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The Pacific Coast and the Casual Labor Economy, 1919-1933
© Copyright 2015 Alexander James Morrow i Laboring for the Day: The Pacific Coast and the Casual Labor Economy, 1919-1933 Alexander James Morrow A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: James N. Gregory, Chair Moon-Ho Jung Ileana Rodriguez Silva Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of History ii University of Washington Abstract Laboring for the Day: The Pacific Coast and the Casual Labor Economy, 1919-1933 Alexander James Morrow Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor James Gregory Department of History This dissertation explores the economic and cultural (re)definition of labor and laborers. It traces the growing reliance upon contingent work as the foundation for industrial capitalism along the Pacific Coast; the shaping of urban space according to the demands of workers and capital; the formation of a working class subject through the discourse and social practices of both laborers and intellectuals; and workers’ struggles to improve their circumstances in the face of coercive and onerous conditions. Woven together, these strands reveal the consequences of a regional economy built upon contingent and migratory forms of labor. This workforce was hardly new to the American West, but the Pacific Coast’s reliance upon contingent labor reached its apogee after World War I, drawing hundreds of thousands of young men through far flung circuits of migration that stretched across the Pacific and into Latin America, transforming its largest urban centers and working class demography in the process. The presence of this substantial workforce (itinerant, unattached, and racially heterogeneous) was out step with the expectations of the modern American worker (stable, married, and white), and became the warrant for social investigators, employers, the state, and other workers to sharpen the lines of solidarity and exclusion. -
How Labor Won and Lost the Public in Postwar America, 1947-1959
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2014 The Fight Over John Q: How Labor Won and Lost the Public in Postwar America, 1947-1959 Rachel Burstein Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/179 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Fight Over John Q: How Labor Won and Lost the Public in Postwar America, 1947-1959 by Rachel Burstein A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 Rachel Burstein All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. __________________ _______________________________________ Date Joshua Freeman, Chair of Examining Committee __________________ _______________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt, Executive Officer Joshua Brown Thomas Kessner David Nasaw Clarence Taylor Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract The Fight Over John Q: How Labor Won and Lost the Public in Postwar America, 1947-1959 by Rachel Burstein Adviser: Joshua Freeman This study examines the infancy of large-scale, coordinated public relations by organized labor in the postwar period. Labor leaders’ outreach to diverse publics became a key feature of unions’ growing political involvement and marked a departure from the past when unions used organized workers – not the larger public – to pressure legislators. -
Social Bonds, Sexual Politics, and Political Community on the U.S. Left, 1920S-1940S' Kathleen A
Social Bonds, Sexual Politics, and Political Community on the U.S. Left, 1920s-1940s' Kathleen A. Brown and Elizabeth Faue William Armistead Nelson Collier, a sometime anarchist and poet, self- professed free lover and political revolutionary, inhabited a world on the "lunatic fringe" of the American Left. Between the years 1908 and 1948, he traversed the legitimate and illegitimate boundaries of American radicalism. After escaping commitment to an asylum, Collier lived in several cooperative colonies - Upton Sinclair's Helicon Hall, the Single Tax Colony in Fairhope, Alabama, and April Farm in Pennsylvania. He married (three times legally) andor had sexual relationships with a number of radical women, and traveled the United States and Europe as the Johnny Appleseed of Non-Monogamy. After years of dabbling in anarchism and communism, Collier came to understand himself as a radical individualist. He sought social justice for the proletariat more in the realm of spiritual and sexual life than in material struggle.* Bearded, crude, abrupt and fractious, Collier was hardly the model of twentieth century American radicalism. His lover, Francoise Delisle, later wrote of him, "The most smarting discovery .. was that he was only a dilettante, who remained on the outskirts of the left wing movement, an idler and loafer, flirting with it, in search of amorous affairs, and contributing nothing of value, not even a hard day's work."3 Most historians of the 20th century Left would share Delisle's disdain. Seeking to change society by changing the intimate relations on which it was built, Collier was a compatriot, they would argue, not of William Z. -
