeting, requested by Peking to dis­ work. The voters can expect that he will be "Our first-year budget is $63-million, only cuss possible "coexistence" between America even more useful in the years immediately about 1 per cent of the annual estimated and China, has been scheduled for Feb. 20. ahead with such a good friend as Nixon in operating cost of all the police departments, The Al3ian diplomats said Peking is once the White House. courts and correctional agencies in the United again taking an active interest in foreign "A fair chance for a free people" has been States," he said. affairs now that its cultural revolution power the theme of Sen. Mundt's service ever since "But I am convinced the criminal justice struggle and purge has subsided and would entering Congress and he has consistently system can be revitalized so that it really like to be a partner to any definite settle­ fought for that principle. "There are more does deter crime, apprehend criminals and ment in Southeast Asia. restrictions upon the individual citizen than correct offenders. I would like to see," commented Sen. Mundt "The anticrime effort in each state is so WEST INTERESTED in reviewing his 30 years in Congress. "Per­ badly fragmented that nowhere is the crimi­ Diplomatic quarters in Paris said the West haps we can never break away completely nal justice system operating as a system. That may want Red China to underwrite any final from the idea that centralized government in is why we are providing the states, cities and peace agreement which, the diplomatt:J said, Washington is the best vehicle for progress, counties $19-million to develop coordinated would include not only the future of Viet­ but I would hope that we can move more in crime-fighting plans. nam but also of Laos and other neighboring the direction of enlisting and placing respon­ "Law enforcement officers with a college countries directly affected by the Vietnam sibility upon our local and state government education will be more effective and will re- war. entities in resolving many of our probleuis." 540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 "I am not call1ng for an abdication of re­ Federal assistance represents a major ob­ cooperation among Federal agencies to in­ sponsibility by the federal government," stacle to ( 1) the effective use of Federal sure the maximum degree of consistency in Mundt added, "but I do believe we have not assistance by State and local governments governmental actions. taken advantage of the tremendous talents and institutions, and (2) the effective legis­ (3) Appraise the current status of admin­ we have available among our people in the lating on the part of Congress in evaluating istrative management in the executive states. plus the fact that through the present existing programs and developing new ones. branch and its individual departments, tax structure we have greatly limited the ( c) The Congress further finds and de­ agencies, bureaus, boards, commissions, in­ ability of local entities to resolve certain clares that in order to promote the efficient dependent establishments, and other organi­ problems by limiting their resources and management and improved coordination es­ zations with a view to proposing reforms and r.oncentrating far too much tax revenue un­ sential to the economical administration of new procedures, techniques, and facilities der the control of the federal government." governmental services and to assure that which will improve the conduct of Govern­ There has been a tendency for most Ameri­ program expenditures and performance are ment service; cans to look to Washington for solutions and consistent with the policies established by (4) Consider, evaluate, and make recom­ cash for local problems and projects through­ the Congress, a commission to review the mendations regarding criteria, systems, and out recent years. We agree with Sen. Mundt organization, operation, and management of procedures for the: (a) establishment of that the people in the states can best handle the executive branch should be established. priorities among Federal programs; (b) con­ their own affairs if the government gives COMMISSION ESTABLISHED solidation and redirection of those programs; them the opportunity to do it, and leaves SEC. 3. (a) For the purpose of carrying and (c) reduction or elimination of those them enough of their own tax dollars for it. out the policy set forth in section 2 of this which are of marginal utility or which are It ts to be hoped that a trend in that direc­ Act, there is hereby established a commis­ unnecessary; tion will develop during Sen. Mundt's re­ sion tO be known as the Commission on the (5) Evaluate the effect of Federal assist­ maining years in the service of his state and Reorganization and Management of the Ex­ ance programs and activities upon the inter­ country. ecutive Branch (r.eferred to hereinafter as relationship of Federal, State, and local gov­ Meanwhile, we congratulate the senior the "Commission") . The Commission shall ernments; senator for his distinguished career in public be composed of eight members; four ap­ (6) Consider and make recommendations service and wish him even greater success in pointed by the President of the United on ways to simplify Federal programs and the years ahead. States, two from the executive branch of the services through utllization of a mixture of Government and two from private life; two categorical grants-in-aid, block grants result­ appointed by the President of the Senate ing from consolidations of existing specific from the membership of the Senate; two grants-in-aid, and general support payments; and CONGRESSMAN PICKLE'S FEDERAL­ appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives from the membership of the (7) Evaluate the merits of administering STATE PARTNERSHIP BILL House. The Commission shall elect a Chair­ through a single State agency for each State man and a Vice Chairman from among its all Federal aid programs which benefit a gen­ members. eral functional area. HON. J. J. PICKLE (b) Five members of the Commission (b) The Commission shall submit an in­ OF TEXAS shall constitute a quorum. A vacancy in the terim report to the Congress one year after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES membership of the Commission shall not the date of its appointment and at such affect its powers, but shall be filled in the other times as the Commission may feel Monday, January 13, 1969 same manner in which the original appoint­ necessary or desirable and shall complete its Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, last year, ment was made. study and investigation no later than two I introduced a bill concerning Federal­ (c) Members of the Commission appointed years after the date of its appointment. State relations and the organization and from private life shall represent equally the Within sixty days after the completion of majority and minority parties; with respect such study and investigation the Commis­ management of the executive branch. to members of the Commission appointed sion shall transmit to the Congress a report I presently am preparing the bill for from the House of Representatives and the of its findings and recommendations. Upon reintroduction, and in order to inform Senate, there shall be a Representative and a the transmission of such report, the Commis­ my colleagues of the backgrounu of this Senator from the majority party and one sion shall cease to exist. measure, I ask unanimous consent that each from the minority party. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION the bill and the remarks be reprinted (d) Members of the Commission ap­ SEC. 5. (a) The Commission shall have at this point in the RECORD: pointed from private life shall receive com­ power to appoint and fix the compensation of pensation at the rate of $100 per diem when H.R. 19655 the Executive Director and other personnel engaged in the actual performance of duties as it deems advisable, without regard to the A b111 to establish a commission to study the of the Commission. Members of the Commis­ organization, operation, and management provisions of title 5, United States Code, gov­ sion who are Members of Congress or officers erning appointments in the competitive serv­ of the executive branch of the Govern­ of the executive branch of the Government ment, and to recommend changes nec­ ice, and the provisions of chapter 51 and sub­ shall serve without compensation in addi­ chapter III of chapter 53 of such title relat­ essary or desirable in the interest of gov­ tion to that received for their services as ernmental efficiency and economy ing to classification and General Schedule Members of Congress or officers of the execu­ pay rates. tive branch. All members of the Commission Be it enacted by the Senate and House (b) The Commission may procure tempo­ of Representatives of the United States of shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses actually in­ rary and intermittent services of experts and America in Congress assembled, That this consultants to the same extent as ls au­ Act may be cited as the "Executive Reorga­ curred by them in the performance of the nization and Management Act of 1968". duties of the Commission. thorized for the departments by section 3109 (e) For the purposes of chapter 11, title of title 5, United States Code, but at rates FINDINGS OF FACT AND DECLARATION OF POLICY 18, United States Code, a member of the not to exceed $75 per diem for individuals. SEC. 2. (a) The Congress declares that it ls Commission appointed from private life shall ( c) To carry out the provisions of this Act, the responsibility of the President, in con­ be deemed to be a special Government em­ the Commission, or any duly authorized sub­ formance with policy set forth by Congress, ployee. committee or member thereof, may hold such to administer the executive branch effectively (f) Members of the Commission ap­ hearings; act at such times and places; ad­ and economically, ana. that it is the joint pointed pursuant to this section may con­ minister such oaths; and require, by subpena. responsibiaty of the President and the Con­ tinue to serve during the existence of the or otherwise, the attendance and testimony gress to provide an executive organization Commission. Any member of the Commis­ of such witnesses and the production of such structure which will permit the efficient and sion appointed pursuant to section 3(a) of books, records, correspondence, memoran­ economical discharge of the duties imposed this Act who, at the time of his appoint­ dums, papers, and documents, as the Com­ upon the President by the Constitution. ment, is serving as a Member of Congress mission or such subcommittee or member (b) The Congress finds that there are may continue to serve as a member of the may deem advisable. Subpenas may be issued more than one hundred and fifty depart­ Commission without regard to whether he under the signature of the Chairman of the ments, agencies, boards, commissions, bu­ continues to hold office as a Member of Commission, the chairman of any such sub­ reaus, and other organizations in the execu­ Congress. committee, or any duly designated member, tive branch engaged in performing the and may be served by any person designated functions of government; that such a pro­ DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION by such Chairman, or member. The provi­ liferation of governmental units tends to SEC. 4. (a) It shall be the function of the sions of sections 102 to 104, inclusive, of the produce a lack of coordination between them Commission to- Revised Statutes (U.S.C., title 2, secs. 192- and overlapping, conflict, and duplication of ( 1) Analyze and assess the current or­ 194), shall apply in the case of any failure effort among them; that the Congress and ganization, coordination, and management of any witness to comply with any subpena the President do not have adequate informa­ Of the executive branch and recommend ap­ or to testify when summoned under au­ tion and techniques to determine the best propriate action, modifications, innovations, thority of this section. means of improving the conduct of the pub­ and reorganizations to achieve the purposes (d) To enter into contracts or other agree­ lic business in so many governmental estab­ Of this Act; ments with Federal agencies, private firms, lishments; that the present lack of complete, (2) Consider, evaluate, and make recom­ institutions, and individuals for the conduct accurate, and timely information on the mendations regarding criteria, systems, and of research or surveys. scope, requirement, costs, and availablllty of procedures for improved coordination and ( e) The Commission ls authorized to se- January- 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 541 cure directly from any executive department, tion between governors and the executive should establish a true partnership of ad­ bureau, agency, board, commission, office, in­ branch of the Federal government." ministration with the State governments. I dependent establishment; or instrumentality, The resolution went on to say: have spoken to various groups in Texas about information, suggestion, estimates, 'and "Congress should give formal status to and this partnership theory; I have written news­ statistics for the purpose of this Act; and continue existing Federal-State relations letters to my constituents about groups of each such department, bureau, agency, board, programs." mayors and city managers advocating a commission, office, independent establish­ Some of the States have already estab­ stronger tie with the State government in the ment, or instrumentality is authorized and lished, by executive order or otherwise, agen­ administration of these programs. I have directed to furnish on a nonreimbursable cies or offices on the State level to coordi­ found a general spirit of acceptance and un­ basis such information, suggestions, esti­ nate many or all of the Federal programs. I derstanding. But it is not an easy matter to mates, and statistics directly to the Com­ would hope that this be continued by all of resolve, because it would take the agreement mission, upon request made by the Chairman the States. of the Federal Government, the State gov­ or Vice Chairman. My own State of Texas has also taken the ernments, and inevitably the agreement and initiative, along with nine other States, in understanding of our cities and counties. APPROPRIATIONS establishing an Austin office and a Washing­ The Congress has already acted on some SEC. 6. There are hereby authorized to be ton liaison office to represent all arms of the measures which move in the direction I rec­ appropriated to the Commission such sums State government in its dealings with Wash­ ommened. The Partnership for Health Act of as may be required to carry out the provi­ ington. This kind of rapport should be en­ 1967 removed the old system of strict cate­ sions of this Act. couraged and broadened. gorical grants for health assistance, and uti­ Mr. Speaker, just as the States have laid lized, instead a system by which States are FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP RELATION greater emphasis on Federal-State relations, able to establish their own priorities for com­ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. ALBERT). I believe the Federal Government should also peting health demands. Under a previous order of the House, the do so. I am hopeful that the results of the Part of the success of the partnership-!or­ gentleman from Texas (Mr. PICKLE) is rec­ study called for in this bill will give advice health approach lies in the fact that the ognized for 20 minutes. on the creation of such an office in the Fed­ States have strong, long-established depart­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ eral Government. ments of public health. They have had over ducing a new bill dealing with the organiza­ Perhaps this would be the Office of Emer­ 30 years of experience under a categorical sys­ tion and management of the executive gency Planning or some similar agency. Even tem, and in light of the length and quality of branch, particularly as it affects Federal­ though the President has designated the this apprenticeship, it ls certainly time to re­ State relations. OEP as his liaison with the States, and even linquish some part of the job. While it is true that a number of bills have though some of the States have acted on But the real problem in expanding this been introduced in the House on this gen­ their own, I think it is appropriate that the kind of approach arises when there is no eral subject, I believe several features of this Congress, by statute, clearly define these State governmental agency to assume the bill are of first impression. areas. task. Take, for example, a grant for a water Over the years, I have served in Congress, I commend the President, the OEP, and the or sewer project either with HUD or the I have become increasingly concerned about State Governors for their cooperation, but I Farmers Home Administration. There is no the wide scope of Federal aid programs, and feel it is advisable to go a step further and way, so far as I know, that this application the underlying administration of these pro• . create these agencies by specific legislative could be handled by a comparable State grams. enactment. agency, since there is no such agency now in There are presently a lot of extreme pro­ This problem is one which perplexes many existence. Thus, I feel we should examine the posals dealing with this general issue. To my of our public officials, and this is under­ proposition that possibly. we have reached judgment, it is not a responsible or practical standable. I receive numerous letters from that stage of growth in Federal-State rela­ thing to claim that the Federal Government city and county officials who must virtually tions which calls for the creation of a State or the State government should be ali pow­ stab in the dark in trying to nail down department of Federal information, a State erful. There should be a mixture of power, what aid is available and to whom applica­ department of urban affairs, or a State de­ with a partnership between the levels of tion must be made. partment of commerce. Perhaps the agency government. :i: have noticed that there are increasing at first should be primarily of an informa­ There are some who want to grab a head­ examples of the same kind of assistance be­ tional nature. On the other hand, perhaps line or create prejudice against either the ing available through different Federal agen­ the study recommended in the bill will reveal State or Federal Government about the ad­ cies, with each program having different re­ a more concrete method of administration. ministration of programs, but this is not and quirements and priorities. The resulting The Federal Government could, of course, should not be a party issue. process of making multiple application is give grants or loans to a State government, not only time consuming and wasteful for "with no strings attached." This sounds good, It is so easy to cry out against the multi­ the usually modest resources of the locality, plicity of Federal-State programs and to and the intent is laudaible. Perhaps we can but it also distorts any priority fixing as to someday have such an understanding with blame a party or administration or individ­ the merit of the specific project in question. ual, but these programs have been building States and localities, but even the Partner­ One example of this kind of problem is ship for Health Act mentioned earlier does and growing for over 30 years. Some cannot that of hospital construction. A public fa­ resist the temptation of saying that because not go this far. cilities loan for a community hospital may There ls much to be said, however, for the there is a large number of programs, there be available through the Department of is automatically great evil. But I do not be­ idea of sharing revenues with State and local Housing and Urban Development; a Hill­ governments, although the method of shar­ lieve this cut-and-dried approach. Most of Burton hospital construction grant and loan the programs are good and render our people ing is still to be resolved. Some of the alloca­ program may be available through the De­ tion of money to the States and municipal­ good assistance. To say that we ought to cut partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ them all out is not a realistic approach. ities by formula, with few strings attached; fare. Under both types of programs, a State increased block grants for specified purposes; What is needed is a reexamination of our Hill-Burton advisory board approves the procedures, to ascertain if we cannot find a shifting Of tax revenues to the States need for the project, but the financial and through credits against Federal taxes for in­ better ways to administer, reduce, consoli­ administrative requirements are greatly dif­ date, and simplify them. come taxes levied by the States; or, direct ferent. block grants with no strings attached. Mr. Speaker, much valuable and productive In my estimate, the system we should work has already been done in thjs area of examine is one in which a locality would Finding the best of these methods will be improving Federal-State relations. In 1965 make only one application for each broad one of the objectives of the study called for President Johnson designated the Director type of assistance. Moreover, this applica­ in this bill. But of equal importance is to of the Office of Emergency Planning to serve tion should be made to or coordinated with ascertain the best method of administration as liaison officer with the Governors for the a State agency-usually located no more and the best way for establishing a strong, purpose of establishing and maintaining bet­ than several hundred miles away-and this workable Federal-State partnership. teil" understanding, cooperation, and commu­ agency should administer assistance pro­ Under the general approach I recommend, nication between the President and the State grams for a given functional area. the Federal Government would still have a governments and between the executive Accordingly, if a city wanted assistance tough job. In addition to the problem of al­ agencies of the Fede·ral Government and the for a water or sewer project, they would not locating priorities on a national basis, they State government. go through the delay and expense of making would have to provide the administrative During the past 3 years, many meetings an application in Washington at HUD, the oversight to the State agencies to assure that, have been held with State and Federal offi­ Farmers Home Administration, or elsewhere, on a national basis, the program was being cials and the Office of Emergency Planning but rather would go to the State agency conducted in the way intended by Congress. has helped to resolve hundreds of questions handling Federal assistance programs for But I would emphasize that this oversight and problems relating to Federal and State public works. Even if several different pro­ should be predominantly procedural, and relations. At the Governor's conference in grams and requirements were needed to get that the specific decisions would be left to Ohio in 1968, the Governors, by unanimous the proper balance, the programs would all the State agency. vote, passed a resolution which said: be under one roof, and there would be no Admittedly, any kind of reorganization "The liaison program established through guesswork in determining whether all that along the lines mentioned here would take the OEP has resulted in the best working could be done was being done. much time and work. It could not even be partnership in the modern history Of our na- I take the position, Mr. Speaker, that we plotted specifically without some kind of 542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 preliminary study. The bill I am introducing within unions. For 34 years he served as it resulted in the establishment o! an ethics today will provide for that study. first vice president of the International committee. Essentially, the bill is the same as S. 3640 ELECTORAL VOTES COUNTED which recently passed the other body. But Ladies' Garment Workers Union. In his several new features are added. life and in his work, and in his dedica­ On Monday, January 6 Oongress met in Briefly, the bill calls for a study com­ tion to the causes of freedom and the in­ joint session and counted the electoral votes mission to report on all steps needed to herent dignity of the workingman, Luigi for President and Vice President. Of course, improve the efficiency and economy of the Antonini honored his union, the labor we knew that Nixon and Agnew had won, workings of the Federal Government. The movement, his native Italy. and his but some Members objected to a vote in new language included in my bill ls shown, North Carolina being cast for George Wallace adopted America. by an elector running on the Nixon-Agnew mainly, in section 4(a) (5) through (7). On December 29, after a lengthy ill­ I would point out that section 4(a) (5) is ticket. While there is no question that a similar to one included in a bill spon­ ness, this dedicated labor leader died at person is morally pledged to vote for the sored by the gentleman from Delaware (Mr. the age of 85. Those of us who were priv­ candidate of his party, a majority decided ROTH). This section calls for the commis­ ileged to know him know that he will be that the present law does not bind an elector sion to report on the effect of Federal assist­ missed by working men and women to do so. This is an outgrowth of the historic ance programs and activities upon the in­ throughout the entire Nation and the beginning of the electoral system. Originally terrelationship of Federal, State, and local world. persons were chosen for their good judgment governments. and their knowledge of public men and issues Subsection (6) of my bill incorporates so that these wise men rather than all the the recommendations of the Advisory Com­ citizens would actually elect the President. mission on Intergovernmetal Relations on CONGRESSMAN SCOTT REPORTS It seems apparent that we have outgrown the need to create a new Federal aid mix this system and need a change. Some feel of types of assistance. This recommenda­ we should have direct elections by popular tion came as a result of a 2-year study vote. Others would bind electors to cast their HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT ballots for the candidates of their party. of the Commission-a group composed of OF VIRGINIA representatives of all levels of government-­ Still others would continue the electoral sys­ and of executive sessions they held in July IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tem with one pledged delegate from each and October 1967. In addition to any au­ Monday, January 13, 1969 Congressional District, or would have the thoritative two-volume report published by electoral vote of each state weighted in ac­ the Commission, a summary of their rec­ Mr. SCOTT. Mr. Speaker, each month cordance with the popular vote for that state. ommendations is published in the winter, while Congress is in session, I attempt Fear has been expressed that a popular vote 1968, issue of State Government, the Jour­ to send a report to the people of the would result in more complete control of nal of State Affairs. Eighth District of Virginia on congres­ the Country by the large cities. It is a matter Mr. Speaker, the final new item in my that should be given prompt attention by sional activities. While we have had little Congress and I understand that the House bill, section 4(a) (7) embodies the feelings legislative business so far this session, I I expressed earlier in connection with new Judiciary Committee intends to hold early State agencies. It directs the Commission to am sending to constituents a January hearings. take a special look at the possibility of utiliz­ newsletter and am inserting a copy in TRANSITION ing a greater effort on the part of the States the RECORD at this point for the infor­ Of course; the Government is undergoing a in administering Federal aid programs. In mation of the membership: period of transition which will formally occur this context, I think it ls important to note CONGRESSMAN SCOTT REPORTS on January 20 when Mr. Nixon ls inaugu­ rated as our 37th President. In the meantime, that a growing majority of the States have OPENING DAY abandoned the old feeling of the past few few decisions are being made other than those decades-the feeling that since the State To a large extent, the first few days of the relating to the organization of the Oongress, did not want to do the job, the Federal Gov­ Congress are devoted to perfecting party or­ its committees and the selection of policy ernment had to do it. I believe the States ganizations and organizing the Congress. As making people in the Executive Branch of stand ready to do more, and I believe it ls you know, 22 term Member John W. Mc­ the Government. Within a few weeks all com­ important we take a new look at this issue. Cormack of Massachusetts was re-elected mittees should be organized, we should have The categorical grant-in-aid has long been Speaker of the House defeating the 11 term the views of the new administration on legis­ the workhorse of Federal aid, but because it Republican Gerald R. Ford of Michigan on a lative proposals and begin hearings on many ls the oldest does not make it the best. straight party vote. measures already introduced. Governmental services-whether on the The first order of business after the election of the Speaker on opening day, was the swear­ NEW OFFICE SPACE local, State, or Federal basis-will likely not Seniority rules even extend to office space be reduced greatly. We are a growing ex­ ing-in of the other Members-elect. H. R. Gross of Iowa asked that Adam Clayton Powell, of for Members of Congress. So we were pleased panding, building nation. What we can do, to obtain new carpeting and an additional however, ls to hope for improved methods of New York step aside and not be sworn in with the remainder of the Members. Later Emanuel staff room adjoining our existing space. When administration. This goes to the heart of you visit, we'll have more room for you. the problem: Which ls more important, or Celler of New York, a 24 term Congressman, powerful, or influential-the State or the made a series of motions all seeking to seat CONSTITUENT CORRESPONDENCE Federal Government? I believe we must have Mr. Powell. Congressman Celler quoted scrip­ We are pleased that constitutents feel free a balanced approach and a workable part­ ture asking that he who is without sin cast to correspond With the office and we try to nership. To keep the problem in more the first stone and asked the Members, "Judge obtain desired information or to assist resi­ perspective, I hope we can increase the level not tha.t ye be not judged." dents of the District with problems they of participation by the State government. It It seemed obvious that Mr. Celler was ap­ have with the Federal Government. If you ls vitally important that we not dilute the pealing to other Congressmen not to punish find it necessary to phone the office number importance of State governments. In the long Mr. Powell lest they sometime find themselves is 225-4376. But to be sure we have a full run, it is better that we strengthen them. in a similar position. Certainly Members of and accurate statement of the facts it is Congress must have standards at least as high usually better to write. A letter is also bene­ as society in general, but we should all be ficial if we need to check into the matter subject to the same laws. Since two commit­ again at a later date. The ma1ling address TRIBUTE TO LUIGI ANTONINI tees of the House of Representatives had is shown at the top of the newsletter. You found Mr. Powell guilty of gross misconduct, may be interested in the following excerpts I voted against each resolution to seat him. from two constituents' letters. HON. JAMES ff. SCHEUER However, after extended debate he was pun­ Inquiry from a parent: Is there any pos­ ished by a fine of $25,000, deprived of all sible way to stop my son from going to Viet­ OF NEW YORK seniority, and given a seat in the 91st Con­ nam? One son is already stationed there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress. and now my younger son has been assigned to Monday, January 13, 1969 ETHICS Vietnam. Any help you can give me will be Just this week each Congressman received deeply appreciated. Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, for more a letter from the Chairman of the House Answer: After taking the matter up with than half a century Luigi Antonini Committee on Standards of Official Conduct the Army, the second son was assigned out­ fought labor's battles from the picket­ requesting that we make a financial disclo­ side of the hostile zone because the service line to the highest levels of National sure of sources of income other than Con­ has a policy that not more than one mem­ gressional salary. While this disclosure only ber of a family will be assigned in a combat Government. A quiet and self-effacing relates to major item.s of income, it may be area.at one time. Later one of the servicemen man, Luigi Antonini successfully fought helpful in spotting conflicts of interest which wrote that he had met his brother while on Communist rule or ruin tactics within might infiuence a Congressman's vote on leave, and thanked us !or helping them. the labor movement in the 1920's. In the legislation. Therefore, some good may have Inquiry: Please help the children of Blafra. 1930's he beat back Fascist elements come out of the whole Powell incident since What are American citizens doing to help? January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 543 Answer: The State Department advised that :ECONOMIC THOUGHTS FOR 1969 On these occasions the dialogue has been our government has contributed $22.5 million conducted by groups di1ferent from those worth of food and money including nearly setting spending policies and has been 3,000 tons of food a month. We have provided HON. DONALD RUMSFELD 1imited to the narrow areas within that the Red Cross with a reserve fund of $5 mil­ OF ILLINOIS group's immediate concern. lion to draw on for chartering airplanes and For example, if it is increased in the con­ ships, and purchasing vehicles for distribu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sumer price index which create the alarm, tion of supplies in the area of need. Monday, January 13, 1969 those on the Labor and Education Commit­ CALENDARS AND YEARBOOKS tees may become concerned about wages not Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, some keeping up with the cost of living, or about We have a supply of rather attractive of the challenges and opportunities to whether price controls might not .be neces­ 1969 calendars' containing various Washing­ create a healthy economic climate for sary, but little of the concern ... except in ton governmental scenes and a more limited a general way . . . is directed to the total number of 1968 Agriculture Yearbooks, the American people are based on what happened in 1968. Congressman Thomas of Federal spending. Regrettably, little at­ "Science for Better Living." If you would like tention also is paid to whether wages have to have either of these, please let us know, B. Curtis, of Missouri, while senior House been increasing beyond productivity gains, and , we will forward them as long as the Republican on the Joint Economic Com­ thus adding to a cost push inflation which supply lasts. mittee and second ranking Republican may have started out as monetary inflation. FREDERICKSBURG POST OFFICE on the House Committee on Ways and If it is high interest rates which create the The Postmaster General has approved a Means spoke to the Sacramento, Calif., alarm because of the impact upon the home new leased postal facility for the City of Fred­ Taxpayer's Association on December building industry or whatever, the Banking ericksburg and plans to abandon the use of 11, 1968. His speech raises a number of and Currency Committees may be concerned the present building for postal purposes. fundamental questions which merit con­ in this limited area, or the Agriculture Com­ However, it will be taken over by the Gen­ tinuous review and study. His views as­ mittee if it is farmers, but again, little con­ eral Services Administration and probably cern is directed to the total of Federal spend­ utilized for other government purposes. The sist in providing a better understanding ing. proposed building will have an authorized of economic policy as we work to solve If it is debt ceiling legislation that causes interior size of 28,795 square feet, more than the problems confronting us. the alarm, the Ways and Means Committee twice as large as the present facility; a plat­ Whether or not one agrees entirely and the Senate Finance Committee may be­ form area of 5,275 square feet and a parking with the views of the gentleman from come momentarily involved in the problems and maneuver area of 43,350 square feet. This Missouri, these remarks could well serve of debt management ... not to the extent is a facility recommended by the