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North American Root Weevil Workshop OSU Department of Entomology, Integrated Plant Protection Center, Andthe North Willamette Researchandextension Center

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North American Root Weevil Workshop OSU Department of Entomology, Integrated Plant Protection Center, Andthe North Willamette Researchandextension Center Special Report 1065 January 2007 Proceedings of November1-2, 2001 North American Root Weevil Workshop OSU Department of Entomology, Integrated Plant Protection Center, andthe North Willamette ResearchandExtension Center Oregon State +Agricultural UNIVERSITY Experiment Station For additional copies of this publication Robin Rosetta Extension Horticulturist North Willamette Research & Extension Center 15210 NE Miley Rd. Aurora, OR 97002-9543 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University Special Report 1065 January 2007 Proceedings of November 1-2, 200 I North American Root Weevil Workshop OSU Department of Entomology, Integrated Plant Protection Center, and the North Willamette Research and Extension Center Trade-name products and services are mentioned as illustrations only. This does not mean that the Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station either endorses these products and services or intends to discriminate against products and services not mentioned. Preface The First North American Root Weevil Workshop was held at the Oregon State University North Willamette Research and Extension Center in Aurora, Oregon, November 1-2, 2001. The participants discussed topics including root weevil biology, detection, and monitoring, as well as the population dynamics and integrated pest management of root weevils in different parts of North America. Highlights of the meeting included a description by Sharon Collman (now with Washington State University Extension) of a 17-species complex of root weevils that affect nurseries or landscapes in the northwest region. Sharon also presented a brief overview of root weevil predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. A presentation by Richard Mankin (USDA- Agricultural Research Service) showed that it was possible to detect root weevil larvae feeding on plant roots using sensitive acoustic instrumentation, and that different weevil species had unique acoustic "signatures." Basic rearing techniques and methods for conducting trials with adults were covered in two papers presented by Richard Cowles (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station). Ralph Berry and Len Coop (Oregon State University) demonstrated the pest phenology modeling feature of their pest management program in mint. Producers with Internet access can run models forecasting the development of strawberry root weevils based on user-provided weather data, or input from one of the hundreds of weather stations plugged into the system. Rufus LaLone (J.M. Smucker Co.) provided an industry perspective on root weevils by considering the effects of different species on agricultural production in the Northwest. Given the weevils that are out there, what is the impact in the end product? In a nutshell, one grower with a weevil infestation can affect many other growers. Jim Todd (Willamette Agricultural Consulting Co.) presented data showing thatBarypeithes pellucidus,once considered a minor pest, has been increasing in importance in strawberries and conifers, and the strawberry root weevil has been observed using grass as an alternate host. This last observation should not be a surprise, given the opportunity provided by Oregon's vast acreage of grass seed fields. The final two papers in these proceedings are from invitees who had prepared reports but were unable to attend the workshop. The paper by Joe DeFrancesco et al. deals with the efficacy of soil-applied insecticides (chloronicotinyls, carbamates, and biological) for root weevils in strawberry. The paper by Bryon Quebbeman et al. gave results of tests on new chemical insecticides (chloronicotinyls and carbamates) for the control of strawberry root weevil larvae and adults in mint. -Peter Gothro, Robin Rosetta, and Richard Mankin, Editors i Contents An Aggregation of Root Weevils Sharon J. Collman.....................................................................................................I Acoustic Detection of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval Infestations in Nursery Containers R.W. Mankin and J.R. Fisher..................................................................................I 0 Insect Parasitoids Reared from Adult Root Weevils Collected in Washington Sharon J. Collman...................................................................................................16 Techniques in Black Vine Weevil Research: Part I, Pot Studies and Rearing Richard S. Cowles...................................................................................................21 Techniques in Black Vine Weevil Research: Part II, Adulticide Studies Richard