Kill Anything That Moves: the Real American War in Vietnam
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HISTORY 319—THE VIETNAM WARS Fall 2017 Mr
University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of History HISTORY 319—THE VIETNAM WARS Fall 2017 Mr. McCoy I. COURSE PROCEDURES: Class Meetings: Lectures are given in 1111 Humanities by Mr. McCoy on Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 4:00 to 5:15 p.m. In addition, students will attend a one-hour discussion section each week conducted by the Teaching Assistant (TA) for this course. N.B. Laptops may used only for taking notes and may not be used to access the Internet. Office Hours: —For Marlana Margaria, Humanities Room 4274, on Tuesdays from 1:45 to 3:45 p.m. and other hours by appointment (TEL: 265-9480). Messages may be left in Humanities Mailbox No. 4041, or sent via e-mail to: <[email protected]> —For Alfred McCoy, Humanities Room 5131, Thursdays 12:00 to 2:00 p.m. and other hours by appointment (TEL: 263-1855). Messages may be left in Humanities Mailbox No. 5026, or sent via e-mail to: <[email protected]> Grading: Students shall complete three pieces of written work. On October 19, students shall take a midterm examination. On November 21, students shall submit a 5,000-word research essay with full footnotes and bibliographic references. During examination week on December 16, students shall take a two-hour final examination. Final grades shall be computed as follows: —midterm take-home exam: 20% —research essay: 30% —discussion section mark: 30% —final examination: 20% —extra credit/film viewing: 3% Course Requirements: For each of these assignments, there are different requirements for both the amount and form of work to be done: a.) Midterm take-home examination: Select two questions from a list distributed in the lecture on Thursday, October 19, and turn in two short essays totaling five typed pages, with full endnote citations, at the start of class on Tuesday, October 24. -
My Lai Massacre 1 My Lai Massacre
My Lai Massacre 1 My Lai Massacre Coordinates: 15°10′42″N 108°52′10″E [1] My Lai Massacre Thảm sát Mỹ Lai Location Son My village, Son Tinh District of South Vietnam Date March 16, 1968 Target My Lai 4 and My Khe 4 hamlets Attack type Massacre Deaths 347 according to the U.S Army (not including My Khe killings), others estimate more than 400 killed and injuries are unknown, Vietnamese government lists 504 killed in total from both My Lai and My Khe Perpetrators Task force from the United States Army Americal Division 2LT. William Calley (convicted and then released by President Nixon to serve house arrest for two years) The My Lai Massacre (Vietnamese: thảm sát Mỹ Lai [tʰɐ̃ːm ʂɐ̌ːt mǐˀ lɐːj], [mǐˀlɐːj] ( listen); /ˌmiːˈlaɪ/, /ˌmiːˈleɪ/, or /ˌmaɪˈlaɪ/)[2] was the Vietnam War mass murder of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968, by United States Army soldiers of "Charlie" Company of 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the Americal Division. Victims included women, men, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies were later found to be mutilated[3] and many women were allegedly raped prior to the killings.[] While 26 U.S. soldiers were initially charged with criminal offenses for their actions at Mỹ Lai, only Second Lieutenant William Calley, a platoon leader in Charlie Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but only served three and a half years under house arrest. -
The Legacy of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident: “Real American War” in Vietnam1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES Volume 36 (2014): 113-121 The Legacy of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident: “Real American War” in Vietnam1 FUJIMOTO Hiroshi* Introduction I would like to discuss in this article the following two points with regard to the legacy of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident; the historical significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Vietnamese civilian suffering in the Vietnam War. First, It is now clear that the justification given by the Johnson administration at that time of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident was inaccurate and that the public was manipulated. In this sense, the incident reminds us of the following classic quotation by Aeschylus, an ancient Greek tragic dramatist (525 B.C.-456 B.C.): “In war, truth is the first casualty.” The Gulf of Tonkin Incident could also be considered as a turning point for the U.S. move toward an open-ended military commitment in Vietnam. Secondly, I will touch upon Vietnamese civilian suffering as a consequence of this open-ended military commitment. I: Historical Significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident 1・1. The Justification by the Johnson administration The Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred on August 2, 1964, when the USS Maddox was attacked by three Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). We now know that the August 2 attack had been ordered by a Vietnamese locally based commander, and not one from Hanoi.2 Johnson did not order any retaliation in response to this * Professor of International Relations, Department of British and American Studies. -