Subcommit­ as a model and certainly as a stimulus of the impact of these unsolved problems on tee on Postal Facilities and Modernization for thinking through programs and pro­ monetary policy, regrettably ... but little of the House Post Office and Civil Service is done to relate the matter to the total of Committee. You may remember that our posals which the Joint Economic Com­ Federal spending. This is outside the juris­ committee visited the present facility last mittee and others will be considering as diction of these Committees. year. we analyze the forthcoming Economic The Appropriation Committees alone have CALLAO POST OFFICE Report of the President. The contribu­ the specific task of considering expenditure It was good of the Postmaster at Callao to tion of Tom Curtis to the needed dia­ policy, but because of the Congressional sys­ invite me to participate in the dedication of log on public matters of great importance tem of voting appropriations over a period this new postal facility on February 1 and continues to be a major one. of many fiscal years, rather than for each I look forward to being there. specific fiscal year, there is no review of total THE FISCAL PICTURE FACING THE NIXON spending for a specific year. And because of HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TOPIC ADMINISTRATION the proliferation of the Appropriation Com­ Students may be interested in obtaining A key factor in establishing Federal fiscal mittees into many subcommittees, each with a booklet prepared by the Library of Congress policy has been neglected in recent years, its own jurisdiction over specific programs, relating to the National High School Debate namely the level of Federal spending for there is no attempt at established priorities Topic for 1968-69, "How Can the United each fiscal year. between programs, however many fiscal years States Best Maintain Manpower for an Ef­ The components of aggregate spending, they may encompass. Indeed, the appropria­ fective Defense System?" The booklets are the cost of federal programs, have received tion subcommittees tend to be manned by available upon request. a modicum of Congressional and public dis­ special pleaders for the program involved. APOLLO 8 ASTRONAUTS cussion, but around the needs and the virtues That indeed is the basis upon which many of the progress themselves, not the sum of members seek membership on the Appropria­ You probably saw the Joint Session of Con­ their total expenditures. Thus, no priorities tion Committee in the first place and then gress, honoring the three Apollo 8 Astronauts between programs have been established. special assignment to the permanent sub­ on your televisions. It was a very interesting Indeed, the lack of priority discussion has re­ committees. The Executive Department and session as we heard Captain James A. Lovell sulted in the non-elimination of redundant outside lobby groups have become an im­ say, "I stepped out of the house a few days programs and a good bit of what used to be portant part of this built-in special plead­ later and looked up at the moon and I could normal expenditure discipline within agen­ ing. scarcely believe that I was there. A sense of cies has evaporated. Because nothing seems to be able to be pride, a feeling of satisfaction and achieve­ No guidelines have been developed by done about it, politicians are only too happy ment came over me. And I thought to myself, which to determine what limits there should to accept the suggestion of certain econo­ "Is there some American in this great coun­ be to the aggregate Federal spending level mists that a "little" inflation is the price try who, when he sees the moon, cannot feel in a given specific year. that we must pay for relatively full employ­ the same as I do and say to himself, 'We were The guidelines of the past which were re­ ment and continued economic growth. The there'?" Certainly, the entire world joins in lated to the anticipated revenues for the year tragedy is that there really is no such thing a feeling of pride in this accomplishment. have been tossed aside. The theory that budg­ as a "little" inflation. Inflation is cumula­ ets need not be balanced each year, but over tive and the cup will fill and overflow if the OPINION POLL a business cycle measured in terms of rate ti.ow continues. In view of the change of administration, of unemployment and economic growth, has Many of the ms that accompany inflation we thought it best to delay the annual ques­ become meaningless as deficit budgets have can be minimized, for a period of time, if tionnaire until we have more information been presented with unemployment below those with whom we deal internationally about the new administration's legislative 4% and the economy running at a high rate also follow inflationary policies. Furthermore, proposals. Please let us know if you have any of capacity. The theory of the full employ­ if a country is somewhat dominant econom­ suggestions regarding issues facing the coun­ ment budget does not seem to contemplate ically, as the United States has been, it can try which might be included in next month's a balanced budget. In the process of follow­ to some degree export its inflation. However, opinion poll to be sent to all homes in the ing these theories, no criteria by which to this inflation is cumulative as well and, soon­ District. determine the annual level of Federal ex­ er or later, the international cup wm fill. INAUGURATION penditures have been developed. And this applies to totalitarian nations About the early time there is a dialogue on The stands in front of the Capitol are all which can hide unemployment, sluggish the level of Federal spending is when in­ economic growth, and inflation more effec­ but completed for the swearing in of Mr. flation begins to show up in the consumer Nixon as President, on January 20. I wish it price index, high interest rates begin to tively than can marketplace oriented nations. were possible to invite each of you here, and pinch, there is another international mone­ The Nixon Administration assumes office I do hope that those who are will stop by the tary crisis, the Congress ls confronted with January 20, 1969, with six and two-thirds ofilce to say "hello" before the parade begins. raising the debt celling because the cumu­ months of Fiscal 1969 over and with over $300 lated deficits have forced the Federal Gov­ Billion power to spend avallable to it, with SOMETHING TO PONDER el"nment to increase its outstanding market­ the budget for Fiscal 1970 prepared and It is only at a tree laden with fruit that able debt, or the President asks for increased printed, if not actµally presented to the new men throw stones. "taxes. Congress. This budget for Fiscal Year 1970 544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969

will have at least $230 Billion of carry-over The expenditure figures I have been using The point is that these "spenders·~ point to balances of unused power to spend granted relate to "expenditures and net lending" of that now in· their arguments only they ca.n by the previous Congresses. the Federal Government in the new consoli­ talk in vague general terms which builds up The spending level of $186.1 Billion for Fis­ dated Budget adopted for the first time in capital expenditures out of all relation to cal 1969 set in the January, 1968 budget the budget for Fiscal 1969. There are many reality. I would much prefer to pin down message and referred to in the Tax Increase advantages to this new method of computing what are properly classified as capital ex­ and Expenditure Reform Act of 1968 has been the factors involved in fiscal policy. However, penditures; put them on the books as capital exceeded for the first five months of the there are some serious immediate disadvan­ assets, not current expenditures; then when present fiscal year. It has not been cut. All tages entirely apart from the confusion it there are capital sales treat them as return that has been cut has been what otherwise has created in trying to correlate previous of capital and not permit them to be used for might have been a greater increase in ex­ fiscal policies with the new fiscal policy. current expenditures. penditures over those of Fiscal 1968 than the The old administrative budget had the The issue facing all of us right now is $7.8 Billion increase set out in the January, important advantage of reporting expendi­ whether the surtax which will expire this 1968 Budget. tures which were financed by general reve­ June will be permitted to expire. It was Expenditures for Fiscal 1968 totaled $178.9 nues so that the short-fall of general reve­ passed on the assumption that increasing Billion, an increase of $20.5 Billion over the nues to these expenditures was s-een with taxes would stem inflation. I argued at the expenditures of Fiscal 1967, $158.4, which, more accuracy and there was a greater under­ time that the inflationary forces we were in turn, is an increase of $23.8 Billion over standing of how much was to be financed out dealing with were of the cost push variety Fiscal 1966, $134.6, an increase of $16.6 Bil­ of new borrowings. Certainly it made the reflecting the inflationary impact of past lion over Fiscal 1965, $118.0 Billion. The ex­ work of the Ways and Means Committee, Federal deficits forced into our monetary penditure increase has averaged over $20 Bil­ concerned as it is with financing expendi­ system. The forces were not primarily of the lion for these three fiscal years. tures on an annual and ongoing basis, some­ demand pull variety. Increased taxes aggra­ To gain some understanding of the fiscal what clearer. vate cost push inflation. I argued that de­ policy these expenditure increases contribute Furthermore, inasmuch as the expendi­ creased Federal spending was the remedy to to, we must relate them to the expenditure tures outside the administrative budget were curb cost push inflation and, at the same increases which occurred during the first five largely through trust funds which were fi­ time, was the preferable way to cool off the years of the Kennedy-Johnson Administra­ nanced by special taxation (not general rev­ economy if there was need to cut back some tion. These increases average out at $5 Bil­ enues) the annual fluctuations which oc­ on demand. As everyone knows, The Surtax lion per fiscal year. Notably Fiscal 1965 marks curred between trust fund revenues and Act of 1968 was also called the Expenditure the transition point in fiscal policies and set trust fund expenditures were more clearly Control Act. However, there was a tax in­ :fiscal policy of its own. Fiscal 1965 was the perceived, enabling both those interested in crease, but no expenditure Cut. Up to this year of the big tax reduction of 1964 when following the fortunes of these special pro­ date there has been a net increase in ex­ aggregate expenditure policy became the is­ grams and the general revenue programs to penditures. The much publicized cutback sue around which the enactment of the tax do so more easily. was in what might have otherwise been a rate reduction act was resolved. The Congress It has been difficult enough to keep Con­ further increase on top of the increase al­ passed the 1964 Tax Rate Reduction Act on gress and the public's attention directed to ready projected in the Budget message of the assumption that the Administration the problems involved in Federal debt man­ January, 1968 for Fiscal 1969. would hold expenditures to present levels for agement without muddying the picture, as Inflation has not been stemmed. It has two years and not increase them. The level does the consolidated budget. continued at a higher rate than it was at for Fiscal 1964 then already projecting a $5 If bonds in the social security trust fund, the time of the enactment of the law. In­ Billlon increase over Fiscal 1963 was not fur­ unemployment insurance trust fund, etc. are terest rates, after falling sllghtly !or a short ther increased and the level for Fiscal 1965 what they are supposed to be, funds ear­ period, have again increased. They are at actually resulted in a $.7 Billion less expendi­ marked for specific purposes which cannot unbearable levels. More inflation and con­ be used for other governmental purposes, tinued high interest rates are predicted. ture over Fiscal 1964. then whether these funds are in temporary Obviously the fiscal remedies proposed and In terms of percentages the expenditure surplus in certain years, as has been antici­ adopted have failed. The only question that increases from Fiscal 1960 through 1965 pated, they should have no bearing on the remains, and it is somewhat academic, averaged out around 5.5% per annum. From fiscal policy of the Federal Government. All would it have been worse if nothing had 1965 through 1968 the average annual in­ the trust· funds are a captive market for been done? Except for the psychological crease is around 17 % . Assuming the increase the Treasury to market Federal bonds. This state that developed to push through the for Fiscal 1969 turns out to be $8 to $10 Bil­ may have some bearing on the impact of the tax increase, which almost reached hys­ lion then we will be reverting to the 5.5 % in­ Federal debt on the rest of the society, but teria. . . . and this cannot be minimized crease of the earlier years. it has no impact on the liabilities of the . .. it would have been better to have passed However, it must be remembered that the Federal Government to meet its bills through no tax increase because the debt ce111ng fiscal policy underlying the Tax Rate Reduc­ general revenues and be able to service the would have held expenditures more tightly tion Act of 1964 called for no rate of expendi­ bulk of its debt. than the provisions in the expenditure con­ ture increase and was a marked shift from In one sense, however, an advantage is de­ trol act. Giving the executive additional bil­ the fiscal policy which had as one of its fac­ rived from the consolidated budget if it lions in revenues through the surtax mini­ tors the 5.5 % increase in expenditures. I makes the Congress and the people more mized the squeeze he otherwise would have think it is important to consider the eco­ aware of the fact that a tax is a tax, whether been in through the debt ceiling. nomic factors that led the Congress to aban­ for general revenue or to be deposited into a It seems clear to me that the Federal in­ don the policy of increasing expenditures by special trust fund. The fact that the Federal come tax rates were still beyond the point of 5.5 %. And also to consider the other factors Payroll Tax continues to increase in rate, diminishing returns even after the tax rate involved in total aggregate fiscal policy, base and take is usually lost sight of in all cut of 1964. The surtax simply made these namely revenues, borrowings and capital as­ the discussion over Federal income tax dis­ rates more deleterious. sets. Certainly it is important to consider cussions. How does one test the point of diminish­ that the economy has not been averaging as The consolidated budget did little one way ing returns in a tax rate? I start with the high as 5.5% real growth per year. The popu­ or the other in clarifying the Fed~ral Govern­ simplest kind of tax to illustate the prob­ lation increase is considerably below a 5.5 % ment's special !endings and sales of its loans lem. A tariff is raised to a rate which will increase. and other capital assets. The Federal budget cut the flow of imports subject to the tariff. Productivity increases are below this fig­ does not distinguish between current and The rate can be increased to a point where ure. Clearly a 5.5 % rate of increase in Federal capital expenditures, thus when a sale of no goods at all flow legally. Conversely, a spending shows an expansion of the Federal what is clearly a capital asset ls consum­ tariff can be reduced until it becomes a Government at the expense of other institu­ mated it is not accounted for as either return revenue producer again. There is some point tions in our economy. Whether this is a wise of capital or additional revenue. The account­ at which a maximum revenue take is pos­ and necessary change in the allocation of our ing is a short circuit me.thod. The revenue sible . . . where the rate is sufficiently high resources becomes a basic policy decision derived from the sale of a capital asset to produce the revenue without too greatly which cannot be divorced from fiscal policy. usually is entered as a reduction in expendi­ lessening the base. There is also the co­ In a sense the altered fiscal policy in the tures of the agency selling the asset, al­ efficient of collectab111ty which increases as fields of taxation, borrowing and selling off though the proceeds themselves may be the rate is lowered, as the taxpayer has less capital resources . . . and the secondary processed through the Federal treasury. incentive to avoid or evade the tax. policy changes in the monetary field particu­ Federal expenditure discipline is weakened In the income tax field it is much more larly these require ... are only indicators of considerably through the failure to develop difficult to arrive at what point rates reach this cumulative deficit expenditure policy. proper cost accounting and a balance sheet the point of diminishing returns. However, Some would argue the other way that alter­ of capital assets. Strangely enough, among overall the base of the income tax is eco­ ing fiscal policy in these areas can create the those who have resisted the development of nomic activity. I! the rates of the tax are economic growth which will Justify the in­ these techniques are certain self-styled con­ sufficiently high that economic activity is creased expenditures. However, I believe they servatives who have felt that the "spenders" impeded seriously, we.are at least approach­ are confusing effect with cause. Certainly, would be encouraged to spend more if they ing that point. I think it is quite obvious they are dealing in expectancies. could point to the fact that certain of their that today many business decisions are Let•s examine into this a bit further. expenditures were for capital items. based upon tax consequences rather than January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 545 upon sound economic and business judg­ ourselves in the fiscal posture so we can start today reveals that in this period of rapid ment. I think when this occurs economic a program to plan gradual rate reduction over technological advancement we are con­ growth 1s impeded. The extent of this the next twenty years until we get our Fed­ fronted with increasing lnciden-ces of fric­ impeding is hard to measure, but there are eral tax rates below the point of diminishing tional and :structural unemployment .