S. Cowles...................................................................................................23 A Food Industry Perspective on Root Weevils Rufus S. LaLone.....................................................................................................27 Speak No Weevil: What Rhododendron Growers Said About Their Root Weevil Management R.L. Rosetta and S.E. Svenson................................................................................29 Integrated Pest Management on Peppermint-IPMP3.0 Ralph E. Berry and Leonard B. Coop......................................................................33 Observations for Proceedings of the North American Root Weevil Conference, November 1-2, 2001 James G. Todd........................................................................................................35 Root Weevil Larvae Control in Oregon Strawberries J.T. DeFrancesco, G.P. Koskela, and G.C. Fisher....................................................36 Registration of New Insecticides for Mint Bryon Quebbeman, Darrin Walenta, and Mark Morris............................................37 ii Workshop Agenda Thursday, November 1, 2001 8:00 a.m. Registration 9:00 a.m. Introductions and Welcome,Peter Gothro 9:30 a.m. Biology & Life History of Root Weevils: PartI, Sharon Collman An Aggregation of Weevils-Notes from the Census of Weevils in Nurseries and Landscapes Lessons from the Board Trap Survey in a Rhododendron Nursery 10:30 a.m. Coffee break 10:45 a.m. Biology & Life History of Root Weevils: Part II,Sharon Collman Root Weevil Acoustics-RichardMankin All Things Weevilish-JimFisher Growing up in a Small Midwestern Nursery-DanHerms Noon Lunch 1:30 p.m. Weevil Control: PartI, Rich Cowles Parasitoids of RootWeevils-Sharon Collman Controlling those "East Coast Adults"-RichCowles West Side Story-SvenSvenson Weevils in the Jam-NOT!-GaryMelchior 2:45 p.m. Coffee break 3:00 p.m. Roundtable discussion 5:30 p.m. Dinner at Langdon Farms Golf Club Friday, November 2, 2001 8:30 a.m. Bionomics/Monitoring:Part I, Robin Rosetta Weevil Management Survey IPMPDemo-Ralph Berry 9:45 a.m. Coffee break 10:00 a.m. Bionomics/Monitoring: Part II,Robin Rosetta General comments from the floor Noon Lunch 1:30 p.m. Future Research/RegionalProject,Peter Gothro Identify Problem Areas: Local species composition Scouting and monitoring Thresholds Developmental models Who's working on what? 2:30 p.m. Coffee break 2:45 p.m. Roundtable discussion 3:30 p.m. Wrap-up,Peter Gothro iii An Aggregation of RootWeevils Sharon J. Collman Extension Educator, Horticulture and IPM Washington State University Extension 699 1281h St. SE Everett. WA 98208 Phone: 425-357-6025, Fax: 425-338-3994 E-mail:[email protected] Abstract When developing strategies for integrated management of root weevils in the Pacific Northwest, it is important to determine which species are present onsite, since each species may have different life cycles or respond differentially to pesticides. This study included 450 nocturnal collections of adult weevils and was conducted in landscapes and nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. Although most (60 percent) of the technical root weevil literature and most of the literature on landscape and nursery plants focuses on the black vine weevil,Otiorhynchus sulcatus(F.), this study revealed that the black vine weevil is not always the only weevil present. Indeed, it is sometimes not the dominant weevil at a site. As expected from the literature, eight weevil species in five genera were commonly observed: O. sulcatus, O. ovatus, O. rugosostriatus, O. singularis, Nemocestes incomptus, Sciopithes obscurus, Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus,andDyslobus granicollis.However, nine other species and three genera were found in the study: O. meridionalis, N. horni, N. montanus, Barypeithes pellucidus, Strophosoma melanogrammum, Sciaphilus asperatus, 0. raucus(a new state record) and one undescribed species,Nemocestesn.sp. This brings the total to 17 species in 8 genera. A brief overview of the expected weevils, summary of the new species, and a table with a photo and brief synopsis of each weevil is presented; a short consideration of seasonal weevil activity is also included. Introduction Despite more than a century of research on root as do articles in trade publications and garden weevils and the registration of scores of pesticides, root literature. It is reasonable to assume that most weevils remain among the top pests that damage plants growers, pesticide applicators, and homeowners in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and in the United follow the management strategies in these articles. States. They cause substantial economic losses in However, these strategies for black vine weevil may nurseries and new landscapes, and aesthetic damage not control the other weevil species that cause and some losses in established gardens. The members significant damage to landscape and nursery plants. of the Washington State
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