Anti-Communism in Twentieth-Century America
Anti-Communism in Twentieth-Century America Anti-Communism in Twentieth-Century America A Critical History Larry Ceplair Copyright 2011 by Larry Ceplair All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ceplair, Larry. Anti-communism in twentieth-century America / Larry Ceplair. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978 1 4408 0047 4 (hardcopy : alk. paper) ISBN 978 1 4408 0048 1 (ebook) 1. Anti-communist movements United States History 20th century. 2. Political culture United States History 20th century. 3. Political activists United States Biography. 4. United States Politics and government 1919 1933. 5. United States Politics and government 1933 1945. 6. United States Politics and government 1945 1989. I. Title. E743.5.C37 2011 973.91 dc23 2011029101 ISBN: 978 1 4408 0047 4 EISBN: 978 1 4408 0048 1 1514131211 12345 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Christine, the love of my life and the source of my happiness. Contents Introduction -
Records of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters A Register of Its Records in the Library of Congress Prepared by Grover Batts and Audrey Walker Revised by Melinda K. Friend Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1997 Contact information: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss/address.html Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2000 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms000016 Latest revision: 2004-11-17 Collection Summary Title: Records of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Span Dates: 1920-1968 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1950-1968) ID No.: MSS48439 Creator: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Extent: 41,000 items; 144 containers; 70 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Part I consists of general correspondence, subject files, and personal papers of the brotherhood's founder, A. Philip Randolph, documenting the growth and functions of the union chiefly after 1940. Part II consists of correspondence and subject files of brotherhood officials Benjamin F. McLaurin (international field organizer), A. Philip Randolph (founder and president), and Ashley L. Totten (secretary-treasurer), and other subject files, financial records, and miscellaneous records. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. Names: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Blanchette, A. R. (Arthur Robinson), 1910- --Correspondence Bond, Julian, 1940- --Correspondence Dellums, C. L. (Cotrell Lawrence)--Correspondence Dubinsky, David, 1892- --Correspondence Farmer, James, 1920- --Correspondence Green, William, 1872-1952--Correspondence King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Correspondence McKissick, Floyd B. -
The Rise and Fall of Socialist Adult Education in North America: Theorizing from the Literature
Kansas State University Libraries New Prairie Press 2011 Conference Proceedings (Toronto, ON, Adult Education Research Conference Canada) The Rise and Fall of Socialist Adult Education in North America: Theorizing from the Literature Tara Silver Ontario Institute for Stuides in Education, University of Toronto Shahrzad Mojab Ontario Institute for Stuides in Education, University of Toronto Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/aerc Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Administration Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License Recommended Citation Silver, Tara and Mojab, Shahrzad (2011). "The Rise and Fall of Socialist Adult Education in North America: Theorizing from the Literature," Adult Education Research Conference. https://newprairiepress.org/aerc/ 2011/papers/93 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Adult Education Research Conference by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Rise and Fall of Socialist Adult Education in North America: Theorizing from the Literature Tara Silver & Shahrzad Mojab Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto Key words: socialism, radical adult education, state repression, feminism Abstract: This paper provides a brief overview of literature on the rise and fall of early 20th century experiments in North American socialist adult education. Through a Marxist-Feminist theoretical framework, we examine and contrast the contributions of the folk school movement and the more explicitly socialist labour colleges to the broader field of adult education in Canada and the United States. -
Soviet Union