•. and many check points which demonstrate that returns. obsolete plant capacity which heating up the it is great. I think it important to understand that economy not only cannot solve but will ag­ Certainly it is proper to consider what meaningful, comprehensive tax reform is only gravate. A frozen radiator Will steam and government spends its money for. Govern­ feasible when the rates are sufficiently low crack before the lee melts, so it is with some ment expenditure can contribute to sus­ to permit philosophical considerations to be of the institutional unemployment exempli­ tained economic growth. It is correct to say brought to bear, rather than economic con­ fied by the young Negro male, Heating up the that Without government expenditures in sequences to the special interest groups. eoonomy will hurt, not help, in this instance. certain areas economic growth would lag. The fiscal posture needed is a controlled Be this as it may, I think the record clearly We are discussing relative matters. There is annual expenditure level below the level of shows that expenditure discipline is badly every reason in the world to discuss gov­ revenues to be derived from current tax rates needed in order to have a sound fiscal policy. ernment expenditure policy in relation to (without the surtax). Normal economic Without a sound fiscal policy we impose a the tax base. As far as the Federal Govern­ growth occurring in spite of the still too high meat axe cut on all expenditures, govern­ ment is concerned, the tax base is essentially rate of Federal taxes will permit increased mental or private, through inflation. economic activity. federal revenues to finance increased in Fed­ I wish to make a final observation. I believe However, economic activity is not neces­ eral programs if required. However, getting discipline in Federal spending will bring sarily sustainable economic growth. Eco­ the ratio of the Federal debt to GNP to be­ about surprising results in improved effici­ nomic activity can be creating increased low 20% should be given the highest pri­ encies in our Federal programs, ranging from wealth but, likewise, it can be eating into ority. Here it is about twenty-five years defense through education, and R and D to the economic wealth already in existence. after the end of World War II and the ratio welfare,. I think we have ample money to During wartime economic activity increases is still almost 50 %. Two-thirds of the reduc­ finance the Federal programs our society greatly and yet there are very few economists tion of the ratio for the high level of World needs. It is not lack of money but lack of who would disagree that this economic ac­ War II is, regretably, the result of Post well conceived and well executed programs tivity tends to be using up wealth, rather World War II inflation. Actually, the tax that has held us back. Good programs can than creating new wealth. rate reductions will bring about increased solve the welfare and the other problems The largest expenditure of the Federal revenues from the increased economic growth which seemed so insurmountable to the Government is to protect the wealth we have that will ensue beyond these normal expect­ previous Administration. by providing for the national defense. The ancies. second largest item is welfare and the third What was the fiscal context of the tax cut is servicing the Federal debt. These and other of 1964? In the context of increased federal expenditures are not wealth creating basi­ expenditures by the $5 billion amount they JANUARY 9, A KEY DATE IN THE ·Cally. had been averaging the past five years? Or in HISTORY OF FLIGHT Accordingly, it is important to treat most context of expenditure levels being held to Federal expenditures as current expenditures those of the preceding year? The Republican to be financed out of current revenues, rather motion to recommit the 1964 Rate Reduction than through debt financing. To the extent Act called for expenditures not to exceed $97 HON. GEORGE H. MAHON that the Federal Government expenditures billion for Fiscal 1964 and not to exceed $98 OF TEXAS create new wealth such as in public works billion for Fiscal 1965. These are administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES projects and, I would argue, in certain of its tive budget figures ... expenditures fi­ expenditures for education and research and nanced out of general revenues . . . largely Monday, January 13, 1969 development, debt financing is appropriate-, derived-from the rorporate and personal in­ Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I think it is related of course to the wealth it is creating, come tax rates. The figures are there !or any­ worthy of note that just 176 years ago, but these make up less than 10 % of our one to see. Expenditures for Fiscal 1964 went on January 9, 1793, the day of the month Federal Budget. up to $98 billion, but for Fiscal 1965 they It is noteworthy that we do not discuss went back to $96.5. The tax rate reduction the Apollo 8 astronauts were honored Federal expenditures in .this context any­ was an economic success . . . the tax base at a joint session of Congress, Jean more than we discuss the total level of Fed­ did expand so that greater revenues wer_e Pierre Blanchard, after making several eral expenditures in relation to revenues or derived from the lesser rates, and these successful flights in Europe, made the the total economy. Nor do we discuss the revenues did not have to be discounted by first balloon ascension on the North method whereby we finance these expendi­ inflation. American Continent. He took off from tures ... through current tax revenues based The 1954 tax rate reduction was made in a the Washington prison yard in Philadel­ on a system which embodies tax rates which similar context of expenditure discipline. So are within the point of diminishing returns, was the tax cut rate of 1948. Both had the phia and landed in Gloucester County, or through debt financing. Nor do we discuss same results in increased revenues for a lower N.J. President George Washington was Federal expenditures and taxation in relation Tate Without an inflationary discount. one of the interested spectators. to State and local expenditures and taxation Dr. Heller and the new economists had ar­ In many ways January 9 is a memo­ to gain an understanding of the total gov­ gued a contrary theory. They had said if rable date in the history of manned flight. ernmental fiscal impact on the society. we held Federal spending to make way for I include for the attention of my col­ It is also noteworthy that wealth statistics the tax rate reduction we would be taking are not among the economic tools utilized away the "stimulus" to aggregate demand leagues a sketch of Jean Pierre Blanch­ today •.• that the collection of wealth sta­ that was needed from increased Federal ard's accomplishments from the "Ency­ tistics was abandoned in the 1920's. And it spending. I argued that 1! we sold $10 billion clopaedia Britannica": ts significant that the new economists seldom of bonds to the private sector to make way Blanchard, Jean Pierre (1753-1809): speak in terms of wealth • . . only in term8 for the tax rate reduction and to permit the French aeronaut who, together With the of economic activity. Even economic growth Federal Government to increase spending, American, John Jeffries, made the first aerial is measured in terms of differences in yearly then the private sector would not be able to crossing of the English channel, and who was gross national product computations, not in contribute to increase aggregate demand also the first man to make balloon· ascen­ terms of capital inventory. GNP, of course, ls through its increased expendi-ture. Dr. Heller sions in England and in America., was born a measure of economic activity, not of real a.greed and said that he would have the in Les Andelys on July 4, 1753. Within a year growth. The most that can be said is that if Federal Reserve buy the additional bonds following the first balloon ascensions of the we have a GNP of $800 billion in 1968 and through the open market Committee. I re­ Montgolfier brothers (see BALLOON), Blanch­ we ha.d a GNP of $447 billion in 1958 we must sponded by stating that I thought this would ard began his career, making his first bal­ have a larger base today and some real eco­ create inflationary forces which could not loon fiight in Paris on March 2, 1784. Later nomic growth must have occurred in the be contained. He responded by stating that that year, he made his pioneer ascension decade. However, by merely adjusting these with unemployment then exceeding 6 % and from English soil. Accompanied by Jeffries, figures for inflation, we see that the differ­ plant utmzation below 80% the inflatlonal he took off from Dover in a balloon and made ence in economic activity ts not $350 bllllon, pressures would be absorbed and would, a successful landing on the French coast but less than $250 blllion. What would it be therefore, not come out in increased prices. near Calais on Jan. 7, 1785. The first inter­ 1f we could adjust for artificial activity, eco­ I responded that I thought a good bit of the national airmail was carried on this fiight. nomic mistakes, and eating up wealth? unemployment was frictionsJ. and structural In that same year 1n England, Blanchard . I think it is important to review the eco­ which would not respond quickly to increased made the first use of a parachute (q.v.), n,omic theory lying behind The Tax Rate aggregate demand and that a good bit of dropping a dog (or, according to another Reduction Act of 1964 and the Tax Rate the unused or underut111zed plaiilt cape.city authority, a cat) in a basket to which a para­ Reduction Act of 1954 • • • a cut compara­ was obsolete and inefficient capacity which chute was attached from a balloon. Blanch­ ble in size to that of 19tl4, I point out • . • would bring increased costs and so aggraviate ard was one o! the first balloonists to attempt and the tax rate reduction of 1948 .•• in rather than work to The Washington Post calls the situa­ reation, under authorizing legislation, MANNING TROPHY TO NAVAL RESERVE CON­ tion a "crime crisis." This is exactly Public Law 89-616. It would authorize the STRUCTION BATTALION 17, SUBUmT 11--0, IN what concerned Congressmen have been Secretary of the Interior to establish a TUCSON, ARIZ., NOVEMBER 23, 1968 trying to point out for months. three-unit Connecticut River Valley Na­ Admiral Dornin, Commander Martin, Com­ Last year I placed in the CONGRESSIONAL tional Recreation Area, consisting of a mander Nelson, distinguished guests, ladies RECORD various reports on sentencing by gateway unit along the Connecticut River and gentlemen, I am delighted to be in Tuc­ Washington's judges. At that time it was son, and particularly delighted to take part Estuary in Connecticut, a Mount Holyoke in this presentation ceremony. Not only do I noted that minimum sentences and re­ unit, near Northampton, Mass., and a have an opportunity to represent the higher duced charges had the effect of releasing Coos Scenic River unit in New Hamp­ Navy echelons, but I have a chance to visit criminals within short periods of time to shire. one of my favorite States, Arizona. And if commit additional crimes. The FBI now I have long been convinced of the need Ari:wna Seabee Reserve units continue to estimates that over 20 percent of those for prompt and effective action to pre­ excel in the Reserve program in the future currently being arrested in Washington serve the natural beauty and utility of as they have in the past, perhaps I should are either out on bond, or probation. new England's most important water­ have a permanent office over here! In a sharp attack on Washington way, the Connecticut River. I actively This is the third consecutive year an Ari­ courts, Federal Judge Oren Lewis in Al­ zona unit has been awarded the J. J. Man­ supported and, indeed, introduced legis­ ning Trophy. Let me assure you that being exandria said, in sentencing a bank rob­ lation for, the feasibility study. the winner is no slight accomplishment. ber recently, that the record of the Now, the feasibility study has been The J. J. Manning Trophy bears the name accused in Washington courts indicated completed; its recommendations, a com­ of a former chief of Navy civil engineers who "they seem to put you on probation re­ prehensive plan for Federal, regional, and estwbli~hed the Seabee Reserve program. gardless of how many offenses you have." local cooperation to preserve this valua­ Competition for it is nationW1de. The crime rate will continue to rise in ble natural resour~e, await our attention Some 198 units compete. The complex Washington until the judiciary de- and action. January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 549 I submit that now is the time to act. an of the Kennedy's years to call him "an­ Though he never went beyond eighth We must begin to work promptly and other casualty" of the murders. of John and grade, Mr. Mcshane accepted an honorary thoroughly to translate the Connecticut Robert Kennedy, whatever the final medical degree from Xavier Unlvel1lity in Ohio in report would say. 1965. He lived at 1325 N. Van Dorn st., Alex­ River Valley National Recreation Area Friends said Jim McShane, close to the andria. proposals into reality. I believe strongly Kennedys since signing on as a Robert Ken­ He is survived by his wife Theresa; a son, in the necessity for that reality-a scenic nedy rackets investigator in 1957, couldn't Michael; a daughter, Mrs. Gerald Day, and and natural area for enjoyment by New conceal that he was taking the second as­ two grandchildren. Englanders for generations to come. sassination especially ha.rd. The bluff, ruddy The challenge of preserving a livable exterior that made him look the pa.rt of [From the Washington (D.C.) Star, Dec. 24, environment is one of the most crucial typical New York Irish cop-which he was­ 1968] questions facing this Congress, our Na­ was no mask for his mourning. JAMES MCSHANE Dms; MARSHAL'S OFFICE tion, and the world. Comprehensive en­ "He was a strong and good man," Sen. CHIEF Edward M. Kennedy said yesterday. "Presi­ James Joseph Patrick McShane, 59, chief of vironmental planning is a prerequisite to dent Kennedy depended upon Jim McShane, achieving this goal, and the Connecticut the executive office of the U.S. marshal here, and my brother Bob and I valued his coun­ died yesterday at the Mar Salle Home, 2131 River Valley National Recreation Area sel and his help. The members of the Ken­ O St. NW. He was admitted to the home last . proposal is a fine example of such in­ nedy family have lost a close friend." week with pneumonia. depth planning. If we enact this proposal, "The Great McShane," as he jokingly Mr. McShane began his law-enforcement we might perhaps point the way toward called himself on occasion, had at least three career as a policeman in New York. Later he further, even broader planning to protect careers, not counting the boxing competition worked for the Senate Rackets Committee that earned him a New York City welter­ and the Senate Antitrust and Monopoly sub­ and preserve our Nation's natural heri­ weight championship and a broken nose. He tage for Americans as yet unborn. committee. was a Manhattan policeman for 21 years, He was active in the rackets committee's I strongly urge my fellow New Eng­ then a congressional investigator and finally investigations in the jukebox industry and in landers, who are aware of the beauty and a Justice Department marshal and veteran the operations of the Teamsters union, when recreational potential of the Connecticut of the major civil rights confrontations of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy was its chief counsel. River Valley, and my fellow Representa­ the 1960s. In his book, "The Enemy Within," Kennedy tives who are concerned with the prob­ Decorated and censured by his police de­ credited the investigations made by Mr. Mc­ lem of environmental improvement, to partment superiors, he could shoot it out Shane and Lavern Duffy in Tennessee with with hoodlums in New York and, without bringing about convictions of five important give their serious attention and favorable surprising those who knew him, could com­ consideration to this legislation, and sup­ Teamster officials, the impeaching of a. judge fort and keep up the morale of the grieving and the removal of several public officials port the establishment of the Connecti­ children of Robert Kennedy. from office. cut River Valley National Recreation Some said his later careers were brought Area. on by the falling out he had with police of­ JOINED KEFAUVER PANEL ficialdom for being photographed holding an In 1959 he joined the staff of the Antitrust umbrella over the head of former heavy­ and Monopoly subcommittee, then headed by weight champion Rocky Marciano. Detective the late Sen. Estes Kefauver, D-Tenn. THE LATE JAMES J. P. McSHANE­ Mcshane was off duty at the time but he He served for a year as U.S. Marshal for the CHIEF U.S. MARSHAL received a temporary demotion for lnadvert- District until May 1962, when he was ap­ . ently creating the impression that he was pointed to head the executive office of U.S . on duty as a bodyguard. Marshals. In his 6 years in that job he be­ HON. HUGH L. CAREY Robert Kennedy wrote in "The Enemy came involved in nearly every major civil Within" that Mr. Mcshane looked down the rights conflict. OF NEW YORK muzzle of a gangster's gun while seeking in­ He was the marshal who directed federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES formation about the juke-box racket in 1958. officers sent to Oxford, Miss .. to see that James Monday, January 13, 1969 Mr. Mcshane told the gunman, "Put down H. Meredith was enrolled safely in the Uni­ your gun. I'm here from the Senate (Rack­ versity of Mississippi. Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, the un­ ets) Committee." The man collapSed in his Federal immunity kept him from answer­ timely death of James J.P. McShane on chair and said, "I thought you were coming ing a Mississippi indictment for "inciting to December 23 has removed from the na­ to kill me." riot" during the disorders at the time of tional scene one of the country's truly The book also recounts a nighttime grave­ Meredith's admission. The Lafayette County, great and devoted public servants. digging expedition in which Mr. McShane Miss., grand jury indictment referred to Mr. and Robert Kennedy took part, hoping to McShane's order to fire tear gas the night of Jim McShane began his public career find the body of a rackets slaying victim. The Sept. 30, 1962, as federal marshals secured the as a policeman with the New York City venture ended in an open-field chase by a university's administration building a day Police Department in 1936. After 21 years farmer in the Joliet, m .. area. before Meredith's enrollment. in that capacity he joined the staff of In 1961 Mr. Mcshane was named U.S. WALLACE "STAND-IN" the Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Sub­ Marshal for the District of Columbia, and Also while heading the marshals' office, committee as a Federal investigator. In within a year he became head of the Justice Mr. McShane was involved with George Wal­ 1962, the late President John F. Kennedy Department office that supervised the work lace's "stand-in" attempt to prevent in­ appointed him Chief Marshal and in that of 94 Federal marshals and more than 600 tegration at the University of Alabama, and office he served with courage and distinc­ deputies. · with demonstrations at the Pentagon oppos­ Within weeks of assuming the top mar­ ing the war in Vietnam and with the dis­ tion until his death. shal's job, Mr. McShane was involved in the Jim McShane will long be remembered orders here last spring following the death controversial death of a convicted spy and of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. for his efforts in behalf of law enforce­ leadership on a mission to Montgomery, Ala., In 1964, Mr. McShane received the "Civil ment, his courage in the face of danger during the freedom ride disorders. Servant of the Year" award from the Am­ and his presence in all of the major civil Technically, the spy, Dr. Robert A. Soblen, vets for his role in quell1ng the Oxford, Miss., rights confrontations of the past 10 was not Mr. McSha.ne's prisoner when he riots in 1962. years. wounded himself with a steak knife on a Born on St. Patrick's Day in New York I include the obituaries appearing in flight from Israel, where he had gone after in 1909, he had to drop out of school after jumping ball. Nevertheles'3 Mr. Mcshane was the 8th grade. However, 3 years ago he re­ the Washington Post and Evening Star to have arrested Soblen upon arrival in the on December 24, 1968, at this point in ceived an honorary doctor of laws degree United States, and the marshal regretted from Xavier University in Cincinnati. the RECORD: Soblen's second, successful suicide attempt "This is not the proper way to do it," he (From the Washington (D.C.) Post, in a London hospital. said. "The proper way ls to go to school . . . Dec. 24, 1968] Other major assignments for Mr. Mcshane and graduate." MARSHAL JAMES MCSHANE DEAD included the entry of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi, the Selma, Ala., He began working for the New York police (By John P. MacKenzie) march, the George Wallace _stand-in at the department in 1936. Before that his only James Joseph Patrick Mcshane, the chief University of Alabama, the Pentagon anti­ connection with "tough guys" was through of the country's United States Marshals, died war demonstration and Washington's riots his boxing n.ctivitles. He won the city's yesterday and the circle of those most loyal last spring. · Golden Gloves welterweight championship in to the Kennedy family suffered another He was involved in a controversy with 1930. loss. state pollce at the Mississippi Unlvel1lity FOURTEEN BRAVERY C:l'ATIONS He died at 59 at a Washington rest- home campus and only Federal immunity kept him During his 21 years with the department where he hr..d been a pneumonia patient for from answering a local indictment for "in­ he won· 14 citations for bravery. about a week. Doctors announced no official citing riot" during disturbances that en­ Only once during his career there did cause of death, prompting one fellow veter- dangered his life and those of his men. he incur the disfavor of a. superior. That was 550 EXTENSIONS .OF REMARKS f'January 13, 1969 1n 1954 when he was photographed holding Because of the teamwork problem, -the with his concern for domestic affairs and his an umbrella. over the head of world heavy­ information that the· President of the hard driving administrative style, might weight champion Rocky Marciano. United States receives from the Federal have given it a hard fight i! he had ended Although Mr. McShane, then a detective, the war in Vietnam and served a second was off duty at the time, police officials said agencies bears on only one problem, term. (Ibid., p. 388) the picture made it appear he was a body­ their problem, the need for greater ap"". guard for Marciano, and that the department propriations. The whole Budget Bureau A larger White House staff is not the had assigned a detective to an unnecessary program is bogged down on this one answer. Little State Departments set up job at a time when it was suffering from a question. Thus information filtered into in the White House basement only set manpower shortage. the White House by the Budget Bureau off fratricidal strife in an administration. He was demoted one grade and trans­ There is limit to the size that a White ferred from Manhattan to the Bronx. How.. is not bad in itself, the problem is that ever, the police commissioner reversed the our information systems are dominated House staff can grow to. If the Budget decision 10 days later and restored him to his entirely by the budget crusades of vari­ Bureau cannot do the job a President former rank and assignment. ous Federal agencies. The information needs done, and a White House staff can In 1957 Mr. Mcshane retired from the po­ system never talks back on the Presi­ only be expected to do so much, what lice department and joined the staff of the dent's behalf; that is, it never asks ques­ is the answer? I think the answer can, Senate Rackets Committee. tions, it never evaluates what is being in part, be found in a lead article writ­ He leaves his wife, Theresa, and a son, done. In short, we do not know if Fed­ ten by Chester L. Guthrie and Thomas Michael, both of the home, 1325 N. Van Dorn St., Alexandria, and a daughter, Mrs. Gerald eral programs are even working until Kennedy, published in the S.A.M. Ad­ Day, also of Alexandria. there is an explosion in the press over vanced Management Journal for Jan­ some mess or other. uary. The Subcommittee on Census and The Guthrie-Kennedy article points Statistics investigations of a few years out that basically the American Presi­ DOESN'T ANYONE WORK FOR ago showed that 1 billion reports are dency is operated in the same manner as THE PRESIDENT? required annually by the Federal Gov­ Thomas Jefferson did in his time. The ernment, and as far back as 1963, $53 picture of the President of the United million was spent just in printing Gov­ States taking reports and memorandums HON. ARNOLD OLSEN ernment forms and the reasonable cost to his bed each night, is fantastic. It is OF MONTANA of putting such forms to use comes to also impossible for the President to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 20 times that amount, the Federal Gov­ depend on briefings by Government offi­ Monday, January 13, 1969 ernment is quite active in issuing at least cials. A 15-minute briefing on each sig­ 3 million pages a year in directives. The nificant Federal function each day would Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, I would once total figure for paperwork in the Federal take 7 months, devoting the time from 8 more like to invite the attention of the Government reaches a figure of $8 bil­ a.m. to noon. House of Representatives to the reports lion. The authors point out that it is feas­ "How To Cut Paperwork"-House Report How much of this information gets ible to design and engineer a modem No. 2197, 1965, 89th Congress-issued by to the President and is useful to him information system for the President the Subcommittee on Census and Statis­ in assuming leadership of the Federal alone and the White House staff to ful­ tics, and House Report No. 52, "The Fed­ Government and representing the fill his task of bringing the Federal Gov­ eral Paperwork Jungle," issued by the American people as a whole? What tools ernment together on one team. It is nec­ same subcommittee in 1965. Much has and personnel does the President have essary to know how programs are doing been said and little has been done to im­ to make certain that the 2 million Fed­ and to improve them while they are plement these recommendations. I must eral employees are working together to­ running. This can be done by the trig­ admit I am not surprised. Wasteful pa­ wards a common goal? gering of questions through the com­ perwork practices and redtape are tem­ The White House staff of the President puter process. For instance, it is one perature readings on empire building these days runs from about 50 to 70 peo­ thing to know how many complaints are within the Federal Government. ple. It could go down to a complement filed by a regulatory agency, but it is The vast majority of Federal employ­ of 35 or so and still function at minimum quite another to know how long it took ees do a wonderful job, but the top man­ efficiency. This is hardly adequate when the same agency to act on thqse com­ agement within the career service play you consider that the President receives plaints. The same type of thing has been their own game, without strong direc­ in the range of 1 million letters a year. done by private corporations, I am told, tion, from the White House. Federal These letters, of course, are referred to and it certainly can be done for the agencies which are concerned with do­ the Federal agencies for answer, which mestic problems in the United States President of the United States. agencies the writers are usually com­ Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD find themselves after a time with a free plaining about. The job of the White hand because the President's whole con­ at this point a copy of the Guthrie-Ken­ House staff is to coordinate as much of nedy article: cern must be with foreign affairs, and the policy planning of the Government this has been the case since 1940. as possible. McGeorge Bundy, during the INFORMING THE NATION'S PRESIDENT The problem is one of information. Kennedy administration, ran a little (By Chester L. Guthrie, Special Assistant for Each agency plays its own game. It is State Department out of the basement of Research and Planning, National Archives as if the Baltimore Colts or the New York and Records Service, General Services Ad­ the White House because President Ken­ ministration, and Thomas R. Kennedy, Jets ignored their respective coaches and nedy, who held Secretary Rusk in high Subcommittee Counsel, Postal Operations quarterbacks, and each player had an esteem, thought very little of the State Subcommittee, The House of Representa­ exclusive interest in his own position. Department as an institution. tives) Federal agencies in a very real sense A recent book authored by Patrick Despite much that has been said or writ­ are at war with each other in the com­ Anderson, "The President's Men," com­ ten about the President of the United States, petition for higher appropriations. At mented on how the White House staff of and the men who have occupied that awe­ times old agencies like the Post Office President Johnson and others had to some post, little notice has been taken of Department are cut back by the Budget how they keep themselves informed and function. make their thrusts felt. Each year the Bureau and the Appropriations Commit­ Most White House liaison men have been drudgery of digging through the paper tees of the Congress cut back these agen­ spread impossibly thin. Sherman Adams of­ morass after essential information becomes cies even further. In short, it takes a ten seemed like a man trying to hold back more burdensome. disaster or the threat of disaster to ob­ the governmental tide with a single bucket. Chester L. Guthrie, Special Assistant for tain higher appropriations for old-line Sorensen was often preoccupied with Research and Planning in the National agencies. Former Postmaster General speech-writing, and his two aides, Feldman Archives and Records Service of the General O'Brien played this kind of game very and White, more or less divided up the gov­ Services Administration, began his career in well. He filled the press with prophecies ernment between them. Similarly, Califano the National Archives in 1937. During World of chaos and disaster for the postal serv­ is overburdened and McPherson's duties as War II he transferred to the Navy as a Sys­ speechwriter cut into the time he has !or tems Consultant and later, in uniform, serveSoviet Union. Soviet airbases Monday, January 13, 1969 that real analysis is needed in a depth not scrambled. The situation was more than Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, Dr. normally gone into by computer system ana­ serious since President Kennedy had or­ Solomon Levadi, a resident of my con­ lysts and information system designers. dered such flights discontinued months gressional district, has been endeavoring Probably, a multi-discipline team would be before. An immediate explanation of the needed to interpret presidential objectives for a number of years to secure a waiver into those which could be applied to func­ incident was made by President Kennedy of the statute of limitations so that his tions or groups of functions. Certainly, the to the Soviets while the plane was in claim for service-connected disability 3000 plus functions should be regrouped in­ fiight and nothing further happened. might be heard in the Court of Claims to meaningful categories, even if such cate- President Kennedy is supposed to have on its merits. 554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1-969 I have introduced legislation in behalf It is a double privilege to visit the home base cept my sincere congratulations on the hu­ of Dr. Levadi in two previous Congresses. of a distinguished Congressman who has man concern that prompted the achievement , Although it has been passed by the House given leadership and committed himself we celebrate today. In a sense, through this on two occasions, it has not been acted completely to the housing concepts expressed structure you acknowledge the contribution here. As administrators-local or federal­ of your older citizens to the strength and upon by the Senate. I am, therefore, we must not foregt that our potential for well-being of the City, the County, and the today reintroducing this legislation, and achievement is possible only when legisla­ nation. You tell them by this action that urge that every consideration be given tors like William Moorhead understand the they are both loved and respected. You also to prompt and favorable action on this human needs of the society in which we live provide a setting in which they may have bill so that Dr. Levadi might be given and commit themselves to imaginative and their cherished independence and a base an opportunity to present his case before sound legislation for solutions. I'm sure this from which they may provld·e a unique brand the court. handsome facility reflects the high purposes of leadership based on the experience and Congressman Moorhead and his colleagues on wisdom of their years. In short, you have the House Banking and Currency Committee provided an opportunity in these 100 apart­ had in mind when they legislated to make it ments for a normal and useful life. The HUD EXPERT CITES NEED TO COM­ possible. glory of this achievement, however, ls the BINE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE Congressman Moorhead brings to that evidence of community concern and com­ INDUSTRY RESOURCES TO MEET Committee personal knowledge of housing munl ty pride in programs of deep social val­ HOUSING NEEDS problems from his service as a member of ue and significance for a worthy segment of the Allegheny County Housing Authority our society. from 1956 to 1958. Since his election to Con­ This occasion is an appropriate time to re­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD gress in 1958, he has been an ardent supporter flect a moment on what ls motivating the OF PENNSYLVANIA of housing and community improvement pro­ massive local, state and national programs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grams. He has worked continually to see that under way or under study in nearly every low income people in his district are provided department and level of government for our Monday, January 13, 1969 with standard housing. But his interest and increasing numbers of older citizens. Why, work go beyond good shelter. for example, has HUD committed itself to Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, a week In the Congressional hearings of 1967, Mr. help finance approximately three billion dol­ after the 90th Congress adjourned, it was Moorhead introduced a plan for tenant serv­ lars worth of housing specially designed for my privilege to attend in my home city ices in public housing so human dividends senior citizens? of Pittsburgh the dedication of the 100- could emanate from the base of standard A brief look backward in time tells us that unit Wilmerding apartments for the housing. The Moorhead provision appeared at the turn of the century, the average life elderly, built through the cooperation of in both the 1967 and 1968 bill. expectancy was less than 50 years. Society private enterprise and the Department Today, this far-sighted provision is part of was poised b · tween the old agricultural and the law of this land. Thus, the Moorhead the new industrial way of life. Men still put of Housing and Urban Development. philosophy of combining better housing with in almost every daylight hour working at At the dedication, Mrs. Marie C. Mc­ opportunities for personal development of their jobs, and women's work literally never Guire, HUD's Assistant for Problems of the people has become part of this country's was done. At that time, the tasks to be per­ the Elderly and Handicapped, delivered concept of improved urban life. formed at each stage of life were well defined. an excellent address entitled "Housing Here in Allegheny County, you also are They were sanctioned by society and the for the Elderly: Community Improve­ demonstrating another important aspect of rules and expectations were well known to all ment in Wilmerding." the nation's effort in general community age groups. A man set the goals for his adult In her address, Mrs. McGuire outlined improvement. In this regard, I refer to the life, launched himself in a career, started his involvement of the business community as family, and found his place in this com­ the tremendous task facing this Nation an indispensable partner in your broad com­ munity. When