Root Weevils Fact Sheet No. 5.551 Insect Series|Home and Garden by W.S. Cranshaw* None of the root weevils can fly and A root weevil is a type of “snout beetle” they are night active, hiding during the Quick Facts that develops on the roots of various plants. day around the base of host plants, usually Adult stages produce more conspicuous under a bit of cover. About an hour after • Root weevils can be common plant damage, cutting angular notches along sunset they become active and crawl onto insects that develop on roots the edge of leaves when they feed at night. the plants to feed on leaves, producing their of many garden plants. Adult root weevils also may attract attention characteristic angular notches. If disturbed, • Adult root weevils chew when they wander into buildings, acting as a root weevils will readily drop from plants and distinctive notches along the temporary “nuisance invader”. play dead. The most common root weevils found Adults typically live for at least a couple edges of leaves at night. in Colorado are strawberry root weevil of months, and some may be present into • Some kinds of root weevils (Otiorhynchus ovatus), rough strawberry autumn. Most eggs are laid in late spring and often wander into homes but root weevil (O. rugostriatus), black vine early summer with females squeezing eggs cause no injury indoors. weevil (O. sulcatus) and lilac root weevil into soil cracks. A few days after they are (O. meridionalis). Dyslobus decoratus is laid, eggs hatch and the larvae move to the • Insecticides applied on the established in some areas and chews leaves roots where they feed. lower trunk and branches of various shrubs. Two small root weevils can be used to control leaf that sometimes wander into buildings are Plant Injury by Root Weevils feeding by adult root weevils. hairy spider weevil (Barypeithes pellucidus), Leaf notching by the adults is the only and Trachyphloeus asperatus. Several other • Soil drenches of certain injury that is easily observed. Several kinds species likely occur in the state as root weevils entomopathogenic of plants may be fed upon by each of the are easily moved in nursery stock. nematodes can be used to different kinds of root weevils and two or more kinds of root weevils may be present control root weevil larvae. Life History and Habits in a garden. Searching the plants at night is The life history for black vine weevil the best means to determine what species is and strawberry root weevil have been most present. studied and likely have life histories similar Lilac root weevil is most often found to that of other common root weevils. A feeding on lilac, privet, peony and euonymus. one year life cycle is normal for all species. Euonymus, Heuchera, Astilbe, hosta, creeping With few exceptions, winter will be spent jenny, peony and wisteria are among as a larva, in the soil, feeding on roots when the common hosts of black vine weevil. temperatures allow. Larvae of root weevils Strawberry root weevil also has a very are legless grubs, with a cream-colored wide host range that includes strawberry, body and a pale orange-brown head. In late raspberry, rhubarb, white clover, dandelion, winter and early spring, larvae complete development and then transform to the pupal stage, which also occurs in the soil. Most adult root weevils emerge in mid to late spring. Some species (e.g., black vine weevil, strawberry root weevil) produce only females and reproduce asexually. Others, such as lilac root weevil, produce males and females. © Colorado State University Extension. 1/00. Revised 1/19. extension.colostate.edu

* Colorado State University Extension entomologist Figure 1: Black vine weevil feeding on hops and professor, bioagricultural sciences and pest plant at night. management. 1/19. used as a soil drench treatment to control root weevil larvae in soil. (See fact sheet 5.573, Insect Parasitic Nematodes for more details.) Several species of these nematodes are commercially available, all via mail order, but those in the genus Heterorhabditis (e.g., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) are most effective for control of root weevil larvae. These would be most effectively applied after most eggs have hatched and when soil temperatures are Figure 2: Strawberry root weevil feeds on warm. For most root weevils this would many different kinds of plants. They also can be common nuisance invaders of buildings, be during the summer months, typically particularly during hot, dry weather between mid-July and mid-September. The Figure 3: Rough strawberry root weevil. nematodes are applied as a drench to the dahlia, and mint but it has also been soil and the treated area should be watered reported to feed on many kinds of trees to keep the soil moist. and shrubs, chewing on the roots and bark at the base of the plant. Rose, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, and cotoneaster Root Weevils as Nuisance are among the hosts of rough strawberry Pests in Buildings root weevil. Cherry and buckthorn Some root weevils will incidentally are among the more common hosts of wander into buildings at certain times Dyslobus decoratus. Hairy spider weevil is of the year. This most often happens reported to feed on several types of trees with strawberry root weevil, which most and shrubs (cherry, elm, hawthorn, oak) as frequently invades homes during periods Figure 4: Black vine weevil. well as many common herbaceous plants, of hot, dry weather in late June and July. including some weeds (aster, dandelion, The hairy spider weevil andTrachyphloeus ragwort, thistle). The host plants for asperatus also tend to wander into buildings Trachyphloeus asperatus are unknown. in early summer. During late summer and As root weevil adults normally travel early autumn black vine weevil and rough only short distances, it is likely that larvae strawberry root weevil are more commonly are developing on plants that show injury observed indoors. by adults. However, that may not always Inside homes, the root weevils cause no be the case and larval injury can only be injury to humans or household furnishings. confirmed by digging plants to expose the Their occurrence is solely as a temporary larvae feeding on roots. This is best done nuisance invader that will not reproduce in autumn and early spring when larvae are indoors. When root weevils are present more full-grown and easily seen. Severe Figure 5: Lilac root weevil and associated leaf often the best course is to tolerate the notching on peony. root pruning by larvae can potentially cause occasional beetles, vacuuming them as they plants to decline and dieback, but this is are observed. Left alone, root weevils will rarely observed in landscape plantings. either die out on their own or migrate back outdoors and infestations of buildings tend Control of Root Weevils on Plants. to be short-lived. Adult root weevils can be controlled Migrations indoors are best prevented with sprays of several kinds of pyrethroid by sealing openings of the building that insecticides such as permethrin, bifenthrin, allow root weevils (and other insects) cyfluthrin, or cyhalothrin. These are best access to the interior. Root weevil numbers applied on the lower trunk of the plants may also be reduced by removing plants and around the base of the plant to kill around the outside of the home on which the weevils as they climb. If the plant is the insects feed.Insects Reducing watering flowering and attracting pollinators, sprays around building foundations may also Figure 6: Dylobus decortatus feeding on should not be made to leaves and flowers. limit appearance of root weevils within buckthorn. If plants are not in bloom it may be useful buildings, as the adult insects appear to spray lower leaves as well as the lower attracted to shade and moisture. trunk and branches. Sprays made late in There is no effective use of insecticides the day, shortly before the insects become applied indoors for reducing root weevils. active may improve effectiveness. Insecticides applied on the building exterior “Beneficial nematodes” that target cracks and other points of (entomopathogenic nematodes) can be potential insect entry may further suppress the incidental migration of root weevils into buildings.

Figure 10: Larva of lilac root weevil feeding on roots of peony.

Figure 7: Hairy spider weevils attract attention when they wander in buildings.

Figure 11: White grub killed by the Heterorhabditis nematodes. This entomopathogenic nematode causes the infected insect to have a reddish-brown color. Photograph courtesy of David Shetlar, The Ohio State University.

Figure 8: Trachyphloeus asperatus is a small weevil that sometimes occurs indoors. The host plants for this insect are not known.

Figure 9: Leaf notching of lilac produced by lilac root weevil.

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