US 20090099.135A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0099135A1 Enan (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 16, 2009

(54) PEST CONTROL COMPOSITIONS AND Publication Classification METHODS (51) Int. Cl. AOIN 57/6 (2006.01) AOIN 47/2 (2006.01) (75) Inventor: Essam Enan, Davis, CA (US) AOIN 43/12 (2006.01) AOIN 57/4 (2006.01) AOIN 53/06 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: AOIN 5L/00 (2006.01) SONNENSCHEN NATH & ROSENTHAL LLP AOIN 43/40 (2006.01) AOIP3/00 (2006.01) P.O. BOX 061080, WACKER DRIVE STATION, AOIP 7/04 (2006.01) SEARS TOWER AOIP 7/02 (2006.01) CHICAGO, IL 60606-1080 (US) AOIN 43/90 (2006.01) AOIN 43/6 (2006.01) AOIN 43/56 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: TyraTech, Inc., Melbourne, FL AOIN 29/2 (2006.01) (US) AOIN 43/52 (2006.01) AOIN 57/12 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl...... 514/86; 514/477; 514/469; 514/481; (21) Appl. No.: 12/009,220 514/395; 514/122:514/89: 514/486; 514/132: 514/748; 514/520; 514/531; 514/.407: 514/365; 514/341; 514/453: 514/343; 514/299 (22) Filed: Jan. 16, 2008 (57) ABSTRACT Embodiments of the present invention provide compositions for controlling a target pest including a pest control product Related U.S. Application Data and at least one active agent, wherein: the active agent can be capable of interacting with a receptor in the target pest; the (60) Provisional application No. 60/885,214, filed on Jan. pest control product can have a first activity against the target 16, 2007, provisional application No. 60/885,403, pest when applied without the active agent and the composi filed on Jan. 17, 2007, provisional application No. tions can have a second activity against the target pest, and the 60/889,259, filed on Feb. 9, 2007. second activity can be greater than the first activity. Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 1 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

, Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 2 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 3 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

Biogenic amine receptors Coupled Ca2 to intracellular IP3/DAG signaling pathway

FIG. 3 Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 4 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

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FIG. 4B Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 6 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

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FIG. 4C Patent Application Publication Apr. 16, 2009 Sheet 7 of 15 US 2009/0099.135 A1

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US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

PEST CONTROL COMPOSITIONS AND and the compositions exhibit a greater disablement effect than METHODS the pest control product applied without the active agent. The first activity can persist for a first period, the second activity CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED can persist for a second period, and the second period can be APPLICATIONS longer than the first period. The active agent can include a 0001. This application claims priority from U.S. Provi synergistic combination of at least two receptor ligands. The sional Application Ser. Nos. 60/885,214 filed Jan. 16, 2007, second activity can reflect a synergistic interaction of the 60/885,403 filed Jan. 17, 2007, and 60/889,259 filed Feb. 9, active agent and the pest control product. 2007, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its 0007. The target pest can be selected from the group con entirety. sisting of a fungus, a plant, an animal, a moneran, and a protist. The target pest can be an arthropod species, such as, FIELD OF THE INVENTION for example, an insect, an arachnid, or an arachnoid. The target pest can be a species belonging to an animal order 0002 The present invention relates to compositions and selected from: Acari, Anoplura, Araneae, Blattodea, methods related to controlling insects. Coleoptera, Collembola, Diptera, Grylloptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mantodea, Mallophaga, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, 0003. While the first recorded use of chemicals to control Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Symphyla, Thysanura, and Thys pests dates back to 2500 BC, only in the last 60 years has anoptera. chemical control has been widely used. Early pesticides 0008. The pest control product can be a chlorphenoxy included hellebore to control body lice, nicotine to control compound Such as, for example, 2,4-D Amine and/or 2.4D aphids, and pyrithrinto control a wide variety of insects. Lead IBE. Likewise, the pest control product can be a carbamate arsenate was first used in 1892 as an orchard spray, while at Such as, for example, methomyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, the same time it was discovered that a mixture of lime and BPMC, carbendazim, carbosulfan, captain hydrochloride, copper sulphate (Bordeaux mixture) controlled downy mil and/or cartap. The pest control product can be an organophos dew, a fungal disease of grapes. phate such as, for example, acephate, malathion, diazinon, 0004. The modern era of chemical pest control com chlorpy firos, fenoxycab, edifenphos, febuconazole, chlor menced during World War II. For example, DDT played a phenapyr, magnesium phosphide, metamidophos, and/or major role in maintaining the health and welfare of soldiers fenitrothion. The pest control product can be an organochlo who used it to control body lice and mosquitoes. Further rine such as, for example, DDT. DDE, and/or heptachlorep developments of pesticides followed, and with their relatively oxide. The pest control product can be a pyrethroid such as, low cost, ease of use, and effectiveness, they became the for example, cypermethrin, cynmethylin+2,4-D IBE, lamb primary means of pest control. Protection of crops, produce, dacyhalothrin, dazomet, cyfluthrin, betacypermethrin, pen animals, and humans over extended periods became possible dimethlin, permethrin, deltamethrin, bifenethrin, alphacyper with corresponding increases in food production and methrin, fenvalerate, propanil, and/or esfenvalerate. The pest improved standards of living. control product can be a neonicotinoid such as, for example, 0005. Some modern pesticides are sophisticated com thiomethoxam, fipronil, clothianidin, and/or imidacloprid. pounds that are carefully researched to ensure they are effec The pest control product can include at least one of an aver tive against target organisms, generally safe to the environ mectin, abamectin, spinosad, fluxastrobin, and/or indoxac ment, and can be used without undue hazard to users or arb. The pest control product can be a botanical product Such consumers. Many of these have been developed to target as, for example, rotenone, nicotine, caffeine, a pyrethrum, an specific biochemical reactions within the target organism, essential oil, and/or a fixed oil. The pest control product can e.g. an enzyme necessary for photosynthesis within a plant or be a fungicide, a nematicide, an insecticide, an acaricide, a hormone required for normal development in an insect. and/or a bactericide. Thus, Some modern chemicals are safer, more specific, and 0009. The receptor can be a G protein-coupled receptor friendlier to the environment than the older products they (GPCR), such as a GPCR of the insect olfactory cascade, such have replaced. as, for example, a tyramine receptor, an olfactory receptor Or43a, an olfactory receptor Or83b and/or an octopamine SUMMARY receptor. Binding of the receptor by an ingredient of the 0006 Embodiments of the present invention provide com compositions can result in a change in intracellular level of positions for controlling a target pest including a pest control cAMP and/or calcium, wherein the change can be sufficient product and at least one active agent, wherein: the active agent to permit control of the target pest. can be capable of interacting with a receptor in the target pest; 0010 Control can include a condition such as, for the pest control product can have a first activity against the example, killing, knockdown, repellency, interference with target pest when applied without the active agent and the reproduction, interference with feeding, and interference compositions can have a second activity against the target with a stage of a life cycle of the target pest. pest, and the second activity can be greater than the first 0011 Embodiments of the invention also include a crop activity. The first and second activities can be quantified by protected by the compositions disclosed herein. measuring concentration of the pest control product effective 0012. In addition, embodiments of the invention can to control the target pest, and a concentration corresponding include compositions for controlling a target pest including a to the first activity can be higher than a concentration corre pest control product and at least one active agent, wherein: the sponding to the second activity. The first and second activities active agent can include a ligand of a GPCR of a target pest, can be quantified by measuring disablement effect of the wherein binding of the ligand to the GPCR can cause a change target pest at a standard concentration of pest control product, in a level of cAMP or calcium that can permit control of the US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 target pest; the pest control product can have a first activity pest. The methods can include applying a composition to a against the target pest, the active agent can have a second target pest or to a Substrate associated with a target pest, activity against the target pest, and the compositions can have wherein the compositions can include a pesticide and an a third activity against the target pest; and the third activity active agent including at least one receptor ligand, and can be greater than the first activity or the second activity. The wherein the pest control can include affecting a physiological active agent can include a synergistic combination of at least condition of the pest associated with a function of the pesti two GPCR ligands. The third activity can be indicative of cide while also affecting a function of the receptor associated synergy between the active agent and the pest control product. with the receptor ligand. The binding of the receptor by an In some embodiments, compositions can include at least two ingredient of the compositions can result in a change in intra active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient cellular level of cAMP and/or calcium, and wherein the interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) of the change can be sufficient to permit control of the target pest. pest and wherein at least one active ingredient does not inter The pesticide can be selected from a chlorphenoxy com act with the GPCR, and wherein the at least two active ingre pound, a carbamate, an organophosphate, an organochlorine, dients in combination have a synergistic pest-control activity. a pyrethroid, a neonicotinoid, a botanical product, a fungi The pest can be an insect and the GPCR can be associated cide, a nematicide, and insecticide, and acaracide, a bacteri with olfaction, and further the GPCR preferably can be absent cide. and an avermectin. The Substrate can be, for example, a from vertebrate animals. The synergistic pest-control activity crop plant and/or a soil. The target pest can be, for example, a can have a coefficient of synergy in excess of 1.5. The Syner fungus, a plant, an animal, a moneran, or a protist. The use of gistic pest-control activity can exceed additive effects of the the compositions can permitan improvement of control of the active ingredients, as measured by the Colby calculation of pest as compared with use of the pesticide alone or the active synergy. The GPCR can have a high affinity for the active agent alone. The improvement can include a synergistic inter ingredient in a target organism and the GPCR can be absent or action of the pest control product with the active agent. The can have a low affinity for the active ingredient in a non-target improvement can include an improved result with use of a organism. The non-target organism can be a vertebrate ani substantially similar amount of the pest control product. The mal. In some embodiments, the target organism can be a improved result can be at least one of increased killing of the plant, an animal, a fungus, a protist, or a moneran, and the target pest, increased interference with reproduction by the non-target organism can be selected from a crop plant, a target pest, and prolonged effectiveness of the pest control Vertebrate animal, and a non-pest invertebrate. product. The improvement can include a Substantially similar 0013. In some embodiments, the invention provides low result with use of a substantially lower amount of the pest resistance pest-control compositions, including at least a first control product and/or the active agent. Use of the composi active ingredient and a second active ingredient, wherein the tions permits an agricultural improvement such as, for first active ingredient interacts with a first molecular target example, increased crop yield; reduced frequency of applica under genetic control within a selected pest, and wherein the tion of pest control product; reduced phytotoxicity associated second active ingredient interacts with a second molecular with the pesticide; and reduced cost or increased value asso target under genetic control within the selected pest, and ciated with at least one environmental factor. The environ wherein the ingredients in the compositions act together in a mental factor can include, for example, air quality, water complementary manner upon the target pest, and wherein quality, Soil quality, detectable pesticide residue, safety or resistance to the compositions in an individual target pest comfort of workers; and a collateral effect on a non-target requires two separate genetic lesions divergent from a non organism. resistant population of the pest. The first and second molecu 0016. Also provided are methods of developing a compo lar targets can include two separate molecules encoded or sitions for pest control, including: providing a cell line controlled by separate genetic elements. The complementary expressing at least one of a tyramine receptor, an olfactory manner can include an additive effect of each agent acting receptor Orá3a, or an olfactory receptor Or83b, wherein separately, or the complementary manner can include a syn binding of a ligand to any of the receptors causes a change in ergistic effect as compared with each agent acting separately. a level of intracellular cAMP or calcium, and the change can The first molecular target can be a GPCR, and the second be indicative of a potential for invertebrate pest control; con molecular target is preferably not the same as the first molecu tacting the cell with a candidate ligand; detecting a change in lar target. the level of cAMP and/or calcium in the cell; identifying the 0014. Also provided in some embodiments are pest-con candidate ligand as an active compound for control of an trol compositions exhibiting high potency against an inverte invertebrate pest; and combining the active compound with a brate target pest and low toxicity against a vertebrate animal, pesticide to form a composition for pest control, wherein the the compositions including a synergistic combination of pesticide does not bind to a receptor bound by the active active agents, wherein each active agent interacts with a compound, and wherein a combined effect of the active com molecular target with high affinity in the target pest and that pound and the pesticide can include an effect against a target can be absent form, or present with low affinity, from the pest that can be greater than the effect of either the active Vertebrate. The at least one active agent can be a ligand of a compound alone or the pesticide alone. The compositions selected GPCR, and the at least one active agent is preferably further can include a second active compound capable of not a ligand of the selected GPCR. The high target potency binding at least one of the receptors. The active compounds and low vertebrate toxicity can be expressed as a ratio of can cooperate to cause a synergistic change in the level of LD50(target) versus LD50(vertebrate animal), and wherein cAMP and/or calcium in the cell line and/or in a target pest. the ratio can be less than 100:1. The combined effect of the active compound and the pesticide 0015. In some embodiments, the invention provides meth can be synergistic. The combined effect can be determined by ods of pest control including contacting a target pest with a at least one condition selected from the group consisting of composition as described herein, resulting in control of the killing, knockdown, repellency, interference with reproduc US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

tion, interference with feeding, and interference with a stage complementary manner upon the target pest, and wherein of a life cycle of the target pest. resistance to the composition in an individual target pest 0017. Also provided are further methods of pest control, requires two separate genetic lesions divergent from a non including, providing a composition including at a first and a resistant population of the pest. second active ingredient, wherein the first active ingredient 0019. Still other embodiments provide pest control com interacts with a receptor of a target pest, and wherein the positions exemplified by the following: in combination, a second active ingredient can be a pesticide that does not blend of lilac flower oil (LFO), d-limonene, thyme oil, and interact with the receptor of the first active ingredient; and further including a pesticide. The pesticide can be, for contacting the pest with the compositions, wherein the con example, clothianidin. The blend can include 10-80% LFO, tacting results in Synergistic pest control. The compositions 5-60% d-limonene, and 10-80% thyme oil. In other embodi further can include a third active ingredient, wherein the third ments, the blend can include 20-60% LFO, 10-45% d-li active ingredient interacts with a receptor of the target pest, monene, and 20-60% thyme oil. In other embodiments, blend and wherein at least the first and third active ingredients in can include 42.6% w/w LFO, 27.35% w/w d-limonene, and combination synergistically interact to permit control of the 30.08% w/w thyme oil white. target pest. The first and third active ingredients can option ally bind the same receptor; in other embodiments, the first BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS and third active ingredients do not bind the same receptor. The 0020 FIG. 1 shows a screening method using a transfected first, second, and third active ingredients in combination can cell lines expressing a receptor of interest, for example, a have a synergistic effect that can be greater than the effect of biogenic amine receptor, such as, a TyR or an octopamine any single ingredient and can be also greater than the Syner receptor; gistic effect of the first and third ingredients in combination. 0021 FIG. 2 shows the binding of a ligand to a biogenic The receptor can be a GPCR such as, for example, a tyramine amine receptor, resulting in downstream signaling affecting receptor, an olfactory receptor Ora3a, and an olfactory recep certain physiological responses; tor Or83b. The pest control can be associated with a receptor 0022 FIG. 3 shows an insect control chemical, delta activated alteration in a level of cAMP and/or calcium within methrin (DM), affecting downstream signaling; the pest. The alteration can persist for at least about 60 sec 0023 FIG. 4A shows a pesticidal effect against Aedes onds. aegypticaused by 1) a test composition; 2) clothianidin; and 0018. Also provided are other methods of pest control, 3) a combination of a test composition and clothianidin; including: providing a composition including at least two 0024 FIG. 4B shows a pesticidal effect against Aedes active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient aegypticaused by 1) a test composition; 2) clothianidin; and interacts with a GPCR of a target pest, the composition pro 3) a combination of a test composition and clothianidin; duces a first level of at least one of intracellular calcium and 0025 FIG. 4C shows a pesticidal effect against Aedes cyclic AMP in a cell expressing the GPCR on exposure to the aegypticaused by 1) a test composition; 2) imidacloprid; and cell, and the first level can be higher than a second level 3) a combination of a test composition and imidacloprid; produced when the cell can be contacted with any single active ingredient; and contacting the pest with the composi 0026 FIG. 4D shows a pesticidal effect against Droso tions, wherein the contacting results in Synergistic pest con phila sp. caused by 1) a test composition; 2)imidacloprid; and trol. Other embodiments provide methods for controlling a 3) a combination of a test composition and imidacloprid; target pest including use of a pest control compositions, the 0027 FIG. 5 shows a pesticidal effect against Aedes compositions including apest control product and at least one aegypticaused by 1) a test composition; 2) imidacloprid; and active agent, wherein: the active agent can include a ligand of 3) a combination of a test composition and imidacloprid; a GPCR of a target pest, wherein binding of the ligand to the 0028 FIG. 6A shows a pesticidal effect against Periplan GPCR causes a change in a level of cAMP or calcium that eta americana caused by 1) a test composition; 2) clothiani permits control of the target pest; the pest control product can din; and 3)a combination of a test composition and clothiani have a first activity against the target pest, the active agent can din; have a second activity against the target pest, and the compo 0029 FIG. 6B shows a pesticidal effect against Periplan sitions can have a third activity against the target pest, and the eta americana caused by 1) a test composition; 2) imidaclo third activity can be greater than the first activity or the second prid; and 3) a combination of a test composition and imida activity. A further method of pest control can include use of a cloprid; pest control composition, wherein the composition can 0030 FIG. 7 shows a pesticidal effect against bed bugs include at least two active ingredients, wherein at least one caused by 1) a test composition; 2) pyrethrum; and 3) a active ingredient interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor combination of a test composition and pyrethrum; (GPCR) of the pest and wherein at least one active ingredient 0031 FIG. 8A shows the nucleic acid sequence and the does not interact with the GPCR, and wherein the at least two peptide sequence of a Tyramine receptor, active ingredients in combination have a synergistic pest 0032 FIG. 8B shows the nucleic acid sequence and the control activity. Other methods of pest control can permit peptide sequence of a Tyramine receptor, low-resistance in a target pest, including administering a pest 0033 FIG. 9 shows fluorescence intensity curves corre control composition, the composition including at least a first sponding to intracellular calcium ion concentrations, with the active ingredient and a second active ingredient, wherein the curve corresponding to the composition containing the mix first active ingredient interacts with a first molecular target ture of imidacloprid and thyme oil indicated by triangles, the under genetic control within a selected pest, and wherein the curve corresponding to the composition containing the thyme second active ingredient interacts with a second molecular oil alone indicated by circles, and the curve corresponding to target under genetic control within the selected pest, and the composition containing imidacloprid alone indicated by wherein the ingredients in the composition act together in a Squares; US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0034 FIG. 10 shows fluorescence intensity curves corre can bind to a specific molecule (a ligand). Such as, for sponding to intracellular calcium ion concentrations, with the example, a neurotransmitter, hormone, or the like, and ini curve corresponding to the composition containing the mix tiates the cellular response to the ligand. Ligand-induced ture of fluoxastrobin and thyme oil indicated by triangles, the changes in the behavior of receptor proteins can result in curve corresponding to the composition containing the thyme physiological changes that constitute the biological actions of oil alone indicated by squares, and the curve corresponding to the ligands. the composition containing fluoxastrobin alone indicated by 0044. In accordance with the present disclosure, receptors circles. Such as G protein-coupled receptors may be classified on the basis of binding affinity of the receptor to an active ingredient. DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY This may also be expressed as the binding affinity of the active EMBODIMENTS ingredient for the receptor. The binding affinity of an active 0035. Many previously known and commercialized prod ingredient for a receptor, or the binding affinity of a receptor ucts having sufficient pesticidal activity to be useful also have for an active ingredient, may be measured in accordance with toxic or deleterious effects on mammals, fish, fowl, or other methods disclosed herein or methods known to those of skill non-target species. For example, common insecticides Such in the art. As used in the present disclosure, a “low” affinity as organophosphorus compounds and carbamates inhibit the indicates that a high concentration of the active ingredient activity of acetylcholinesterase in all classes of animals. relative to the receptor is required to maximally occupy the Chlordimeformand related formamidines are knownto action binding site of the receptor and trigger a physiological insect octopamine receptors, but have been removed from the response, while a “high affinity indicates that that a low market because of cardiotoxic potential in Vertebrates and concentration of the active ingredient relative to the receptor carcinogenicity in animals and a varied effect on different is adequate to maximally occupy the binding site of the recep insects. tor and trigger a physiological response. A "high affinity 0036) However, the deleterious effects of many pesticides may correspond to, for example, an active ingredient concen can be mitigated by reducing the amount of pesticide that can tration of two or more orders of magnitude less than the be applied to a given area to achieve the desired result. This concentration of the receptor that is effective to trigger the reduction can be achieved by combining the pesticidal com physiological response, while a “low” affinity may corre pound or product with selected active ingredients. These spond to an active ingredient concentration of one or more active ingredients can comprise, for example, plant essential orders of magnitude greater than the concentration of the oils, and the like. Combinations of selected active ingredients receptor that is effective to trigger the physiological response. with selected pesticidal compounds or products can reduce 0045. In Drosophila melanogaster, the olfactory receptors the concentration of pesticide needed to achieve a net effi are located in two pairs of appendages located on the head of ciency, and extend the useful life of existing synthetic pesti the fly. The family of Drosophila chemoreceptors includes cides. approximately 62 odorant receptor (Or) and 68 gustatory 0037. The details of one or more embodiments of the receptor (Gr) proteins, encoded by families of approximately invention are provided. Modifications to embodiments 60 Or and 60 Grgenes through alternative splicing. Some of described in this document, and other embodiments, will be these receptor proteins have been functionally characterized, evident to those of ordinary skill in the art after a study of the while others have been identified by sequence homology to information provided in this document. The information pro other sequences but have not been fully characterized. Other vided in this document, and particularly the specific details of insects have similar olfactory receptor proteins. the described exemplary embodiments, is provided primarily 0046. In certain embodiments, the insect olfactory recep for clearness of understanding and no unnecessary limitations torprotein targeted by the screening or insect control method are to be understood therefrom. of the invention is the tyramine receptor (TyR). In additional 0038 Embodiments of the invention are directed to meth embodiments, the insect olfactory receptor protein is the ods of Screening compositions for pest-control potential, insect olfactory receptor protein Or83b or Or43a. In addi compositions for controlling pests, and methods for using tional embodiments, the targeted protein can be any of the these compositions. insect olfactory protein receptors. 0039. As used herein, "pests’ can mean any organism 0047. Additionally, other components of the insect olfac whose existence it can be desirable to control. Pests can tory receptor cascade can be targeted using the method of the include, for example, bacteria, cestodes, fungi, insects, nema invention in order to identify useful insect control com todes, parasites, plants, and the like. pounds. Exemplary insect olfactory cascade components that 0040. As used herein, "pesticidal' can mean, for example, can be targeted by methods of the invention include but are antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, herbicidal, insecti not limited to serotonin receptor, Or22a, Or22b, GrSa, Gr21a, cidal, and the like. Gró1a, B-arrestin receptor, GRK2 receptor, and tyramine 0041 Screening of Compositions B-hydroxylase receptor, and the like. 0042. In some embodiments of the invention, the screen 0048. With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary screening ing method for pest control potential can target a molecule of method for identifying effective pestcontrol compositions an insect olfactory receptor protein. In some embodiments of can make use of one or more transfected cell lines expressing the invention, the screening method for pest control potential a receptor of interest, for example, a biogenic amine receptor, can target an insect olfactory receptor protein. The insect Such as, a TyR or an octopamine receptor. olfactory system includes more than 60 identified olfactory 0049. In some embodiments of the invention, isolated cell receptors. These receptors are generally members of a large membranes expressing the receptor of interest can be used in family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). competitive binding assays. Whole cells can be used to study 0043. As used herein, a “receptor is an entity on the cell changes in signaling down-stream to the receptor, in response membrane or within the cell, cytoplasm, or cell nucleus that to treatment with a test composition. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0050 Embodiments of the invention can utilize prokary between arginine and lysine, between glutamine and aspar otic and eukaryotic cells including, for example, bacterial agine, between glycine and serine; the Substitution of one cells, yeast cells, fungal cells, insect cells, nematode cells, basic residue such as lysine, arginine or histidine for another; plant cells, animal cells, and the like. Suitable animal cells the Substitution of one acidic residue. Such as aspartic acid or can include, for example, HEK cells, HeLa cells, COS cells, glutamic acid for another, and the like. A conservative amino U20S cells, CHO-K1 cells, various primary mammalian acid Substitution can also include replacing a residue with a chemically derivatized residue, provided that the resulting cells, and the like. An animal model expressing one or more polypeptide retains the binding affinity of the reference conjugates of an arrestin and a marker molecule, for example, polypeptide for tyramine. Examples of TyrR5 can include, for throughout its tissues, within a particular organ or tissue type, example: TyrR5. Such as, Drosophila melanogaster TyrR or the like, can be used. (GENBANKR) accession number (GAN). CAA38565), 0051. The potential for insect control activity can be iden Locusta migratoria TyrR (GAN: Q25321), TyrR5 of other tified by measuring the affinity of the test compositions for the invertebrates, TyrR5 of nematodes, and the like. receptor in the cell lines expressing a TyrR, Or83b, and/or 0055 Exemplary screening methods can include “posi Or43a. The potential for insect control activity can also be tive' screening, where, for example, compositions that binda identified by measuring the change in intracellular cAMP receptor of interest are selected. Exemplary screening meth and/or Ca" in the cell lines expressing TyrR, Or83b, and/or ods can include “negative' screening, where, for example, Or43a following treatment with the test compositions. The compositions that bind a receptor of interest are rejected. An gene sequences of the TyrR, the Or 83b receptor and the Or exemplary method can include: Selecting a composition that 43a receptor have substantial similarity between various binds a TyR. Another exemplary method can include: select insect species. As such, the Drosophila Schneider cell lines ing a composition that binds a TyR and does not bind an expressing these receptors can be used to Screen for compo octopamine receptor. sitions having insect control activity in various insect species. 0056. In some embodiments of the invention, the efficacy of a test composition can be determined by conducting stud 0052. In some embodiments, a method of selecting a com ies with insects. For example, the efficacy of a test composi position for pesticidal use can include the following. A cell tion for repelling an insect can be studied using controlled expressing a TyR is provided and is contacted with test com experiments wherein insects are exposed to the test compo pounds. The receptor binding affinity of the compounds is sition. In some embodiments, the toxicity of a test composi measured. At least one parameter selected from the following tion against an insect can be studied using controlled experi parameters is measured: intracellular cAMP level, and intra ments wherein insects are exposed to the test composition. cellular Ca" level. A first compound for the composition is 0057 Methods of screening compositions for insect con identified, that is capable of altering at least one of the param trol activity are set forth in the following applications, each of eters, and that has a high receptor binding affinity for the TyR; which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference: U.S. and a second compound for the composition is identified, that application Ser. No. 10/832,022, entitled COMPOSITIONS is capable of altering at least one of the parameters, and that AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS; U.S. has a low receptor binding affinity for the TyR. A composition application Ser. No. 11/086,615, entitled COMPOSITIONS is selected that includes the first and second compounds. In AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS Some embodiments, a composition is selected that includes RELATED TO THE OCTOPAMINE RECEPTOR; U.S. the first and second compounds and demonstrates an anti application Ser. No. 1 1/365,426, entitled COMPOSITIONS parasitic effect that exceeds the anti-parasitic effect of any of AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS the compounds when used alone. INVOLVING THE TYRAMINE RECEPTOR; and U.S. 0053. In some embodiments of the invention, the cell used application Ser. No. 1 1/870,385, entitled COMPOSITIONS can be any cell capable of being transfected with and express AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS. a TyR. Examples of cells include, but are not limited to: insect 0058 Compositions for Pest Control cells, such as Drosophila Schneider cells, Drosophila 0059 Embodiments of the invention can include a com Schneider 2 cells (S2 cells), and Spodoptera frugiperda cells position for controlling pests. Embodiments of the invention (e.g., Sf9 or Sf21); or mammalian cells, such as Human that include a composition for controlling pests can include Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293 cells), African green an pest control chemical or product. Embodiments of the monkey kidney fibroblast cells (COS-7 cells), HeLa Cells, invention that include a composition for controlling pests can and Human Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells). include an active agent. 0054 The TyrR can be a full-length TyrR, a functional 0060. In embodiments of the invention that include an fragment of a TyrR, or a functional variant of a TyrR. A active agent, the active agent can be, for example, an agent functional fragment of a TyrR is a TyrR in which amino acid that can have a biological impact on an insect, Such as, for residues are deleted as compared to the reference polypep example, a chemical, a compound, or the like. In embodi tide, i.e., full-length TyrR, but where the remaining amino ments of the invention that include an active agent, the active acid sequence retains the binding affinity of the reference agent can be, for example, one or more plant essential oils, or polypeptide for tyramine. A functional variant of a TyrR is a the like. The plant essential oils, when combined, can have a TyrR with amino acid insertions, amino acid deletions, or synergistic effect. Embodiments can also can include a fixed conservative amino acid substitutions, that retains the binding oil, which is typically a non-volatile, non-scented plant oil. affinity of the reference polypeptide for tyramine. A “conser Additionally, in some embodiments, these compositions can Vative amino acid Substitution' is a substitution of an amino be made up of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) com acid residue with a functionally similar residue. Examples of pounds. conservative Substitutions can include, for example, the Sub 0061. In embodiments of the invention that include at least stitution of one non-polar (hydrophobic) residue such as iso one pest control chemical, the at least one pest control chemi leucine, Valine, leucine or methionine for another, the Substi cal can be selected from, for example, the pest control chemi tution of one polar (hydrophilic) residue for another such as cals set forth in Table 1, or the like. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 6