this adult pattern was estab­ to provide decent housing for our low­ munity improvement programs. It is all too lished, it tended to remain relatively un­ and middle-income citizens. This task clear that if we are to improve the quality changed, except for catastrophic interven­ requires the combination of the concern of life in this nation, it will be achieved only tions, such as war or economic depression, and know-how of private industry with by the blending and involvement of all re­ until, at what is now considered middle age, the resources and legal authority of all sources. In short, the concern and know-how death overtook him. levels of government, Mrs. McGuire said. of private industry must be combined with But this was the turn of the century. the resources and legal authority at all levels Since that time we have experienced a bio­ Under leave to extend my remarks, I in­ of government. The establishment of the logical revolution, have gone through the sert Mrs. McGuire's address at this point Urban Institute last year and the recent impact of a technological explosion, and are 1n the RECORD and commend it to the creation of the National Housing Partnership trying to comprehend and harness its attention of my colleagues: and appointments to it amrm this approach miracles. HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY: COMMUNITY IM­ as an important part of our national philos­ The biological revolution resulted in a con­ PROVEMENT IN WILMERDING ophy. We see strong evidence here today of commitant burgeoning in the number of old (Address by Mrs. Marie C. McGuire, Assistant the effectiveness of such a partnership-the people in the population. The effect of hav­ for Problems of the Elderly and Handi­ provision of good housing and a good living ing created a soil and climate which nurtured capped, U.S. Department of Housing and environment for your older citizens with our well-being was to catapult the total Urban Development, at the dedication of limited economic resources. Their dignity, population from 75 million at the beginning Wilmerding Apartments, Allegheny County their pride, their comfort, their safety-all of the century to 200 milllon, and it is still Housing Authority, Wilmerding, Pa., Octo­ are enhanced by this accomplishment we growing. In short, three new phases were ber 21, 1968) dedicate today. added to the life cycle-a middle age oriented We know only too well that for financial toward living for an extended period of time; SUMMARY reasons too many senior citizens are forced a stage of later maturity, oriented toward The concern and know-how of private in­ to occupy substantial dwellings in build­ achieving maximum self-fulfillment (and dustry must be combined with the resources ings which are dilapidated and lacking in these apartments are planned for people in and legal authority at all levels of govern­ modern facilities. Others live in big this stage of life) ; and old age itself. ment. It is all too clear that if we are to im­ old homes which were fine when they had While an additional 25 years have been prove the quality of life in this nation, it will growing families, but now are much too added to the life span, social and economic be achieved only by the blending and in­ large for one or two people. Others live changes have not kept pace. Thus, these volvement of all resources. The effectiveness squeezed in with their married children­ added years are marked by reduced incomes of such a partnership is the provision of good with no privacy and an atmosphere likely and for some, poverty results from retire­ housing and good living environment for to cause family confiicts. Some live in board­ ment. For others in a period of waning physi­ your older citizens with limited economic re­ ing houses and yes, I've even seen dirt :floor cal energy and increasing disab111ty, we have sources. This community has provided an garages, to say nothing of old third and been slow in providing support. When pro­ opportunity in these 100 apartments for a fourth rate hotels-generally firetraps-as found changes in living arrangements are normal and useful life. The glory of this the residential setting we provide to many required, the community may not accept re­ achievement is the evidence of community people in the later years of life. In addition, sponsibility for solution. concern and community pride in programs of more and more nursing home and hospital Thus, we see that the strong impact of so­ the Department of Housing and Urban De­ beds are occupied by older people only be­ cial and economic change on the individual velopment and other programs of the Fed­ cause they cannot get suitable care any­ during these 25 added years has or should eral Government affording social values and where else. Of this group, the most tragic have a like impact on community plans and significance for the senior citizens of our are these older well and non-psychotic citi­ programs. society. zens who occupy beds in mental institu­ Today, we are racing to catch up with the It is indeed a privilege to participate in tions for the sole reason that their commu­ realities of longevity! An Admimstration on this dedication, with city, county, housing nities do not offer housing and services ade­ Aging in HEW, working in close concert with and other Allegheny County omcials and quate to their needs or pocketbooks. the 49 State and Territorial Commissions on citizens on this happy Monday afternoon. And so my friends of Wilmerding, ac- Aging, has been established; medical aid pro- 'January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 555 grams have been enacted; the Office of Eco­ that the industry has reached a con­ protect the privacy of the consumer •• will nomic Opportunity has its Older Persons sensus. enable credit granters to intelligently and Program which provides opportunities for "Credit Bureau Guidelines To Protect profitably extend credit .•. and will enhance the elderly poor; the Department of Labor the credit economy of this country which is training and employment programs for the Consumer Privacy" are a response to the so important +.o our American economy. older worker and the removal of age discrimi­ special subcommittee's concern and to an We are deeply indebted to the many people nation in employment have been initiated; understandable desire on the part of the who have contributed to this study and we Social Security payments have increased to credit industry to update its procedures welcome the opportunity to explain these alleviate stark poverty for many. and image. At 4 o'clock this afternoon I guidelines and their rationale to members of Schools at all levels, including universities, am going to have a meeting with repre­ Congress, and to all who are interested in offer opportunities for continuing education sentatives of the nine participating asso­ the Protection of Privacy. or training for a second career. The Special JOHN L. SPAFFORD, Committee on Aging of the U.S. Senate con­ ciations to discuss the thinking and rea­ Executive Vice President, Associated tinues to delve into retirement years problems soning that went into the preparation of Credit B~reaus, Inc. seeking practical and workable solutions. Yes, these guidelines. our society is at last adjusting to the impact Mr. Speaker, I am pleased that the AsSOCIATIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE DEVELOP• of the phenomenon of longevity, especially credit industry is ready to discharge its MENT OF THESE GUIDELINES in recent years. responsibilities to the special subcom­ American Bankers Association. In housing, as you evidence today, we have mitee. After the meeting this afternoon, American Industrial Bankers Association. moved forward with new approaches as well I intend to submit these guidelines to American Petroleum Crecat Association. as continuing and expanding appropriations the careful review of the many inter­ American Retail Federation. for existing programs to provide additional ested citizens who have contacted my Associated Cree.it Bureaus, Inc. housing through public and private efforts International Consumer Credit Association. for the elderly renter and homeowner. New office and the special subcommittee, National Consumer Finance Association. programs, such as rent supplements and thereby gathering further data to assist National Foundation.for Consumer Credit. model cities, promise to improve the quality the Congress in evaluating the indus­ National Retail Merchants Association. of life among our senior citizens in slum and try's effort. blighted areas. The "turnkey" and leasing Members of the credit industry have CREDIT BUREAU GUIDELINES To PROTECT programs in public housing are playing in­ CONSUMER PRIVACY creasingly effective roles in increasing the been exceedingly responsive to the ques­ supply of low-income housing. In addition, tions and the doubts which have been A. CONSUMERS' RIGHT TO KNOW there are new programs of direct loans and raised about the procedures of credit bu­ 1. The Credit Bureau shall provide trained grants for home rehabilitation. In short, the reaus. These guidelines reflect a willing­ personnel to interview and counsel with con­ older citizen properly and finally will be of­ ness to change and a desire to bring the sumers during normal business office hours. fered choices of living arrangements. credit bureau practices into harmony 2. The consumer shall furnish full identi­ The nursing home program, and the neigh­ with new social conditions. It is my hope fication and shall sign a statement granting borhood facilities grant program are helping that the commendably forthright atti­ immunity from legal action both to the many communities to develop programs re­ credit bureau and to its sources of informa­ sponsive to varying health and leisure time tude exhibited by the ACB leadership tion. The bureau shall then upon request needs. will be translated into effective policy by disclose the content and the sources of in­ The elderly will share in the new assistance its members. formation in its mal>ter file to such con­ programs for rental housing and homeowner­ For, Mr. Speaker, the granting of sumer. ship among low and moderate income fami­ credit and the exchange of credit infor­ 3. The bureau shall make any necessary lies in the 1968 Housing Act. Nonprofit groups mation are essential to the strength of reinvestigation and perform any necessary updating of records (including public rec­ will receive non-interest bearing loans to the American economy. My concern and help them plan housing for those in the low­ ords) at no cost to the consumer for the in­ moderate income levels. Home rehabilitation that of the special subcommittee has not terview or for the reinvestigation. However, programs will be extended and improved. been to inhibit the free ft.ow of credit; in the case of a consumer who has not been These are only a few of the advances which rather we have attempted to assure that refused credit, if a reinvestigation of certain are being provided under President Johnson's credit records are accurate and con­ items is required, a modest fee (not exceed­ leadership, together with Secretary Weaver fidential, that data gained for credit ing the cost of a revised report) may be and a Congress that is concerned and respon­ decisions are used solely for that pur­ charged. sive to our urban needs. pose, and that the individual may fully B. SERVICE TO NON-CREDIT GRANTING GOVERN­ CONCLUSION exercise his rights as a consumer as well MENTAL AGENCIES So, we see this building, and those to come, as receiving his complete constitutional 1. Identifying information such as names. not only as good shelter and a rewarding guarantees as an American citizen. addresses, former addretses, places of em­ environment for all its occupants, but also Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to insert the ployment or former employment may be as part of a national effort to respond to the "Credit Bureau Guidelines To Protect supplied to such agencies under contract. many-faceted changes in our social and eco­ 2. Any other information in the credit nomic structure due to the increase in our Consumer Privacy" into the RECORD at bureau file, unless the investigation is for life span. this point, as well as the covering letter security purposes, will be supplied only in Again, may I congratulate the publlc and and a list of the organizations which par­ response to legal process. private leadership that has brought us to ticipated in their formulation: C. SERVICE TO BUSINESSES, PROFESSIONS, AND this happy day in Wilmerding. JANUARY 13, 1969. INDIVIDUALS Two years ago the Associated Credit 1. Credit bureaus shall require service con­ Bureaus, Inc., the trade association for credit tracts in which the regular subscriber or the bureaus, began an intensive study of the occasional user c·ertifies that inquiries will be policies, procedures and operations of mem­ made only for the purposes of credit grant­ CREDIT BUREAU GUIDELINES TO ber credit bureaus. The purpose of this study PROTECT CONSUMER PRIVACY ing or other bona fide business transactions, was to make certain that credit bureau mem­ such as evaluation of present or prospective bers of ACB were accomplishing two im­ credit risks or evaluation of the qualifica­ portant objectives: tions of present or prospective employees. HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER 1. Protecting the privacy of the individual 2. The bureau shall refuse service to any OF NEW JERSEY consumer who buys on credit. prospective subscriber or user who will not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2. Making it possible for bona fide credit so certify, and shall discontinue service to granters to intelligently evaluate a prospec­ any who fail to honor the above contract Monday, January 13, 1969 tive applicant for credit through the use ot provisions. complete credit information from the local Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, when credit bureau. D. PERSONNEL REPORTING the Special Subcommittee on Invasion of This study has resulted in a set of guide­ A credit bureau which furnishes personnel Privacy, of which I have the privilege to lines which we feel insure the accomplish­ reporting service shall adopt rigid safeguards be chairman, held hearings into commer­ ment of the above objectives. These guide­ in order that the specialized information de­ cial credit bureaus in March 1968, the lines are the result of intensive research and veloped in the course of such investigations shall be maintained separately, and shall not credit industry agreed to undertake a study. They were developed by credit grant­ be incorporated in credit reports or made major review of its procedures and to re­ ers representing all segments of consumer credit; by representative credit bureau man­ available to subsequent inquirers except in port back to us on proposed reforms. The agers; through discussions with legislators connection with a subsequent personnel in­ Associated Credit Bureaus, Inc., the and their staffs at both the state and federal vestigation. major industry trade association, has levels; and through consultation with var­ E. CREDIT BUREAU FILE CONTENT sponsored a number of meetings since ious interested educators and attorneys. 1 (a). A credit bureau shall systematically that time and I am pleased to announce It is our belief that these guidelines will record bankruptcies, suits and judgments. 556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 tax liens, legal separations, divorces, news­ the events as we change lea.dershlp in 16, 1930. Two days later he was given a tem­ paper clippings, and records of arrest, indict­ the White House. porary assignment as Vice Consul at the U.S. ment or conviction of crimes. Embassy in Alexandria, Egypt. On February (b) In reporting such information a credit Most hope the new President will offer 2<>, 1932 he returned to the United States to bureau shall show full details including the a change-at least a removal of some of attend the Foreign Service School and on date of the item, and whether the disposition the old untouchables who have in the July 26, 1932 was appointed Vice Consul at or adjudication is shown in the bureau :file. past played such an ignominous role in the U.S. Embassy in Warsaw, Poland. While In revising a report, the bureau shall make the destruction of the United States as in this assignment he kept company with a reasonable effort to learn and report dispo­ intended by our forefathers. Polish national, 'Miss Irena Oldakowska, to sition of each such item. No untouchable on the new team is whom he b~ame engaged. On August 14, (c) In evaluating such information, the better identified than Charles Woodruff 1933 Yost was resigned from the State De­ credit granter is urged by the bureau to in­ partment and thirteen months later, on Sep­ quire further as to the details and disposi­ Yost-recommended for U.S. Ambassa­ tember 8, 1934, he and Miss Oldakowska were tion of any items of significance to his credit dor to the U.N. married. decision, or authorize the bureau to do so. Does not the FBI know? Should not Yost's activities from the time of his 2. A credit bureau shall systematically re­ the appointor? Will the U.S. Senate con­ resignation from the State Department until cord non-responsibility notices, records of firm? he returned in 1935 to work in the U.S. accounts placed for collection, and voluntary Mr. Speaker, I ask that the Herald of government are quite vague, being covered in notices received from credit granters. Freedom for January 10, 1968, published his biographies under the title of "free-lance 3. If feasible, a credit bureau is urged to journalist." In supplying information to his systematically record consumer financing by Frank A. Capell, Box 3, Zarephath, biographies Yost claims to have had stories statements (known in some states as chattel N.J., follow my remarks: and articles published in Harper's Magazine, mortgages or conditional sales contracts). HON. CHARLES WOODRUFF YOST Scribner's Magazine and various newspapers. 