REPORT of the CIO DELEGATION to the SOVIET UNION Submitted by JAMES B. CAREY Secretary-Treasurer, CIO Chairman of the Delegation Other Members of the Delegation: JOSEPH CURRAN REID ROBINSON rice-President, CIO Fice-P resident , CIO President, N at ional M arit ime Union President , Lnt crnational Union of .lIint', J / ill and Smelt er Il'orkers ALBERTJ . FITZGERALD r ice-Pre siden t, CIO LEE PRESSMAN President , Un ited E lect rical, R adio and General Couusrl, c/o JIacliine W orkers 0/ .Inisr ica JOHN GREEN JOHN ABT rice-President, CIO General Cou nsel, Amalgamat ed Clot hing President, Indust rial Union 0/ M an ne and W orku 5 0/ .lmeri ca Sh ipb uilding W orlecrs LEN DE CAUX ALLAN S. HAYWOOD Pu blicit y D irect or, CIO, and E dit or, Tilt' Fice -President, CIO C/O N m 's D irector 0/ Organization, CIO EMIL RIEVE VINCENT SWEENEY r ia-President, CIO Pu blicit y D irect or, United St rrlzcorlerrs President, T ext ile W orkers Union oi A merica 0/ A merica; Editor, St eel Labor Publication No. 128 Price 15c per copy; 100 for $10.00; 500 for $40.00 D epartment of International Affairs Order Literature from Publicity Department CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS 718 JACKSON PLACE, N. W. WASHINGTON 6, D. C. \ -- . ~ 2 rr To Promote Friendship And Understanding... " H E victo ry of the United Nations over the military power of fascism T opened up prospects of a new era of int ern ational understanding, democratic progress, world peace and prosperity. -
Interracial Unionism in the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union and the Development of Black Labor Organizations, 1933-1940
THEY SAW THEMSELVES AS WORKERS: INTERRACIAL UNIONISM IN THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES’ GARMENT WORKERS’ UNION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, 1933-1940 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Julia J. Oestreich August, 2011 Doctoral Advisory Committee Members: Bettye Collier-Thomas, Committee Chair, Department of History Kenneth Kusmer, Department of History Michael Alexander, Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside Annelise Orleck, Department of History, Dartmouth College ABSTRACT “They Saw Themselves as Workers” explores the development of black membership in the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) in the wake of the “Uprising of the 30,000” garment strike of 1933-34, as well as the establishment of independent black labor or labor-related organizations during the mid-late 1930s. The locus for the growth of black ILGWU membership was Harlem, where there were branches of Local 22, one of the largest and the most diverse ILGWU local. Harlem was also where the Negro Labor Committee (NLC) was established by Frank Crosswaith, a leading black socialist and ILGWU organizer. I provide some background, but concentrate on the aftermath of the marked increase in black membership in the ILGWU during the 1933-34 garment uprising and end in 1940, when blacks confirmed their support of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and when the labor-oriented National Negro Congress (NNC) was irrevocably split by struggles over communist influence. By that time, the NLC was also struggling, due to both a lack of support from trade unions and friendly organizations, as well as the fact that the Committee was constrained by the political views and personal grudges of its founder. -
Katherine Pollack Ellickson Papers
Katherine Pollak Ellickson Papers 1921-1989 57.5 linear feet 4 cardfiles 4 oversize folders Accession #LP00321 The papers of Katherine Pollak Ellickson were placed in the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs by Ms. Ellickson in 1969 and were opened for research in 1970. Additional papers were placed in the Archives in December of 1978 and in 1984 and 1989 and were opened for research in September of 1979 and July of 1998, respectively. Katherine Pollak was born September 1, 1905, the daughter of Francis D. Pollak and Inez Cohen. She attended and taught at the Ethical Culture School in New York City, studied economics at Vassar College (A.B., 1926) and did graduate work at Columbia University. She married John Chester Ellickson, agricultural economist, in 1933, but continued to use her maiden name until 1938. Her years in workers' education included tutoring, teaching and writing for the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers (1927-49), Brookwood Labor College (1929-32), including field work in Southern textile mill towns and West Virginia coal camps, and the FERA Southern teachers' training school in 1934. As assistant to the director at the CIO national office (1935-37), she dealt with many organizational problems while conducting research and writing, and her papers include original notes and minutes of the earliest CIO meetings. At the CIO national office, as Associate Director of Research from 1942-1955, she was secretary of the Social Security Committee; organized meetings of national union Social Security directors to discuss collective bargaining and legislative problems; served as liaison between the research directors of the national unions and government research agencies, especially the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and represented the CIO on government advisory committees on Social Security, manpower, farm labor and women and children. -
Heywood Broun, Benjamin Stolberg, and the Politics of American Labor Journalism in the 1920S and 1930S Christopher Phelps in Th
