Introduction to China Culture Department of Foreign Languages & Literatures Oklahoma State University Fall 2019 Course Syllabus Instructor: Cheng Chen Class Meetings: TR: 10:30-11:45pm @ Gundersen 307 Office Location: Gundersen 308A Office Hours: M, W: 1:30-3:00 pm Instructor Contact: OSU E-mail address: [email protected] v If you have any question or need assistance, the quickest way to contact me is by e-mail. In order to receive a same day response, please contact me before 4:00pm and note that I do not always check e-mail on weekends or school holidays. While communicating with your instructor, each email should have a subject line, a body and a signature (Full name, class and course number). Students with appointments during office hours will receive priority over students who walk in. 1. Course Description & Objectives

1.1 Description China today is a land of diversity, characterized by striking regional variations. Yet underlying this diversity is a shared cultural heritage: a unifying set of historical, literary, and artistic traditions, philosophical and religious ideas, political institutions, and a common writing system. This subject is an introduction to culture in China, including both traditional and contemporary examples. Critically examines the cultural elements that are widely considered to constitute “Chinese culture” historically and today. Examples include philosophical beliefs, literature, art, food, architecture, and popular culture, etc.. The influence and presence of Chinese cultural expressions in the U.S. are also considered. This course is suitable for students of all levels, and requires no Chinese language background and nor any other prerequisites. This course is taught in English. Students with a minor in Chinese may take this class.

1.2 Intended Learning Outcomes By the time you complete this course, you should be able to: § Identify the geography, history, customs and etiquettes of China. § Understand the basic tenets of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and identify their influence on Chinse culture, particularly as exemplified in select works of Chinese literature and arts. § Critically examine contemporary discourses on “Chinese values”. § Explain the tension between globalization and localization as exemplified in Chinese cultural phenomena. § Identify manifestations of gender ideology in Chinese cultures, through specific case studies. 2. Required Texts and Resources § Gunde, R. (2001) Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing § Supplementary Reading Materials: See D2L

3. Evaluation 3.1. Grading Scale A: 90 -100 points (90-100%)

B: 80- 89 points (80-89.99%)

C: 70-79 points (70-79.99%)

D: 60-69 points (60-69.99%)

F: below 60 points (below 60%)

W: Withdrawing from the university means dropping all courses and you are no longer enrolled for the current semester. This may occur until the Friday before pre-finals week. The withdrawal process is initiated with your academic advisor. For additional information and dates, go to: http://academicaffairs.okstate.edu/content/adding- dropping-and-withdrawing-courses * Students often have questions regarding evaluation of work. Instructors hold regular office hours to assist students with questions about the course or evaluation of submitted work. 3.2. Grade Components Categories Weight by % Reading responses 40% Cumulative reflection piece 10% Final oral presentation 15% Final project (summary and annotated 20% bibliography) Attendance and participation 15% 100% Grade Review* At any time during the semester instructors and students may schedule a face-to- face appointment to provide documented grades up until that point. However, students must not ask instructors to forecast or ensure they will receive a certain grade at the end of the semester. Instructors will not discuss final grades until everything is computed. It is the student’s responsibility to keep all returned, graded assignments throughout the semester.