4. The filing of property deeds and mort­ Although President-elect Nixon won the A careful search of the Readers Guide to gages shall be at the option of the credit undying hatred of U.S. liberals when he ex­ Periodical Literature, the International In­ bureau. posed the pro-Soviet espionage activities of dex to Periodicals, the N.Y. Times Index and F. FILE RETENTION PROCEDURES Alger Hiss and trapped him when hls lying other reference works failed to produce any denials had almost convinced everyone of his mention of his writings during this entire All procedures indicated in this section two year period. The only article listed even are stated in terms of length of time the innocence, his appointees all seem quite ac­ ceptable to the liberal establishment. Mr. near this period was the article in the July specified items are to be reported. The in­ 1930 issue of Scribner's, based on his col­ tent is to insure the mandatory reporting Nixon's "surprise move" in picking Charles W. Yost as U.S. Ambassador to the United lege vacation trip. of the specified items for the time periods Nations has been especially warmly received. One thing Yost is known to have done indicated, and the discontinuance of report­ It is undoubtedly even pleasing to Mr. Hiss during this period, however, was to attend ing after such time periods have expired. who is a long-time friend and associate of a communist indoctrination course at Mos­ Whenever it is ascertained that a specified Mr. Yost, who worked with him in the act­ cow University in 1934. This was his third item in the bureau file is to be reported no ual founding of the U.N. trip to the Soviet Union, having previously longer, such item is to be deleted from the The N.Y. Times, describing Yost as a been there in 1929 and 1933. Yost attended file as soon as practical. "real professional" diplomat, stated: the training session at the Anglo-American 1. A credit bureau shall report bankrupt­ "The immediate reaction to news of his Institute of the First Moscow University. In cies of all types for not longer than 14 years appointment, from diplomats of all coun­ the Senate Internal Security Hearings on from the date of adjudication of the most tries, was: 'At last the United States has ap­ U.S. Citizens Employed by the U.N., Julia recent bankruptcy. pointed a real professional.' Older Bazer took the Fifth Amendment re­ 2. A credit bureau shall report records of "A senior United States Foreign Service garding studying at the Anglo-American accounts placed for collection and records officer was quoted as saying: 'All he needs is Institute and regarding her Communist of accounts charged to Profit and Loss for a deep breath and he's ready to go into the Party membership. In the California Hear­ not longer than 7 years, or until the govern­ game. He knows all the plays already.' ings in 1953 Dr. Holland DeWitt Roberts (an ing statute of limitations has expired "Mr. Yost himself expressed enthusiasm identified Communist) took the Fifth (whichever is the longer period). for the appointment today. He said: 'I have Amendment when questioned about having 3 (a). A credit bureau shall report suits always said we should strengthen our effort taken the course at the Anglo-American and judgments for not longer than 7 years in the United Nations and now I am being Institute. from date of entry, or until the governing given a chance to do something about it.'" During the first part of 1935, Yost again statute of limitations has expired (which­ Mr. Nixon himself was quoted as stating secured employment with the U.S. govern­ ever is the longer period) . that the United States was "entering a new ment but this particular position is also left (b) . A credit bureau shall report paid tax era" in its relationship with the U .N. in out of his biographies (including the official liens for not longer than 7 years. But there which "what was needed was a skilled profes­ State Department Biographical Register). He is no limitation on reporting of unpaid tax sional diplomat who could do the day-to-day returned to government as an assistant in liens, because of no statute of limitations on work of the UN on a very effective basis­ the Resettlement Administration of which such items. one who knew the UN and therefore . . . the General Counsel was an admitted identi­ 4. A credit bureau shall report records of could strengthen the role of the UN." Calling fied Communist, Lee Pressman. From here arrest, indictment or conviction of crimes the Yost appointment "one of the best I have Yost moved back into the State Department, for not longer than 7 years from the date made," Mr. Nixon stated that Yost "will con­ receiving an appointment as divisional as­ of release or parole. Such items shall no tribute to the policy. His advice will be sistant in the new Office of Arms and Muni­ longer be reported if at any time it is learned sought and his counsel will be weighed." He tions Control which had been established to that in the case of a conviction a full pardon stated that Yost will sit with the National carry out the registration of manufacturers has been granted, or in the case of an ar­ Security Council and the Cabinet when mat­ and the issuance of export licenses under the rest or indictment a conviction did not ters affecting the United Nations are on the direction of the Munitions Control Board. result. agenda. From 1934 to 1935 Alger Hiss was legal as­ 5. A credit bureau shall report any other Charles Woodruff Yost was born at Water­ sistant to the Special Senate Committee In­ adverse data not otherwise specified in this town, N.Y., on November 6, 1907, the son of vestigating the Munitions Industry. Hiss ad­ section for not longer than 7 years. Nicholas Doxtater Yost and the former Ger­ vised Whittaker Chambers that his position 6. A credit bureau shall delete as soon as trude Cooper. He graduated from Hotchkiss was so strong that he could use the authority practical any item of derogatory information School, Lakeville, Conn., in 1924 and whlle of the Senate Committee to secure confi­ whenever it is ascertained that the source there wrote articles for the school magazine. dential documents from the State Depart­ of information can no longer verify the item He entered Princeton in 1924 where he ma­ ment so Chambers could photograph them in question from its records of original entry. jored in history and worked on the Daily and turn them over to the Communist Party. Princetonian. During one of his vaca­ Chambers discussed this with J. Peters tions, he made a cross-country trip in an (alias Sandor Goldberger, alias Isador Bor­ ancient Dodge and several years later wrote stein, alias many other names) , head of UNTOUCHABLES RETURN­ an article concerning his trip. It was pub­ Soviet espionage activities in the United CHARLES W. YOST lished under the title of "Holiday" in States, who approved of Hiss requesting docu­ Scribner's Magazine of July 1930. After ments from the State Department to be receiving his AB degree from ~rinceton, Yost turned over to Chambers for espionage HON. JOHN R. RARICK studied at the Ecole des Hautes Internation­ purposes. ales of the University of Paris for one year. On September 19, 1935 Charles Yost was OF LOUISIANA Before returning to the United States, he made assistant chief of the Division of Arms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES visited and travelled in the Soviet Union and and Munitions Control of the State Depart­ Monday, January 13, 1969 Balkan countries. ment. In 1941 he represented the State De­ Yost was appointed as a foreign service of­ partment on the Policy Committee of the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, many ficer unclassified in the Department of State Board of Economic warfare which had as Americans have been eagerly watching with the rank of Vice Consul on December its assistant director Frank Virginius Coe, January 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Communist and Soviet intelUgence agent. U.S. Embassy in Paris and once again was ance as this could make him subject to Com­ Also connected with the Board of Economic sent to a trouble spot as Ambassador to munist pressure. warfare were Nathan Gregory Silverniaster Syria on December 26, 1957. Syria became Yost now lives on East End Avenue, New and Michael Greenberg, both Soviet agents. socialist and joined the United Arab Repub­ York City, but will be moving to Suite 42-A, By this time Yost and Hiss had long been lic. Thereafter Yost returned to Washington Waldorf Towers. He and his wife have three closely associated, even to the extent of Yost to become a member of the Policy Planning children-a son, Nicholas, now age 30, who being entertained in Hiss's apartment. Whit­ Staff and . was soon moved along to become is Deputy Attorney General of California; a taker Chambers stated that Hiss reported to Ambassador to Morocco, July 16, 1958. While son, Casimir, age 24, who is teaching at the him sometime during 1936 or 1937 that he there he negotiated the turning over of the International College and American School considered Yost a good prospect for the un­ U.S. military bases, built at a cost of over $1 in Beirut, Lebanon; and a daughter, Felicity, derground espionage unit then operating in billion, to the Moroccan Government. who is a student at Pine Manor Junior Col­ Washington, D.C. After completing his assignment in Mo­ lege at Chestnut, Hill, Mass. Yost is a Demo­ This· underground had originated from P. rocco Yost began to work at the U.N. where crat who not only voted for Hubert Hum­ Communist cell set up by Harold Ware in he worked from 1961 until his retirement 1n phrey but headed Humphrey's study group the Agriculture Department. Ware, son of 1966. He held the Number 3 post under Ste­ on international organizations and peace "Mother" Bloor, well known American Com­ venson and was Number 2 man under Arthur keepin5. munist, had gone to the Soviet Union in Goldberg. Upon his retirement Yost was em­ It is interesting to note that Yost's first 1929 and returned to the United States to ployed as a salaried "senior fellow" by the known contact with the Soviet Union dates make the first known penetration of the Council on Foreign Relations where he re­ back to 1929 when he made a trip to the U.S. government. The original cell developed mained until tapped by the Nixon Adminis­ USSR which had not as yet been recognized into a tidy organized underground, managed tration for the top U.S. spot in the United by the United States Government. It was dur­ by a directory of several men. In time it in­ Nations. ing 1929 that plans were being made to in­ cluded a number of secret sub-cells whose Yost has long been known to U.S. intelli­ filtrate the U.S. Government with important total membership was approximately seven­ gence services as a serious security risk but, Communists going to the Soviet Union for ty-five. J. Peters, head of U.S. Soviet espio­ in spite of continuous derogatory reports, has their indoctrination and instructions. Harold nage activities, decided to separate the most been given one security clearance after an­ Ware, as we have noted, spent a period of likely Communists in this underground and other on the basis of "higher authority." He time during 1929 in the Soviet Union and spread them around in other government de­ has reportedly been closely associated with came back to the United States to begin partments and parallel apparatuses, rig­ a number of individuals who have direct forming Communist cells among U.S. gov­ orously segregated and subdivided with connections in varying degrees with Soviet ernment employees. Lement Upham (Lem) additional Communists from other under­ espionage, the Communist Party, Communist Harris, a high ranking wealthy U.S. Com­ grounds in Washington. Although Whittaker front organizations and Communist sympa­ munist, was also in the Soviet Union in 1929. Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley defected thizers. Among those with whom he main­ He came back to the United States and was and exposed a number of Washington Com­ tained close contact and association were: the dispensor of secret Communist Party munists, there were other cells which were William C. Moore, formerly of the Division funds to be used in the espionage and sub­ never exposed. for Soviet Supply in the Office of the Lend versive movement. When Harold Ware was On June 1, 1942, Charles Yost was ap­ Lease Administration, who approved a re­ killed at an early age in an automobile ac­ pointed Assistant Chief of Special Research lease certificate for the exporting of atomic cident, his widow (Jessica Smith) married where he worked under Leo Pasvolsky, Chief material to the Soviet Union, as disclosed by John Abt, who was also a member of the of the Division, with whom he was to be Major Racey Jordan in his diaries. Major Communist espionage group operating in the closely associated then and later at the Jordan commented that if General Groves, U.S. government at that time. Lee Pressman, formation of the United Nations. On Decem­ who was in charge of the atomic project, had who worked with Yost in the job not men­ ber 18, 1942, Yost was appointed to the Divi­ been consulted the atomic material would tioned in the Yost biographies, was a mem­ sion of European Affairs; Nov. 17, 1943, he never have left the United States. ber of the Harold Ware espionage cell as was made assistant chief of the Division of Philip Jessup, who was refused confirma­ was Alger Hiss. Foreign Activity Correlation and on Feb. 22, tion as American Ambassador to the U.N. by Yet with injured innocence Hiss was able 1944 was moved up to become executive sec­ the U.S. Senate in 1951 and now is a member to testify before the House Committee on retary of the Department of State Policy of the World Court. Jessup and Yost were Un-American Activities on August 5, 1948: Committee. both active members of the Washington "I am not and never have been a member In the Spring of 1945 Yost became assist­ Branch of the subversive Institute of Pacific of the Communist Party. I am not and never ant to the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation Relations, officially cited in the Guide to have been a member of any Communist front at the U.N. Conference on International Or­ Subversive Organizations as follows: organization. I have never followed the Com­ ganization where he worked together with "The IPR was a vehicle used by the Com.­ munist Party line directly or indirectly. To Alger Hiss, Philip Jessup and Leo Pasvolsky the best of my knowledge none of my friends in the formation of the U.N. He had previ­ munists to orientate American far eastern ously worked as an aide to Secretary of State policies toward Communist objectives." is a Communist." Edward Stettinius at Dumbarton Oaks for "Members of the small core of officials and Although Hiss worked with the Commu­ the preliminaries to the founding of the staff members who controlled IPR were nists and supplied secret U.S. Government U.N. In July 1945 Yost was made Secretary either Communist or pro-Communist." The documents to Chambers to photograph and General of the U.S. Delegation to the Pots­ American Communist Party and Soviet offi­ transmit to the Soviets, he may have con­ dam Conference, the infamous meeting cials considered the organization "an instru­ sidered himself just as "internationalist." which resulted in the yielding of the Bal­ ment of Communist policy, propaganda and There are many who feel that they are work­ kans and other countries of East Europe to military intelligence." (Senate Judiciary ing for the good of the world and assuring Soviet control. Alger Hiss had held this posi­ Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Insti­ future "peace" when they work to eliminate tion at Yalta, where a dying Roosevelt gave tute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 223 · our national sovereignty. This does not mean concession after concession to Stalin. and 225.) that they are any the less traitors but it Thereafter Yost was given important as­ It was due almost exclusively to the activ­ makes them feel noble and misunder­ signments which included being Secretary ities of the IPR that the United States used stood ... it also makes them heroes to ,those General of the U.S. Delegation to the Berlin its influence to turn China over to the Com­ who think as they do. Conference in 1945, U.S. Political Advisor to munists. Jessup also appeared as a character The U.N. is the vehicle through which the the Commanding General of the India­ witness at the trial of Alger Hiss for perjury. internationalists plan to take the United Burma Theatre, September 1945, Political Hiss was convicted in spite of his important States into world government. The machin­ Advisor, to the U.S. Delegation to the U.N., character witnesses. ery is all there, well oiled and greased with October 1946, as well as being First Secretary Henry Julian Wadleigh, identified as a U.S. taxpayers' money, kept running by U.S. of the U.S. Embassy in Prague and Counsellor Communist and soviet agent, employed as an · "internationalists" and Soviet Communists of the American Legation at Vienna (1947- economist in the State Department before who happily spar with words and collaborate 49). On May 10, 1949. Yost was made Special going over to the Treasury Department to behind the scenes. International civil ser­ Assistant to the Ambassador-at-Large and in work with the Soviet agents there. Wad­ vants are not supposed to have narrow na­ December of the same year was made Direc­ leigh was also a friend of Leo Pasvolsky and tional interests although the Communists tor of the Office of East European Affairs, in Hiss as well as Yost. always seem to advance their own interests which position he controlled much U.S. pol­ Charles Yost was lis·ted among those con­ which are to capture the world. icy toward the Communist-controlled coun­ sidered by Scott McLeod 1iO be serious secu­ The American people as a whole do not tries. September 1950 found him in Athens, rity risks and is, in fact, one of the twenty­ think much of the U.N. It was forced down Greece with the rank of Minister, then in eight individuals listed in Treason Is the their throats and well financed propagan­ August 1953 he was made Deputy High Com­ Reason as being subject to the orders of So­ dists have been working ever since to make missioner for Austria and then U.S. Ambas­ viet Intelligence. Yost admitted to U.S. in­ them think that it is "the hope of the sador to Laos which had not much time left telligence investigators in 1953 that his wife world." International man is trying to play before it went under Communist control. had many relatives (uncles, aunts, cousins, God and make man over in what he thinks From July 29, 1956 to October 2, 1956 he was etc.) residing in Communist Poland. This his image should be. While most Americans assigned as Counsellor and Minister at the fact alone should deny him security clear- look upon the U.N as just a glorified debat- 558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 13, 1969 Ing society which has been completely in­ do so would· be a thoughtful, resPonsive returns. To raise the Viet Nam-inflated forces, effective in its "peace-keeping" role, it has step in carrying out the responsibilities the Department of Defense has relied