Accepted for publication in Labor: Studies in the Working-Class History of the Americas (forthcoming 2018). 2017 Christopher Phelps, moral rights of the author have been asserted. No permission to distribute or reproduce without authorization. Draft: Published version will be available in PDF for sale from Duke University Press. Heywood Broun, Benjamin Stolberg, and the Politics of American Labor Journalism in the 1920s and 1930s Christopher Phelps In the two decades from 1919 to 1939, when labor’s fortunes faltered in the Roaring Twenties only to revive in the Great Depression, and when publishers were consolidating the newspaper industry into corporate chains, Heywood Broun (1888-1939) and Benjamin Stolberg (1891-1951) were two of the most prominent American journalists to focus on labor. As first president of the American Newspaper Guild, Broun is the subject of two admiring biographies by fellow journalists who depict him as a gentle, big-hearted, gin-imbibing, lumbering bear of a man, yet his labor writings have received little analysis.1 Stolberg, practically forgotten today, was once so admired that the Socialist standard-bearer Norman Thomas placed him “easily in the front rank” of that “little company of those men and women who both understand the American labor movement and can help explain it to itself and to others.”2 Juxtaposing the lives and writings of Stolberg and Broun will provide insight into American labor journalism’s interwar achievements and dilemmas, particularly the politics of its coverage. The author gratefully acknowledges comments from Tim Barker, Leon Fink, Nelson Lichtenstein, and Jeff Schuhrke, research leave from the University of Nottingham, and the Martin Duberman Visiting Fellowship of the New York Public Library. -
Race, Labor, and Class in Interwar New York
21 Race, Labor, and Class in Interwar New York Race, Labor, and Class in Interwar New York David Ratnoff This paper was written in The Evolving American City (HIST 410), taught by Dr. Shelton. Black urban politics in New York City blossomed as black migrants found employment in the industrial North during the Great Migration. Publishing its first issue in 1917, the black radical newspaper the Messenger, sought to raise race- and-class consciousness among its readership. Heralding the “New Negro,” the Messenger promoted Socialist politics and encouraged trade unionism. An important interlocutor with other black periodicals, the Messenger argued that racial advancement was predicated on class consciousness and labor organization. Yet the Messenger’s short lifespan reflected the limits of Socialist politics as a vehicle for black political mobilization. “AS WAGE SLAVES WE HAVE RUN AWAY FROM THE MASTERS IN THE SOUTH, BUT TO BECOME THE WAGE SLAVES OF THE MASTERS OF THE NORTH,” THE MESSENGER, 1919.1 Black Labor Consciousness: On the Agenda Black labor relations in New York City during the interwar period reflected tensions between race-based and class-based consciousness, intensifying unionism, and the lure of socialist politics. At the turn of the century, New York was the beneficiary of massive in-migration from the South—part of the nationwide “Great Migration” of blacks from the rural South to rapidly industrializing Northern cities. Since Reconstruction, unions had enforced the color line—denying membership to black laborers while providing support to whites. The Great Migration, which coincided with American participation in World War I (WWI), made union racism salient in Northern cities. -
Heywood Broun, Benjamin Stolberg, and the Politics of American Labor Journalism in the 1920S and 1930S Christopher Phelps in Th
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@Nottingham Accepted for publication in Labor: Studies in the Working-Class History of the Americas (forthcoming 2018). 2017 Christopher Phelps, moral rights of the author have been asserted. No permission to distribute or reproduce without authorization. Draft: Published version will be available in PDF for sale from Duke University Press. Heywood Broun, Benjamin Stolberg, and the Politics of American Labor Journalism in the 1920s and 1930s Christopher Phelps In the two decades from 1919 to 1939, when labor’s fortunes faltered in the Roaring Twenties only to revive in the Great Depression, and when publishers were consolidating the newspaper industry into corporate chains, Heywood Broun (1888-1939) and Benjamin Stolberg (1891-1951) were two of the most prominent American journalists to focus on labor. As first president of the American Newspaper Guild, Broun is the subject of two admiring biographies by fellow journalists who depict him as a gentle, big-hearted, gin-imbibing, lumbering bear of a man, yet his labor writings have received little analysis.1 Stolberg, practically forgotten today, was once so admired that the Socialist standard-bearer Norman Thomas placed him “easily in the front rank” of that “little company of those men and women who both understand the American labor movement and can help explain it to itself and to others.”2 Juxtaposing the lives and writings of Stolberg and Broun will provide insight into American labor journalism’s interwar achievements and dilemmas, particularly the politics of its coverage.