4. Pertinent Course Policies § Completing reading assignments on time and demonstrating the understanding of the materials during in-class discussion is the key to the success of taking this course. § Attendance is mandatory and is taken every time. Please come to class punctually. You can have two unexcused absences. More than two (2) unexcused absences will result in a letter lower of your final grade (e.g., B to a C). Additional absences will result in additional reductions of your attendance grades. I do not give warnings in the event that you are in danger of such a penalty. Walking out of the class during the class without advanced notice will be considered as an absence. In cases of illness or family emergency, please inform instructor in advance by e-mail. If you must leave class early, please notify the instructor in advance. § Participation and discussion on the reading materials are essential for this course. Group work will be held regularly in class. Participation points will be deducted if someone does not participate or cooperate in group discussions. Your class participation grade will be based on regular attendance, preparation, and active and thoughtful participation in class discussions, including active listening. The instructor will observe the class during discussion sections. § Make sure that you submit all your assignments on time. Reminders for important due dates will be available on D2L. It is your responsibility to check the course info on D2L regularly. Assignment due dates will be posted on D2L. Supplement reading materials will be posted on D2L as well. No extension will be granted, except in cases of serious illness or emergency, for which documentation is required. § Please turn your cell phone to courtesy mode and do not text during class. In case of emergency, you have to use your cell phone, please step out of the classroom to make a call or text. § Laptops, tablets and electronic reading devices are permitted in class for the sole purpose of consulting class materials or taking lecture notes. Use of e-mail, internet, texting, etc. and any work related to other classes are not permitted. Use of cell phones is not permitted without permission of instructor. For privacy purposes, video or audio taping is not permitted. § The instructor will be available to discuss any questions or concerns regarding the course with you. Please feel free to make an appointment. § You should consider communications with me, your professor, as professional communications. Beginning your email with an appropriate greeting by addressing me “Dear Professor Chen” or “ ”. Otherwise, I will not respond your email.

Academic Integrity: Oklahoma State University is committed to the maintenance of the highest standards of integrity and ethical conduct of its members. This level of ethical behavior and integrity will be maintained in this course. Participating in a behavior that violates academic integrity (e.g., unauthorized collaboration, plagiarism, multiple submissions, cheating on examinations, fabricating information, helping another person cheat, unauthorized advance access to examinations, altering or destroying the work of others, and fraudulently altering academic records) will result in your being sanctioned. Violations may subject you to disciplinary action including the following: receiving a failing grade on an assignment, examination or course, receiving a notation of a violation of academic integrity on your transcript, and being suspended or dismissed from the University. You have the right to appeal the charge. Contact the Office of Academic Affairs, 101 Whitehurst, 405-744-5627, http://academicintegrity.okstate.edu.

5. Important Information

Fall 2019 Important Dates

Last day to add a class (without instructor permission) 8/26/2019 Last day to drop a course with no grade and 100% refund 8/26/2019 Last day to add a class (requires instructor & advisor permission) 8/30/2019 Last day to drop a course or withdraw from the University with an automatic “W” and receive a partial refund (requires advisor signature) 8/30/2019 Last day to drop a class or withdraw from the University with an automatic “W” 11/08/2019 Last day to withdraw from all OSU classes with an assigned grade of “W” or “F” 11/22/2019 Pre-Finals week 12/2/2019-12/6/2019 Final examinations 12/09/2019-12/13/2019

6. Tentative Course schedule

Date Topics Reading Assignment Due 8/20 Tues First day: syllabus, introduction 8/22 Thurs China, Land and People Gunde, R. “China, Land, People, and History.” Chapter 1 in Culture and One-paragraph Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, Reflection 2001, pp. 1-12. “General Intro to China” (CANVAS) 8/27 Tues China, Land and People Gunde, R. “China, Land, People, and History.” Chapter 1 in Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 1-12. 8/29 Thurs Discussion: The Concept Discussion Question (CANVAS) of “Face” and “Guanxi” 9/03 Tues History Gunde, R. “China, Land, People, and History.” Chapter 1 in Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 12-34. http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/01his/c01.html 9/05 Thurs History Presentation Reading Response 1 9/10 Tues Thoughts: "Euthyphro" (online) Western Patterns of Thought 9/12 Thurs Thoughts: 1."General Introduction to Early China" (online) Before Philosophy in 2. "The Historical Background of Chinese Thought" (online) China 9/17 Tues Thoughts: 1."General Introduction to Early China" (online) Before Philosophy in 2. "The Historical Background of Chinese Thought" (online) China 9/19 Thurs Thoughts: 1. The Confucian School (online) Confucianism, the Ru, 2. Analects, "Introduction," pp. i-ix, and Book I (online) and the Analects 9/24 Tues Thoughts: Analects, Books IV & IX, plus passages 12.1 and 12.2 in Book XII (online) Confucius on Moral Perfection 9/26 Thurs Thoughts: Analects, Books III & X; passages 12.11, 15.3, 15.31 Reading Response 2 Ritual and Man’s Social Nature