TABLE 1. TABLE 1-continued

PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS

CAS CAS Pest Control Chemical Registry Number Pest Control Chemical Registry Number ABAMECTIN 71751-41-2 DICLORAN ACEPHATE 30S60-19-1 DIFENOCONAZOLE ACETAMIPRID 135410-20-7 DIETHOFENCARB ACETOCHLOR 34256-82-1 DIFLUBENZURON 3.5367-38-5 ACEQUINOCYL S7960-19-7 DIFLUMETORIM ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL DIFENOCONAZOLE ALACHLOR 15972-60-8 DIMETHIRIMOL ALDICARB 116-06-3 DIMETHOATE 60-51-5 ALDIMORPH DIMETHOMORPH ALLETHRIN S84-79-2 DIMOXYSTROBIN AMISULBROM DINCONAZOLE AMITRAZ 33O89-61-1 DINOCAP ANILAZINE DISULFOTON 298-04-4 AZACONAZOLE DITHIANON AZOXYSTROBIN DODEMORPH BIFENTHRIN 826S7-04-3 DODINE BENALAXYL EDFINPHOS BENDIOCARB 22781-23-3 ENDOSULEAN 115-29-7 BENTHIAVALICARB ENESTROBIN BENODANIL EPOXICONAZOLE BENOMYL ESFENVALERATE 66230-04-4 BIFENTHRIN 826S7-04-3 ETHABOXAM BINAPACRYL ETHIRIMOL BIORESMETHRIN 28434-01-7 ETRIDIAZOLE BIPHENYL FAMOXADONE BITERTANOL FENBUCONAZOLE BLASTICIDIN-S FENFURAM BOSCALID FENITROTHION 122-14-5 BROMUCONAZOLE FENOXYCARB 72490-01-8 BUPIRIMATE ENPROPATHRIN 39515-41-8 CAPTAFOL FENAMIDONE CAPTAN FENARIMOL CARBENDAZIM 1563-66-2 FENHEXAMID CARBOFURAN FENOXANIL CARBARYL 63-25-2 FENPICLONIL CARBENDAZIM FENPROPIDIN CARBOXIN FENPROPIMORPH. CARPROPAMID FENTINACETATE CHLORDIMEFORM 61.64-98-3 FENTINCHLORIDE CHLORFENVINFOS 470-90-6 FENTIN HYDROXIDE CHLORONEB FENVALERATE S1630-58-1 CHLOROTHALONIL 1897-45-6 FERBAM CHLOROXURON 1982-47-4 FERIMZONE CHLORPYRIFOS 2921-88-2 FIPRONIL 12OO68-37-3 CHLOZOLINATE FLUAZINAM CLOTHIANIDIN FLUDIOXONIL COPPER (DIFFERENT SALTS) FLUMORPH COPPERFUNGICIDES FLUSILAZOLE CYAZOFAMID FLUSULFAMIDE CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID, 2,2- 39515-40-7 FLUTRIAFOL DIMETHYL-3-(2-METHYL-1-PROPENYL)-, FLUOPICOLIDE CYANO(3-PHENOXYPHENYL)METHYL FLUOXASTROBIN ESTER FLUQUINCONAZOLE CYFLUFENAMID FLUTOLANIL CYFLUTHRIN 68359-37-5 FOSETYL-AL CYHALOFOPBUTYL 122008-85-9 FOLPET CYHALOTHRINK 91465-08-6 FTHALIDE CYHALOTHRIN (lambda) FUBERIDAZOLE CYMOXANIL FURAMETPYR CYPERMETHRIN S2315-07-8 FURAL.AXYL CYPROCONAZOLE GUAZATINE CYPRODINIL HEXACONAZOLE CYROMAZINE 66215-27-8 HYDRAMETHYLNON 67485-29-4 D-TRANS-ALLETHRIN 280S7-48-9 HYMEXAZOLE DELTAMETHRIN (DECA-) 52918-63-5 MAZALIL DIAFENTHIURON 80060-09-0 MIBENCONAZOLE DIAZINON 333-41-5 MIDACLOPRID 105827-78-9 DICHLOFENTHION 97-17-6 MINOCTADINE DICHLOFLUANID NDOXACARB DICLOCYMET ODOCARB DICLOMEZINE PCONAZOLE US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

TABLE 1-continued TABLE 1-continued

PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS

CAS CAS Pest Control Chemical Registry Number Pest Control Chemical Registry Number IPROBENFOS (IBP) PYRIFENOX IPRODINE PYRIMETHANIL ISOPROTHIOLANE PYRIBENCARB ISOTIANIL PYROQUILON KASUGAMYCIN UINTOZENE (PCNB) KRESOXIM-METHYL UINOXYFEN LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN 91465-08-6 ESMETHRIN 10453-86-8 LUFENURON 103OSS-O7-8 LITHIOFAM MALATHION 121-75-S MECONAZOLE MANCOZEB SPINOSAD 131929-60-7 MANDIPROPAMID SPIROXAMINE MANEB STREPTOMYCIN MEPANIPYRIM SULPHUR MEPRONIL TEBUCONAZOLE METALAXYL BUFENOZIDE 11241O-23-8 METALAXYL-M (=MEFENOXAM) CLOFTHALAM (BACTERICIDE) METCONAZOLE CNAZENE (TCNB) METHIDATHION 950-37-8 UTHRIN 79538-32-2 METHAMIDAPHOS (O.S.- 10265-92-6 INAFINE Dimethylphosphoramidothiolate) METHASULFOCARB BENDAZOLE METHOMYL 16752-77-5 NIL METHYL PARATHION 298-00-0 LUZAMIDE METIRAM CYCLAM 3.1895-21-3 METOMINOSTROBIN DICARB 59669-26-0 METRAFENONE PHANATE MINERAL OILS, ORGANIC OILS, PHANATE-METHYL POTASSIUM BICARBONATE, MATERIAL OF THIAMETHOXAM 153719-23-4 BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN THIRAM MYCLOBUTANIL TOLCLOFOS-METHYL NAFTIFINE TOLYFLUANID 300-76-5 TRALOMETHRIN 66841-25-6 NUARIMOL TRIADIMEFON OCTHILINONE TRIADIMENOL TRIAZOXIDE TRICYCLAZOLE OXADIXYL TRIDEMORPH 23135-22-0 TRIFLOXYSTROBIN TRIFLUMIZOLE TRIFORINE TRITICONAZOLE OXYDEMETON METHYL 3O1-12-2 LIDAMYCIN OXYTETRACYCLINE LIPEHENAL EFURAZOATE NCLOZOLIN N-DIETHYL-3-METHYLBENZAMIDE 134-62-3 EET) NEB 52645-53-1 2 RAM 26OO2-8O-2 ZOXAMIDE HOPEHOROUSACID AND SALTS HORATE 52645-53-1 HOSMET 298-02-2 0062 Embodiments of the invention can include com COXYSTROBIN PERALIN pounds such as, for example, abamectin, allethrin, citronella OLYOXIN oil, IR3535(R) (3-N-butyl-N-acetyl-aminopropionic acid RALLETHRIN (ETOC) 23O31-36-9 ethyl ester), methyl nonyl ketone, metofluthrin, neem oil, ROBENAZOLE (ALSO ANTIBACTERIAL nepetalactone, oil of lemon eucalyptus, permethrin, picaridin, AND ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY) PROCEHLORAZ p-menthane 3, 8 diol, and the like. PROCYMIDONE 0063 Embodiments of the present invention can include at PROFENOFOS 41198-08-7 least one insect control chemical, and at least one compound PROPAMOCARB of a plant origin, or at least one blend of compounds of a plant PROPICONAZOLE PROPINEB origin. With reference to FIG. 2, compounds of plant origin, PROQUINAZID Such as plant essential oils, can bind certain biogenic amine PROTHIOCARB receptors, resulting in downstream signaling affecting certain PROTHIOCONAZOLE physiological responses. With reference to FIG. 3, insect PYRACLOSTROBIN PYRAZOPHOS control chemicals, such as deltamethrin (DM), can also affect PYRETHRUM 8003-34-7 downstream signaling. As depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, the PYRIBUTICARB compounds or blends of plant origin and the insect control chemicals activate signaling in different manners. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0.064 In embodiments that include an insect control chemical, the insect control chemical can include, for example, any insect control chemical from the classes listed in the following table:

TABLE 2

CLASSIFICATION OF INSECT CONTROL COMPOSITIONS Chemical Subgroup or exemplifying active Group Subgroup Primary target site of action ingredient Active ingredients 1: 1A Acetylcholine esterase Carbamates Aldicarb inhibitors Bendiocarb Carbaryl Carbofuran Methiocarb Methomyl Oxamyl Propoxur Thiodicarb 1B Organophosphates Acephate AZinphos-methyl Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos methyl Coumaphos Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Dimethoate Disulfoton Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenthion Isofenphos Malathion Methamidophos Methidathion Methyl parathion Naled Oxydemeton methyl Phorate Profenofos Propetamphos Temephos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Trichlorfon 2: 2A GABA-gated chloride Cyclodiene Endosulfan channel antagonists organochlorines Lindane Fipronil Fipronil (phenylpyrazoles) Sodium channel modulators Pyrethroids Alethrin d-cis-trans Alethrin d-trans Alethrin

Cypermethrin Zeta-Cypermethrin Cyphenothrin (1R)-trans isomers Deltamethrin Esfenvalerate Fenpropathrin Fenvalerate miprothrin Permethrin Phenothrin (1R)- trans-isomer Praethrin US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

TABLE 2-continued

CLASSIFICATION OF INSECT CONTROL COMPOSITIONS Chemical Subgroup or exemplifying active Group Subgroup Primary target site of action ingredient Active ingredients Resmethrin Tefluthrin Tetramethrin Trailomethrin Pyrethrins Pyrethrins (pyrethrum) Methoxychlor Methoxychlor 4: Nicotinic acetylcholine Neonicotinoids Acetamiprid receptor agonistSantagonists Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam Nicotine Nicotine Chloride channel activators Avermectins, Abamectin Milbemycins 7: Juvenile hormone mimics Juvenile hormone Hydroprene analogues Kinoprene Methoprene Fenoxycarb Fenoxycarb Compounds of unknown or Methyl bromide Methyl bromide non-specific mode of action and other alkyl (fumigants) halides Chloropicrin Chloropicrin Sulfuryl fluoride Sulfuryl fluoride Compounds of unknown or Cryolite Cryolite non-specific mode of action (selective feeding blockers) Compounds of unknown or Clofentezine Clofentezine non-specific mode of action Hexythiazox Hexythiazox (mite growth inhibitors) Etoxazole Etoxazole 1: Microbial disruptors of insect B. t. war. israelensis B. t. war. israelinsis midgut membranes (includes B. t. war. aizawai B. t. war. aizawai transgenic crops expressing B. t. war. kunstaki B. t. war. kurSiaki B. i. toxins) 2: 12B Inhibitors of oxidative Organotin miticides Fentutatin oxide phosphorylation, disruptors of ATP formation (inhibitors of 12C ATP synthase) Propargite Propargite Inhibitors of chitin Benzoylureas Diflubenzuron biosynthesis, type O, Hexaflumuron Leptodopteran Novaluron Moulting disruptor, Dipteran Cyromazine Cyromazine 18A Ecclysone agonistS moulting Diacylhydrazines Halofenozide disruptors Methoxyfenozide Tebufenozide 18B Azadirachtin Azadirachtin Octopaminergic agonists Amitraz Amitraz 20:8 Mitochondrial complex III Hydramethylnon Hydramethylnon electron transport inhibitors (Coupling site II) 21 Mitochondrial complex I METI acaricides, Rotenone electron transport inhibitors Rotenone 22 Voltage-dependent sodium indoxacarb indoxacarb channel blockers 24: 24A Mitochondrial complex IV Aluminum phosphide Aluminum electron transport inhibitors phosphide 24C Phosphine Phosphine 25 Neuronal inhibitors (unknown Bifenazate Bilfenazate mode of action) 27: 27A Synergists P450 monooxygenase Piperonyl butoxide inhibitors UNC Compounds with unknown Dicofol Dicofol UND mode of action** Pyridalyl Pyridalyl NS NSA Miscellaneous non-specific Borax Borax (multi-site) inhibitors US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 10

0065. In some embodiments of the invention, the insect 0070. In embodiments of the invention that include at least control chemical can include at least one of for example, an one organochlorine compound, the organochlorine com organophosphate compound, a carbamate compound, a car pound can be, for example, endosulfan, dicofil, or the like. (0071. In embodiments of the invention that include at least bazate compound, a neonicotinoid compound, an orga one organotin compound, the organotin compound can be, for nochlorine compound, an organotin compound, an oxadiaz example, hexakis, or the like. ine compound, a pyridaZinone compound, a pyrethroid, a 0072. In embodiments of the invention that include at least tetrazine compound, or the like. one oxadiazine compound, the oxadiazine compound can be, 0.066. In embodiments of the invention that include at least for example, indoxacarb, or the like. one organophosphate compound, the organophosphate com 0073. In embodiments of the invention that include at least pound can be, for example, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, one pyridaZinone compound, the pyridazinone compound diazinon, dimethoate, methidathion, phosmet, or the like. can be, for example, pyridaben, or the like. 0074. In embodiments of the invention that include at least 0067. In embodiments of the invention that include at least one pyrethroid, the pyrethroid can be, for example, esfenval one carbamate compound, the carbamate compound can be, erate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, or the like. for example, methomyl, oxamyl, carbaryl, formetanate, hex 0075. In embodiments of the invention that include at least ythiazox, or the like. one tetrazine compound, the tetrazine compound can be, for 0068. In embodiments of the invention that include at least example, clofentezine, or the like. one carbazate compound, the carbazate compound can be, for 0076 Embodiments of the invention can include at least example, bifenazate, or the like. one insect control product; and at least one compound of a 0069. In embodiments of the invention that include at least plant origin, or at least one blend of compounds of a plant one neonicotinoid compound, the neonicotinoid compound origin. The at least one insect control product can be selected can be acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thi from, for example, the insect control products set forth in omethoxam, or the like. Table 4, or the like.

TABLE 3

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

ARCHER SOWP NICLOSAMIDE 2,4-D AMINE 6 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND LBS, USG 2,4-D AMINE 3.34 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND LBS, USG 2,4-D AMINE EC 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D GRANULES 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND 2,4-D GRANULES 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND S Star GENERAL ISOPROTHIOLANE ABATE SOOE TEBUFENOZIDE ABATE SG TEMEPHOS Access 2,4-d ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND ACETAM7S SP ACEPHATE ORGANOPHOSPHATE ACROBAT SOWP DIMETHOMORPH ACROBATMZ DIMETHOMORPH MANCOZEB ACTARA 25 WG THIABENDAZOLE - O PHENOL ACTELLIC 2SEC PIPEROPHOS+ 2,4-D BE ACTIVO 22 SC ANILOFOS - ETHOYSULFRON ADER SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ADMIRE, SWP MAZAQUIN ADVANCEEC BUTACHLOR- MISCELLANEOUS PROPANIL ADVANTAGES G CARBOFURAN CARBAMATE ADVANTAGES G CARBOFURAN CARBAMATE AFALON SOWP LINDANE AGRIMEK1.8EC AVERMECTIN CHLORIDE CHANNELACTIVATOR AGRICOTEMZ 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE AGRISOLA-15OK POLYOXYETHYLENE DODECYLETEHER AGRISOLA-15OK POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITANFATTY ACIDS AGRO CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPERMETHRINSEC US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 11

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

AGROPOINT CARTAP CARTAP SOSP HYDROCHLORIDE AGROZEB 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE AL-1OOTS SETHOXYDIM ALAKDAN 300 BPMC CHLOPYRIFOS ALIETTE 8OWP FOSETHYL-AL ALIETTE 800 WG FOSETHYL-AL ALMIX 20 WP METRIBUZIN AMBUSH SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID AMDRO ANT BAIT HEXYTHIAZOX AMETREX 80 WP AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS AMETREX 80 WP AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS AMETRYNE 80 WP AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS AMISTAR2S SC AZOXYSTROBIN AMMO SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID AMWAYAPSA 80 ALKYLARYL ALKOXYLATE-TALL OIL FATTY AC ANCOM BUTACHLOR BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS 60 EC ANCOM CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPERMETHRINSEC ANTRACOL 70 WG PROPICONAZOLE ANTRACOL 70 WP PROPINEB ANVILS SC HALOXYFOP-R- METHYLESTER PACHE 10 G CADUSAFOS PACHE 1 OO ME CADUSAFOS PACHE 1 OO ME CADUSAFOS PPLAUD 10 WP BUPROFESIN PRON 3.5 SD MCPA QUADIN 25 EC NICLOSAMIDE QUADIN 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE RGOLD 10 EC CINMETHYLIN RGOLD PLUS CYNMETHYLIN + 2,4-D PYRETHROID IBE RIES SUPER CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ETHRINSEC RMOR THIOPHANATE METHYL RMURE 300 EC DIFECONAZOLE PROPICONAZOLE RNIS 2.5 EC LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID RRIVO SEC CYP E RMETHRIN PYRETHROID RROW SEC CYP RMETHRIN PYRETHROID ASCEND SOSC FIPRO NIL ASSET 48 SL GLY PH OSATE MONOETHALONAMINE SALT ASSURE IIEC PYRIMETHANIL ATABRON SE CHLORFLUAZURON ATRAMET COMBI 80 AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS WP ATRAZINE ATRAZINE 80 WP ATRAZINE MISCELLANEOUS ATTACKSR CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ATTAINM-8O MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE AVANTECEC B UT ACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS PROPANIL ERMECTIN CHLORIDE CHANNELACTIVATOR PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID BALEAR SOOSC LOROTHALONIL CHLORONITRILE BANKIT OXYSTROBIN BANKO 72OSC LOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS BANKO 72OSC LOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS BANKO 7SWP LOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS BANNER 60 EC TACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS BANOLE OIL PARAFFINOIL BANOLE OIL 60 PARAFFINIC MINERAL L BASACRAN 48EC ENTAZONE BASAMID G AZOMET PYRETHROID BASTA 1 SSL BBERRELICACID US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 12

