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Species List/Key to Photos Was Made Possible By: in Turn, All Terrestrial Animals, Including Humans

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Species List/Key to Photos Was Made Possible By: in Turn, All Terrestrial Animals, Including Humans NatiNatiI lveve l i n o Be Be i s eses Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Danny Brown Photo © Danny Brown Photo © Danny Brown Photo © Danny Brown Photo © Johanna James-Heinz Photo © Johanna James-Heinz Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder leafcutter bee Megachile latimanus plasterer bee (male and female) Colletes sp. carpenter bee Xylocopa virginica rusty-patched bumble bee Bombus affinis Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder leafcutter bee Megachile mendica cuckoo bee Coelioxys sp. common sunflower bee (male) Melissodes agilis American bumble bee Bombus pensylvanicus Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Barbara Williams Photo © Barbara Williams sleepy bee Anthidium sp. mason bee Osmia georgica sunflower bee Andrena helianthi red-belted bumble bee Bombus rufocinctus Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Michael R. Jeffords Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder sweat bee Lasioglossum pruinosum sweat bee Halictus sp. common eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens cuckoo bee Xeromelecta interrupta Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Chris Helzer Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis/The Early Birder green sweat bee Augochloropsis metallica sweat bee (female/male) Agapostemon virescens sweat bee Dufourea marginata sweat bee Halictus ligatus ees are insects that are very important to life on earth. Their work This poster as pollinators provides for the existence of many plant species and Species List/Key to Photos was made possible by: in turn, all terrestrial animals, including humans. There are approx- Kingdom Animalia Illinois Department of imately 400 to 500 species of bees that are native to Illinois. Phylum Arthropoda Family Megachilidae Natural Resources Class Insecta mason bee Osmia georgica Division of Education Because there are so many native bee species, their habits are Order Hymenoptera leafcutter bee Megachile latimanus varied. They live in wetland, woodland, grassland and urban habitats. Family Colletidae leafcutter bee Megachile mendica There are solitary, communal, semisocial and eusocial bees, as well as the plasterer bee Colletes sp. cuckoo bee Coelioxys sp. University cuckoo bees that are nest parasites and rely on other bees to raise their young. Family Andrenidae sleepy bee Anthidium sp. of Illinois B sunflower bee Andrena helianthi Family Apidae Pollinatarium Some bees live in the ground. Others use existing holes in hollow stems, dead Family Halictidae carpenter bee Xylocopa virginica wood and rock crevices for nest sites or excavate holes in wood to form a sweat bee Halictus ligatus cuckoo bee Xeromelecta interrupta chamber for their eggs. Like most other pollinators, native bee populations are sweat bee Halictus sp. rusty-patched bumble bee Bombus affinis green sweat bee Augochloropsis metallica common eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens Illinois Native Bees © 2016, Illinois in decline not only in Illinois but worldwide. Habitat loss, pesticide use, mites, sweat bee Agapostemon virescens American bumble bee Bombus pensylvanicus Department of Natural Resources competition from nonnative species and diseases are killing pollinators. Each of sweat bee Lasioglossum pruinosum red-belted bumble bee Bombus rufocinctus sweat bee Dufourea marginata common sunflower bee Melissodes agilis Bees are not shown in equal proportion to us can take actions that can benefit pollinators, including native bees. actual size. I l l i n o i s WhatWhat areNati are Bees?Bees? IllinoisIllinoisve NativeNative BeesBeesBees ees are insects. As such, theyNati have three body segments: head; thorax; and abdomen. They have six ativeve Illinois species are organisms that were present before settlement Be of the area by people of es Blegs, and most insects have two pairs of wings. NEuropean descent. These organisms developed over a long period of time and depend upon each other. Within the huge number of species in the Class Insecta, the bees are classified in the Order There are about 400 to 500 species of native bees in our state. They live in close association with plants Hymenoptera along with wasps, ants and some other relatives. Hymenopterans have wings that are thin, and receive pollen and nectar from many of them. In the process, they act as pollinators for these plants. and if present, there are four wings. The forewing is a little larger than the hind wing. Their two antennae What is