10/01 Tues Thoughts: Mencius, Readings 2 The source of Virtue in Mencius, Readings 3 Mencius, Mencius on Human Nature as Good 10/03 Thurs Thoughts: Dao de jing, pp. 1-9 (Introduction); Reading Response 3 Daoism: Laozi and the Dao de jing Selections I, Dao de jing; The Dao de jing, Selections II Paradox

10/08 Tues Thoughts: Zhuangzi, Introductory sections (pp. 1-6), Chapter 1, pp. 7-12 Zhuangzi’s Daoist Imagination 10/10 Thurs Chap 2 Thoughts: Zhuangzi, pp. 28-41 Zhuangzi on Sage hood Zhuangzi, pp. 42-54 and Social life; Life and Death 10/15 Tues Literature and Art Gunde, R. “Literature and Art.” Chapter 3 in Culture and Customs of China Reading Response 4 (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp.71-85. 10/17 Thurs Literature and Art Chinese Painting: Panda 10/22 Tues Movie I: Historical Film Farewell My Concubine and Collective/Private Memories 10/24 Thurs Discussion Reading Response 5 10/29 Tues Music and Dance Gunde, R. “Music and Dance.” Chapter 4 in Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 88-112. 10/31 Tues Music and Dance Class Discussion: Pop music Why would Wang and Chou culturally and commercially sweep China with their styles, persona, and images? Any key similarities and differences? How does popular culture cut across geopolitical spaces and surmounts cultural barriers? 11/05 Tues Food Gunde, R. “Food and Clothing.” Chapter 5 in Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 114-128 Chang, K. C. "Food in Chinese Culture." Asia Society Blog. Cooper, E. "Chinese Table Manners: You Are How You Eat." (PDF) Human Organization 45, no. 2 (1986): 179–84. 11/07 Thurs Westernization, Watson, James. "China's Big Mac Attack." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 3 (2000): Globalization, or 123–34. Localization? Case Study: Food 11/12 Tues Chinese movie II: China Not One Less Rural 11/14 Thurs Discussion Reading Response 6 11/19 Tues Family and Gender Gunde, R. “Family and Gender.” Chapter 7 in Culture and Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 166- 181 Chua, Amy. "Why Chinese Mothers are Superior," The Wall Street Journal, January 8, 2011, p. C.1. 11/21 Thurs Chinese Movie III: China A world without Thieves Urban 11/26 Tues Discussion Reading Response 7 11/27- Thanks Giving Holiday 29 12/03 Tues Holidays and Leisure Gunde, R. “Holidays and Leisure Activities.” Chapter 8 in Culture and activities Customs of China (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Publishing, 2001, pp. 181-189 12/05 Thurs Final Presentation Final, cumulative reading response due Note: This schedule is subject to change at the discretion of the instructor

ASSIGNMENTS DESCRIPTIONS Getting Started One-paragraph Reflection What does “Chinese Culture” mean to you? How about “Chinese Values?” Write a paragraph on any Due on stereotypes or ideas you have. In your mind, what are some of the similarities between Chinese and Thursday, August 22 American cultures?Any key differences? Write 1 page (double-spaced, 12 point font) and bring it to class. Reading Response Reading Response 1 Examine the two passages below. One comes from an early Greek source, the other from an early Chinese Due on source. Both have to do with the pursuit of knowledge. Note what seem to you to be the most important Thursday , September 5 differences between them in terms of their general approaches to issues of knowing -- list at least three respects in which you find they differ, indicating both what the differences are, and also which specific phrases indicate those differences to you. Select the three aspects that seem to you most intellectually significant. (Don't worry if you feel you don't fully understand the passages -- the important exercise here is close reading, not analysis.)

Conclude the assignment by indicating which of the two passages you think comes from Greece and which comes from China. (It does not matter at all whether you're right or wrong.)