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

BASUDIN 40 WP DIAZINON ORGANOPHOSPHATE BASUDIN4OOEC DIAZINON ORGANOPHOSPHATE BASUDIN 600 EC DIAZINON ORGANOPHOSPHATE BAVISTINSO DF CARBARYL CARBAMATE BAYCOR3OOEC BITERTANOL BAYLETON 25 WP THIOPHANATE METHYL BAYLUSCIDE 250 EC NICLOSAMIDE BAYLUSCIDE 50 WP NICLOSAMIDE ETHANOLAMINE SALT BAYLUSCIDE 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE ETHANOLAMINE SALT BAYONET 6% METALDEHYDE PELLETS BAY THROID 0125 EC CYFLUTHRIN Pyrethroid BAY THROID OSOEC CYFLUTHRIN Pyrethroid BAZZOKA HLORPYFIROS Organophosphate + Carbamate PMC BELEREXTABLET BBERRELICACID BELORAN 400 SL ENZOXONIUM HLORIDE ENLATESOWPOD ENOMYL ENSUL 10 WP ENSULFURON ETHYL ERDUGO SOWP CLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE SALT ERELEXTABLET ENERICNAME DA2SEC AMBACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID FLEX 1 OTC FENTHRIN FLEX 1 OTC FENTHRIN FLEX 2.5 TC FENTHRIN FLEXTC FENTHRIN OACT WG PACLOBUTRAZOL ODAN3 G CARBUFORAN CARBAMATE OZEB MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE OZEB 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE LADE 60 EC UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS LINK 27 SEC HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE YPERMETHRIN BLOCKADE 480 SL ENTAZONE BLUE COP 770 WP COPPERHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS BOLT 50 SP CARTAP CARBAMATE BOOST SOOSC ACIBENZOLAR-S- METHYL BOXER SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID BRAVO 720 FLO CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS BREAK-THRU POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID BRODAN 31.5 EC CHLORPYFIROS Organophosphate + Carbamate BPMC BROMO GAS METHOMYL RONCHO GLYPHOSATE AMMONIUMSALT UGBUSTER SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ULLDOZER SOWP NICLOSAMIDE ULLET 5 EC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ULLSEYE CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID NSECTICIDE BUMPER 25 EC PROPICONAZOLE BURNDOWN 16OAS GLYPHOSATEDI AMMONIUMSALT RNDOWN 16OAS GLYPHOSATE IPA SHWHACK SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID TACHLOR 600 EC BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS TATAF 60 E. BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS A. LIBER 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE CALIBER 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE CALIXIN 7SEC TRICLOPYR CAPTAN SOWP CAPTAN MISCELLANEOUS CAPTAN SOWP CAPTAN MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURE SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CARANCHO 2. SEC ETHOFENPROX US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 13

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

CARBARYL 8SS CARBARYL CARBAMATE CARVIL SOEC BPMC CARBAMATE CASCADE 1 OWDC FLUFENOXURON CELCURE A(P)WOOD COPPER, CHROME, ARSENIC PRESERVE (CCA) CHAKU 2. SEC LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN CHAMPDP COPPERHYDROXIDE COPPER CHAMPIONWP CUPRICHYDROXIDE COPPER CHESS 25 WP PROPINEB CHESS SOWG PYMETROZINE CHDX 2. SEC BETACYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CHLORMITE TC CHLOROPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE CHOPPER 85 S CARBARYL CARBAMATE CITRUS LUSTER 213 THIABENDAZOLE CIVIL 75 WP CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS CLEANFIELDEC BUTACHLOR - PROPANIL MISCELLANEOUS CLEAR OUT 41 GLYPHOSPATE IPA CLEAR OUT 41 PLUS GLYPHOSPHATE IPA CLINCHER1OOEC CYHALOFOPBUTYL COBRA 20 EC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE COMBATSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID COMMAND 3 ME CLOMAZONE COMMAND 3 ME CLOMAZONE COMMAND PLUS 600 CLOMAZONE - EC PROPANIL COMPETE 75 SP ACEPHATE ORGANOPHOSPHATE COMPRO 600 EC CLOMAZONE - PROPANIL CONFIDOR1OOSL IMIDACLOPRID CONFIDOR 200 SL IMIDACLOPRID CONTRAZINE 80 WP ATRAZINE MISCELLANEOUS CONTRAZINE 80 WP ATRAZINE MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL 2SOEC NICLOSAMIDE CONTROL 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE ETHANOLAMINE SALT CORSAIR SEC PENDIMETHLIN PYRETHROID CORSAIR SEC PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID COSAVETDF SULFUR COTRINSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID COTRINSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID COUNTER1O G TEMEPHOS COZEB 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE CRUSHER2SOEC NICLOSAMIDE CRUSHER SOWP NICLOSAMIDE ETHANOLAMINE SALT CRUSHER 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE CULTAR2S SC OXYFLUORFEN CUPRAVIT OB 21 COPPER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE CURZATEM MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDE CYBEST SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYCLONE SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYMBUSH 5 EC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPER-5 CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPERMETHRINSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPERTHRINSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPEX 50 EC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPROSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYREN3OOEC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE DACINOL 2787 SOWP CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS DACINOL 27877SWP CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS DACONIL 72OSC CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS DEADBOL NICLOSAMIDE DECIDE 2 SEC DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DECIS 19/o SC DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DECIS 2.5 EC DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DECISM 2.5 EC DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DECIS R DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DECIS TAB DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DEFENSA SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID DEGESCH MAGTOXIN LUFENURON DEGESCH MAGNESSIUM US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 14

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

PLATES STRIPS PHOSPHIDE DEGESH PHOSTOXIN ALUMINUM RODENTICIDE PHOSPHIDE DELMARK2 SEC ELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID DETIA GAS EX-B LUMINUM RODENTICIDE PHOSPHIDE DETIA GAS EX-T LUMINUM RODENTICIDE PHOSPHIDE DETIAPHOSPHINE LUMINUM RODENTICIDE PELLETS HOSPHIDE DIACARB SOEC PMC CARBAMATE AFURAN 10 G BOFURAN CARBAMATE AFURAN3 G BOFURAN CARBAMATE AFURANSG BOFURAN CARBAMATE AGRANSG NON ORGANOPHOSPHATE AGRANSG NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZINON 40 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZINON 60 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZINON 60 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZINON 60 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZINON 600 EC NON ORGANOPHOSPHATE AZOL 40 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZOL 40 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZOL 60 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE AZOL 60 EC NON ORGANOP HOSPHATE CARE 37.5 WG A.F ENTHURON ORGANOP HOSPHATE FENOXYCAB CARZOL 20 SP FORMETHANATEHCL MOSOSP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE D PEL WP BACILLUS PLANT ORIGIN THURINGIENSIS PTEREX 95 SP TRIBUTYLPOLYGLYCO ETHER D R EK 800 BUTACHLOR SAFENER THANE F-448 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANE F-448 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANEM-45 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANEM-45 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANEM-45 WP MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANEOS 600 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE THANEOS-600 MANCOZE THIOCARBAMATE UREX 80 WP DIURON REA UREX 80 WP DIURON REA URON 80 WP DIURON REA URON 80 WP DIURON REA URON 80 WP DIURON REA MA 3.34 LBS, USG 2,4-D AMINE HLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND RAGO 60 WP FLUFENACET REXELDIURON 80 DIURON REA

REXELMALATHION MALATHION RGANOPHOSPHATE 7 EC REXEL SULFA 80 W SULFUR URSBAN CHLORPYRIFOS O RGANOPHOSPHATE YNAMEC AVERMECTIN C HLORIDE CHANNELACTIVATOR E ASY SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID LTRA 20OSC CARBOFURAN CARBAMATE UATION PRO S2.5 CYMOXANIL FAMOXADONE s RASER 70 EC BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS PROPANIL

EL 10 SL ETHEPHON ELPGR4.8% ETHEPHON FOLAN SOWP ISAZOFOS EXPERT 20 EC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE EXTREME SOSP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE FASTAC 15 WDG ALPHACYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID FASTAC 2SOSC ALPHACYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 15

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

FASTACR LPHACYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID - CARBAMATE PMC FENOMD 225 EC AZINON-- Organophosphate + Pyrethroid YPERMETHRIN FLASH SEC YPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID FLIP 500 WP CLOSAMIDE FLIP 700 WP CLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE SALT FOLICUR2SOEC FOLICUR 430 SC EBUCONAZOLE FORWARD 700 EC UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS ROPANIL ROWNCIDE SOSC AZINAM RUITONE CPA HLOROPHENOXY ROPIONIC ACID UJI-ONE 40 EC I S OPROCARB UMITOXIN LUMINUM RODENTICIDE SPHIDE UNGAFLORSOL YDRAMETHYLNON UNGAFLOR 7SSP IMAZALIL UNGITOX 70 WP THIOPHANATE METHYL UNGURAN-OH COPPERHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS URADAN 10G. CARBARYL CARBAMATE URADAN3 G CARBENDAZIM CARBAMATE URADAN. 3G CARBOFURAN CARBAMATE URADANSG CARBARYL CARBAMATE URADANSG CARBOFURAN CARBAMATE URUDAN 10 G CARBOSULFAN CARBAMATE URUDAN3 G CARBOSULFAN CARBAMATE URUDANS G CARBUFORAN CARBAMATE GALLANTSUPER HALOSULFURON METHYL GARLON 4 TRICHLOROFON GAROTEEC CHLORPYRIFOS - BPMC Organophosphate + Carbamate GAS 2SOEC NICLOSAMIDE GAUCHO 70 WS IMIDACLOPRID EM 2,4-D AMINE 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND EM 2.4-D ESTER 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND EMATRAZINE ATRAZINE MISCELLANEOUS EMMALATEHION S7 MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE

EMTRAK SOSP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE ESAPAX SOOFW AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS ESAPAX 80 WP AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS ESAPAX COMBI 80 AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS P ATRAZINE ESAPRIM 80 WP ATRAZINE MISCELLANEOUS LADIATOR75 WDG CHLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LYPHOMAX GLYPHOSATE IPA O L 24 EC OXADIAZON A L 24 EC OXYFLOURFEN RAMOXONE 20 AS PARAFINIC MINERAL L RASSEDGE HIOBENCARB RASSEDGE 800 EC HIOBENCARB + 2,4-D UARDIAN SEC YPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID A. L ACILLUS PLANT ORIGIN HURINGIENSIS EDONAL LIQ. SL 2 4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND E. BADOX 33 EC PENDIMETHALIN ERBIMAX RIMIPHOSMETHYL ERCULES 20 EC RIADIMEFON -CONFILF 75 WP HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS DROCOB 77 WP OPPERHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS NOSAN3OOEC DIFENPHOS Organophosphate NOSAN SOEC DIFENPHOS Organophosphate -PER SEC YPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID T 250 EC CLOSAMIDE T WP CLOSAMIDE US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 16

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

HOESTICK TRIAZOPHOS HOPCIDE. SOEC BPMC CARBAMATE HOPCIN SOEC BPMC CARBAMATE HOPKILL SOEC BPMC CARBAMATE HOSTATEHION 20 EC TRIAZOPHOS HYDROX 77 WP COPPERHYDROXIDE COPPER HYDROXIDE SUPER COPERHYDROXIDE COPPER 77 WP HYDROXIDE SUPER COPPERHYDROXIDE COPPER 77 WP HYTOX 50 WP MICP HYWARX BROMACIL WEEDKILLER MAGE 1.5 LC MAZALIL MPACT 2. SEC DELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID NDAR 2F FENBUCONAZOLE ORGANOPHOSPHATE NDAR 2F FENBUCONAZOLE ORGANOPHOSPHATE NSECT PRO SOSP CARTAP HYDOCLORIDE NSECT PRO SOSP CARTAP HYDOCLORIDE NSTAR CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE NVEST 10 WP CYCLOSULFAMURON VADIURON 80 WP DIURON MISCELLANEOUS VAPYRITILINE 20 PE CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE MB WAZEB 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE KARATE 2.5 EC LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID KARATE W ZEON LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID TECHNOLOGY KARET 40 MANEB W, ZINC KARMEX DIURON MISCELLANEOUS WEEDKILLER KHOLUSCIDE 70 WP CLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE SALT CK2SEC CLOSAMIDE CK70 WP S. CLOSAMIDE LLER SEC PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID LPES3 EC NVALERATE PYRETHROID NG SEC PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID TALATRAZINE RAZINE MISCELLANEOUS TAL MANCOZEB NCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE TAL STRYKER SEC ERMETHRIN PYRETHROID LEENUP 480 AS LYPHOSATE IPA LENUP 48OAS LYPHOSATE IPA LERAT WITH RODIFACOUM COUMARIN TRE LIK 700 EC ACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS OPANIL KNOCKOUT SEC ERMETHRIN PYRETHROID KOCIDE 101 RICHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS KOCIDEDF RICHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS KOCIDEDF 2000 PERHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS KOP-HYDROXIDE SO PERHYDROXIDE MISCELLANEOUS WP KOTETSU 10 SC C HLORPHENAPYR ORGANOPHOSPHATE KRISSEC L AMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID KUH2AK2SEC CLOSAMIDE KUH2AK7O WP CLOSAMIDE KUMULUSDF LEMENTAL SULFUR LANNATE 4.0 SP METHIOCARB LARVIN3SOFS THIOBENCARB + 2,4-D IBE LATRON B-1956 PHENTHOATE-BPMC LEAD CORP. 2,4-D 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND AMINE LEADCORP CARTAP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE LEADCORP MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE MALATHION S7 EC US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 17

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

LEADMARK3 EC FENVALERATE PYRETHROID LEADONILSOOSC CHLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS LEADREXTC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LEADTHREL 480 SL ETHEPON LEBAYCID SOEC FENTHION LECSPRO 44WP FENTRAZAMIDE - PYRETHROID PROPANIL LENTREKTC HLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LENTREKTC HLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LINDAFOR 7SF AMBDACYHALOTHRIN ORGANOCHLORINE LONDAXWP ENSULFURON ETHYL LORSBAN 3E HLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LORSBAN 40 EC HLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE LUTENSOLA8 LKYL POLYETHELENE LYSOL ETHER LUV 2,4-D ESTER 4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND LUWMALATHION S7 ALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE EC MACHETES G UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS MACHETEEC UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS MACHETE EXPRESS UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS MACHO UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS MAGIK S90 EC YPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID MAGNUMSEC YPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID MAITHREL 10 PGR. ETHEPON MAITHREL 48 PGR. ETHEPON MALATHION S7 E MAGNESSIUM ORGANOPHOSPHATE PREMIUM PHOSPHIDE MALATHION S7 EC MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE MALATHION S7 EC MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE MANAGER 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE MANZATE 200 MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDE MANZATE 7SDF MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE MANZEB 80 WP MIPC MARSBYL 85 WP CARBARYL CARBAMATE MARVEL SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID MASO 70 WP NIC LOSAMIDE MASTER2SEC LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID MASTRADIURON 80 DIURON MISCELLANEOUS C ATADOR 60 SC METAMIDOPHOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE ATCHOSOEC LINURON UREA ATON SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID EBROM METHYL BROMIDE - CHLOROPICRIN EGARIFOS 20 EC CHILO RPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE EGATHRINSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROIDE ELODY DUO IPRODIONE ESUROL SOWP METHAMIDOPHOS ETA BAIT METALDEHYDE ETA BAIT 6% METALAXYL-m- ELLETS MANCOZEB ETABROM METHYL BROMIDE - CHLOROPICRIN CROTHIOLDF SPINOSAD MIC 20 F TEBUCONAZOLE MIC 20 F TEBUFENOZIDE NER SOSP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE PCIN SOWP METSULFURON METHYL CHLORIMURON ETH MIRACLE AMINE 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND MIRAL 3 G IPROVALICARB PROPINEB MOCAP 10 G ETHOPROP MODEL SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID MOLUXIDE 2SOEC NIC LOSAMIDE MOSPHILAN3 EC ACETAMIPRID US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 18

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification NABU-S QUIZALOFOP-P-ETHYL NEMACUR1O G PERMETHRIN - Zn NEMACUR400 EC PHENAMIPHOS NEMATHORIN 1.0 G. FOZTEHIAZATE NET 50 WP NICLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE SALT NICLOSM NICLOSAMIDE NISSORUN SEC EXAFLUMURON NOBLITE 60 WG ENAMIDONE - MANCOZEB NOMINEE 100 SC SPYRIBAC SODIUM NOMINEE 100 SC SPYRIBAC SODIUM NORDOX 50 WP OPPEROXIDE COPPER NURELLED HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE YPERMETHRIN NUVACRON 300 SCW in ZETHYLENE BISDITHIOCARBAMATE NYDREL 100 ETHEPHON NYDREL 480 ETHEPHON OCHO SWP CARBARYL CARBAMATE OMEGA 45 EC PRETILACHLOR FENCLORIM ONECIDE 15 EC FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL ORTHENEACETAM ACEPHATE ORGANOPHOSPHATE 75 SP ORTHENE 75 SP ACEPHAT E ORGANOPHOSPHATE OXYCHLOR 85 WP COPPER OXYCHLORIDE PADAN SOSP CAPTAN CARBAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE PADAN SOSP CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE PARAFUNGUS 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE PARAKUHOL 2SOEC CLOSAMIDE PARAPESTD 400 EC S AZINON ORGANOPHOSPHATE PARAULOD 3OOEC LORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE PARTNER 40 DF RFENTRAZONE sTHYL PARTNER 40 DF A. RFENTRAZONE THYL PASSPORT SOOSC HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS PENNANT HENAMIPHOS PERFEK 31.5 EC HLORPYRIFOS Organophosphate + Carbamate PMC PERFEKTHION 40 EC METHOATE PERMIT 10 WP LYSOPHATE IPA PESTMASTER PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID PILARICH, SOO G, LFP HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS PILARZEB 80 WP ANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE PIPSET 35 WP NOSULFURCN PEROPHOS PISTOL SOWP CLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE PISTOL SOWP CLOSAMIDE THANOLAMINE SALT PLANTERS ALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE MALATHION S7 EC POLIDO 2. SEC E THOFENPROX PORSANAIL ETALDEHYDE POSSE2OOSC C ARBOSULFAN CARBAMATE POWER LYPHOSATE IPA POWER SUPRATECH LYPHOSATEDI :MMONIUMSALT PREDATOREC HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE PREDATOR PLUS HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE YPERMETHRIN PREKILL 330 PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE PREMISE 20OSC IMIDACLOPRID PREMIUMSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID PREVENT 77 WP COPPERHYDROXIDE COPPER PREVICUR-N PROFENOFOS PROCIN 25 WP BUFROFESIN US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 19

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

PROCURE SOWP BENOMYL PROPLANT PROPAMOCARB PROVADO SUPRA OSO IMIDACLOPRID EC PROVIN 85 WP CARBARYL CARBAMATE PUNISH 5.5 EC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID PYRITILENE 20 PE CHLOPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE MB PYTOX 10 EC PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID QUICKPHOS (ROUND ALUMINUM RODENTICIDE TAB) PHOSPHIDE RACUMINDUST COUMATETRALYL RADISSON MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE MANCOZEB 80 WP RADOR 262. SEC CHLORPYFIROS Organophosphate + Pyrethroid BETACYFLUTHRIN RAFT 800 WG NICLOSAMIDE ETHANOLAMINE SALT RAPIDO SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID RATKILZINC WARFARIN PHOSPHIDE80% BAIT RATOXINP TRISILOXANE ALKOXYLATE--ALLYL ETHOXYLA RECRUIT II HEXACONAZOLE REDEEM 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE RED-OUT 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE REGENT 0.3 GR FIPRONIL REV 800 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE RICESTAREC FENOXAPROPP-ETHYL RIDOMIL GOLD MZ 68 METALAXYL WP MANCOZEB RIDOMIL MZS8 WP METALAXYL RILOF SOOEC PICLORAM + 2,4-D RIPCORD 2SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID ROBODAX 2SEC NICLOSAMIDE ROGUEEC BUTACHLOR+ 2,4-D RONSTAR2SEC OXADIARGYL RONSTAR 2G OXADIAZON ROUND-UP BIOSORB GLYPHOSATE SOPROPYLAMINE SALT ROUNDUPEW GLYPHOSATE IPA ROUND-UP MAX GLUFOSINATE A.MMONIUM ROVER C HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS ROVRAL SOWP INDOXACARB ROVRAL AQUAFLO IPRODIONE SOSC ROYAL CARTAP CARTAP CARBAMATE ROYANIL 75 WP LOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS SABEDONG SEC y C E RMETHRIN PYRETHROID SAMURAI 6OEC ACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS SANAFURAN3 G OSULEAN CARBAMATE SANAZOLE 2SOEC OPICONAZOLE SAPROLEC FLUMIZOLE SATURN 60 EC AMETOXAM SATURND OBENCARB + 2,4-D SATURNS OBENCARB THIOCARBAMATE SAVIOR 80 WP NCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE SCOPE 70 WP OPHANATE THYL SCORE 2SOEC ENOCONAZOLE SELECRON SOOEC ROCHLORAZ MN SELECT 120 EC LETHODIM SELECT 120 EC LETHODIM SENCOR 70 WP ETHYL BROMIDE - HLOROPICRIN SENTINEL 75 WP HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS SERVWEL 2,4-D 2,4-D AMINE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND AMINE US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 20

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

SERVWEL MALATHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE MALATHION S7 EC SERVWEL MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE MANCOZEB 80 WP SERVWELTKO SOEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SERVWEL2,4-D 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND GRANULES SEVIN SOWP CARBUFORAN CARBAMATE SEVIN 85 WP CARBUFORAN CARBAMATE SHERPA SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SHIELD HLOROTHALONIL MISCELLANEOUS SHOTGUNM ANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE SICO 2SOEC FENOCONAZOLE SIGA 300 EC HLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHATE SIGANEX 600 SC YMETROZINE SIGMA LYPHOSPHATE IPA SILWET 4.08 RISILOXANE LKOXYLATE--ALLYL ETHOXYLA SILWET 4.08 FORINE SLASH LYPHOSATE IPA SMART 480 LYPHOSATE IPA SMART 480 LYPHOSATE IPA SMASH SEC PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SNAIL CHAMP 2SEC CLOSAMIDE SNAIL OUT SOWP CLOSAMIDE SNAILKIL 6% P METALDEHYDE SNIPER SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SOFIT 300 EC POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITANTFATTY ACIDS SOLIGNUMBROWN PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SOLIGNUM PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID COLORLESS SOLNET SOOEC PRETILACHLOR SONIC 60 EC BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS SPECTRA SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SPEED 25 EC MONOCROTOPHOS SPEED SOWP NICLOSAMIDE SPEEDEX POLYETHERPOLYMETHYLSILOXANE COPOLYME STAM LV-10 PROPAMOCARB HCL STAR SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID STEADFASTTC ALPHACYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID STEWARD WDG MIDACLOPRID CYFLUTHRIN STIMUKIL FLY BAIT METHOMYL STINGRAY S.625 DELTAMETHRIN, BUPROFEZIN STIX 480 EC CARBUFORAN CARBAMATE STOP 6% PELLETS METALDEHYDE STORMWAXW. FLOCOUMAFEN BITREX SUCCESS SORBITAN NATURALYTE 25 SC MONOOLATE(SB), POLY OXYETHYL UMI-ALPHA2. SEC ESFENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMI-ALPHA2. SEC ESFENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMI-ALPHA2. SEC ESFENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMICIDIN FENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMICIDIN3 EC FENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMICIDIN3 EC FENVALERATE PYRETHROID UMI-EIGHT DINCONAZOLE UMITHION4O WDP FENITROTHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE UMITHION SOEC FENITROTHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE UMITHION SOEC FENITHROTHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE UMITHION SOEC FENITROTHION ORGANOPHOSPHATE UNRICE 15 WDG ETHOXYSULFURON UNSPRAY 8N PAECILOMYCES LILACINUS STRAIN 251 SUPER BLUE 85 WP COPPER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 21

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

SUPREME SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID SUPREMOEC BPMC CHLORPYFIROS SURE 2SOEC NICLOSAMID SUREKILL 70 WP NICLOSAMID SURFACTANTA-100 POLYETHER POLYMETHYLSILOXANE COPOLYM SURFACTANTA-100 POLYOXYETHYLENE DODECYLETHER SURFIX BETAPINENE OLYMER SWEEP HIOPHANAT E ETHYL SWIPE 25 EC CLOSAMID SWIPESOWP CLOSAMID TAMARON 600 SL ETALDEHYDE TAMEX 360 EC UTRALIN TARGET 2.5 EC CLOSAMID TARGET 25 EC CLOSAMID TECTO 45 FW ETRAMETHYLTHIURAM SULPHIDE TEGAO75 EC RIDEMORPH TELONE II CHCHLOROPROPENE TERMEX 48EC HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE TERMIDOR2SEC PRONIL

