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Part Ii the Persons Who Were Parties to The PART II THE PERSONS WHO WERE PARTIES TO THE CONSPIRACY AND THE IMPLEMENTATION THEREOF. - 1 - 4. THE PERSONS WHO WERE PARTIES TO THE CONSPIRACY, AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND AND SUBSIDIARY BODIES. A. THE ACCUSED: ACCUSED NO. 1 – NELSON MANDELA. EXHIBIT R 11 – A document headed “Target, Seven things”, see above, PART I, page 56. EXHIBIT R 15 – A document commencing with the words “Guerillas never wage positional warfare”, see above, PART I, page 56. EXHIBIT R 16 – A document under the heading “MAROC”, see above, PART I, page 56. EXHIBIT R 17 – A diary commencing January 1962, see above, PART I, page 56. EXHIBIT R 18 – A document headed “IRG.Z.L.”, see above, PART I, page 57. EXHIBIT R 19 – A document headed “HUKBALAHAP”, see above, PART I, page 57. EXHIBIT R 20 – A document headed “HOW TO BE A GOOD COMMUNIST”, see above, PART I, pages 118 to 120. EXHIBIT R 21 – A document headed “DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM”, see above, PART I, pages 120 - 121. EXHIBIT R 22 – A document headed “POLITICAL ECONOMY”, see above, PART I, pages 121 to 122. All the above –mentioned exhibits are in the - 2 - handwriting of NELSON MANDELA and were fully dealt with above at the pages cited. In addition, the STATE relies on the following documents EXHIBIT R 12 – This is a three-page document of which the first two pages read as follows: “Do not know how many guards are stationed just behind cell but it is clear that there are a number of them on bellows and in the passage between the outer and inner walls. The odds appear to be against the use of force at present moment. There have also been a lot of changes as far as the staff is concerned. B has been transferred to Ermelo and there is a new officer in charge of my section. I need hardly mention the disastrous effects, politically, of any abortive attempt. Also bear in mind that I might be immediately transferred elsewhere after conviction. (1) Bear in mind that a numerical expansion unrelated to expansion of activities can be dangerous. I would favour a slowing up of recruitment and a concentration on activities. (2) Had good discussions with Natal Commit. They have good talent and I think they will go very far provided they are properly handled. But I had the definite impression - 3 - that to get things properly under way there, we will have to have a man like M.M. I think we should have discussions with SACTU. We should have him back for this task. After all Natal is the most difficult province in this respect. (3) I understand the boys may be here any day. I think Ray should be around here for the time being, but I would suggest that the other chaps should be placed at the head of various regions. (4) I think ranks are little too high. I would suggest the chopping of the two top ones and an adjustment of the lower units. We might start off with a squad of 3 with a squad leader. 3 squads making a section with a Corp. as leader”. The third page is a sketch of the Johannesburg Fort indicating, inter alia, the room where MANDELA was being held prisoner, his exercise yard and the interview room, as well as the office of the Superintendent and the positions of the armed guards. Other details are given and speak for themselves. This document is in MANDELA’s handwriting. EXHIBIT R 13 – This is an eight page typed document bearing notes in the handwriting of NELSON MANDELA. It is headed “PAFMECSA” (that is, Pan African Freedom Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa). The document reads as follows: “PAFMESCA. Com. Phillip has already reported on this - 4 - Conference and my task on this particular aspect of my report is merely to underline just a few points. The delegation of the A.N.C. made a definite impression and our address was warmly received. Speech was published in full by the Ethiopian press. As pointed out elsewhere not even Gilimayo’s opening address at the Conference received as much publicity. Pafmecsa intimated that they would use the speech as the basis of plans for action against South Africa. Our delegation was extremely pleased about the reception of our address. The invitation received by our delegations to address certain groups in Addis is further testimony of the impression we made. O.R. was invited together with Kenneth to address a Society whose name I cannot now recall. I was invited to address the students of the Haile Selassie University. The resolution on South Africa which was adopted by Conference was drafted by us and passed just as we submitted it. Finally, O.R. was appointed to the Coordinating Freedom Council, the governing body of Pafmecsa. A.N.C. emerged strong from the Conference. There were, however certain disturbing features: (i) Hostility towards Arab fraternal delegates. (ii) Hostility towards Diallo and the A.A.P.C. (iii) Hostility towards Ghana. - 5 - POLITICAL CLIMATE IN THE PAFMECSA AREA. Striking feature widespread anti-colonial feeling and strong opposition to anything resembling partnership between white and black. This emerged very clear in speeches at Conference and in discussion with various delegations there and leaders elsewhere. (1) Discussion with Mbiyo Koinange. (2) Discussion with Diallo. Suggests joint meeting with the P.A.C. (3) Kenneth, Simon, Kamanga, Mainza Chona. Non-Africans not permitted in Executive positions. Freedom Charter torn after information received re Communist influence. PAFMECSA. (1) 16 countries represented. 