1. I shall tell you the only two paths of inquiry there are for thinking: The one: that it is, and it is impossible for it not to be. This is the path of persuasiveness, for it accompanies objective truth. The other: that it is not, and it necessarily must not be. This, I point out, is a path wholly unthinkable, for neither could you know what-is-not (for that is impossible), nor could you point it out.

2. Shall I teach you about knowledge? To know when you know something, and to know when you don’t know, that’s knowledge. Do you take me for one who studies a great deal and remembers it? It is not so. I link all on a single thread. If even a bumpkin asks a question of me, I am all empty. I simply tap at both ends of the question until I exhaust it.

Prepare your response as a one-page double-spaced paper and Bring it to turn in at the beginning of class on Thursday, September .

Reading Response 2 This exercise combines close reading with simple, focused analysis. Below, there are two sets of Due on passages from the Analects. Each pair seems to represent two alternative versions of the same Thursday, September 26 "lesson" that was originally preserved by different schools of Confucianism and separately incorporated into the Analects. The variant schools seem, in the end, to have turned the lessons to somewhat different effect in their design of literary setting. Your assignment is to note the differences in each set (4.15 compared to 15.3, and then 7.36 compared to 9.12), and explain what is significant about those differences. Ask yourself what would be at stake if the editors of the Analects had elected to use only one version of each -- what distinct ideas that make each passage unique, despite resemblances, would have been lost. (You should look up these passages in the translation; the notes may provide helpful background information.) Note the differences, and try to make your statement of the implications of the differences quick and clear. Set 1 4.15 The Master said, “Shen, a single thread runs through my dao.” Master Zeng said, “Yes.” The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, “What did he mean?” Master Zeng said, “The Master’s dao is nothing other than loyalty and reciprocity.”

15.3 The Master said, “Si! Do you take me for one who studies a great deal and remembers it?” Zigong replied, “Yes. Is it not so?” “It is not. I link all on a single thread.” Set 2 7.36 The Master fell ill. Zilu requested permission to offer prayers. The Master said, “Is there precedent for this?” Zilu answered, “There is. In the liturgy it says, ‘Pray to the spirits above and below.’” The Master said, “My prayers are longstanding.”

9.12 The Master fell ill. Zilu had the disciples act towards him as though they were retainers. When the illness eased, the Master said, “Long has You practiced this deception! To have no retainers and pretend to have them, whom do I deceive? Do I deceive Tian? And moreover, rather than die in the hands of retainers, would I not prefer to die in your hands, my friends? Even though I may receive no great funeral, would I be dying by the side of the road?”

Write 1 page (double-spaced, 12 point font) and bring it to class. Reading Response 3 The Dao de jing is very short, but it will require more than one reading for you to hang on to any but its Due on vaguest ideas. There are a few simple questions, which you should be asking of the text on first reading. Thursday, October 3 What is the Dao? How does it differ from our concept of "Nature?" What characteristics does it have? If these characteristics are facts, what values does the text urge on us, and how are facts and values linked? What are our imperatives? What does the text want us to learn (what facts; what skills)?

Write 1 page (double-spaced, 12 point font) and bring it to class. Reading Response 4 The poem below is by the Late Tang poet Bo Juyi (or Bai Juyi). Like many men trained in Confucian Due on scholarship who successfully passed the Tang civil service examinations, Bo found himself, after a period of Tuesday, October 15 time, serving as a local district magistrate (that is, the representative of the central government for a county- size area, in charge of law enforcement, taxation, infrastructure, and education). To prevent nepotism and corruption and realize the goal of objective, impersonal, bureaucratic governance, Chinese officials were not allowed to serve in their home districts, and were often posted to regions very distant from their native area. Bo Juyi was appointed to a region of southwest China (Ba - present day Sichuan Province), which was at the periphery of the empire. Read Bo's poem closely. 1) Note briefly on this page words and phrases that seem of you of significant value in analyzing and interpreting the poem. 2) On a separate page, stapled to the printout, write 1-2 paragraphs that analyze and interpret the poem as a Tang cultural document, drawing on what you know of Tang culture. Bear in mind that Bo is reflecting on his role as a representative of the Tang state, and that he was an outstanding product of Tang education and culture, whose attitudes may both reflect Tang values and reflect on (that is, critique) them. Try to identify in the poem specific phrases, lines, or themes that might surprise us. (Avoid letting your interpretation carry you far from the poet's actual statements.)