RMINATOR2SEC AMBDACYHALOTHRIN PYRETHROID TERMITE-X HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE TERRAGUARD 48EC HLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE THESIS 2. SEC ELTAMETHRIN PYRETHROID THIRAM 80 WG ETRAMETHYLTHIURAM SULPHIDE THYLATE 8OWG ERBUFOS TIGER2S SC CLOSAMIDE TILT 250 EC ROPANIL TIMBER GUARD ERMETHRIN - Zn CLEAR TIMBER GUARD PERMETHRIN PYRETHROID MEDIUMBROWN TOP 70 WP OPHANATE THYL TOPNOTCH ODICARB TOPSIN-M 70 WP OPHANATE

TOPSTAR 60 EC XADIARGYL TORDON 101 HTHALIC GLYCEROL MIXTURE LKYL TORNADO 6OEC UTACHLOR PROPANIL MISCELLANEOUS TORNADO 6OEC UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS ROPANIL TORO UTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS ROPANIL TORPEDO SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID TRAMEX COMBI 80 AMETRYNE MISCELLANEOUS WP ATRAZINE TRANZEB 4SSFC DITEHIOCARBAMATE TRANZEB 80 WP MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE TRAP 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE EBON 10 EC ETHOFENPROX EBON 10 EC ETHOFENPROX EBON 10 EW ETHOFENPROX EFIC 20 WP ETHOFENPROX FMINE 30 WP TRIFLOXYSTROBIN GARD 75 WP CYROMAZINE M50 WP LINURON NEB 80 WP MANCOZEB - CYMOXANIL TRIO SOWP PROCEHLORAZ TRIPLEX 5 OEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID TROJAN31.SEC CHLORPYFIROS - BPMC TWISTER 70 EC BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS PROPANIL US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 22

TABLE 3-continued

INSECT CONTROL PRODUCTS

Brand Name Generic name Classification

TWISTEREC BUTACHLOR - PROPANIL MISCELLANEOUS ULTIMO EC 200 NICLOSAMIDE ULTIMO EC 225 NICLOSAMIDE UPROOT 60 EC BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS VECTRON 10 EW ETHOFENPROX VECTRON2O WP ETHOFENPROX VEGETOX SOSP CARTAP CARBAMATE VERTIMEC AVERMECTIN CHLORIDE CHANNELACTIVATOR VEXTER 300 EC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE VINDEXPLUS PHENTHOATE VISOCOL SOWP NICLOSAMIDE VITAL BLUE 85 WP COPPER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE WITIGRANBLUE S8 COPPER COPPER WP OXYCHLORIDE WITIGRANBLUE S8 COPPER COPPER WP OXYCHLORIDE WONDOZEB 42 SC MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE VONDOZEB 75 DF MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE WONDOZEBL MANEB WONDOZEB PLUS MANCOZEB DITEHIOCARBAMATE WALLOP 70 WP NICLOSAMIDE WARRIOR 31.5 CHLORPYRIFOS- ORGANOPHOSPHATE - CARBAMATE BPMC WAZARY 1 OF FENVALERATE ROID WAZARY 10 FL FENVALERATE ROID WEAPON SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID WEDKILL 2,4-D 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND WEEDER 60 E BUTACHLOR MISCELLANEOUS WEEDTROL 40 EC 2,4-D IBE CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUND WEISERATRAZINE 80 ATRAZINE 3,5-TRIAZINE WP WEISSERATRAZINE ATRAZINE 3,5-TRIAZINE 80 WP WEISSER CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID CYPERMETHRINSEC WHIP-S 120 EW FENOXAPROPP-ETHYL WHIP-S 75 EW FENOXAPROPP-ETHYL WINNER SEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID WIPERSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID WOLMAN CCA-C COPPER, CHROME, ARSENIC (CCA) XENTARIWDG BACILLUS PLANT ORIGIN THURINGIENSIS X-PHOS 20 EC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE X-PHOS 40 EC CHLORPYFIROS ORGANOPHOSPHATE X-RAT 190 P WARFARIN XTRAGRO 10 LS ETHEPHON XTRAGRO 240 PGR ETHEPHON XTRAGRO 480 PGR ETHEPHON ZACARB 85 WP CARBARYL CARBAMATE ZACK SOWP MIPC ZECTRIC 6% PELLETS METALDEHYDE ZEPHYR AVERMECTIN CHLORIDE CHANNELACTIVATOR ZINCPHOSPHIDE 80 ZINCPHOSPHIDE DP ZOOMSEC CYPERMETHRIN PYRETHROID

0.077 Embodiments of the invention can include at least 0080 Embodiments of the invention can include at least one biologically-based insecticide. Such as, for example, one pheromone, such as, for example, Codling moth phero abamectin, proteins and/or spores derived from Bacillus thu mone, Oriental fruit moth pheromone, and the like. riniensis, spinosad, or the like. 0081 Embodiments of the invention can include a herbi cidal chemical or product. In some embodiments, these her 0078 Embodiments of the invention can include at least bicidal chemicals can include, for example, amide herbicides, one insect growth regulator, such as, for example, etoxazol. anilide herbicides, arylalanine herbicides, chloroacetanilide methoxyfenozide, pyriproxy fen, or the like. herbicides, sulfonanilide herbicides, sulfonamide herbicides, 0079 Embodiments of the invention can include at least thioamide herbicides, antibiotic herbicides, aromatic acid one oil, such as, for example, “Superior oil.” highly-refined herbicides, benzoic acid herbicides, pyrimidinyloxybenzoic oils, and the like. acid herbicides, pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides, US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 23 phthalic acid herbicides, picolinic acid herbicides, quinolin ecarboxylic acid herbicides, arsenical herbicides, benzoylcy- TABLE 4-continued clohexanedione herbicides, benzofuranylalkylsulfonate her RTEMISIA bicides, benzothiazole herbicides, carbamate herbicides, LCOHOLACETATE carbanilate herbicides, cyclohexene oxime herbicides, cyclo ENZALDEHYDE propylisoxazole herbicides, dicarboximide herbicides, dini ENZOIC ACID troaniline herbicides, dinitrophenol herbicides, diphenyl ENZYLACETATE ENZYLALCOHOL ether herbicides, nitrophenyl ether herbicides, dithiocarbam ERGAMOTENE ate herbicides, halogenated aliphatic herbicides, imidazoli B-BISABOLENE none herbicides, inorganic herbicides, nitrile herbicides, BISABOLENE OXIDE organophosphorus herbicides, oxadiazolone herbicides, phe A-BISABOLOL BISABOLOLOXIDE noxy herbicides, phenoxyacetic herbicides, phenoxybutyric BISOBOLOLOXIDEB herbicides, phenoxypropionic herbicides, aryloxyphenox BORNYLACETATE ypropionic herbicides, phenylenediamine herbicides, pyra B-BOURBONENE Zole herbicides, benzoylpyrazole herbicides, phenylpyrazole BLACK SEED OIL (BSO) A-CADINOL herbicides, pyridazine herbicides, pyridazinone herbicides, CAMPHENE pyridine herbicides, pyrimidinediamine herbicides, quater A-CAMPHOLENE nary ammonium herbicides, thiocarbamate herbicides, thio A-CAMPHOLENE carbonate herbicides, thiourea herbicides, triazine herbicides, ALDEHYDE CAMPHOR chlorotriazine herbicides, methoxytriazine herbicides, meth CARVACROL ylthiotriazine herbicides, triazinone herbicides, triazole her D-CARVONE bicides, triazolopyrimidine herbicides, uracilherbicides, urea L-CARVONE herbicides, phenylurea herbicides, sulfonylurea herbicides, CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE RANS-CARYOPHYLLENE pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides, triazinylsulfonylurea ASTOR OIL herbicides, thiadiazolylurea herbicides, unclassified herbi EDAROIL cides, and the like. HAMAZULENE 8-CINEOLE 0082 Embodiments of the invention can include a fungi NNAMALDEHYDE cidal chemical or product. In some embodiments, these fun NNAMYLALCOHOL gicidal chemicals can include, for example, aliphatic nitrogen NNAMON OIL fungicides, amide fungicides, acylamino acid fungicides, TRALA anilide fungicides, benzanilide fungicides, furanilide fungi TRAL BISOPROPYL TRATE cides Sulfonanilide fungicides, benzamide fungicides, fura TRONELLAL mide fungicides, phenylsulfamide fungicides, Sulfonamide TRONELLA OIL fungicides, valinamide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, TRONELLOL strobilurin fungicides, aromatic fungicides, benzimidazole TRONELLYLACETATE TRONELLYLFORMATE fungicides, benzimidazole precursor fungicides, benzothiaz LOVE OIL ole fungicides, bridged diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fun -COPAENE gicides, benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicides, carbanilate ORNMINT OIL fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicar ORN OIL -COSTOL boximide fungicides, dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungi RYPTON cides, phthalimide fungicides, dinitrophenol fungicides, UMINOIL dithiocarbamate fungicides, imidazole fungicides, inorganic URZERENONE fungicides, mercury fungicides, morpholine fungicides, CYMENE AVANONE organophosphorus fungicides, organotin fungicides, oxathin ALLYLTETRASULFIDE fungicides, oxazole fungicides, polysulfide fungicides, pyra ETHYL PHTHALATE Zole fungicides, pyridine fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, HYDROPYROCURZERENONE pyrrole fungicides, quinoline fungicides, quinone fungicides, HYDROTAGENTONE ETA-ELEMENE quinoxaline fungicides, thiazole fungicides, thiazolidine fun AMMA-ELEMENE gicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides, tri LMOL azine fungicides, triazole fungicides, urea fungicides, unclas STRAGOLE sified fungicides, and the like. 2 -ETHYL-2-HEXEN-1-OL UGENOL 0083. In embodiments of the invention that include at least UGENOLACETATE one compound or chemical of a plant origin, the at least one -FARNESENE compound or chemical of a plant origin can include, for E)-A-FARNESENE example, any of the compounds or chemicals listed in table 4. -B-FARNESENE or the like: ENCHONE URANODIENE FURANOEUDESMA-1,3-DIENE URANOEUDESMA-1,4-DIENE TABLE 4 URANO GERMACRA 1.10(15)-DIENE-6-ONE URANOSESQUITERPENE COMPOUNDS OF PLANT ORIGIN GARLIC OIL GERANIOL TANETHOLE GERANIOLACETATE ALLYL SULFIDE GERMACRENED ALLYLTRISULFIDE GERMACRENEB ALLYL-DISULFIDE GRAPEFRUIT OIL US 2009/ OO991.35 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 24

TABLE 4-continued TABLE 4-continued

A-GURTUNENE SESAME OIL A-HUMULENE B-SESQUPHELANDRENE A-IONONE SILICONE FLUID B-IONONE SODIUMLAURYL SO BORNEOL SULFATE SO FURANOGERMACRENE SOYBEAN OIL SO-MENTHONE SPATHULENOL SO-PULEGONE TAGETONE AS MONE TANGERINE OIL LECITEHIN A-TERPINENE LEMON OIL TERPINENE900 LEMON GRASS OIL A-TERPINEOL LILAC FLOWEROIL (LFO) A-TERPINOLENE LIME OIL GAMMA-TERPINEOL D-LIMONENE A-TERPINYLACETATE LINALOOL 2-TERT-BUTYL-P-QUINONE LINALYLACETATE A-TEHUJONE LINALYLANTHRANILATE THYME OIL LINDESTRENE THYMOL LINDENOL THYMYLMETHYLETHER LINSEED OIL GAMMA-UNDECALACTONE METHYL-ALLYL-TRISULFIDE WALERICANHYDRIDE MENTHOL WANILLIN MENTHONE TRANS-VERBENOL 2-METHOXYFURANODIENE CIS-VERBENOL MENTHYLACETATE VERBENONE METHYL. CINNAMATE WHITE MINERAL OIL METHYL. CITRATE YOMOGIALCOHOL METHYLDI-HYDROJASMONATE ZINGIBERENE MENTHYL SALICYLATE MINERAL OIL MUSKAMBRETTE I0084. Additional compounds and chemicals of a plant ori MYRCENE MYRTENAL gin that can be used in accordance with embodiments of the NERALDIMETHYLACETATE present invention are set forth in the following applications, NEROLIDOL each of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by refer NONANONE ence: U.S. application Ser. No. 10/832,022, entitled COM GAMMA-NONALACTONE POSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING OIL OF PENNYROYAL OLIVE OIL INSECTS; U.S. application Ser. No. 11/086,615, entitled ORANGE SWEET OIL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING CTANOL INSECTS RELATED TO THE OCTOPAMINE RECEP CIMIENONE CIMIENONE TOR: U.S. application Ser. No. 1 1/365,426, entitled COM CTANONE POSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS INVOLVING THE TYRAMINE RECEPTOR; and U.S. application Ser. No. 1 1/870,385, entitled COMPO NUT OIL SITIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ERILLYLALCOHOL EPPERMINT OIL INSECTS. -PHELLANDRENE 0085. In certain embodiments, it can be desirable to HELLANDRENE include a naturally-occurring version or a synthetic version of HENETHYL ROPRIONATE a compound. For example, in certain embodiments it can be HENYLACETALDEHYDE desirable to include Lime Oil 410, a synthetic lime oil that can -PINENE be obtained, for example, from Millennium Chemicals, Inc. NENE In certain exemplary compositions, it can be desirable to NE OIL RANS-PINOCARVEOL include a compound that is designated as meeting Food ERONAL Chemical Codex (FCC), for example, Geraniol Fine FCC or ERONYL Tetrahydrolinalool FCC, which compounds can be obtained, ERONYLACETATE for example, from Millennium Chemicals, Inc. ERONYLALCOHOL ERONYLAMINE 0086. In embodiments of the invention that include at least RENAL one blend of compounds of a plant origin, the compounds of ULEGONE plant origin can be tested for their precise chemical compo QU NINE sition using, for example, High-Pressure Liquid Chromatog ROSEMARY OIL SABINENE raphy (HPLC), Mass Spectrometry (MS), gas chromatogra SABINYL phy, or the like. AC ETATE I0087. The term “about” or “approximately” means within SAFFLOWER OIL an acceptable error range for the particular value as deter ANTALENE SANTALOL mined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in SATIVEN part on how the value is measured or determined, i.e., the A-SELINENE limitations of the measurement system, i.e., the degree of precision required for a particular purpose. Such as a pharma US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

ceutical formulation. For example, “about can mean within 0101. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 1 or more than 1 Standard deviations, per the practice in the blend of compounds can include Isopropyl Myristate, Tet art. Alternatively, “about can mean a range of up to 20%, rahydrolinalool, Linalool, Geraniol, Piperonal (aldehyde), preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, and more Vanillin, and BSO. preferably still up to 1% of a given value. Alternatively, par 0102. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one ticularly with respect to biological systems or processes, the blend of compounds can include Thyme Oil White, Methyl term can mean within an order of magnitude, preferably Salicylate, Isopropyl Myristate, and Vanillin. within 5-fold, and more preferably within 2-fold, of a value. 0103) In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one Where particular values are described in the application and blend of compounds can include D-limonene, Thyme Oil claims, unless otherwise stated the term “about’ meaning White, and Methyl Salicylate. within an acceptable error range for the particular value 0104. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one should be assumed. blend of compounds can include Methyl Salicylate, Thymol, 0088. The term “substantially,” as used herein, means at Geraniol, Isopropyl Myristate, and Vanillin. least about 80%, preferably at least about 90%, more prefer 0105. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can ably at least about 99%, for example at least about 99.9%. In include between 4 and 5% Lilace Flower Oil (LFO), between Some embodiments, the term 'substantially can mean com 75 and 90% D-Limonene, between 3 and 4% Thyme Oil pletely, or about 100%. White, and between 8 and 12% Lime Oil 410. 0089. In embodiments of the invention that include at least 0106. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can one blend of compounds of a plant origin, the at least one include 4.40% LFO, 82.3% D-Limonene, 3.3% Thyme Oil blend of compounds can include at least two compounds. For White, and 10.0% Lime Oil 410. example, in an exemplary embodiment, the at least one blend 0107. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can of compounds can include LFO and Black Seed Oil (BSO). include between 75 and 90% D-Limonene, between 2.5 and 0090. In another exemplary embodiments, the at least one 4% Thyme Oil White, between 0.5 and 0.65% Linalool blend of compounds can include LFO, D-limonene, Thyme Coeur, between 0.7 and 0.9% Tetrahydrolinalool, between Oil White, and Lime Oil. 0.04 and 0.06% Vanillin, between 0.7 and 0.9% Isopropyl 0091. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one myristate, between 0.7 and 0.9% Piperonal (aldehyde), blend of compounds can include Tetrahydrolinalool, Isopro between 9 and 11% Lime Oil Minus, between 0.35 and 0.5% pyl Myristate, Piperonal (aldehyde), Triethyl Citrate, Lina Geraniol 60, and between 0.7 and 0.9% Triethyl Citrate. lool, Geraniol, Vanillin, D-limonene, Lime Oil, and Thyme 0108. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Oil White. include 82.52% D-Limonene, 3.28% Thyme Oil White, 0092. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 0.57% Linalool Coeur, 0.78% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.05% blend of compounds can include Isopropyl myristate, Tet Vanillin, 0.80% Isopropyl myristate, 0.80% Piperonal (alde rahydrolinalool, Linalool, Geraniol, Piperonal (aldehyde), hyde), 9.99% Lime Oil Minus, 0.41% Geraniol 60, and Vanillin, and BSO. 0.80% Triethyl Citrate. 0093. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 0109. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can blend of compounds can include Isopropyl myristate, Tet include between 18 and 24% BSO, between 14 and 17% rahydrolinalool, Linalool Synthetic, Geraniol Fine, Piperonal Linalool Coeur, between 17 and 21% Tetrahydrolinalool, (aldehyde), Vanillin, BSO, Methyl Salicylate, and D-li between 1.6 and 2% Vanillin, between 21 and 26% Isopropyl O. myristate, between 7 and 9% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 0094. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one between 9 and 12% Geraniol Fine FCC. blend of compounds can include Thyme Oil White, Winter 0110. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can green Oil, Isopropyl Myristate, and Vanillin. include 21.50% BSO, 15.90% Linalool Coeur, 19.00% Tet 0095. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one rahydrolinalool, 1.80% Vanillin, 23.50% Isopropyl myristate, blend of compounds can include D-limonene, Thyme Oil 7.80% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 10.50% Geraniol Fine FCC. White, and Wintergreen Oil. 0111. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0096. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one include between 8 and 10% D-Limonene, 24 and 28.5% BSO, blend of compounds can include Thyme Oil White, Winter 5.5 and 7.0% Linalool Coeur, between 7 and 9%Tetrahydro green Oil, and Isopropyl Myristate. linalool, between 0.7 and 0.9% Vanillin, between 8.5 and 0097. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 10.5% Isopropyl myristate, between 2.8 and 3.6% Piperonal blend of compounds can include D-limonene, Linalool, (aldehyde), between 3.8 and 5% Geraniol Fine FCC, and Geraniol, Tetrahydrolinalool, Isopropyl Myristate, Piperonal, between 29 and 37% Methyl Salicylate 98% Nat. and Vanillin. 0112. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0098. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one include 8.80% D-Limonene, 26.20% BSO, 6.40% Linalool blend of compounds can include Methyl Salicylate, Linalool, Coeur, 7.80% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.80% Vanillin, 9.50% Iso Geraniol, Tetrahydrolinalool, Isopropyl Myristate, Piperonal propyl myristate, 3.20% Piperonal (aldehyde), 4.30% (aldehyde), Vanillin, BSO, and D-limonene. Geraniol Fine FCC, and 33.00% Methyl Salicylate 98% Nat. 0099. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 0113. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can blend of compounds can include Isopropyl myristate, Tet include between 18 and 23% Thyme Oil White, between 40 rahydrolinalool, Linalool, Geraniol, Piperonal (aldehyde), and 50% Wintergreen Oil, between 1 and 1.2% Vanillin, and Vanillin, Mineral Oil, BSO, and D-limonene. between 30 and 37% Isopropyl myristate. 0100. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one 0114. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can blend of compounds can include Linalool, Thymol (crystal), include 20.50% Thyme Oil White, 45.00% Wintergreen Oil, Alpha-Pinene, Para-Cymene, and trans-Anethole. 1.10% Vanillin, and 33.40% Isopropyl myristate. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 26

0115. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can drolinalool, 0.15% Vanillin, 2.35% Isopropyl myristate, include between 50 and 62% D-Limonene, between 10.5 and 2.35% Piperonal (aldehyde), 1.21% Geraniol 60, and 2.35% 13.5% Thyme Oil White, and between 28 and 35% Winter Triethyl Citrate. green Oil. 0.125. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0116. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 72 and 89% LFO and between 18 and 22% include 56.30% D-Limonene, 12.38%Thyme Oil White, and Black Seed Oil (BSO). 31.32% Wintergreen Oil. I0126. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0117. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include -80.09% LFO and 19.91% BSO. include between 50 and 62% D-Limonene, between 10.5 and I0127. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 13.5% Thyme Oil White, and between 28 and 35% Winter include between 45 and 56% LFO and between 45 and 55% green Oil Technical. BSO. 0118. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can I0128. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 56.30% D-Limonene, 12.38%Thyme Oil White, and include 50.13% LFO and 49.87% BSO. 31.32% Wintergreen Oil Technical. I0129. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0119. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 4.1 and 5.2% Thyme Oil White, between 52 include between 11.5 and 14.5% LFO, between 7.9 and 9.5% and 64% Wintergreen Oil, and between 33 and 42% Isopropyl D-Limonene, between 8.5 and 10.6%Thyme Oil White, and myristate. between 61 and 76%. Lime Oil 410. 0.130. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 4.60% Thyme Oil White, 57.80% Wintergreen Oil, 0120 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and 37.60% Isopropyl myristate. include 12.94% LFO, 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil I0131. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can White, and 68.76% Lime Oil 410. include between 25 and 31% D-Limonene, between 4 and 5% 0121. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Thyme Oil White, and between 60 and 72% Wintergreen Oil. include between 11.5 and 14.5% LFO, between 38 and 46.5% 0.132. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can D-Limonene, between 8.5 and 10.6% Thyme Oil White, include 28.24% D-Limonene, 4.44% Thyme Oil White, and between 0.76 and 0.92% Linalool Coeur, between 6 and 8% 67.32% Wintergreen Oil. Citral, between 6.5 and 8% gamma-terpinene, between 1.1 I0133. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and 1.5% Alpha-Pinene (98%), between 4.1 and 5.2% Alpha include between 8.9 and 11% D-Limonene, between 12.5 and Terpineol, between 3.8 and 5% Terpinolene, between 1 and 16% Linalool Coeur, between 21.5 and 27% Tetrehydrolina 1.25% Para-Cymene, between 1.6 and 2% Linallyl Acetate, lool, between 2.2 and 2.7% Vanillin, between 25 and 32% between 1.7 and 2.1% Beta Pinene, between 0.08 and 0.1% Isopropyl myristate, between 9 and 11% Piperonal (alde Camphor Dextro, between 0.07 and 0.09% Terpinene 40 L, hyde), and between 9 and 11.4% Geraniol 60. between 1.7 and 2.1% Alpha Terpinene, between 0.8 and I0134. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.0% Bomeol L, between 0.3 and 0.45% Camphene, between include 9.90% D-Limonene, 14.14% Linalool Coeur, 24.29% 0.10 and 0.14% Decanal, between 0.09 and 0.11% Dodeca Tetrehydrolinalool, 2.48% Vanillin, 28.92% Isopropyl nal, between 0.005 and 0.015% Fenchol Alpha, between 0.1 myristate, 9.97% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 10.30% Geraniol and 0.14% Geranyl Acetate, between 0.2 and 0.35% 60. Isoborneol, between 0.24 and 0.28% 2-Methyl 1.3-cyclo I0135) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can hexadiene, between 0.7 and 0.85% Myrcene, between 0.015 include between 8.4 and 10.2% D-Limonene, between 29 and and 0.025% Nonanal, between 0.03 and 0.05% Octanal, and 35% Black Seed Oil, between 8.5 and 10.6% Linalool Coeur, between 0.015 and 0.025% Tocopherol Gamma Tenox. between 10 and 12.8% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 1 and 0122. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.35% Vanillin, between 12.5 and 15.5% Isopropyl myristate, include 12.94% LFO, 42.2% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil between 4.2 and 5.3% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 5.7 and White, 0.84% Linalool Coeur, 7.02% Citral, 7.23% gamma 6.9% Geraniol Fine FCC, and between 10.5 and 13% Methyl terpinene, 1.33% Alpha-Pinene (98%), 4.68% Alpha-Terpin Salicylate 98% Nat. eol, 4.33%Terpinolene, 1.11% Para-Cymene, 1.79% Linallyl 0.136. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Acetate, 1.93% Beta Pinene, 0.09% Camphor Dextro, 0.08% include 9.30% D-Limonene, 31.92% Black Seed Oil, 9.48% Terpinene 4.0 L, 1.93% Alpha Terpinene, 0.89% Bomeol L. Linalool Coeur, 11.40% Tetrahydrolinalool, 1.16% Vanillin, 0.37% Camphene, 0.12% Decanal, 0.10%. Dodecanal, 14.04% Isopropyl myristate, 4.68% Piperonal (aldehyde), 0.01% Fenchol Alpha, 0.12% Geranyl Acetate, 0.28% 6.29% Geraniol Fine FCC, and 11.72% Methyl Salicylate Isoborneol, 0.26% 2-Methyl 1.3-cyclohexadiene, 0.78% 98% Nat. Myrcene, 0.02% Nonanal, 0.04% Octanal, and 0.02% Toco 0.137 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can pherol Gamma Tenox. include between 8.7 and 10.4% D-Limonene, between 23 and 0123. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 30% Black Seed Oil, between 8.9 and 10.8% Linalool Coeur, include between 8.7 and 10.8% D-Limonene, between 7.7 between 10.7 and 12.9% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 1.05 and 9.4% Thyme Oil White, between 62 and 76% Lime Oil and 1.35% Vanillin, between 13.4 and 16.5%. Mineral Oil 410, between 1.4 and 1.9% Linalool Coeur, between 2 and White (USP), between 13 and 16% Isopropyl myristate, 2.5% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.13 and 0.17% Vanillin, between 4.4 and 5.4% Piperonal (aldehyde), and between 5.9 between 2.1 and 2.55% Isopropyl myristate, between 2.1 and and 7.2% Geraniol Fine FCC. 2.55% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 1.08 and 1.35% 0.138. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Geraniol 60, and between 2.1 and 2.55% Triethyl Citrate. include 9.63% D-Limonene, 26.66% BSO, 9.82% Linalool 0.124. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Coeur, 11.81% Tetrahydrolinalool, 1.20% Vanillin, 14.97% include 9.70% D-Limonene, 8.54% Thyme Oil White, Mineral Oil White (USP), 14.54% Isopropyl myristate, 69.41% Lime Oil 410, 1.66%Linalool Coeur, 2.29%Tetrahy 4.85% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 6.51% Geraniol Fine FCC. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 27