3 Independent States and 13 non-independent. Sudan wished to avoid accusations of regionalism. Swaziland told by Ghana that it was not important to attend. Ruanda-Urundi’s Uprons delegate not accepted. (2) A.N.C. delegation of 6. OR led. But both he and I allowed to attend Heads of Delegates. (3) Emperor’s Opening Speech. Theme African Unity and the accleration of independence movement. On South Africa he felt the necessity of new measures. Theme of Emperor picked up by delegates. - 6 - (4) Submitted draft of speech in which Umkonto had not been specifically mentioned. Amended. Give a summary of the points made in the speech. (5) Speech published in full by the Ethiopian press. Received invitations to address university students and O.R. and another addresses a Society. Pafmecsa adopted speech as basis of plans for action on South Africa. Our delegation extremely pleased about the reception of the speech and we emerged strong. (6) Resolutions: General resolution condemning colonialism, calling for African unity and the formation of united fronts. Specific resolutions affecting particular regions. Nothing really novel on South Africa. (7) O.R. appointed to the Coordinating Freedom Council. (8) Certain Disturbing Features. (i) Hostility towards the Arab fraternal delegates. (ii) Hostility towards the AAPC and Diallo. (iii) Hostility towards Ghana. - 7 - POLITICAL CLIMATE IN THE PAFMECSA AREA. Striking feature widespread anti-white feeling and violent opposition to anything that smacks of the concept of partnership between black and white. This emerged from the speeches at the Conference and from the discussions we had with various delegations. (1) Discussion with Mbiyo Koinange. (2) Discussion with Diallo. (3) Kenneth Kaunda, Simon Kapwepwe. Although whites allowed to be members cannot serve on committees. Kamanga and the Freedom Charter. Mainza Chona. Has no confidence in P.A.C. (4) Discussion with Chirimbani, Silundika. (5) John Kakonge of the U.P.C. (6) Oginga Odinga and Mwai of Kanu. (7) Discussion in Cairo with several National movements, including the B.C.P. (8) Kamanga’s statement on the dominant position of the A.N.C. (9) Joe and I had had discussions with Mwakangale, M.P. These discussions were important in view of Tanu policy of racial cooperation. Clear that in this area there are great reservations about our policy and there is a widespread feeling that the A.N.C. is a Communist dominated organisation. - 8 - ATTITUDE OF THE ALL AFRICAN PEOPLE’S CONFERENCE, AFRO-ASIAN SOLIDARITY COMMITTEE. MISUNDERSTANDING OF OUR ATTITUDE IN SOCIALIST COUNTRIES. (i) Application of COD for membership of AAPC defeated on a motion from delegate of Communist China. (ii) Hilda’s brilliant address not appreciated. (iii) Piliso’s experience in G.D.R. DANGEROUS IMPLICATIONS OF THIS MISUNDERSTANDING. This misunderstanding is due partly to difference in local conditions. But we have to examine the position most carefully. DISCUSSION WITH OUR REPRESENTATIVES IN DAR. (i) Friction between Frene and our chaps. (ii) Vela and O.R. (iii) Vela and Raymond Kunene – Youth Congress at Helsinki. Agreed that we need to make adjustments in tactics not in policy. The ANC must regard itself as the vanguard in S.A. of the Pan African movement. Discussion with Chirimabni and Silundika. Satisfied that the A.N.C. is dominant but unable to agree with policy. Attitude of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee. (i) Subcommittee voted some money for A.N.C. rejected by plenary session on ground - 9 - that A.N.C. is stoodge organisation and had sold to Whites. (ii) COD’s application for membership had been rejected on an motion by a delegate from Comm. China. Attitude of Socialist Countries. Piliso’s report on G.D.R. Hilda’s Speech. Clear that our tactics, not policy, are out of step with the rest of Africa (Pafmecsa.) IT IS TRUE THAT OUR OWN SITUATION HAS ITS OWN SPECIAL FEATURES WHICH DISTINGUISH US FROM THE REST OF AFRICA. BUT THERE ARE SERIOUS DANGERS: WE WILL FACE VERY GRAVE PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES IF WE DO NOT CHANGE TACTICS NOT POLICY.
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