Tiger Force Series
$ 1 . 5 0 e 3 2 1 P A G E S T O L E D O , O H I O , S U N D A Y , O C T O B E R 1 9 , 2 0 0 3 F I N A L Lunch effort A BLADE INVESTIGATION A four-day special report examines BURIED SECRETS one platoon’s atrocities in Vietnam works to end and how the U.S. military concealed BRUTAL TRUTHS them from the American public global hunger White H ous e s upp orts idea, but funding is in jeop ardy By KAREN MacPHERSON year, an estimated 7.7 million BLADE WASHINGTON BUREAU children in 38 countr ies par tici- WA S H I N G T O N — D e c a d e s p a t e d i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l ago, two senators with strongly school-lunch program. The pro- opposing political views joined g r a m h e l p e d b o o s t s t u d e n t to help shape several landmark enrollment, par ticularly of girls, a n t i - h u n g e r e f f o r t s, i n c l u d i n g in schools in Pakistan, Lebanon, food stamps, a nutr itional plan Ba n g l a d e s h , a n d o t h e r c o u n - f o r p r e g n a n t w o m e n a n d tr ies, according to Depar tment i n f a n t s , a n d t h e n a t i o n a l school-lunch program. -
Massacre at Mỹ Lai: the 504 Lives, and What They Mean Min T Tun
Massacre At Mỹ Lai: The 504 Lives, and What They Mean Min T Tun Senior Division Historical Paper Word Count: 2,499 1 “The greatest irony and tragedy of all is that our nation, which initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world, is now cast in the mold of being an arch anti-revolutionary.” - Martin Luther King Jr. (King Jr.) On the morning of March 16, 1968, around 100 soldiers in Charlie Company were tasked with a Viet Cong search and destroy operation in the village of Sơn Mỹ, nicknamed Pinksville. What happened next was an incident that would go on to be the most infamous event in the entirety of US involvement in the Vietnam War; the sub hamlets of Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê were absolutely devastated. An approximated 504 civilians were killed at the hands of US soldiers, many of them while running away from the violence and bloodshed. Women were raped, children mercilessly gunned down. PFC Lawrence M. Colburn, who was a helicopter door gunner, describes seeing corpses piled on each other. He also testified that there were “at least a hundred [corpses]” in a ditch alone (Colburn). The incident alone was not uncovered until late 1969, nearly a year and a half later. In many ways, this massacre was not a first for the far reaches of the US military, and it certainly would not be the last. The Mỹ Lai massacre was a massacre that broke barriers by being the first slaughter to be highly publicized and known, and revealed the crimes committed under the guise of American intervention. -
[IRE Journal Issue Irejournalmayjun2004; Thu Apr 1
CONTENTSFEATURES THE IRE JOURNAL 20 - 29 TRACKING SEX OFFENDERS TABLE OF CONTENTS MAY/JUNE 2004 OFFENDER SCREENING Likely predators released 4 Media insurers may push despite red-flag testing strong journalism training By John Stefany to manage risks, costs (Minnneapolis) Star Tribune By Brant Houston The IRE Journal STATE REGISTRY System fails to keep tabs 10 Top investigative work on released sex offenders named in 2003 IRE Awards By Frank Gluck By The IRE Journal The (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) Gazette 14 2004 IRE Conference to feature best in business COACHING THREAT By The IRE Journal Abuse of female athletes often covered up, ignored 16 BUDGET PROPOSAL By Christine Willmsen Organization maintains steady, conservative The Seattle Times course in light of tight training, data budgets in newsrooms By Brant Houston The IRE Journal 30 IMMIGRANT PROFILING 18 PUBLIC RECORDS Arabs face scrutiny in Detroit area Florida fails access test in joint newspaper audit in two years following 9/11 terrorist attacks By John Bebow By Chris Davis and Matthew Doig for The IRE Journal Sarasota Herald-Tribune 19 FOI REPORT 32 Irreverent approach to freelancing Privacy exemptions explains the need to break the rules may prove higher hurdle By Steve Weinberg than national security The IRE Journal By Jennifer LaFleur Checking criminal backgrounds The Dallas Morning News 33 By Carolyn Edds The IRE Journal ABOUT THE COVER 34 UNAUDITED STATE SPENDING Law enforcement has a tough Yes, writing about state budgets can sometimes be fun time keeping track of sexual By John M.R. Bull predators – often until they The (Allentown, Pa.) Morning Call re-offend and find themselves 35 LEGAL CORNER back in custody. -
Sounding Off: Folksong, Poetry, and Other Cognitive