0.139. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Vanillin, 6.8% Isopropyl myristate, 7.1% Piperonal (alde include between 47 and 58% BSO, between 8.7 and 10.5% hyde), 2.9% Piperonyl Alcohol, and 70.2% Lime Oil Minus. Linalool Coeur, between 10 and 13% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0153. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 1.0 and 1.25% Vanillin, between 12.8 and 15.3% include between 37 and 45.5% LFO, between 25 and 31% Isopropyl myristate, between 4.3 and 5.2% Piperonal (alde D-Limonene, and between 27.5 and 34% Thyme Oil White. hyde), and between 5.7 and 7% Geraniol Fine FCC. 0154) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0140. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 41.4% LFO, 27.9% D-Limonene, and 30.7%Thyme include 52.28% BSO, 9.63% Linalool Coeur, 11.57% Tet Oil White. rahydrolinalool, 1.12% Vanillin, 14.26% Isopropyl myristate, 0.155. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 4.75% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 6.38% Geraniol Fine FCC. include between 24 and 30% D-Limonene, between 27 and 0141. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 33% Thyme Oil White, and between 38 and 47% Blend include between 34 and 42.5%Thyme Oil White, between 22 C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, and 27.5% Wintergreen Oil, between 1.0 and 1.22% Vanillin, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal and between 32 and 40%. Isopropyl myristate. aldehyde, 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). 0142. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0156. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 38.21% Thyme Oil White, 24.79% Wintergreen Oil, include 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08%Thyme Oil White, and 1.11% Vanillin, and 35.89% Isopropyl myristate. 42.57% Blend C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tet 0143. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can radyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, include between 35 and 44% Thyme Oil White, between 22 19.0% Piperonal aldehyde, 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Tri and 27.2% Wintergreen Oil, and between 32 and 40%. Iso ethyl Citrate). propyl myristate. 0157. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0144. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 24 and 31% D-Limonene, between 27 and include 39.24% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 33% Thyme Oil White, between 5.1 and 6.3% Linalool and 35.94%. Isopropyl myristate. Coeur, between 7.1 and 8.8% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0145. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.45 and 0.55% Vanillin, between 7.3 and 8.9% Isopropyl include between 35 and 44% Thyme Oil White, between 32 myristate, between 7.3 and 8.9% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 40%. Isopropyl myristate, and between 22 and 27.2% between 3.8 and 4.6% Geraniol 60, and between 7.3 and 8.9% Wintergreen Oil Technical. Triethyl Citrate. 0158. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0146 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 27.4% D-Limonene, 30.1% Thyme Oil White, 5.7% include 39.24% Thyme Oil White, 35.94% Isopropyl Linalool Coeur, 7.9% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.5% Vanillin, myristate, and 24.82% Wintergreen Oil Technical. 8.1% Isopropyl myristate, 8.1% Piperonal (aldehyde), 4.2% 0147 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 13.3 and 16.3% D-Limonene, between 2.6 Geraniol 60, and 8.1% Triethyl Citrate. and 3.2% Linalool Coeur, between 3.15 and 3.85% Tetrahy 0159. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can drolinalool, between 0.18 and 0.22% Vanillin, between 3.05 include between 38 and 47% LFO, between 24 and 31% and 3.75% Isopropyl myristate, between 3.2 and 4.0% Piper D-Limonene, between 27 and 33% Thyme Oil White. onal (aldehyde), between 1.25 and 1.55% Piperonyl Alcohol, 0160. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 63 and 78% Lime Oil Minus. include 42.6% LFO, 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% Thyme Oil White. 0148. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.161. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 14.8% D-Limonene, 2.9% Linalool Coeur, 3.5% Tet include between 3.6 and 4.45% D-Limonene, between 4 and rahydrolinalool, 0.2% Vanillin, 3.4% Isopropyl myristate, 4.9%Thyme Oil White, between 15 and 18.4% Benzyl Alco 3.6% Piperonal (aldehyde), 1.4% Piperonyl Alcohol, and hol, between 18 and 23.5% Isopar M, between 41 and 49% 70.2% Lime Oil Minus. Water, between 5.7 and 7% C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 0149. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl include between 62 and 77% D-Limonene, between 2.6 and myristate, 19.0% Piperonal aldehyde, 9.8% Geraniol 60, 3.2% Linalool Coeur, between 3.15 and 3.85%Tetrahydroli and 19.1% Triethyl Citrate), and between 2.8.5 and 3.5% nalool, between 0.18 and 0.22% Vanillin, between 3.05 and Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium 3.75% Isopropyl myristate, between 3.25 and 3.95% Piper Lauryl Sulfate, 90.00% Water). onal (aldehyde), between 1.25 and 1.55% Piperonyl Alcohol, 0162. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 13.5 and 16.7% Lime Oil Minus. include 4.03% D-Limonene, 4.43% Thyme Oil White, 0150. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 16.61% Benzyl Alcohol, 20.95% Isopar M, 44.53% Water, include 69.8% D-Limonene, 2.9% Linalool Coeur, 3.5% Tet 6.27% C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdo rahydrolinalool, 0.2% Vanillin, 3.4% Isopropyl myristate, linalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% 3.6% Piperonal (aldehyde), 1.4% Piperonyl Alcohol, and Piperonal (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Triethyl Cit 15.2% Lime Oil Minus. rate), and 3.18% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 0151. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 10% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 90.00% Water). include between 5.1 and 6.3% Linalool Coeur, between 6.2 0163. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and 7.6% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.36 and 0.44% Van include between 3.6 and 4.45% D-Limonene, 4.0 and 4.75% illin, between 6.1 and 7.5% Isopropyl myristate, between 6.4 Thyme Oil White, between 0.76 and 0.92% Linalool Coeur, and 7.9% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 2.6 and 3.2% Pip between 1.05 and 1.27% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.063 eronyl Alcohol, and between 63 and 78% Lime Oil Minus. and 0.077% Vanillin, between 1.05 and 1.33% Isopropyl 0152. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can myristate, between 1.05 and 1.33% Piperonal (aldehyde), include 5.7% Linalool Coeur, 6.9%Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.4% between 0.56 and 0.68% Geraniol 60, between 1.05 and US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 28

1.33%Triethyl Citrate, between 15 and 18% Benzyl Alcohol, 0.175. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 18 and 24.2% Isopar M, between 40 and 49% Water, include between 18 and 23% Thyme Oil White, between 40 and between 2.85 and 3.5% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS and 50% Wintergreen Oil, and between 31 and 38%. Isopropyl Solution: 10% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 90.00% Water). myristate. 0164. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0176). In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 4.03% D-Limonene, 4.43%Thyme Oil White, 0.84% include 20.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, and Linalool Coeur, 1.16% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.07% Vanillin, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate. 1.19% Isopropyl myristate, 1.19% Piperonal (aldehyde), 0177. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.62% Geraniol 60, 1.19% Triethyl Citrate, 16.61% Benzyl include between 19 and 24% Black Seed Oil, between 14 and Alcohol, 20.95% Isopar M, 44.53% Water, and 3.18% Solu 17.5% Linalool Coeur, between 17 and 21% Tetrahydrolina tion S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Lauryl lool, between 1.7 and 2.1% Vanillin, between 21 and 26% Sulfate, 90.00% Water). Isopropyl myristate, between 7 and 8.6% Piperonal (alde 0.165. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can hyde), and between 9.5 and 11.6% Geraniol Fine FCC. include between 24 and 31% D-Limonene, between 27 and 0178. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 33% Thyme Oil White, and between 38 and 47% Blend include 21.5% Black Seed Oil, 15.8% Linalool Coeur, 19.0% C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, Tetrahydrolinalool, 1.9% Vanillin, 23.4% Isopropyl 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal myristate, 7.8% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 10.5% Geraniol aldehyde, 9.8% Geraniol 60, and 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). Fine FCC. 0166 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08%Thyme Oil White, and 0179. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 42.57% Blend C-4003 (13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tet include between 6 and 7.4% Linalool Coeur, between 22 and radyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 26% Soy Bean Oil, between 33 and 41% Thymol (crystal), 19.0% Piperonal aldehyde, 9.8% Geraniol 60, and 19.1% and between 3.3 and 4.2% Alpha-Pinene (98%). Triethyl Citrate). 0180. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0167. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 6.63% Linalool Coeur, 24.03% Soy Bean Oil, include between 24 and 31% D-Limonene, between 27 and 37.17% Thymol (crystal), and 3.78% Alpha-Pinene (98%). 33% Thyme Oil White, between 5.2 and 6.4% Linalool 0181. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Coeur, between 7 and 8.8% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.45 include between 7.9 and 9.6% Linalool Coeur, between 43 and 0.55% Vanillin, between 7.2 and 8.9% Isopropyl and 53% Thymol (crystal), between 4.5 and 5.5% Alpha myristate, between 7.2 and 8.9% Piperonal (aldehyde), Pinene (98%), and between 33 and 42% Para-Cymene. between 3.7 and 4.6% Geraniol 60, and between 7.3 and 9.0% 0182. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Triethyl Citrate. include 8.73% Linalool Coeur, 48.93% Thymol (crystal), 0.168. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 4.97% Alpha-Pinene (98%), and 37.37% Para-Cymene. include 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% Thyme Oil White, 0183 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 5.73% Linalool Coeur, 7.88% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.50% include between 7.9 and 9.5% D-Limonene, between 8.6 and Vanillin, 8.08% Isopropyl myristate, 8.09% Piperonal (alde 10.5%Thyme Oil White, between 61 and 76% Lime Oil 410, hyde), 4.18% Geraniol 60, and 8.11% Triethyl Citrate. between 2.3 and 2.9% Linalool Coeur, between 2.8 and 3.4% 0169. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.29 and 0.35% Vanillin, include between 4 and 4.9% Lilac Flower Oil, between 7.6 between 3.4 and 4.3% Isopropyl myristate, between 1.16 and and 9.1% D-Limonene, 2.9 and 3.65%Thyme Oil White, and 1.42% Piperonal (aldehyde), and between 1.5 and 1.9% between 9 and 11% Lime Oil Minus. Geraniol Fine FCC. 0170 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0184. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 4.4% Lilac Flower Oil, 82.3% D-Limonene, 3.3% include 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil White, Thyme Oil White, and 10.0% Lime Oil Minus. 68.76% Lime Oil 410, 2.61% Linalool Coeur, 3.13%Tetrahy 0171 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can drolinalool, 0.32% Vanillin, 3.86%. Isopropyl myristate, include between 11.7 and 14.2% Lilac Flower Oil, between 1.29% Piperonal (aldehyde), and 1.73% Geraniol Fine FCC. 7.9 and 9.6% D-Limonene, between 8.7 and 10.6% Thyme 0185. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Oil White, and between 61 and 76%. Lime Oil Minus. include between 25 and 31% D-Limonene, between 4 and 0172. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 4.9% Thyme Oil White, and between 60 and 74% Methyl include 12.94% Lilac Flower Oil, 8.72%D-Limonene, 9.58% Salicylate (Synth.). Thyme Oil White, and 68.76% Lime Oil Minus. 0186. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0173. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 28.24% D-Limonene, 4.44% Thyme Oil White, and include between 8.8 and 10.8% D-Limonene, between 7.7 67.32% Methyl Salicylate (Synth.). and 9.5% Thyme Oil White, between 1.53 and 1.87% Lina lool Coeur, between 2.1 and 2.5% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0187. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.09 and 0.11% Vanillin, between 2.15 and 2.65% include between 18 and 23% Thyme Oil White, between 31 Piperonal (aldehyde), between 62 and 77% Lime Oil Minus, and 37.8% Isopropyl Myristate, and between 40 and 50% between 1.05 and 1.35% Geraniol 60, and between 2.15 and Wintergreen Oil (Technical). 2.55% Triethyl Citrate. 0188 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.174. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 20.6%Thyme Oil White, 34.3% Isopropyl Myristate, include 9.8% D-Limonene, 8.6% Thyme Oil White, 1.7% and 45.1% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). Linalool Coeur, 2.3% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.1% Vanillin, 0189 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 2.4% Piperonal (aldehyde), 69.3% Lime Oil Minus, 1.2% include between 49 and 60% Castor Oil hydrogenated Geraniol 60, and 2.4% Triethyl Citrate. (PEO40), between 20.7 and 25% Lemon Grass Oil (India), US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 29 and between 20 and 24.6% Blend B-5006 (12.94% Lilac 0202 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Flower Oil, 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil White, include 4.7% Linalool Coeur, 40.8%Thymol (crystal), 1.9% 68.76% Lime Oil 410). Alpha-Pinene (98%), 34.49% Para-Cymene, and 18.2% 0190. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Trans-anethole. include 54.63% Castor Oil hydrogenated PEO40, 22.93% 0203. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Lemon Grass Oil India, and 22.44% Blend B-5006 (12. include between 6 and 7.4% Linalool Coeur, between 21.5 94% Lilac Flower Oil, 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme and 26.5% Soy Bean Oil, between 33 and 41%Thymol (crys Oil White, 68.76% Lime Oil 410). tal), between 3.4 and 4.2% Alpha-Pinene (98%), and between 0191 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 25 and 31% Para-Cymene. include between 14.5 and 17.8% Lilac Flower Oil, between 0204. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 60 and 75% D-Limonene, between 10 and 12.4% Thyme Oil include 6.6% Linalool Coeur, 24.0% Soy Bean Oil, 37.2% White, and between 4.4 and 5.4% Black Seed Oil. Thymol (crystal), 3.8% Alpha-Pinene (98%), and 28.39% 0.192 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Para-Cymene. include 16.18% Lilac Flower Oil, 67.81% D-Limonene, 0205. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 11.18% Thyme Oil White, and 4.83% Black Seed Oil. include between 36 and 45% Linalool Coeur, between 31 and 0193 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 37.5% Thymol (crystal), between 4.2 and 5.2% Alpha-Pinene include between 14.4 and 17.6% Lilac Flower Oil (LFO), (98%), between 1.7 and 2.1% Para-Cymene, and between between 60 and 75% D-Limonene, between 10.4 and 12.7% 16.5 and 20% Trans-anethole. Thyme Oil White, and between 4.8 and 5.8% Black Seed Oil 0206. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can (BSO). include 40.8% Linalool Coeur, 34.4% Thymol (crystal), 0194 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 4.7% Alpha-Pinene (98%), 1.9% Para-Cymene, and 18.20% include 16.01% LFO, 67.09% D-Limonene, 11.59% Thyme Trans-anethole. Oil White, 5.31% BSO. 0207. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.195. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 8.5 and 10.5% Linalool Coeur, between 42 include between 8 and 9.6% D-Limonene, between 8.8 and and 53% Thymol (crystal), between 8.5 and 10.4% Alpha 10.6%Thyme Oil White, between 50 and 60% Lime Oil 410, Pinene (98%), and between 30 and 36.5% Para-Cymene. between 1.5 and 1.85% Linalool Coeur, between 2.1 and 0208. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 2.5% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.135 and 0.165% Vanil include 9.49% Linalool Coeur, 47.87% Thymol (crystal), lin, between 2.1 and 2.5% Isopropyl myristate, between 2.1 9.46% Alpha-Pinene (98%), and 33.18% Para-Cymene. and 2.6% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 1.1 and 1.35% 0209. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Geraniol 60, between 2.1 and 2.6% Triethyl Citrate, and include between 18 and 22.3% Linalool Coeur, between 22 between 12.5 and 15.3% Isopar M. and 27% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 2.2 and 2.7% Vanillin, 0196. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 26 and 33% Isopropyl myristate, between 9 and 11% include 8.83% D-Limonene, 9.71% Thyme Oil White, Piperonal (aldehyde), and between 12 and 14.6% Geraniol 55.17% Lime Oil 410, 1.68% Linalool Coeur, 2.31%Tetrahy Fine FCC. drolinalool, 0.15% Vanillin, 2.37% Isopropyl myristate, 0210. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 2.37% Piperonal (aldehyde), 1.23% Geraniol 60, 2.38% Tri include 20.15% Linalool Coeur, 24.23% Tetrahydrolinalool, ethyl Citrate, and 13.80% Isopar M. 2.47% Vanillin, 29.84% Isopropyl myristate, 9.95% Piper 0197) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can onal (aldehyde), and 13.36% Geraniol Fine FCC. include between 7.9 and 9.5% D-Limonene, between 8.6 and 0211. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 10.5%Thyme Oil White, between 62 and 76% Lime Oil 410, include between 20 and 26%Tetrahydrolinalool, between 1.0 between 1.5 and 1.82% Linalool Coeur, between 2 and 2.5% and 1.4%. Vanillin, between 4 and 4.9% Hercolyn D. between Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0.14 and 0.16% Vanillin, 13.5 and 16.6% Isopropyl myristate, between 6.8 and 8.3% between 2.1 and 2.6% Isopropyl myristate, between 2.1 and Piperonal (aldehyde), between 20 and 25.2% Ethyl Linalool, 2.6% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 1.1 and 1.32% Geraniol between 6 and 7.3% Hedione, between 9 and 11.2% Triethyl 60, and between 2.1 and 2.6% Triethyl Citrate. Citrate, and between 8.1 and 10% Dipropylene glycol (DPG). 0198 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0212. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.59% Thyme Oil White, include 22.98% Tetrahydrolinalool, 1.17% Vanillin, 4.44% 69.35% Lime Oil 410, 1.66%Linalool Coeur, 2.28%Tetrahy Hercolyn D, 15.10% Isopropyl myristate, 7.55% Piperonal drolinalool, 0.15% Vanillin, 2.34% Isopropyl myristate, (aldehyde), 22.91% Ethyl Linalool, 6.67%. Hedione, 10.10% 2.34% Piperonal (aldehyde), 1.21% Geraniol 60, and 2.35% Triethyl Citrate, and 9.09% Dipropylene glycol (DPG). Triethyl Citrate. 0213. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0199. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 12.2 and 14.8% Linalool Coeur, between include between 14.7 and 18% LFO, between 61 and 76% 16.9 and 20.1%Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.08 and 1.32% Vanillin, D-Limonene, between 4.8 and 5.9% Thyme Oil White, and between 17 and 21% Isopropyl myristate, between 17 and between 9 and 11% Lime Oil 410. 21% Piperonal (aldehyde), between 8.8 and 10.8% Geraniol 0200. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 60, and between 17 and 21% Triethyl Citrate. include 16.31% LFO, 68.34% D-Limonene, 5.37% Thyme 0214. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Oil White, and 9.98% Lime Oil 410. include 13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 0201 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal include between 4.2 and 5.2% Linalool Coeur, between 36 (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, and 19.1% Triethyl Citrate. and 45% Thymol (crystal), between 1.7 and 2.1% Alpha 0215. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Pinene (98%), between 31 and 38% Para-Cymene, and include between 17 and 21% Linalool Coeur, between 21 and between 16 and 20% Trans-anethole. 25.5% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 1.08 and 1.32% Vanillin, US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 30 between 20.6 and 25.2% Isopropyl myristate, between 21 and 0221. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 26% Piperonal (aldehyde), and between 8.6 and 10.5% Pip include between 31 and 38% D-Limonene, between 9 and eronyl Alcohol. 11.1% Linalool Coeur, between 4.5 and 5.5% Alpha-Pinene 0216. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can (98%), between 9 and 11.2% Terpinolene, between 9 and include 19.2% Linalool Coeur, 23.2% Tetrahydrolinalool, 11.1% Para-Cymene, between 2.8 and 5.9% Linallyl Acetate, 1.2% Vanillin, 22.9% Isopropyl myristate, 23.8% Piperonal between 4.5 and 5.8% Beta Pinene, between 4.3 and 5.4% (aldehyde), and 9.6% Piperonyl Alcohol. Alpha Terpinene, between 5.2 and 6.4% Camphene, and 0217. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 8.3 and 10.2% Myrcene. include between 43 and 54% D-Limonene, between 1.1 and 0222. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.34% Linalool Coeur, between 9.2 and 11.3% Citral, include 34.50% D-Limonene, 10.05% Linalool Coeur, 5.01% between 9.4 and 11.6% gamma-terpinene, between 1.7 and Alpha-Pinene (98%), 10.10% Terpinolene, 10.04% Para 2.13% Alpha-Pinene (98%), between 6.1 and 7.5% Alpha Cymene, 5.30% LinallylAcetate, 5.02% Beta Pinene, 4.88% Terpineol, between 5.6 and 7.0% Terpinolene, between 1.45 Alpha Terpinene, 5.84% Camphene, and 9.26% Myrcene. and 1.76% Para-Cymene, between 2.34 and 2.86% Linallyl 0223) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Acetate, between 2.5 and 3.1% Beta Pinene, between 0.12 include between 81 and 99% B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil and 0.14% Camphor Dextro, between 0.1 and 0.12% Ter White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, and 34.3% Isopropyl pinene 40L, between 2.5 and 3.1% Alpha Terpinene, between myristate) and between 9 and 11% Solution S-3002 (Stock 1.17 and 1.43% Bomeol L, between 0.49 and 0.61% Cam 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 90.00% phene, between 0.155 and 0.185% Decanal, between 0.13 and Water). 0.15% Dodecanal, between 0.009 and 0.011%. Fenchol 0224. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Alpha, between 0.16 and 0.20% Geranyl Acetate, between include 90% B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Win 0.37 and 0.45% Isoborneol, between 0.34 and 0.42% 2-Me tergreen Oil, and 34.3% Isopropyl myristate) and 10% Solu thyl 1.3-cyclohexadiene, between 1.03 and 1.25% Myrcene, tion S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Lauryl between 0.027 and 0.033% Nonanal, between 0.054 and Sulfate, 90.00% Water). 0.066% Octanal, and between 0.027 and 0.033%Tocopherol 0225. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Gamma TenoX. include between 0.8 and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0218. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.18 and 0.22% Lecithin, between 8.8 and 10.8% include 48.58% D-Limonene, 1.22%Linalool Coeur, 10.21% Water, and between 80 and 98% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Citral, 10.51% gamma-terpinene, 1.94% Alpha-Pinene Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl (98%), 6.80% Alpha-Terpineol, 6.30% Terpinolene, 1.61% myristate). Para-Cymene, 2.60% Linallyl Acetate, 2.80% Beta Pinene, 0226. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.13% Camphor Dextro, 0.11%Terpinene 4.0 L, 2.80% Alpha include 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Terpinene, 1.30% Borneol L, 0.54% Camphene, 0.17% Water, and 89.1% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, Decanal, 0.14% Dodecanal, 0.01% Fenchol Alpha, 0.18% 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). Geranyl Acetate, 0.41% Isoborneol, 0.38% 2-Methyl 1,3- 0227. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can cyclohexadiene, 1.14% Myrcene, 0.03% Nonanal, 0.06% include between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium sorbate, between Octanal, and 0.03% Tocopherol Gamma Tenox. 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 73 and 89% Water, 0219. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 15.3 and 18.4% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyg include between 52 and 65% D-Limonene, between 1.3 and lycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend 1.61% Linalool Coeur, between 11.4 and 13.9% gamma B-502820.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, terpinene, between 2.1 and 2.6% Alpha-Pinene (98%), 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). between 6.8 and 8.5% Terpinolene, between 1.7 and 2.2% 0228. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Para-Cymene, between 2.8 and 2.45% Linallyl Acetate, include 1.00% Potassium sorbate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, between 3 and 3.7% Beta Pinene, between 0.145 and 0.176% 81.82% Water, and 16.90% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyglyc Camphor Dextro, between 0.12 and 0.14% Terpinene 40 L, erol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend between 3 and 3.7% Alpha Terpinene, between 1.42 and B-502820.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 1.72% Borneol L, between 0.59 and 0.71% Camphene, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). between 0.18 and 0.22% Decanal, between 0.155 and 0.185% 0229. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Dodecanal, between 0.009 and 0.011% Fenchol Alpha, 0.2 include between 0.10 and 0.12% Potassium sorbate, between and 0.24% Geranyl Acetate, between 0.44 and 0.54% 0.135 and 0.165% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.25 and Isoborneol, between 0.42 and 0.5% 2-Methyl 1.3-cyclohexa 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 0.030 and 0.038%. Lecithin, diene, between 1.24 and 1.5% Myrcene, between 0.036 and between 76 and 92% Water, and between 13.5 and 16.5% 0.044% Nonanal, between 0.06 and 0.08% Octanal, and Blend B-5028 (20.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen between 0.036 and 0.044%. Tocopherol Gamma Tenox. Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). 0220. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0230. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 58.54% D-Limonene, 1.47% Linalool Coeur, 12.66% include 0.11% Potassium sorbate, 0.15% Polyglycerol-4-ole gamma-terpinene, 2.34% Alpha-Pinene (98%), 7.59%Terpi ate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, 0.034% Lecithin, 84.4% Water, nolene, 1.94% Para-Cymene, 3.13% Linallyl Acetate, 3.37% and 15% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Beta Pinene, 0.16% Camphor Dextro, 0.13%Terpinene 40 L, Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). 3.37% Alpha Terpinene, 1.57% Borneol L, 0.65% Cam 0231. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can phene, 0.20% Decanal, 0.17% Dodecanal, 0.01% Fenchol include between 2.7 and 3.4% Thyme Oil White, between 6 Alpha, 0.22% Geranyl Acetate, 0.49%. Isoborneol, 0.46% and 7.5% Wintergreen Oil, between 4.5 and 5.7% Isopropyl 2-Methyl 1.3-cyclohexadiene, 1.37% Myrcene, 0.04% Nona myristate, between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium sorbate, nal, 0.07% Octanal, and 0.04% Tocopherol Gamma Tenox. between 0.135 and 0.165% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 0.027 and 0.033% between 25 and 32% Water, and between 63 and 77% Blend Lecithin, and between 76 and 91% Water. B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 0232. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). include 3.09% Thyme Oil White, 6.77% Wintergreen Oil, 0242. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 5.15% Isopropyl myristate, 0.11% Potassium sorbate, 0.15% include 0.13% Potassium sorbate, 0.76% Polyglycerol-4-ole Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, 0.03% Leci ate, 0.32% Xanthan gum, 0.17% Lecithin, 28.6% Water, and thin, and 84.41% Water. 70% Blend B-5028 (20.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Winter 0233. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can green Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). include between 0.8 and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0243 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.18 and 0.22% Lecithin, between 9 and 11% Water, include between 2.8 and 3.4% Water, between 76 and 92% and between 80 and 98% Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil Blend F-4003 (0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Leci White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopropyl thin, 9.8% Water, 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil myristate). White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopropyl 0234. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Myristate), and between 11.5 and 14% Solution S-3001 include 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% (Stock 2.5% Xanthan-1% K sorbate; 1%. Potassium Sorbate, Water, and 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24%Thyme Oil White, 2.50% Xanthan Gum, 96.50% Water). 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopropyl myristate). 0244. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0235. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 3.1% Water, 84.2% Cationic formulation-Hi residual include between 2.7 and 3.4% Water, between 76 and 92% (F-4003: 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin,9.8% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Leci Water, 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil White, thin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend B-502820.6% Thyme Oil 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94%. Isopropyl Myristate), and White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate), 12.7% Solution S-3001 (Stock 2.5%Xanthan-1% K sorbate: and between 11.5 and 14% Solution S-3001 (Stock 2.5% 1% Potassium Sorbate, 2.50% Xanthan Gum, 96.50% Xanthan-1% K sorbate; 1%. Potassium Sorbate, 2.50% Xan Water). than Gum, 96.50% Water). 0245. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0236. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium sorbate, between include 3.1% Water, 84.2% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyglyc 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan gum, between 73 and 90% Water, erol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend and between 15.3 and 18.5% Blend F-4003 (0.90% Polyg B-502820.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, lycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.10% Blend 34.3% Isopropyl myristate), and 12.7% Solution S-3001 B-5016 (39.24%Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, (Stock 2.5% Xanthan-1% K sorbate; 1%. Potassium Sorbate, 35.94%. Isopropyl Myristate). 2.50% Xanthan Gum, 96.50% Water). 0246. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0237. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 1% Potassium sorbate, 0.28% Xanthan gum, 81.8% include between 14 and 17%Thyme Oil White, between 30 Water, and 16.9% Blend F-4003 (0.90% Polyglycerol-4-ole and 37% Wintergreen Oil, between 23 and 27.5% Isopropyl ate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.10% Blend B-501639. myristate, between 0.115 and 0.145% Potassium sorbate, 24% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% between 0.7 and 0.83% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.29 Isopropyl Myristate). and 0.36% Xanthan Gum, between 0.15 and 0.19% Lecithin, 0247. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 21 and 26% Water. include between 0.8 and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0238. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.18 and 0.22% Lecithin, between 8.9 and 11% include 15.5% Thyme Oil White, 33.8% Wintergreen Oil, Water, and between 80 and 98% Blend B-5034 (20.6% 25.7% Isopropyl myristate, 0.13% Potassium sorbate, 0.76% Thyme Oil White, 34.3% Isopropyl Myristate, 45.1% Win Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.32% Xanthan Gum, 0.17% Leci tergreen Oil Technical). thin, and 23.6% Water. 0248. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0239. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% include between 9.2% Water, between 70 and 88% Blend Water, and 89.10% Blend B-5034 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, F-4001 (0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% 34.3% Isopropyl Myristate, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil Techni Water, 89.1% Blend B-502820.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% cal). Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate), and between 0249. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 10.5 and 13.2% Solution S-3001 (Stock 2.5%Xanthan-1% K include between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium sorbate, between sorbate; 1%. Potassium Sorbate, 2.50% Xanthan Gum, 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan gum, between 73 and 90% Water, 96.50% Water). and between 15.3 and 17.5% Formulation F-4009 (0.90% 0240. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.10% include 9.2% Water, 78.87% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyglyc Blend B-5034 (24B-4a for Institutions with Methyl Sal: erol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend 20.6%Thyme Oil White, 34.3% Isopropyl Myristate, 45.1% B-502820.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, Wintergreen Oil Technical). 34.3% Isopropyl myristate), and 11.90% Solution S-3001 0250 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can (Stock 2.5% Xanthan-1% K sorbate; 1%. Potassium Sorbate, include 1.00% Potassium sorbate, 0.28% Xanthan gum, 2.50% Xanthan Gum, 96.50% Water). 81.82% Water, and 16.9% Formulation F-4009 (0.90% 0241. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.10% include between 0.11 and 0.15% Potassium sorbate, between Blend B-5034 (24B-4a for Institutions with Methyl Sal: 0.7 and 0.84% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.29 and 20.6%Thyme Oil White, 34.3% Isopropyl Myristate, 45.1% 0.36% Xanthan gum, between 0.15 and 0.19% Lecithin, Wintergreen Oil Technical). US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 32