pollination? It is the process of transferring the plant’s male reproductive cells (pollen) to the plant’s Photo © Danny Brown (for touch and smell) are relatively long and segmented. Females may have an egg-laying structure that is female reproductive structures (stigma and style) so that sperm and egg can meet resulting in a new plant. Photo © Danny Brown modified into a sting. They have mouth structures that allow for chewing. Their life cycle includes four Not all plants need to be pollinated by an animal, but many of them do. Do the bees purposely pollinate stages: egg; larva; pupa; and adult. Fertilized eggs produce females. Males develop from unfertilized eggs. the plants? No. They are interested in feeding upon the sweet nectar produced by the flowers and also in Bees are different from the other members in the Hymenoptera because they have branched hairs (plumose hairs) on some part of their body. Most bees are covered with hairs, but some species have more collecting some of the pollen to mix with nectar to feed their young. While doing so, pollen from the hairs than others. flowers’ male reproductive structures falls on them, getting trapped in the bee’s hairs. When they visit the There are so many different kinds of bees that it is hard to describe characteristics that apply to all of next flower, some of the pollen may drop off of the bee onto the female flower structures. There will still be them. In the United States alone there are more than 4,000 kinds of bees. It is estimated that 400 to 500 plenty of pollen attached to the bee for it to use as food. types of bees live in Illinois, but at this time, no one knows the exact number. For insect-based pollination to work, the plants must bloom when their pollinators are active, and the Not only are there are a lot of bees, but there are also other insects that resemble bees. In particular, pollinators must be adapted to the structure of the flowers. Bees are not the only animals that are pollinators, some flies and wasps look a lot like bees until you examine them closely. Here are some tips for identifying but they are the only ones that we will discuss here. There are short-tongued bees that feed best on flowers that bees in comparison to wasps and flies. There are exceptions to every trait, though. are flat. Other bees have long tongues and specialize in visiting tube-shaped flowers that have nectar too deep for short-tongued bees to reach. Some bees have the ability to slit a flower to reach the nectar at its base. There Bee are bee species that are most active in spring, and others that develop later in the year. Some examples of native thick body with division between thorax and abdomen easy to see bees are bumble bees, carpenter bees, cuckoo bees, mason bees, leafcutter bees, sweat bees and mining bees. four wings Illinois is home to some nonnative bees, too. The most well-known example is the honey bee, Apis no silver hair on face hairs present mellifera. It was brought to this country by settlers from Europe. Some honey bees escaped from captivity pollen-collecting hairs on legs or abdomen of females and established their own colonies in the wild. Native bees were pollinating plants long before the honey bee stocky legs arrived, and native bees continue to pollinate more plants than honey bees, although honey bees are very long, slender antennae important to agriculture. eyes on side of head Bumble bee with pollen trapped on its legs. Wasp narrow body with very thin waist four wings silver hair may be present on face usually no or few hairs no pollen-collecting hairs on legs or abdomen of females spindly, long legs NestingNesting long, slender antennae eyes on side of head ees must have a place to lay their eggs where their larvae and pupae can develop safely. They construct work together to raise their young with the colony only lasting one year. The mother and her offspring Fly Bnests to raise their young. Some bees nest in the ground. They often choose a bare, sunny spot and dig do not inhabit the colony at the same time. Eusocial bees live in a single nest with the inhabitants sharing broad connection between thorax and abdomen a tunnel to raise their young. About 30 percent of native bees nest in holes. The mason and leafcutter bees the reproductive and nest-making functions. These bees include a mother and her daughters in a complex two wings use existing holes in hollow stems, dead wood and rock crevices for nest sites. Carpenter bees excavate holes system. Cuckoo bees are nest parasites and rely on other bees to raise their young. no silver hair on face in wood to form a chamber for their eggs. Other locations may be used as bee nesting sites, too. In the nest, a mixture of pollen, nectar and saliva is formed into loaves.
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