After Collecting the Autumn Taxes

From my high castle I look down below Where the natives of Ba cluster like a swarm of flies. How can I govern these people and lead them aright? I cannot even understand what they say. But at least I am glad, now that the taxes are in, To learn that in my province there is no discontent. I fear its prosperity is not due to me And was only caused by the year's abundant crops. The papers that lie on my desk are simple and few; My house by the moat is leisurely and still. In the autumn rain the berries fall from the eaves; At the evening bell the birds return to the wood. A broken sunlight quavers over the southern porch Where I lie on my couch abandoned to idleness.

Bring your completed homework to class, Monday, September 25. Reading Response 5 1. What (issues) did the director have in mind when he created the story in which the Due on friendship of two stage brothers is formed, tested, betrayed and regained? Thursday, October 24 2. In what ways are the lives of Cheng Dieyi and Duan Xiaolou similar to or different from that of Yuji and Xiangyu, the king of Chu living over two millennia ago? What human conditions are becoming visible by the way Chen Kaige reconstructs episodes of modern Chinese history in the story to represent the War against Japanese Imperialism, 1931-1945, the Civil War between the communists and the nationalists (1945-1949), the Cultural Revolution, 1966- 1976)? 3. What are the sources of duress to the modern individual who is often unable to stand up (as if on stage performing a cultural or personal identity) for what she or he believes in? Give examples. 4. Who or which characters best represent what you believe is the perspective of the director within which to understand the story (social changes in modern China)? Why? 5. What lesson can the viewer learn about a person’s individual identity or a nation’s cultural identity considering the fate of Cheng Dieyi doomed by his obsession about his stage persona as concubine Yuji? 6. The word fate may be synonymous with what modern man refers to as identity, something you cannot change that defines who you are as a person. Is cultural identity a detriment to the individual or a source of grace and calm in the context of the story? 7. In what way does Chen Kaige interrogate and reshape modern Chinese identity? What is called into question and presented as problematic?

Reading Response 6 1. How do you interpret the contrast between the way of life (and its values) in Shuiquan Village and Due on that of the city (and its values) in which Zhang Huike and other rural kids seek work? Thursday, November 14 2. In the context of the story, how do you understand the obvious flaws of Wei Minzhi, the female lead character who is without much education herself, immature and inexperienced in many ways, and quite ignorant of the ways of the world? 3. Do you feel put off by the fact that in the film there is no professional actor? Everyone the viewer sees in the film is who they are in real life, including their names and identity. Is it a docudrama? Is the story authentic? 4. How does the story taking place in Shuiquan Village address the problems and issues of urbanization? How is it a dialogue or negotiation between neoliberalism and the new Left? 5. What’s Zhang Yimou’s view on agrarian culture and values of frugality, collective efforts and communal sharing, simplicity? 6. Are the rural and poverty-stricken kids about to lose their right to education seen as problem of or solution to China’s social transformation? Why? 7. Who or what is Wei Minzhi when viewing the film as a national allegory? In what way does she represent China appearing on global stage? Reading Response 1. The countervailing ideology at play is of course the myth capitalism / consumerism that says, among Due on other things, that human desire is good because it drives the individual to be productive and creative Tuesday, November 26 when free. Which characters represent and act out these values in the story? How? 2. There is honor among thieves; in fact the team led by Uncle Li operates in ways not unlike how modern corporate culture to achieve maximum profit within the rules of the game. Absent from both is human compassion for the weak; describe Uncle Li and his leadership ethics. 3. In the context of this film, how do you understand the remark by Uncle Li in this clipthat the most precious commodity in the 21st century is talent? 4. To what extent does society have an obligation to protect those like Sha Gen (Dumbo/Roots) unable to protect themselves from predators? 5. Is Sha Gen fair game if he is unable to protect his own money? Final Cumulative Reading Response Go back and review your reading responses from this term. How have your ideas about Chinese culture changed since the first week? What are the main take-aways you have learned, especially, for example, Due on Thursday, December 05 regarding the shared features and common values that characterize "Chinese Culture." versus the local diversity of culture across the region? Write 3 pages (double-spaced, 12 point font) and submit as PDF. (You may use passages of writing from your earlier responses from the assignments.) Final Project Final project deliverables include: Final Project Proposal Submit brief description of your proposed topic.