0251. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can (TT-7; 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% Thyme Oil White, include between 0.18 and 0.22% Citronella Oil, between 0.18 42.57% Blend C-4003 13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tet and 0.22% Carbopol 940, between 0.9 and 0.11% BHT, radyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, between 54 and 66% Water, between 12.5 and 16% Emulsi 19.0% Piperonal (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Tri fying Wax, between 3.6 and 4.4% Light liquid paraffin, ethyl Citrate). between 8.1 and 9.9% White Soft Paraffin, between 0.22 and 0259. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.28% Sodium metabisulfate, between 1.8 and 2.2% Propy include between 49 and 60% Isopar M, between 36 and 44% lene glycol, between 0.13 and 0.17% Methyl parabin, A46 propellant, and between 5.4 and 6.6% Blend B-5021 between 0.045 and 0.055% Propyl parabin, between 4.5 and (HL1; 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% Thyme Oil White, 5.5% Cresmer RH40 hydrogenated, between 0.13 and 0.17% 42.57% Blend C-4003 13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tet Triethanolamine, between 0.018 and 0.022% Vitamin E radyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, acetate, between 0.045 and 0.055% Disodium EDTA, and 19.0% Piperonal (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Tri between 4.5 and 5.5% Blend B-5006 (12.94% Lilac Flower ethyl Citrate). Oil, 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil White, 68.76% 0260. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Lime Oil 410). include 54.0% Isopar M. 40.0% A46 propellant, and 6.0% 0252. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Blend B-5021 (HL1; 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% Thyme include 0.20% Citronella Oil, 0.20% Carbopol 940, 0.10% Oil White, 42.57% Blend C-4003 13.5% Linalool Coeur, BHT, 59.83% Water, 14.00% Emulsifying Wax, 4.00% Light 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl liquid paraffin, 9.00% White Soft Paraffin, 0.25% Sodium myristate, 19.0% Piperonal (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, metabisulfate, 2.00% Propylene glycol, 0.15% Methyl para 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). bin, 0.05% Propyl parabin, 5.00% Cresmer RH40 hydroge 0261. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can nated, 0.15% Triethanolamine, 0.02% Vitamin E acetate, include between 1.8 and 2.3% Thyme Oil White, between 4 0.05% Disodium EDTA, and 5.00% Blend B-5006 (12.94% and 5% Wintergreen Oil, between 3.1 and 3.75% Isopropyl Lilac Flower Oil, 8.72% D-Limonene, 9.58% Thyme Oil myristate, between 0.10 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, White, 68.76% Lime Oil 410). between 0.135 and 0.165% Polyclycerol-4-oleate, between 0253) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 0.027 and 0.033% include between 0.045 and 0.055% Span 80, between 0.18 Lecithin, and between 80 and 98% Water. and 0.22% Sodium benzoate, between 26 and 32% Isopar M, 0262. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 13 and 16% A46 Propellant, between 38 and 46% include 2.06% Thyme Oil White, 4.51% Wintergreen Oil, Water, between 1.3 and 1.7% Isopropyl alcohol, and between 3.43% Isopropyl myristate, 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.15% 11.2 and 13.7% Blend B-5005 (56.30% D-Limonene, Polyclycerol-4-oleate, 0.28%Xanthan Gum, 0.03% Lecithin, 12.38% Thyme Oil White, 31.32% Wintergreen Oil). and 89.42% Water. 0254. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.05% Span 80, 0.20% Sodium benzoate, 29% Isopar 0263. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can M, 14.5% A46 Propellant, 42.25% Water, 1.50% Isopropyl include between 0.9 and 1.15% Thyme Oil White, between 2 alcohol, and 12.5% Blend B-5005 (56.30% D-Limonene, and 2.5% Wintergreen Oil, between 1.55 and 1.89% Isopro 12.38% Thyme Oil White, 31.32% Wintergreen Oil). pyl myristate, between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, 0255. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.13 and 0.17% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between include between 46 and 56% Isopar M, between 36 and 44% 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 0.027 and 0.033% A46 propellant, between 2.7 and 3.3% Isopropyl alcohol, and Lecithin, and between 85 and 100% Water. between 5.4 and 6.6% B-5024 (TT-7:27.35% D-Limonene, 0264. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 30.08% Thyme Oil White, 42.57% Blend C-4003 13.5% include 1.03% Thyme Oil White, 2.26% Wintergreen Oil, Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 1.72% Isopropyl myristate, 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.15% 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal (aldehyde), Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, 0.03% Leci 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). thin, and 94.43% Water. 0256 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0265. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 51.0% Isopar M, 40.0% A46 propellant, 3.0% Iso include between 0.18 and 0.22% Soya Lecithin, between 0.8 propyl alcohol, and 6.0% B-5024 (TT-7; 27.35% D-Li and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 8.8 and 10.8% monene, 30.08% Thyme Oil White, 42.57% Blend C-4003 Water, and between 80 and 98% Blend B-5016 (39.24% 13.5% Linalool Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.2% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopro Vanillin, 19.0% Isopropyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal (alde pyl Myristate). hyde), 9.8% Geraniol 60, 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). 0266. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0257. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.20% Soya Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, include between 46 and 56% Isopar M, between 36 and 44% 9.80% Water, and 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24%Thyme Oil A46 propellant, between 0.045 and 0.055% Bifenthrin, White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopropyl between 2.7 and 3.3% Isopropyl alcohol, and between 5.4 and Myristate). 6.6% Blend B-5024 (TT-7; 27.35% D-Limonene, 30.08% 0267 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Thyme Oil White, 42.57% Blend C-4003 13.5% Linalool include between 32 and 38%Thyme Oil White, between 29 Coeur, 18.5% Tetradyrdolinalool, 1.2% Vanillin, 19.0% Iso and 35% Isopropyl myristate, between 0.18 and 0.22% Soya propyl myristate, 19.0% Piperonal (aldehyde), 9.8% Geraniol Lecithin, between 0.8 and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 60, 19.1% Triethyl Citrate). between 8.8 and 10.8% Water, and between 20 and 24% 0258. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Wintergreen Oil Technical. include 51.0% Isopar M, 40.0% A46 propellant, 0.05% 0268. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Bifenthrin, 3.0% Isopropyl alcohol, and 6.0% Blend B-5024 include 35.0%Thyme Oil White, 32.0% Isopropyl myristate, US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0.20% Soya Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.80% 0280. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Water, and 22.1% Wintergreen Oil Technical. include 5.67% D-Limonene, 1.25% Thyme Oil White, 0269. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0.011% Soya Lecithin, 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 2.002% include between 0.09 and 0.11% Soya Lecithin, between 0.8 Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, 87.529% and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 8.9 and 10.9% Water, and 3.15% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). Water, and between 80 and 98% Blend B-5004 (20.50% 0281. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Thyme Oil White, 45.00% Wintergreen Oil, 1.10% Vanillin, include between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, between 33.40% Isopropyl myristate). 0.24 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 80 and 97% Water, 0270. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 10 and 12.6% Blend P-1000 (0.20% Soya Leci include 0.10% Soya Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, thin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.80% Water, 89.10% 9.90% Water, and 89.1% Blend B-5004 (20.50% Thyme Oil Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Winter White, 45.00% Wintergreen Oil, 1.10% Vanillin, 33.40%Iso green Oil, 35.94% Isopropyl Myristate). propyl myristate). 0282. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0271 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, include between 16 and 20.5%Thyme Oil White, between 36 88.315% Water, and 11.30% Blend P-1000 (0.20% Soya and 44% Wintergreen Oil, between 0.89 and 1.08% Vanillin, Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.80% Water, between 26.5 and 33% Isopropyl myristate, between 0.09 and 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% 0.11% Soya Lecithin, between 0.8 and 1.0% Polyglycerol-4- Wintergreen Oil, 35.94%. Isopropyl Myristate). oleate, and between 8.9 and 10.9% Water. 0283. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0272. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 3.5 and 4.4% Thyme Oil White, between 3.2 include 18.27%Thyme Oil White, 40.10% Wintergreen Oil, and 4% Isopropyl myristate, between 0.02 and 0.025% Soya 0.98% Vanillin, 29.76% Isopropyl myristate, 0.10% Soya Lecithin, between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, between Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, and 9.90% Water. 0.9 and 0.115% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.25 and 0.30% Xanthan Gum, between 80 and 98% Water, and 0273. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 2.2 and 2.8% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). include between 1.7 and 2.1% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0284. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 8 and 10%. Water, and between 80 and 98% Blend include 3.95% Thyme Oil White, 3.62% Isopropyl myristate, B-5016 (39.24%Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 0.023% Soya Lecithin, 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.1.02% 35.94% Isopropyl Myristate). Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, 89.422% 0274. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Water, 2.50% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). include 1.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.00% Water, and 0285. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% include between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, between Wintergreen Oil, 35.94%. Isopropyl Myristate). 0.25 and 0.30% Xanthan Gum, between 80 and 98% Water, 0275. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and between 10 and 12.6% Blend P-1020 (1.90% Polyglyc include between 31.5 and 38.5% Thyme Oil White, between erol-4-oleate, 9.00% Water, 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% 29 and 35% Isopropyl myristate, between 1.7 and 2.1% Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopro Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 8 and 10%. Water, and pyl Myristate). between 20 and 24% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). 0286. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0276. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, include 35.0%Thyme Oil White, 32.0% Isopropyl myristate, 88.315% Water, and 11.30% Blend P-1020 (1.90% Polyglyc 1.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.00% Water, and 22.1% Win erol-4-oleate, 9.00% Water, 89.10% Blend B-5016 (39.24% tergreen Oil (Technical). Thyme Oil White, 24.82% Wintergreen Oil, 35.94% Isopro 0277. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can pyl Myristate). include between 0.10 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, between 0287. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.7 and 2.1% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.24 and 0.31% include between 3.5 and 4.4% Thyme Oil White, between 2.2 Xanthan Gum, between 78 and 94% Water, and between 10 and 2.8% Wintergreen Oil, between 3.3 and 40% Isopropyl and 12.5% Blend P-1010 (0.10% Soya Lecithin, 0.90% myristate, between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 9.90% Water, 89.1% Blend B-5004 between 0.18 and 0.23% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 20.50% Thyme Oil White, 45.00% Wintergreen Oil, 1.10% 0.25 and 0.30% Xanthan Gum, and between 80 and 98% Vanillin, 33.40% Isopropyl myristate). Water. 0278. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0288. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 1.90% Polyglycerol-4- include 3.95% Thyme Oil White, 2.50% Wintergreen Oil, oleate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, 86.410% Water, and 11.30% 3.62% Isopropyl myristate, 0.11% Potassium Sorbate, 0.21% Blend P-1010 (0.10% Soya Lecithin, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4- Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.275% Xanthan Gum, and 89.332% oleate, 9.90% Water, 89.1% Blend B-5004 20.50% Thyme Water. Oil White, 45.00% Wintergreen Oil, 1.10% Vanillin, 33.40% 0289. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Isopropyl myristate). include between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium Sorbate, between 0279. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 2.2 and 2.8%Xanthan Gum, and between 87 and 100%Water. include between 5.0 and 6.3% D-Limonene, between 1.1 and 0290. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.4% Thyme Oil White, between 0.010 and 0.012% Soya include 1.00% Potassium Sorbate, 2.500% Xanthan Gum, Lecithin, between 0.1 and 0.12% Potassium Sorbate, between and 96.500%. Water. 1.8 and 2.2% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.24 and 0.31% 0291. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Xanthan Gum, between 79 and 96.5%Water, and between 2.8 include between 1.8 and 2.2% Sodium Benzoate and between and 3.45% Wintergreen Oil (Technical). 89 and 100% Water. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 34