SOUNDING OFF: FOLKSONG, POETRY, AND OTHER COGNITIVE DISSONANCE FROM THE AMERICAN WAR IN VIETNAM A Dissertation by MATTHEW KIRK IRWIN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Terry H. Anderson Committee Members, David Vaught John Lenihan William Bedford Clark Head of Department, David Vaught December 2014 Major Subject: History Copyright 2014 Matthew Kirk Irwin ABSTRACT Among works treating Vietnam War history, few mention and none address extensively the folk culture that American and Vietnamese military forces produced. To bridge gaps between traditional and cultural primary sources, this study examines folk culture that the historiography has neglected: graffiti, folksongs, and poetry. Most were conceived and produced in-country, near in time to specific wartime experiences and their consequent emotions, thus lending them an emotional relevance and chronological proximity to Vietnam War history few other primary sources can boast. Graffiti, songs, and poems derived from specific historical contexts, registering social commentary and chronicling the cognitive dissonance that arose among combatants when their coveted, long-held, patriotic mythologies collided with wartime realities. These sources document the Vietnam War’s “inner-history”—the emotions, beliefs, concerns, and emotions of particular individuals, many of whom find voice virtually nowhere else in the historiographical canon. What folk culture lacks in terms of scope and scale vis-à-vis traditional sources, it abounds with in physical description, emotional narration, honesty, and transparency. Its value to historical inquiry lies in its tendency to pull no punches—ever. -
Vietnam War Casualties
Vietnam War casualties 50 percent. Civilian deaths caused by communist forces, which included the Viet Cong, North Vietnamese Army, Pathet Lao and Khmer Rouge, mostly resulted from as- sassinations and terror tactics. Civilian deaths caused by the armed forces of the governments of South Viet- nam, Cambodia, Laos, the United States, South Korea, and other allies were primarily the consequence of exten- sive aerial bombing and the use of massive firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. The nature of the war often made it difficult to distinguish The American War Memorial of the dead Vietnamese between combatants and non-combatants. soldiers, Vietnam (Hanoi). A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. The best- known are the Massacre at Huế and the My Lai massacre. 1 Total number of deaths The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, USA (Washington, D.C.). Two major war memorials commemorating the dead soldiers in the Second Indochina War (aka. the Vietnam War and the American War). Estimates of casualties in the Vietnam War vary widely. The most extensive survey estimates deaths in the war from 1954 to 1975 at between 1.5 and 3.6 million people. This estimate includes both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The Second Indochina War (aka. the Vietnam War or the American War) began in 1955 and ended in 1975 when North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon. Dur- ing this period, the war escalated from an insurgency in South Vietnam assisted by the North Vietnamese govern- ment to direct military intervention in the south by North Vietnam to assist the insurgents and the intervention of military forces of the United States and other countries to assist South Vietnam. -
Violence Against Women During the Vietnam War
“AN EVERYDAY AFFAIR” Violence Against Women during the Vietnam War Elizabeth (Liza) Anderson TC 660H Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin May 13, 2020 __________________________________________ Mark Lawrence History Supervising Professor __________________________________________ Aaron O’Connell History Second Reader 1 Abstract Author: Elizabeth (Liza) Anderson Title: “An Everyday Affair”: Violence Against Women during the Vietnam War Supervising Professors: Mark Lawrence, Aaron O’Connell Despite decades worth of analysis and investigation into the Vietnam War, violence against civilian women throughout the conflict has been largely overlooked by historians. Most accounts of the war include references to abuses perpetrated against civilian women by American servicemen, but this phenomenon is rarely the focus of individual study by historians. This thesis reexamines the history of violence against women during the war through the lens of women’s liberation and the #MeToo movement. In an endeavor to answer the question of why otherwise normal American men participated in violence against women throughout the war, I analyze testimony from more than 60 men and women who witnessed, experienced, or participated in sexual violence in Vietnam. I also rely on the broad body of literature surrounding war crimes and atrocities during the Vietnam War. The argument proceeds in three parts. First, I demonstrate that sexual violence, although not ubiquitously common, was a key aspect of many people’s experience in the war. Then, I argue that the conditions of the conflict facilitated this violence by providing the environment and culture for it to take place. Finally, I show that the culture within specific units made sexual violence more common. -
THE NATION December 1, 2008 a My Lai a Month by Nick Turse by the Mid1960s, the Mekong Delta, with Its