on the the ,potential to become much more dan­ of leadership. draft to bring in about one-third of new gerous and the men Mr; Nixon is selecting troops and on the scare power of the draft to help run his Administration seem to be The Time essay follows: to induce thousands of others to "volunteer." heavily on the world government side. THE CASE FOR A VOLUNTEER ARMY The draftees go to the Army, mostly to the Both Mr. Nixon and Mr. Yost have spoken The concept of a volunteer armed force for infantry; the glamorous Air Force never has of "strengthening the role of the U .N." so the U.S. is one of the few national proposi­ to draft anyone, and the Navy and Marines we have no reason to believe that the dor­ tions that have scarcely a single enemy. only rarely. mant monster will not now begin to stir. President-elect Richard Nixon is strongly for The Defense Department's study of the It is possible that the American people will it. The Department of Defense holds that practicability of a volunteer army, made five be so weary of anarchy at home and loss of "reliance upon volunteers is clearly in the years ago, proved to the department's satis­ loved ones in futile wars abroad that they interest of the armed forces." Such conserva­ faction that it still would not work. Even will welcome the firm hand of world gov­ tives as Barry Goldwater and William Buck­ allowing for growth in military-age popula­ ernment, hoping for relief from the turmoil. ley back the idea, and so do many liberals, tion, DOD found that it could not expect to If they turn to the U.N. for "security" they including James Farmer and David Dellinger. get more than 2,000,000 men, at least 700,000 will soon find to their sorrow that they have Young men under the shadow of the draft short of pre-Viet Nam needs. As for the pos­ accepted slavery. The U.N. Security Council want it, and so do their parents. Most of sibilities of increasing incentives, the Pen­ has the power to create an armed force to American tradition from the Founding tagon concluded that "pay a.lone is a less po­ compel obedience to its decrees in which the Fathers on down is in favor, as were the un­ tent factor than might be expected" and that American people will have no say whatso­ told millions of immigrants who came to fringe benefits have small appeal for young ever. Mr. Yost and his international civil America to avoid forced service in the con­ men not deeply conscious of the value of servants will decide what is "best" for them script armies of czars and kaisers. medical care or retirement pay. On the other and an international police force will en­ A volunteer armed force would seem to hand, Richard Nixon to the old American force their decisions. Reportedly Canada have something for everybody. For the Pen­ idea that it should be possible to devise in­ has been transforming its army into just tagon, it would provide a careerist body of centives-pay am')ng them-that will draw such a force. We have seen the havoc and men staying in the ranks long enough to men into service. terror created by the U.N. "peace-keeping" learn their jobs and do them well; as it is 93 The Pentagon's estimates of pay in.creases forces in Katanga ... the same murderous percent of drafted soldiers leave the service sufficient to attract a volunteer army ranged forces can be unleased in the United States when their two-year tour of duty ends. For startlingly from $4 billion to $17 billion a when it submits to world government in the constitutionalists, a volunteer army would year; Nixon says that he has found "author­ form of the United Nations. affirm the principle that free men should not itative "studies" suggesting that a volunteer Not only should the appointment of Mr. be forced into involuntary servitude in viola­ force could be set up for $5 billion to $7 bil­ Yost be protested, but a concerted effort tion of the 13th Amendment. For philoso­ lion extra. The Pentagon speculates that pen­ should be made to see that the "role of the phers, it would restore freedom of choice; if sions for a volunteer army might be astro­ U .N." is not strengthened. The most tragic a man wants to be a soldier, he can do so, nomical, but presumably they would at least thing that could ever happen to the Ameri­ and if not, he does not have to. The idea also partly and eventually replace the $6 billion can people would be to have their wonderful appeals to all those who have become in­ a year (sixth largest single item in the fed­ Constitution supplanted by the conniving creasingly aware that the draft weighs un­ eral budget) that the nation pays to ex­ United Nations Charter. It is time Ameri­ fairly upon the poor and the black, the drop­ servicemen who feel that something is their cans remember that the U.S. Government is out and the kid who does not get to college. due for having been drafted. Savings in train­ their servant and not their master, and that For all this rare unanimity of opinion, ing costs could run to $750 million a year, their rights are derived from God and not however, it seems hardly likely that the U.S. according to the Department of Defense; an­ Earl Warren. will soon achieve what Nixon has promised to other economy would result because the pro­ build toward: "an all-volunteer armed force." portion of time spent in training would be A main reason for this is that the Pentagon's smaller in relation to a volunteer's long hitch basic support foc the idea of a volunteer a.rmy than to a draftee's quick in-and-out. More THE CASE FOR A VOLUNTEER ARMY is heavily qualified by worries that it will b~ically, the extra cost of a volunteer army not work-while the draft has now delivered would be more apparent than real, because the bodies without fail for two decades. paying servicemen wages lower than they WORRIES IN THE PENTAGON could get in a free market is, in effect, a sub­ HON. DONALD RUMSFELD sidy for the Department of Defense. "We shift OF Il.LINOIS Burned into military memories is the hasty the cost of military service from the well-to­ dismantlement of the U.S. armed forces after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES do taxpayer, who benefits by lower taxes, to World War II, when the nation returned to the impecunious young draftee," explains Monday, January 13, 1969 its traditional military stance: a small num­ Economist John Kenneth Galbraith. ber of voluntary regulars, backed up by re­ A number of military thinkers contend that Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, on serves and the National Guard. The Army January 10, 1969, Time magazine pre­ establishing a volunteer armed force limits managed to attrac·t 300,000 volunteers, of the flexibility of response to threats. When sented "The Case for a Volunteer Army'' whom West Point's Colonel Samuel H. Hays Khrushchev got tough with President Ken­ as it.s weekly essay. The essay was de­ wrote: "In an infantry battalion during that nedy in 1961, for example, the President eas­ voted to a discussion of the advantages period one might find only two or three high ily increased. U.S. might by authorizing Se­ of a volunteer system of military man­ school graduates in nearly a thousand men. lective Service to have each of its 4,000 draft power procurement, and, in my judg­ Technical proficiency was not at a high level; boards pull in more men. Presumably war ment, is a fair compilation of the issues delinquency and court-martial raites were." on a big scale could rapidly outrun the ca­ Getting choosier, the Army raised qualify­ pacities of a volunteer army, possibly requir­ involved in a proposal which has been ing scores on aptitude tests from 59 to 70, 80, the subject of increasing attention and ing every able-bodied man. Reserves therefore and finally 90. Simultaneously, it limited re­ would have to be maintained-with incen­ discussion. cruits to men without dependents and those tives for reservists instead of the threat of In 1969 we are, just as we were 5 years willing to sign up for a three-year hitch. the draft. Even the draft itself probably ago, merely at the proposal stage of con­ When the Berlin blockade and the Commu­ should be kept on stand-by, perhaps for use gressional consideration, despite the fact nist seizure of Czechoslovakia took place in with the permission of Congress or in case that in 1967, extensive hearings were 1948, the Pentagon complained that it was of declared war. held in both Senate and House on al­ far under strength and that relying on volun­ Another reason that military men would teers had failed. Congress was told that the hate to see the draft go is that they think it ternatives to the then-proposed and draft was needed to get manpower and show later-approved extension of the Selective provides them with manpower of greater U.S. determination to check Communist ag­ quality as well as quantity. As Colonel Hays Service Act of 1941. gression. The clumsily titled Universal Mili­ noted, volunteers, unpressured by the draft, Interestingly, understanding of the tary Training and Service Act was passed. tended to be "marginal" when the Army last volunteer army concept has developed After that, proposals for returning to a vol­ tried them. But he was speaking of men who far more rapidly in the noncongressional unteer army were not heard for years. had grown up in the pinched and deprived sectors than within the Congress. Public The military arguments against the volun­ Depression years. With the right induce­ acceptance and expectation of action in teer anny nowadays derive from new judg­ ments, a modern technological army should this area have grown rapidly in the past ments about the size of the forces needed, be able to attract technology-minded volun­ 5 years, as illustrated by the Time essay, the cost, and the necessity of flexibility. Cer­ teers, educated and educable enough to cope and the benefits of such a proposal are tainly nothing but a draft could have sup­ with missile guidance, intelligence analysis, plied the 2,800,000 doughboys of World War computer programming, medical care and j worthy of serious consideration. The Se­ I or the 10 million G.I.s of World War II, and lective Service Act has been extended other demanding jobs. Given five or ten yea.rs the Pentagon's estimate of its current needs in service, volunteers should be trainable tc> J' until 1971. It is not too soon-in 1969- runs to similar magnitudes: 3,454,160 of the considerable skills, to judge from the experi­ to study and debate this alternative. To present moment, and 2,700,000 when peace ence of Canada and Britain, the only major] January 14, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 559 nations that have volunteer forces. Though racks or the foxhole, for the chance to be drop to 240,000 this year. On the other hand, these armies are small, not having the great promoted." Conceivably, Negroes could flock the number of men aged 19 to 25 has jumped global responsibilities of the American forces, to the volunteer forces for both a respectable from 8,000,000 in 1958 to 11.5 million now­ they provide enviable examples of high effec­ reason, upward mob111ty, and a deplorable and will top 13 million by 1974. The unfair­ tiveness, low turnover and contended offi­ one, to form a domestic revolutionary force. ness inherent in the task of arbitrarily de­ cers. Lieut. General A. M. Sharp, Vice Chief As a matter of practice rather than theory, termining the few who shall serve and the of the Defense Staff of Canada, contends powerful factors would work in a volunteer many who shall be exempt will probably that freewill soldiers are "unquestionably army toward keeping the proportion of blacks overshadow by far the controversies over col­ going to be better motivated than men who about where it is in the draft army-11 % , lege deferments and the morality of the Viet are just serving time." or roughly the same as the nation as a whole. Nam war. In the American conscience, the Pay rises would attract whites as much as draft-card burners planted a point: that PHANTOM FEARS blacks, just as both are drawn into police conscription should be re-examined and not Civilian reservations about volunteer forces for similar compensation. The educa­ necessarily perpetuated. The blending of war armed forces also focus on some fears that tional magnets, which tend to rule out many protest with draft protest, plus the ever more tend to dissolve upon examination. Some Negroes as too poorly schooled and leave apparent inequities of Selective Service, led critics have raised the specter of well-paid many whites in college through deferments, Richard Nixon to move his proposal for a careerists becoming either mercenaries or a would continue to exert their effect. Black volunteer army to near the top of his "state within a state." Nixon, for one, dis­ Power mmtancy would work against Negroes' priorities. misses the mercenary argument as nonsense. joining the Army. Ronald V. Dellums, a Ma­ HEALING TENSIONS The U.S. already pays soldiers a salary. Why rine volunteer 13 years ago and now one of should a rise in pay-which for an enlisted The position from which to start working two black councilmen in Berkeley, opposes for a volunteer army is that, to a large ex­ man might go from the present $2,900 a year the whole idea of enlistment as a "way for to as much as $7,300--turn Americans into tent, the nation already has one--in the the black people to get up and out of the sense that two-thirds of its present troops mercenaries? Said Nixon: "We're talking ghetto existence. If a black man has to be­ about the same kind of citizen armed force are enlistees. Neither Nixon nor anyone else come a paid killer in order to take care of visualizes a rapid changeover. The draft will America has had ever since it began, ex­ himself and his family economically, there cepting only in the period when we have doubtless endure until the war in Viet Nam must be something very sick about this so­ ends, but it could then be phased out grad­ relied on the draft." The Pentagon itself re­ ciety." But even if all qualified Negroes were jects the Wehrmacht-type army, in which ually. After that, the draft structure can enrolled, the black proportion of the volun­ be kept in stand-by readiness, thinks Nix­ men spend all their professional lives in teer army could not top 25 % . Nixon holds service. on, "without leaving 20 million young Amer­ that fear of a black army is fantasy: "It sup­ icans who will come of age during the next Nixon has also addressed himself to the poses that raising military pay would in some possib111ty that a careerist army might be­ decade in constant uncertainty and appre­ way slow up or stop the flow of white volun­ hension." come a seedbed for future military coups. teers, even as it stepped up the flow of black That danger is probably inherent in any mil­ If Nixon and his executive staff can move volunteers. Most of our volunteers now are ahead with legislation and the new Secre­ itary force, but, as the President-elect points white. Better pay and better conditions would out, a coup would necessarily come from tary of Defense prod and cajole his generals obviously make military service more at­ and admirals, the new Administration will "the top officer ranks, not from the enlisted tractive to black and white alike." ranks, and we already have a career-officer go far toward its aim. A volunteer army One consideration about the volunteer might help ease racial tension, perhaps by corps. It is hard to see how replacing draftees army is that it could eventually become the with volunteers would make officers more in­ only orderly way to raise armed forces. The ending the imbalance that has blacks serv­ fluential." Nixon might have added that con­ draft, though it will prevail by law at least ing in the front lines at almost three times script armies have seldom proved any barrier through 1971, is under growing attack. In their proportion in the population and cer­ to military coups. Greece's army ls made up the mid '50s, most military-age men even­ tainly by removing the arbitrariness of the of conscripts, but in last year's revolution tually got drafted, and the inequities of draft that puts them there. The move would they remained loyal to their officers, not to exempting the remainder were not flagrant. also eliminate the need to force men to go their King. Now, despite Viet Nam, military draft needs to war against their consciences, and end Might not the volunteer army become dis­ are dropping, partly because in 1966 Sec­ such other distortions as paying soldiers far proportionately black, perhaps a sort of in­ retary of Defense Robert McNamara started less than they would get if they were civil­ ternal Negro Foreign Legion? Labor Leader a "project 100,000," which slightly lowered ians, or forcing other young men into early Gus Tyler is one who holds that view; he mental and physical standards and drew marriages and profitless studies to avoid the says that a volunteer army would be "low­ 70,000 unanticipated volunteers into the draft. Incentives, substituted for compul­ income and, ultimately, overwhelmingly Ne­ force. Meanwhile, the pool of men in the sion, could cut waste and motivate pride. gro. These victims of our social order 'prefer' draftable years is rising, increasingly re­ Not least, a volunteer army would work sub­ the uniform because of socio-economic com­ plenished by the baby boom of the late '40s. stantially toward restoring the national pulsions-for the three square meals a day, Armed forces manpower needs have run at unity so sundered by the present inequalities for the relative egalitarianism of the bar- 300,000 a year lately, but they will probably of the draft.

SENATE-Tuesday, January 14, 1969 (Legislative day of Friday, January 10, 1969> The Senate met at 12 meridian, on the MEMBERSHIP AND SIZE OF STAND­ and insert in lieu thereof "twenty-four." expiration of the recess, and was called ING COMMITTEES In paragraph (e) (dealing with the Com­ mittee on Banking and Currency) of sub­ to order by the President pro tempore. Mr. MANSFmLD. Mr. President, I section 1 of rule XXV, strike out the word The Chaplain, the Reverend Dr. Ed­ send to the desk a resolution and ask "fourteen" and insert in lieu thereof ward L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the fol­ that it be read. "fifteen". lowing prayer: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The In paragraph (f) (dealing with the Com­ mittee on Commerce) of subsection 1 of Eternal Father, grant us the mind and resolution will be read. rule XXV, strike out the word "eighteen" will to worship Thee not only in the sanc­ The legislative clerk read the resolu­ and insert in lieu thereof "nineteen". tuary on one day but in our daily duties tion