0292. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can and 15.1% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% include 2% Sodium Benzoate and 98% Water. Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). 0293. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0303. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 1.05 and 1.32% Span 80, between 1.5 and include between 30 and 37% Water and between 59 and 74% 1.8%Tween 80, between 13 and 15.4% Isopar M, between 60 Formulation F-4002 (1.00% Potassium sorbate, 0.28% Xan and 76% Water, between 2.5 and 3.2% Blend B-5005 (25B than Gum, 81.82% Water, 16.90% Formulation F-4001 4-b blend; 56.30% D-Limonene, 12.38% Thyme Oil White, 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 31.32% Wintergreen Oil), and between 10 and 12.5% Solu 89.1% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Win tion P-1 100 (2% Sodium Benzoate; 2% Sodium Benzoate, tergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate)). 98% Water). 0304. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0294. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 33.40% Water and 66.60%. Formulation F-4002 include 1.20% Span 80, 1.65% Tween 80, 14.20% Isopar M, (1.00% Potassium sorbate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, 81.82% 68.75% Water, 2.84% Blend B-5005 (25B-4-bblend; 56.30% Water, 16.90% Formulation F-4001 (0.90% Polyglycerol-4- D-Limonene, 12.38% Thyme Oil White, 31.32% Winter oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend B-5028 green Oil), and 11.36% Solution P-1100 (2% Sodium Ben (20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% zoate; 2% Sodium Benzoate, 98% Water). Isopropyl myristate)). 0295. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0305. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 1.4 and 1.8% D-Limonene, between 0.32 include between 3.6 and 4.5% D-Limonene, between 4 and and 0.38% Thyme Oil White, between 0.8 and 0.98% Win 4.9%Thyme Oil White, between 15 and 18.2% Benzyl Alco tergreen Oil, between 1.1 and 1.3% Span 80, between 1.5 and hol, between 18 and 23.5% Isopar M, between 44 and 49% 1.8% Tween 80, between 0.2 and 0.26% Sodium Benzoate, Water, between 5.6 and 7.0% Blend C-4003 (3.18% Solution between 13 and 15.4% Isopar M, and between 71 and 88% S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Laurly Sul Water. fate, 90% Water). 0296. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0306 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 1.60% D-Limonene, 0.35% Thyme Oil White, 0.89% include 4.03% D-Limonene, 4.43% Thyme Oil White, Wintergreen Oil, 1.20% Span 80, 1.65% Tween 80, 0.23% 16.61% Benzyl Alcohol, 20.95% Isopar M, 44.53% Water, 6.27% Blend C-4003 (3.18% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% Sodium Benzoate, 14.20% Isopar M, and 79.88% Water. SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Laurly Sulfate, 90% Water). 0297. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0307. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 20 and 24% Propellent A70 and between 70 include between 3.6 and 4.45% D-Limonene, between 4.0 and 86% Blend P-1100 (1.20% Span 80, 1.65% Tween 80, and 4.9% Thyme Oil White, between 15 and 18.4% Benzyl 14.20% Isopar M, 68.75% Water, 2.84% Blend B-5005 (56. Alcohol, between 18 and 23.4% Isopar M, between 40 and 30% D-Limonene, 12.38% Thyme Oil White, 31.32% Win 49%. Water, between 0.045 and 0.055% Bifenthrin, between tergreen Oil), 11.36% Solution P-1100 2% Sodium Ben 5.6 and 7.0% Blend C-4003 (3.178% Solution S-3002 (Stock zoate; 2% Sodium Benzoate, 98% Water). 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Laurly Sulfate,90%Water). 0298. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0308. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include 22% Propellent A70 and 78% Blend P-110 (1.20% include 4.028% D-Limonene, 4.428% Thyme Oil White, Span 80, 1.65% Tween 80, 14.20% Isopar M, 68.75% Water, 16.60% Benzyl Alcohol, 20.94% Isopar M, 44.51% Water, 2.84% Blend B-500556.30% D-Limonene, 12.38%Thyme 0.05% Bifenthrin, 6.267% Blend C-4003 (3.178% Solution Oil White, 31.32% Wintergreen Oil), 11.36% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Laurly Sul P-1100 2% Sodium Benzoate; 2% Sodium Benzoate, 98% fate, 90% Water). Water). 0309. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0299. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 1.8 and 2.3%Thyme Oil White, between 4.0 include between 1.1 and 1.4% D-Limonene, between 0.24 and 5.0% Wintergreen Oil, between 3.1 and 3.8% Isopropyl and 0.3% Thyme Oil White, between 0.62 and 0.76% Win myristate, between 0.45 and 0.55% Span 80, between 13.5 tergreen Oil, between 0.85 and 1.04% Span 80, between 1.1 and 16.5% Isopar M, between 67 and 82% Water, and and 1.48% Tween 80, between 0.16 and 0.20% Sodium Ben between 0.045 and 0.055% Bifenthrin. Zoate, between 10 and 12.2% Isopar M, between 56 and 69% 0310. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Water, and between 20 and 24% Propellent A70. include 2.06% Thyme Oil White, 4.51% Wintergreen Oil, 0300. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 3.43% Isopropyl myristate, 0.50% Span 80, 15% Isopar M, include 1.25% D-Limonene, 0.27%Thyme Oil White, 0.69% 74.45% Water, 0.05% Bifenthrin. Wintergreen Oil, 0.94% Span 80, 1.29% Tween 80, 0.18% 0311. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Sodium Benzoate, 11.08% Isopar M, 62.31% Water, and include between 0.36 and 0.45%Thyme Oil White, between 22.0% Propellent A70. 0.8 and 1.0% Wintergreen Oil, between 0.6 and 0.76% Iso 0301 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can propyl myristate, between 0.018 and 0.022% Sodium Lauryl include between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium Sorbate, between Sulfate, and between 88 and 100% Water. 0.13 and 0.17% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, between 0.25 and 0312. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0:31% Xanthan Gum, between 0.030 and 0.037% Lecithin, include 0.41% Thyme Oil White, 0.90% Wintergreen Oil, between 75 and 91% Water, and between 13.5 and 16.6% 0.69% Isopropyl myristate, 0.02% Sodium LaurylSulfate, Blend B-5028 (20.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen and 97.98% Water. Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). 0313. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0302) In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can include between 0.9 and 1.15% Thyme Oil White, between include 1.0% Potassium Sorbate, 0.15% Polyglycerol-4-ole 2.0 and 2.5% Wintergreen Oil, between 1.5 and 1.9% Isopro ate, 0.28% Xanthan Gum, 0.034% Lecithin, 83.5% Water, pyl myristate, and between 85 and 100% AgSorb. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

0314. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 1.0 and 1.3% Wintergreen Oil, between 0.78 and 0.95% Iso include 1.03% Thyme Oil White, 2.26% Wintergreen Oil, propyl myristate, between 0.45 and 0.55% Span 80, between 1.71% Isopropyl myristate, 95.00% AgSorb. 13.5 and 16.5% Isopar M, between 73 and 90% Water, and 0315. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can between 0.045 and 0.55% Bifenthrin. include between 0.9 and 1.16% Thyme Oil White, between 0326 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 2.0 and 2.5% Wintergreen Oil, between 1.5 and 1.9% Isopro include 0.51% Thyme Oil White, 1.13% Wintergreen Oil, pyl myristate, and between 85 and 100% DG Light. 0.86% Isopropyl myristate, 0.50% Span 80, 15% Isopar M, 0316. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 81.95% Water, and 0.05% Bifenthrin. include 1.03% Thyme Oil White, 2.26% Wintergreen Oil, 0327. In certain embodiments wherein the composition 1.71% Isopropyl myristate, 95.0% DG Light. includes LFO, one or more of the following compounds can 0317. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can be substituted for the LFO: Tetrahydrolinalool, Ethyl Lina include between 0.36 and 0.45%Thyme Oil White, between lool, Heliotropine, Hedion, Hercolyn D, and Triethyl Citrate. 0.8 and 1.0% Wintergreen Oil, between 0.6 and 0.78% Iso In certain embodiments wherein the composition includes propyl myristate, between 0.018 and 0.022% Sodium Lauryl LFO, a blend of the following compounds can be substituted Sulfate, and between 87 and 100% Water. for the LFO: Isopropyl myristate, Tetrahydrolinalool FCC, 0318. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can Linalool, Geraniol Fine FCC, Piperonal (aldehyde), and Van include 0.41% Thyme Oil White, 0.90% Wintergreen Oil, illin. 0.69% Isopropyl myristate, 0.02% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 0328. In certain embodiments wherein the composition 97.98% Water. includes LFO, a blend of the following compounds can be 0319. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can substituted for the LFO: Isopropyl myristate, Tetrahydrolina include between 22 and 27% D-Limonene, between 0.89 and lool, Linalool, Geraniol, Piperonal (aldehyde), Vanillin, 1.1% Thyme Oil White, between 0.15 and 0.19% Linalool Methyl Salicylate, and D-limonene. Coeur, between 0.2 and 0.26% Tetrahydrolinalool, between 0329. In certain embodiments wherein the composition 0.018 and 0.022% Vanillin, between 0.22 and 0.26% Isopro includes BSO, one or more of the following compounds can pyl myristate, between 0.215 and 0.265% Piperonal (alde be substituted for the BSO: alpha-thujene: alpha-pinene; hyde), between 2.7 and 3.3% Lime Oil Minus, between 0.11 beta-pinene; p-cymene; limonene; and tert-butyl-p-benzo and 0.13% Geraniol 60, between 0.22 and 0.26% Triethyl quinone. Citrate, between 60 and 74% Water, and between 2.7 and 0330. In certain exemplary embodiments wherein the 3.3% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% SLS Solution; 10% composition includes Thyme Oil, one or more of the follow Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: 90% Water). ing compounds can be substituted for the Thyme Oil: thymol, 0320 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can C-thujone; C-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, p-cymene, C-ter include 24.76% D-Limonene, 0.98% Thyme Oil White, pinene, linalool, borneol, B-caryophyllene, and carvacrol. 0.17% Linalool Coeur, 0.23% Tetrahydrolinalool, 0.02% 0331 Compounds used to prepare the exemplary compo Vanillin, 0.24%. Isopropyl myristate, 0.24% Piperonal (alde sitions of the present invention can be obtained, for example, hyde), 3.00% Lime Oil Minus, 0.12% Geraniol 60, 0.24% from the following sources: Millennium Chemicals, Inc. Triethyl Citrate, 67% Water, 3% Solution S-3002 (Stock 10% (Jacksonville, Fla.), Ungerer Company (Lincoln Park, N.J.), SLS Solution: 10% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: 90% Water). SAFC (Milwaukee, Wis.), and IFF Inc. (Hazlet, N.J.). 0321. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can 0332. In some embodiments of the compositions, it can be include between 18 and 23% Thyme Oil White, between 40 desirable to include compounds each having a purity of about and 50% Wintergreen Oil, between 31 and 38% Isopropyl 60%. 65%, 70%, 75%,80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. For example, myristate, between 0.9 and 1.1% Potassium Sorbate, between in Some embodiments of the compositions that include 0.25 and 0.31% Xanthan Gum, between 72 and 89% Water, geraniol, it can be desirable to include a geraniol that is at least between 15 and 17.6% Blend F-4001 (0.90% Polyglycerol about 60%, 85% or 95% pure. In some embodiments, it can be 4-oleate, 0.20% Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend B-5028 desirable to include a specific type of geraniol. For example, 20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% in Some embodiments, the compositions can include: Isopropyl myristate). geraniol 60, geraniol 85, or geraniol 95. When geraniol is 0322. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can obtained as geraniol 60, geraniol 85, or geraniol 95, then forty include 20.6% Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, percent, fifteen percent, or five percent of the oil can be Nerol. 34.3% Isopropyl myristate, 1% Potassium Sorbate, 0.28% Nerol is a monoterpene (CoHO), that can be extracted from Xanthan Gum, 81.82% Water, 16.90% Blend F-4001 ({Cat attar of roses, oil of orange blossoms and oil of lavender. ionic Formulation; 0.90% Polyglycerol-4-oleate, 0.20% 0333 Embodiments of the present invention can include Lecithin, 9.8% Water, 89.1% Blend B-502820.6% Thyme art-recognised ingredients normally used in Such formula Oil White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl tions. These ingredients can include, for example, antifoam myristate). ing agents, anti-microbial agents, anti-oxidants, anti-redepo 0323. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can sition agents, bleaches, colorants, emulsifiers, enzymes, fats, include between 85 and 100% Miracle Gro (Sterile), and fluorescent materials, fungicides, hydrotropes, moisturisers, between 4.5 and 5.5% Blend B-5028 (20.6% Thyme Oil optical brighteners, perfume carriers, perfume, preservatives, White, 45.1% Wintergreen Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). proteins, silicones, soil release agents, solubilisers, Sugar 0324. In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can derivatives, Sun screens, Surfactants, vitamins waxes, and the include 95% Miracle Gro (Sterile), 5% Blend B-5028 ({25B like. 4A for Institutions:20.6%Thyme Oil White, 45.1% Winter 0334. In certain embodiments, embodiments of the green Oil, 34.3% Isopropyl myristate). present invention can also contain other adjuvants or modifi 0325 In some embodiments, the blend of compounds can ers such as one or more therapeutically or cosmetically active include between 0.45 and 0.56%Thyme Oil White, between ingredients. Exemplary therapeutic or cosmetically active US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 36 ingredients useful in the compositions of the invention can Such, if one compound is removed from the composition, or include, for example, fungicides, Sunscreening agents, Sun additional compounds or other ingredients are added to the blocking agents, Vitamins, tanning agents, plant extracts, composition, it is contemplated that the remaining com anti-inflammatory agents, anti-oxidants, radical scavenging pounds can be provided in the same relative amounts. For agents, retinoids, alpha-hydroxy acids, emollients, antisep example, if soybean oil were removed from the exemplary tics, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antihistamines, and the composition, the resulting composition would include 7 to 35 like, and can be present in an amount effective for achieving to 4 to 40 linalool, thymol, alpha-pinene, and para-cymene, the therapeutic or cosmetic result desired. respectively (by Volume). This resulting composition would 0335. In some embodiments, compositions of this inven include 9.21% linalool, 46.05% thymol, 5.26% alpha-pinene, tion can include one or more materials that can function as an and 39.48% para-cymene (vol/vol%). For another example, antioxidant, such as reducing agents and free radical scaven ifsafflower oil were added to the original composition to yield gers. Suitable materials that can function as an antioxidant a final composition containing 40% (vol/vol) safflower oil, can include, for example: acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, t-bu then the resulting composition would include 4.2% linalool, tyl hydroquinone, cysteine, diamylhydroquinone, erythorbic 21% thymol, 2.4% alpha-pinene, 18% para-cymene, 14.4% acid, ferulic acid, hydroquinone, p-hydroxyanisole, hydroxy soybean oil, and 40% safflower oil (vol/vol%). One having lamine Sulfate, magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbyl ordinary skill in the art would understand that volume per phosphate, octocrylene, phloroglucinol, potassium ascorbyl centages are easily converted to weight percentages based the tocopheryl phosphate, potassium sulfite, rutin, Sodium ascor known or measured specific gravity of the Substance. bate, sodium sulfite, Sodiumthloglycolate, thiodiglycol, thio 0339 Surprisingly, by combining certain insect control diglycolamide, thioglycolic acid, thiosalicylic acid, toco chemicals, and compounds or blends of the present invention, pherol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tris insect control activity of the resulting compositions can be (nonylphenyl)phosphite, and the like. enhanced, i.e., a synergistic effect on insect control activity is 0336 Embodiments of the invention can also include one achieved when a certain chemical or chemicals, and a certain or more materials that can function as a chelating agent to compound or compounds are combined. In other words, the complex with metallic ions. This action can help to inactivate compositions including certain combinations of at least one the metallic ions for the purpose of preventing their adverse chemical, and at least one compound or at least one blend of effects on the stability or appearance of a formulated compo compounds can have an enhanced ability to control insects, as sition. Chelating agents Suitable for use in an embodiment of compared to each of the chemicals or compounds taken alone. this invention can include, for example, aminotrimethylene (0340. In embodiments of the present invention, “synergy” phosphonic acid, beta-alanine diacetic acid, calcium diso can refer to any Substantial enhancement, in a combination of dium EDTA, citric acid, cyclodextrin, cyclohexanediamine at least two ingredients, of a measurable effect, when com tetraacetic acid, diammonium citrate, diammonium EDTA, pared with the effect of one active ingredient alone, or when dipotassium EDTA, disodium azacycloheptane diphospho compared with the effect of the complete combination minus nate, disodium EDTA, disodium pyrophosphate, EDTA (eth at least one ingredient. Synergy is a specific feature of a ylene diamine tetraacetic acid), gluconic acid, HEDTA (hy combination of ingredients, and is above any background droxyethyl ethylene diamine triacetic acid), methyl level of enhancement that would be due solely to, e.g., addi cyclodextrin, pentapotassium triphosphate, pentasodium tive effects of any random combination of ingredients. Effects aminotrimethylene phosphonate, pentasodium triphosphate, include but are not limited to: repellant effect of the compo pentetic acid, phytic acid, potassium citrate, potassium glu sition; pesticidal effect of the composition; perturbation of a conate, sodium citrate, sodium diethylenetriamine pentam cell message or cell signal Such as, e.g., calcium, cyclic-AMP. ethylene phosphonate, Sodium dihydroxyethylglycinate, and the like; and diminution of activity or downstream effects Sodium gluconate, sodium metaphosphate, Sodium metasili of a molecular target. cate, sodium phytate, triethanolamine ("TEA)-EDTA, TEA 0341 Invarious embodiments, a substantial enhancement polyphosphate, tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, tet can be expressed as a coefficient of synergy, wherein the rapotassium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium EDTA, tetrasodium coefficient is a ratio of the measured effect of the complete pyrophosphate, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, triso blend, divided by the effect of a comparison composition, dium HEDTA, trisodium phosphate, and the like. typically a single ingredient or a Subset of ingredients found 0337 Embodiments of the invention can also include one in the complete blend. In some embodiments, the Synergy or more materials that can function as a humectant. A humec coefficient can be adjusted for differences in concentration of tant is added to a composition to retard moisture loss during the complete blend and the comparison composition. use, which effect is accomplished, in general, by the presence 0342. In some embodiments of the invention, a coefficient therein of hygroscopic materials. of synergy of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5 can be substantial and 0338. In some embodiments, each compound can makeup commercially desirable. In other embodiments, the coeffi between about 1% to about 99%, by weight (wit/wt %) or by cient of synergy can be from about 1.6 to about 5, including volume (vol/vol%), of the composition. For example, one but not limited to 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5. In other composition of the present invention comprises about 2% embodiments, the coefficient of synergy can be from about 5 alpha-Pinene and about 98% D-limonene. As used herein, to 50, including but not limited to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, percent amounts, by weight or by Volume, of compounds are and 45. In other embodiments, the coefficient of synergy can to be understood as referring to relative amounts of the com be from about 50 to about 500, or more, including but not pounds. As such, for example, a composition including 7% limited to 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300,350, 400, and linalool, 35% thymol, 4% alpha-pinene, 30% para-cymene, 450. Any coefficient of synergy above 500 is also contem and 24% soybean oil (vol/vol%) can be said to include a ratio plated within embodiments of the present invention. of 7 to 35 to 4 to 30 to 24 linalool, thymol, alpha-pinene, 0343 Given that a broad range of synergies can be found para-cymene, and soybean oil, respectively (by Volume). As in various embodiments of the invention, it is expressly noted US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 37 that a coefficient of synergy can be described as being in the following applications, each of which is incorporated in 'greater than a given number and therefore not necessarily its entirety herein by reference: U.S. application Ser. No. limited to being within the bounds of a range having a lower 10/832,022, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS and an upper numerical limit. Likewise, in some embodi FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS; U.S. application Ser. No. 11/086,615, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS ments of the invention, certain low synergy coefficients, or FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS RELATED TO THE lower ends of ranges, are expressly excluded. Accordingly, in OCTOPAMINE RECEPTOR: U.S. application Ser. No. Some embodiments, synergy can be expressed as being 11/365,426, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS “greater than a given number that constitutes a lower limit of FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS INVOLVING THE synergy for Such an embodiment. For example, in some TYRAMINE RECEPTOR; and U.S. application Ser. No. embodiments, the synergy coefficient is equal to or greater 1 1/870,385, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS than 25; in Such an embodiment, all synergy coefficients FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS. below 25, even though substantial, are expressly excluded. (0346 Controlling Pests 0344 Compositions containing combinations of certain 0347 Embodiments of the invention can be used to control chemicals and compounds can be tested for synergistic effect insect species belonging to orders Acari, Anoplura, Araneae, on insect control activity by comparing the effect of a par Blattodea, Coleoptera, Collembola, Diptera, Grylloptera, ticular combination of at least one chemical, and at least one Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Isoptera, compound or at least one blend of compounds, to the effect of Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Mallophaga, Neuroptera, Odonata, the individual chemical(s) and compound(s). Additional Orthoptera, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Symphyla, Thysa information related to making a synergy determination can be nura, and Thysanoptera. found in the Examples set forth in this document. 0348 Embodiments of the present invention can be used 0345 Exemplary methods that can be used to determine to control, for example, the insects set forth in Table 5, or the the synergistic effect of a particular composition are set forth like.

TABLE 5

INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Abgrallaspis ithacae (Ferris) hemlock scale Homoptera Diaspididae Alcalitus essigi (Hassan) redberry mite Acari Eriophyidae Alcalitus ridis (Can.) birch budgall mite Acari Eriophyidae Acalitus vaccinii (Keif.) blueberry bud mite Acari Eriophyidae Acalymma vittatum (F) Striped cucumber Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) pine false webworm Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae Acantholyda zappei (Roh.) nesting pine sawfly Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae AcanthomyopS interjectiis (Mayr) larger yellow ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) bean weevil Coleoptera Bruchidae Acaris Siro L. grain mite Acari Acaridae Aceria campestricola (Frauen.) elm leafgall mite Acari Eriophyidae Aceria dispar (Nal.) aspen leaf mite Acari Eriophyidae Aceria elongatus (Hodg.) crimson erineum mite Acari Eriophyidae Aceria fraxiniflora (Felt) ash flower gall mite Acari Eriophyidae Aceria parapopiti (Keif.) poplar budgall mite Acari Eriophyidae Aceria tosichelia Keif. wheat curl mite Acari Eriophyidae Acericecis ocellaris (O.S.) ocellate gall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Achaearanea tepidariorum (Koch) European house Araneae Theridiidae spider Acheia domesticiis (L.) house cricket Grylloptera Gryllidae Achyra rantalis (Gn.) garden webworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acleris chalybeana (Fern.) esser maple leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Acleris comariana (Zell.) strawberry tortrix Lepidoptera Tortricidae Acleris fuscana (B. &Bsk.) Small aspen leaftier Lepidoptera Tortricidae Acleris gloverana (WIsm.) western blackheaded Lepidoptera Tortricidae budworm Acleris logiana (Cl-) blackheaded birch Lepidoptera Tortricidae eaffolder Acleris minuta (Rob.) yellowheaded Lepidoptera Tortricidae fireworm Acleris variana (Fern.) eastern blackheaded Lepidoptera Tortricidae budworm Acossus Centerensis (Lint.) poplar carpenterworm Lepidoptera Cossidae Acossus populi (WIk.) aspen carpenterworm Lepidoptera Cossidae Acrobasis bettieila Hulst birch tubemaker Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acrobasis carvae Grt. hickory shoot borer Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst sweetfern leaf Lepidoptera Pyralidae casebearer Acrobasisiuglandis (LeB.) pecan leaf casebearer Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack. alder tubemaker Lepidoptera Pyralidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 38

TABLE 5-continued

INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Acrobasis Sylviella Ely ironwood tubemaker Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acrobasis vaccinii Riley cranberry fruitworm Lepi (8. Pyralidae Acronicta americana (Harr.) American dagger Lepi (8. Noctuidae moth Acronicta dactylina Grt. alder dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta fragilis (Gn.) fragile dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta funeralis G. &R. paddle caterpillar Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta furcifera Gn. forked dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta grisea Wilk. gray dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicia hasta Gn. cherry dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta impressa WIk. willow dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta innotata Gn. birch dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta leporina (L.) poplar dagger moth Lepi (8. Noctuidae Acronicta lepusculina Gn. cottonwood dagger Lepi (8. Noctuidae moth Acronicta obiinita (J. E. Smith) Smeared dagger moth (8. Noctuidae Acronicia irisis Sm. sad dagger moth (8. Noctuidae Acronicta vinnula (Girt.) elm dagger moth e (8. Noctuidae Actebia fennica (Tausch.) black army cutworm (8. Noctuidae Actias itina (L.) luna moth (8. Saturniidae Actilops lycopersici (Tryon) tomato russet mite Eriophyidae Aculus fockeui (Nal. &Tr) plum rust mite Eriophyidae Acuius Schlechtendali (Nal.) apple rust mite Eriophyidae Acyrthosiphon caraganae caragana aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae (Cholodk.) Acyrthosiphon pistin (Harr.) pea aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Adalia bipunctata (L.) twospotted lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Adelges abietis (L.) eastern spruce gall Omoptera Adelgidae adelgi Adelges cooleyi (Gill.) Cooley spruce gall Omoptera Adelgidae adelgi Adelges lariciatus (Patch) spruce galladelgid Omoptera Adelgidae Adelges laricis Vallot pale spruce gall Omoptera Adelgidae adelgi AdelgeSpiceae (Ratz.) balsam woolly Omoptera Adelgidae adelgi Adelgesistigae Ann. hemlock woolly Omoptera Adelgidae adelgi Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) alfalfa plant bug eteroptera Miridae Adelphocoris rapidus (Say) rapid plant bug eteroptera Miridae Adelphocoris superbus (Uhl.) Superb plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Aedes aegypti (L.) yellow fever mosquito Diptera Culicidae Aeliopos titan (Cram.) whitebanded day Lepidoptera Sphingidae sphinx Aeshna Canadensis WIk. Canada darner Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshna umbrosa WIk. shadow darner Odonata Aeshnidae Aglais milberti (Godt.) Milbert tortoiseshell Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Agrius anxius Gory bronze birch borer Coleop (8. Buprestidae Agrilus aurichalceus Redt. rose stem girdler Coleop (8. Buprestidae Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) twolined chestnut Coleop (8. Buprestidae borer Agrius iraglis B. &B. bronze poplar borer Coleop (8. Buprestidae Agrius politus (Say) willow gall limb Coleop (8. Buprestidae borer Agrilus ruficollis (F) rednecked cane borer Coleop (8. Buprestidae Agriopodes failax (H.-S.) green marvel Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agriotes inostis (LeC.) little brown click Coleop (8. Elateridae beetle Agriotes lineatus (L.) lined click beetle Coleop (8. Elateridae Agriotes mancis (Say) wheat wireworm Coleop (8. Elateridae Agriotes obscurus (L.) dusky wireworm Coleop (8. Elateridae Agriotes sparsus LeC. western wireworm Coleop (8. Elateridae Agriphila vulgivagella (Clem.) vagabond crambus Lepidoptera Pyralidae Agrius Cingulata (F) pinkspotted Lepidoptera Sphingidae hawkmoth Agromyza aristata Malloch elm agromyzid Diptera Agromyzidae leafminer Agromyza fonteia (Rond.) alfalfa blotch Diptera Agromyzidae leafminer US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 39