THE NATION December 1, 2008 A My Lai a Month by Nick Turse By the mid1960s, the Mekong Delta, with its verdant paddies and canalside hamlets, was the rice bowl of South Vietnam and home to nearly 6 million Vietnamese. It was also one of the most important revolutionary strongholds during the Vietnam War. Despite its military significance, State Department officials were "deeply concerned" about introducing a large number of US troops into the densely populated area, fearing that it would be impossible to limit civilian carnage. Yet in late 1968, as peace talks in Paris got under way in earnest, US officials launched a "land rush" to pacify huge swaths of the Delta and bring the population under the control of the South Vietnamese government in Saigon. To this end, from December 1968 through May 1969, a largescale operation was carried out by the Ninth Infantry Division, with support from nondivision assets ranging from helicopter gunships to B52 bombers. The offensive, known as Operation Speedy Express, claimed an enemy body count of 10,899 at a cost of only 267 American lives. Although guerrillas were known to be well armed, the division captured only 748 weapons. In late 1969 Seymour Hersh broke the story of the 1968 My Lai massacre, during which US troops slaughtered more than 500 civilians in Quang Ngai Province, far north of the Delta. Some months later, in May 1970, a selfdescribed "grunt" who participated in Speedy Express wrote a confidential letter to William Westmoreland, then Army chief of staff, saying that the Ninth Division's atrocities amounted to "a My Lay each month for over a year." In his 1976 memoir A Soldier Reports, Westmoreland insisted, "The Army investigated every case [of possible war crimes], no matter who made the allegation," and claimed that "none of the crimes even remotely approached the magnitude and horror of My Lai." Yet he personally took action to quash an investigation into the largescale atrocities described in the soldier's letter. -
Vietnam War: in the Lake of the Woods & Its Historical Perspective
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 1582-1594, December 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.03 Tim O’Brien’s “Bad” Vietnam War: In the Lake of the Woods & Its Historical Perspective Ramtin Noor-Tehrani (Noor) Mahini Acalanes High School, Lafayette, California, USA Erin Barth Acalanes High School, Lafayette, California, USA Jed Morrow Acalanes High School, Lafayette, California, USA Abstract—Award-winning author Tim O’Brien was sent to Vietnam as a foot soldier in 1969, when American combat troops were gradually withdrawn from the country. A closer look at his Vietnam war stories reveals that he indeed touched upon almost all issues or problems of American soldiers in this “bad” war; yet not many peer-reviewed authors or online literary analysis websites could identify and discuss them all. The purpose of this article is to address the war details in O’Brien’s In the Lake of the Woods and its historical perspective, so that middle and high school readers can understand the meaning behind Tim O'Brien's stories and know the entire big Vietnam War picture. Specifically, this article discusses the following issues that are raised by O’Brien in this novel: the Mỹ Lai Massacre and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Vietnam War veterans. In addition, the Mỹ Lai Massacre cover-up, forgotten heroes of Mỹ Lai, and soldiers’ moral courage are also presented. Index Terms—Tim O’Brien, In the Lake of the Woods, Vietnam War, Mỹ Lai Massacre, Mỹ Lai cover-up, Hugh Thompson, Ron Ridenhour, Seymour Hersh, Lawrence Colburn, Glenn Andreotta, peers inquiry I. -
Zinoman & Kulik
Misrepresenting Atrocities: Kill Anything that Moves and the Continuing Distortions of the War in Vietnam Gary Kulik, former editor of American Quarterly Peter Zinoman, University of California, Berkeley Nick Turse. Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2013. 384 pp. $30.00 (cloth), $17.00 (paper), $10.00 (e-book). Introduction While a new body of serious academic scholarship on the Vietnam War has recently broken free from the polarized battles between “hawks” and “doves” that stunted the development of the field in the 1960s and 1970s, much mainstream historical writing on the conflict continues to be consumed by a strangely dated and zero-sum form of political combat.1 Historians of the war who continue to work in this deeply politicized vein ignore many of the most critical theoretical and methodological developments in the historical study of warfare, as well as new studies of Vietnamese history that challenge old interpretations of the conflict. The academic establishment and the reading public must bear some responsibility for the survival of this mode of scholarship, since research addressing old topics in familiar ways continues to find a large audience. The enduring popularity of politicized approaches to the Vietnam War in the United States is perfectly illustrated by the commercial success and critical praise garnered by Nick Turse’s new book, Kill Anything that Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam (KATM), a New York Times best seller that has been reviewed widely and warmly in the press and discussed at length on radio and television.