Due on TBD Final Project / Executive Summary and Bibliography Submit it as double-spaced PDF and use citation quick guide for bibliography and executive summary citations (see 'other useful resources' provided below.)

Final Presentation Submit the PowerPoint file, if using.

Assessment Guidelines for Final Project Independent research skills—did the student select a feasible topic of study that will shed light on an important aspect of Chinese culture, past or present? Did the student conduct an appropriate amount of research (going beyond recycling what is on Wikipedia, for example) as reflected in the presentation, executive summary, and especially the bibliography?

Oral presentation skills—did the student deliver an effective and engaging oral presentation, demonstrating ability to communicate his / her findings and original ideas to the class? Were any visual aids or props used effectively? Did the student use the allotted eight minutes effectively, and adhere to the time limit?

Listening skills—did the student listen attentively and respectfully to all other student presentations? (This includes showing up for class, in a timely fashion, on days when you are not doing your own presentation.)

Executive summary skills—did the student compose a clear and concise executive summary that communicates effectively the research question, methods, and findings?

Bibliographic and citation skills—were all sources properly cited in the executive summary? Was a complete bibliography indicating all sources used for the research, and following the guidelines provided in the Chicago Manual of Style, included with the project?

Other Useful Resources for the Completion of the Final Project Mayfield Guide to Executive Summary Citation Quick Guide

Music:

Wang, G. "The ABCs of Chinese Pop: and the Marketing of a Global Chinese Celebrity." Journal of Transnational American Studies 4, no. 1 (2012): 1–19.

Fung, A. Y. H. "Western Style, Chinese Pop: 's Rap and Hip-Hop in China." Asian Music 39, no. 1 (2008): 69–80. Viewing

Wang Leehom’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1De67nXlyg

2015. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1MHwDDTt_Qp0lUeCibLeLesS5zbwY7kK, which includes the following songs:

- The Moon Represents My Heart Teresa Teng (c. 1973) -- qqqqq. "The Moon Represents My Heart - Teresa Teng." August 7, 2007. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv_cEeDlop0

-6 The Forgotten Time Tsai Chin (1980) -- pcimprezzive. "TSAI CHIN - Forgotten Time - music from INFERNAL AFFAIRS (2002)." November 25, 2010. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a49mJxl86Ho

- A Piece of Red Cloth Cui Jian (1988) -- Mike Aylward Music. "A Piece of Red Cloth Cui Jian English Cover." May 20, 2009. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FV-FbIhdiNE

- I'm Willing Faye Wong (1994) -- DiDar08. " Faye Wong - I'm Willing (MTV)." April 26, 2008. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iL85f4Onno

- Get Close (1995) -- Cold Stone. " - ." May 15, 2012. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKGtiTL_LrQ

-Bad Boy 7 A-Mei (1997) -- xxvai. "bad boy - a-mei chang 7." July 29, 2011. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kk__Wqn4YU

- The Beach (1997) -- bawuu369. "David Tao Sha Tan (The Beach)." June 26, 2008. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2M6siDUSHY

- East Wind Breaks Jay Chou (2003) -- dantejay. "Jay Chou - East Wind Breaks ()." June 15, 2006. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2105. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGbDymJ75PU -Slide Miss Ko (2012) -- newbie. "Miss Ko - Slide." August 26, 2012. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEJWRuCAva4

-BB88 (2012) -- KhalilFongofficial. " Khalil Fong - BB88 [Official Music Video]." June 11, 2012. YouTube. Accessed June 18, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvjl90jY278