TABLE 5-continued

INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Agromyza melampyga (Loew) mockorange Diptera Agromyzidae eafminer Agrotis gladiaria Morr. claybacked cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) black cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrotis Orthogonia Morr. pale western cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Ahasverus advena (Waltl) oreign grain beetle Coleoptera Cuculidae Alabama argiliacea (Hbn.) cotton leafworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Alatts myopS (F) Smalleyed click beetle Coleoptera Elateridae Alatts Octiiatus (L.) eyed click beetle Coleoptera Elateridae Aleutroglyphus ovatus (Troup.) brownlegged grain Acari Acaridae mite Allantiis cinctiis (L.) curled rose sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Ainiphagus aspericolis (LeC.) alder bark beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Alphiobius diaperints (Panz.) esser mealworm Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Alphiobius laevigatus (F.) black fungus beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Alphitophagus bifasciatus (Say) twobanded fungus Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Alsophila pometaria (Harr.) all cankerworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Aitica ambiens LeC. alder flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alica Canadensis Gent. prairie flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aitica chalybaea Ill. grape flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alica prasina LeC. poplar flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aitica rosae Woods rose flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aitica Sylvia Malloch blueberry flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Aitica tiimi Woods elm flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alypia langtoni Couper fireweed caterpillar Lepidoptera Noctuidae Alypia octomaculata (F.) eightspotted forester Lepidoptera Noctuidae Amblyscirtes vialis (Edw.) roadside skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Amphibolips confluenta (Harr.) spongy oakapplegall Hymenoptera Cynipidae Amphibolips quercutsinanis (O.S.) arge Oakapple gall Hymenoptera Cynipidae Amphicer is bicaudatus (Say) apple twig borer Coleoptera Bostrichidae Amphimalion maialis (RaZ.) European chafer Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Amphion floridensis B. P. Clark nessus Sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Amphipoea interOceanica (Sm.) strawberry cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Amphipyra pyramidoides Gn. copper underwing Lepidoptera Noctuidae Amphipyra pyramidoides Gn. rearhumpe Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Amplicephalus inimicus (Say) painted leafhopper Cicadellidae Anabrus simplex Hald. Mormon cricket Tettigoniidae Anacampsis innocutelia (Zell.) darkheaded aspen Gelechiidae eafroller Anacampsis niveopitivella (Cham.) paleheaded aspen Lepidoptera Gelechiidae eafroller Anagrapha falcifera (Kby.) celery looper Noctuidae Anaphothrips obscurus (Mill.) grass thrips Thripidae Anarsia ineatelia Zell. peach twig borer Gelechiidae Anasa tristis (DeG.) Squash bug Coreidae Anathix pitta (G. &R.) poplar catkin moth Noctuidae Anatis labiculata (Say) fifteenspotted lady Coccinellidae beetle Anatis mali (Say) eyespotted lady beetle Coccinellidae Ancistronycha bilineata (Say) twolined cantharid Cantharidae Ancy is burgessiana (Zell.) oak leaffolder Tortricidae Ancyllis comptana (Frö.) strawberry leafroller Tortricidae Ancyllis discigerana (Wilk.) yellow birch Tortricidae eaffolder Anelaphus paralleius (Newm.) hickory twig pruner Coleoptera Cerambycidae Anelaphus villosis (F.) twig pruner Coleoptera Cerambycidae Anisota finlaysoni Riotte shorthorned oakworm Lepidoptera Saturniidae Anisota Senatoria (J. E. Smith) orangestriped Lepidoptera Saturniidae Oakworm Anisota Stigma (F) spiny oakworm Lepidoptera Saturniidae Anisota virginiensis (Drury) pinkStriped oakworm Lepidoptera Saturniidae Anobium punctatum (DeG.) furniture beetle Coleoptera Anobiidae Anomoea iaticia via (Först.) claycoloured leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Anopionyx Canadensis Hgtin. onelined larch sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Anopionyx initeipes (Cress.) threelined larch Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 40

TABLE 5-continued

INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Antheraea polyphemis (Cram.) polyphemus moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Anthonomis musculus Say cranberry weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Anthononus quadrigibbits (Say) apple curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Anthonomis signatus Say strawberry bud weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Anthonomis signatus Say strawberry clipper Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Anthophylax attentiatus (Hald.) mottled longhorned Coleoptera Cerambycidae beetle Anthrenus flavipes LeC. furniture carpet Coleoptera Dermestidae beetle Anthrenits museorum (L.) museum beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Anthrenits Scrophilariae (L.) carpet beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Anthrenus verbasci (L.) varied carpet beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Antispilla nysaefoliella Clem. tupelo leafminer Lepidoptera Heliozelidae Apamea amputatrix (Fitch) yellowheaded Lepidoptera Noctuidae cutworn Apamea devastator (Brace) glassy cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Aphis craccivora Koch cowpea aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis fabae Scop. blackbean aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis fabae Scop. bean aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis gossypii Glov. melon aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis maculatae Oestl. spotted poplar aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis masturii Kltb. buckthorn aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis pomi DeG. apple aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aphis rubicola Oest. raspberry aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Alphonia guilaris (Zell.) stored nut moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Aphrophora cribrata (Wilk.) pine spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Aphrophora filva Doering western pine Homoptera Cercopidae spittlebug Aphrophora paralleia (Say) spruce spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Aphrophora permitata Uhl. Douglas-fir spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Aphrophora Saratogensis (Fitch) Saratoga Spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Apion longirostre Oliv. hollyhock weevil Coleoptera Apionidae Apion nigrum Hbst. black locust seed Coleoptera Apionidae weevil Apion simile Kby. birch catkin weevil Coleoptera Apionidae Apis meliifera L. honey bee Hymenoptera Apidae Apotomis dextrana (McD.) green aspen leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Aradus kormiieri Heiss pine flat bug Heteroptera Aradidae Araecertis fasciculatus (DeG.) coffee bean weevil Anthribidae Araneus trifolium (Hentz) shamrock spider Araneidae Archips argyrospilla (Wilk.) ruittree leafroller (CO(8 Tortricidae Archips cerasivorana (Fitch) uglynest caterpillar Lepidoptera Tortricidae Archips fervidana (Clem.) oak webworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Archips mortuana Kft. duskyback leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Archips negundana (Dyar) arger boxelder Lepidoptera Tortricidae eafroller Archips packardiana (Fern.) spring spruce needle Lepidoptera Tortricidae moth Archips purpurana (Clem.) omnivorous leafroller Lepi (8. Tortricidae Archips rosana (L.) European leafroller Lepi (8. Tortricidae Archips semiferana (WIk.) oak leafroller Lepi (8. Tortricidae Arctia caia (L.) great tiger moth Lepi (8. Arctiidae Argas persicus (Oken) owl tick Acari Argasidae Argyresthia conjugella Zell. apple fruit moth Lepi (8. Argyresthiidae Argyresthia laricella Kft. arch shoot moth Lepi (8. Argyresthiidae Argyresthia Oreaselia Clem. cherry shoot borer Lepi (8. Argyresthiidae Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.) arborvitae leafminer Lepi (8. Argyresthiidae Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.) orange tortrix Lepi (8. Tortricidae Argyrotaenia mariana (Fern.) graybanded leafroller Lepi (8. Tortricidae Argyrotaenia occultana Free. fall spruce needle Lepi (8. Tortricidae moth Argyrotaenia pinatibana (Kft.) pine tube moth Lepi O (8. Tortricidae Argyrotaenia quadrifasciana fourlined leafroller Lepi O (8. Tortricidae (Fern.) Argyrotaenia quercifoliana (Fitch) tortricid oakworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Argyrotaenia tabulana Free. jack pine tube moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wilk.) redbanded leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Arhopalus foveicollis (Hald.) pitted longhorned Coleoptera Cerambycidae beetle US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 41

TABLE 5-continued

INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Arhopalits productiis (LeC.) new house borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Armadillidium vulgare (Latr.) pillbug sopoda Armadillidae Aroga trialbanactileia (Cham.) redstriped fireworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Arrhenodes minutus (Drury) oak timberworm Coleoptera Brentidae Asent in striatum (L.) opaque Sawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Aspidiotis neri Bouch, oleander scale Homoptera Diaspididae Asterodiapsis varioiosa (Ratz.) golden oak scale Homoptera Asterolecaniida Asynapta hopkinsi Felt cone resin midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Asynonychus cervinus (Boh.) Fuller rose beetle Coleoptera Curculionidae Attagentispellio (L.) fur beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Attagentistinicolor (Brahm) black carpet beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Attiacaspis rosae (Bouch,) rose scale Homoptera Diaspididae Aulacorthum Solani (Kltb.) oxglove aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Aulocara elliotti (Thos.) bigheaded Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Autographa biloba (Steph.) bilobed looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Autographa Californica (Speyer) alfalfa looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Automerisio (F) io moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) olive fruit fly Diptera Tephritidae Baliosits nervosus (Panz.) basswood leafminer Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Banasa diniata (Say) banasa Stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Barbara Colfaxiana (Kft.) Douglas-fir cone Lepidoptera Tortricidae moth Battus philenor (L.) pipevine Swallowtail Lepidoptera Papilionidae Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Sweetpotato whitefly Homoptera Aleyrodidae Bision bettiaria Cognataria (Gn.) pepper-and-salt moth Lepidoptera Geometridae Blastobasis glandulella (Riley) acorn moth Lepidoptera Blastobasidae Biatta orientais L. oriental cockroach Blattodea Blattellidae Blatteila germanica (L.) German cockroach Blattodea Blattellidae Bissils i.ielicopterus (Say) chinch bug Heteroptera Lygaeidae Blissus leucopterus hiritus Montcl. hairy chinch bug Heteroptera Lygaeidae Bissus occiduus Barber western chinch bug Heteroptera Lygaeidae Boisea rubrolineata (Barber) western boxelder bug Heteroptera Rhopalidae Boisea trivittata (Say) boxelder bug Heteroptera Rhopalidae Boloria belona (F.) meadow fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Boioria etinomia (Esp.) bog fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Bolonia selene (D. &S.) silverbordered Lepidoptera Nymphalidae ritillary Bombyx mori (L.) silkworm Lepidoptera Bombycidae Bomolocha deceptaiis (Wilk.) basswood Owlet moth Lepidoptera Noctuidae Bourietiella hortensis (Fitch) garden springtail Collembola Sminthuridae Bovicola bovis (L.) cattle biting louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Bovicola Caprae (Girlt) goat biting louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Bovicola equi (Denny) horse biting louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Bovicola ovis (Schr.) sheep biting louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Brachycaudits persicae (Pass.) black peach aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Brachycoynella asparagi (Mord.) asparagus aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) cabbage aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Brochymena quadripiistulata (F.) ourhumped stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Bromius obscurus (L.) western grape Coleoptera Chrysomelidae rootWorl Brichophagus platypterus (WIk.) clover seed chalcid Hymenoptera Eurytomidae Bruchophagus roddi (Guss.) alfalfa seed chalcid Hymenoptera Eurytomidae Bruchus brachiais Fahr. vetch bruchid Coleoptera Bruchidae Bruchus pisorum (L.) pea weevil Coleoptera Bruchidae Bruchus rufimanus Boh. broadbean weevil Coleoptera Bruchidae Bryobia praetiosa Koch clover mite Acari Tetranychidae Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheut.) brown mite Acari Tetranychidae Bucculatrix ainsieiia Murt. oak skeletonizer Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae Bucciiatrix Canadensiselia Cham. birch skeletonizer Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae Buprestis attritienta L. golden buprestid Coleoptera Buprestidae Buprestis maculativentris Say ventrally-spotted Coleoptera Buprestidae buprestid Byturus unicolor Say raspberry fruitworm Coleoptera Byturidae Cacopsylla buxi (L.) boxwood psyllid Homoptera Psyllidae Cacopsylla mali (Schmdb.) apple Sucker Homoptera Psyllidae Cacopsylla negundinis Mally boxelder psyllid Homoptera Psyllidae Cacopsylla pyricola Först. pear psylla Homoptera Psyllidae Cadra cauteila (Wilk.) almond moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Cadra figuileila (Greg.) raisin moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 42

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Caeniirgina crassiusculia (Haw.) clover looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Cairoa cerasi (L.) pearsawfly Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Cairoa cerasi (L.) pearslug Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Cairoa fasciata (Nort.) oakslug Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Cairoa fasciata (Nort.) oak sawfly Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Callidium antennatum hesperum blackhorned pine Coleoptera Cerambycidae Casey Cre Calligrapha aini Schaeff. russet alder leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Calligrapha philadelphica (L.) dogwood leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Calligrapha scalaris (LeC.) elm calligrapha Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Callirhytis cornigera (O.S.) horned oak gall wasp Hymenoptera Cynipidae Callirhytis quercusptinctata gouty oak gall wasp Hymenoptera Cynipidae (Bass.) Callosamia promethea (Drury) promethea moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Calocoris norvegicus Gmel. strawberry bug Heteroptera Miridae Calopteryx maculata (Beauv.) ebony jewelling Odonata Calopterygidae Caloptilia ainivorella (Cham.) alder leafminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Caloptilia invariabilis (Braun) cherry leafcone Lepi O (8. Gracillariidae caterpillar Calopiilia neglindella (Cham.) boxelder leafroller Lepi Gracillariidae Caloptilia syringeila (F.) ilac leafminer Gracillariidae Calosoma calidum (F) fiery hunter Coleo e r8. Carabidae Calvia quatuordecimguttata (L.) ourteenspotted lady Coleo Coccinellidae beetle Cameraria aceriella (Clem.) maple leafblotch Lepidoptera Gracillariidae miner Cameraria betulivora (WIsm.) birch leafblotch miner Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Cameraria Cincinnatiella (Cham.) gregarious oak Lepidoptera Gracillariidae eafminer Cameraria hamadiyadella (Clem.) Solitary oak leafminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Camnula pellucida (Scudd.) clearwinged Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Campaea periata (Gn.) ringed looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Camponotus ferruginetis (F) red carpenterant Hymenoptera Formicidae Camponotus herculeanuts (L.) boreal carpenterant Hymenoptera Formicidae Camponotus pennsylvanicus black carpenterant Hymenoptera Formicidae (DeG.) Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) mullein bug Heteroptera Miridae Canarsia ulmiarrosorella (Clem.) elm leaftier Lepidoptera Pyralidae Caripeta anguistiorata WIk. brown pine looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Caripeta divisata Wilk. gray spruce looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) dried fruit mite Carpoglyphidae Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) dried fruit beetle Nitidulidae Carterocephalus palaemon Arctic skipper Hesperiidae (Pallas) Cartodere constricta (Gyll.) plaster beetle Lathridiidae Carutiaspisiiniperi (Bouch,) juniper scale Diaspididae Catastega aceriella Clem. maple trumpet Tortricidae skeletonizer Catocaia blandhiia Hulst gray-blue underwing Noctuidae Catocaia briseis Edw. briseis underwing Noctuidae Catocaia Cerogana Gn. yellowbanded e O e 8. Noctuidae underwing Catocaia concumbens WIk. pink underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocala gracilis Edw. graceful underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocaia habilis Grt. hickory underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocala ilia (Cram.) ilia underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocaia relicia WIk. white underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocaia Sordida Girt. blueberry underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocala ultronia (Hbn.) plum tree underwing Lepi (8. Noctuidae Catocaia unijuga WIk. oncemarried Lepi (8. Noctuidae underwing Catilocampus acericantiis (MacG.) maple petiole borer Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Cavariella aegopodii (Scop.) carrot-willow aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cecidomyia pellex O.S. ash bulletgall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyia piniinopis O.S. jack pine midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyia resinicola (O.S.) jack pine resin midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyia verrucicola O.S. linden wart gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 43

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westw.) currant bud mite Acari Eriophyidae Cecidophyopsis ribis (Westw.) blackcurrant big bud Acari Eriophyidae mite Celastrina argioliis (Cram.) spring azure Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Cephalicia fascipennis (Cress.) spruce webspinning Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae Sawfly Cephalcia marginata Middlk. red pine webspinning Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae Sawfly Cephaloon lepturoides Newm. false leptura beetle Coleoptera Cephaloidae Cephus cinctus Nort. wheat stem sawfly Hymenoptera Cephidae Cephus pygmaeus (L.) European wheat stem Hymenoptera Cephidae Sawfly Cerapieryx graminis L. antler moth Lepidoptera Noctuidae Ceratomia amyntor (Gey.) elm sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Ceratomia undulosa (Wilk.) waved sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schr.) European chicken flea Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Ceratophyllus niger Fox western chicken flea Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Cercyonis pegala (F.) common wood Lepidoptera Satyridae nymph Cerotoma trifurcata (Först.) bean leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Payk.) cabbage seedpod Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Ceutorhynchus rapae Gyll. cabbage curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Chaetocnema pullicaria Melsh. corn flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chaetophloeus heterodoxus mountain mahogany Coleoptera Scolytidae (Casey) bark beetle Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Ckll.) strawberry aphid Homoptera Aphididae Chaitophorus populicola Thos. Smoky winged poplar Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Chalcophora virginiensis (Drury) sculptured pine borer Coleoptera Buprestidae Charidotelia sexpunctata bicolor golden tortoise beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (F.) Charidryas harrisii (Scudd.) Harris checkerspot Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Charidryas nycteis (Dbly.) silvery checkerspot Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Cheinophila salicella (Hbn.) blueberry flagleaf Lepidoptera Oecophoridae webworm Chelopistes medeagridis (L.) arge turkey louse Mallophaga Philopteridae Chelymorpha cassidea (F) argus tortoise beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chilocorus stigma (Say) twicestabbed lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Chionaspis a mericana Johns. elm Scurfy scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionaspis corni Cooley dogwood scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionaspis furfura (Fitch) Scurfy scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionaspis intneri Comst. Lintner scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) pine needle scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionaspis salicisnigrae (Walsh) willow scurfy scale Homoptera Diaspididae Chionodes formosella (Murt.) spring oak leafroller Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Chionodes obscuruseila (Cham.) boxelder leafworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria blackberry looper Lepidoptera Geometridae (Gn.) Chlorochroa sayi (Stâl) Say Stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Choreutis pariana (Cl.) apple-and-thorn Lepidoptera Choreutidae skeletonizer Chorioptes bovis (Gerl.) chorioptic mange Acari Psoroptidae mite Choristoneura biennis Free. two-year-cycle Lepidoptera Tortricidae budworm Choristoneura confliciana (Wilk.) large aspen tortrix Lepidoptera Tortricidae Choristoneura fractivittana (Clem.) brokenbanded Lepidoptera Tortricidae leafroller Choristoneura filmiferana (Clem.) spruce budworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Choristoneura Occidentais Free. western spruce Lepidoptera Tortricidae budworm Choristoneutrap. pinus Free. jack pine budworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Choristoneura parallela (Rob.) spotted fireworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Choristoneura rosaceana (Harr.) obliquebanded Lepidoptera Tortricidae leafroller Choriippiis C. clirtipennis (Harr.) marsh meadow Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 44

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Chromatomyia Syngenesiae Holy. chrysanthemum Diptera Agromyzidae eafminer Chrysobothris femorata (Oliv.) flatheaded appletree Coleoptera Buprestidae Cre Chrysochus auratus (F.) dogbane beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomela crotchi Brown aspen leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomela scripta F. cottonwood leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Chrysomela waishi Brown balsam poplar leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Chrysopa oculata Say goldeneyed lacewing Neuroptera Chrysopidae Chrysoperia carnea (Steph.) common green Neuroptera Chrysopidae acewing Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zell.) cranberry girdler Lepidoptera Pyralidae Cimbex americana Leach elm sawfly Hymenoptera Cimbicidae Cimex lectuiarius L. bed bug Heteroptera Cimicidae Cimex piloselius (Horv.) batbug Heteroptera Cimicidae Cinara banksiana P. &T. jack pine aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara curvipes (Patch) balsam fir aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara formacula Hottes green spruce aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara laricifex (Fitch) black larch aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara laricis (Htg.) arch aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara pinea (Mord.) pine aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cinara strobi (Fitch) white pine aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cingiia catenaria (Drury) chainspotted Lepidoptera Geometridae geometer Circulifer tenelius (Baker) beetleafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Citheronia regais (F) hickory horned devil Lepidoptera Saturniidae Citheronia regais (F) regal moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Clastoptera obtusa (Say) alder Spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Clastoptera proteus Fitch dogwood spittlebug Homoptera Cercopidae Clepsis persicana (Fitch) whitetriangle Lepidoptera Tortricidae eafroller Clossiana titania grandis (B. & purple lesser fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae McD.) Clostera albosigma Fitch rustylined leaftier Lepidoptera Notodontidae Clostera apicalis (Wilk.) redmarked tentmaker Lepidoptera Notodontidae Clostera inclusa (Hbn.) poplar tentmaker Lepidoptera Notodontidae Cnephasia longana (Haw.) omnivorous leaftier Lepidoptera Tortricidae Coccinelia novemnotata Hbst. ninespotted lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Coccinelia Septemptinctata L. sevenspotted lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Coccinelia transversoguttata transverse lady beetle Coleoptera Coccinellidae richardsoni Brown Coccinelia indecimptinctata L. elevenspotted lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Cochliomyia macellaria (F) Secondary Diptera Caliphoridae SCCWWOl Coenonympha inornata Edw. inornate ringlet Lepidoptera Satyridae Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) arch casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleophora iaticornella Clem. pecan cigar Lepidoptera Coleophoridae casebearer Coleophora imosipennella (Dup.) elm casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleophora malivorella Riley pistol casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleophora pruniella Clem. cherry casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleophora serratella (L.) cigar casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleophora serratella (L.) birch casebearer Lepidoptera Coleophoridae Coleotechnites apicitripunctella green hemlock Lepidoptera Gelechiidae (Clem.) needleminer Coleotechnites canuseila (Free.) banded jack pine Lepidoptera Gelechiidae needleminer Coleotechnites laricis (Free.) orange larch Lepidoptera Gelechiidae tubemaker Coleotechnites macleodi (Free.) brown hemlock Lepidoptera Gelechiidae needleminer Coleotechnites milieri (Bsk.) odgepole Lepidoptera Gelechiidae needleminer Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.) orange spruce Lepidoptera Gelechiidae needleminer US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 45

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Coleotechnites resinosae (Free.) red pine needleminer Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Coleotechnites thujaella (Kft.) brown cedar Lepidoptera Gelechiidae leafminer Colias eurytheme Bdv. alfalfa caterpillar Lepidoptera Pieridae Coias interior Scudd. pinkedged Sulphur Lepidoptera Pieridae Colias philodice Godt. clouded Sulphur Lepidoptera Pieridae Colomerus vitis (Pgst.) grape erineum mite Acari Eriophyidae Colopha ulmicola (Fitch) elm cockscombgall Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Coloradia pandora Blake bandora moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Conophthorus coniperda (Schw.) white pine cone Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Conophthorits ponderosae Hopk. ponderosa pine cone Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Conophthorits ponderosae Hopk. odgepole cone beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Conophthorits resinosae Hopk. red pine cone beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Conotrachelusiuglandis LeC. butternut curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Conotrachelus menuphar (Hbst.) plum curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Contarinia baeri (Prell) European pineneedle Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Contarinia bromicola (M. &A.) bromegrass seed Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Contarinia Canadensis Felt ash midribgall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Contarinia johnsoni Felt grape blossom midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Contarinia negundifolia Felt boxelder leaf gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Contarinia negundinis (Gill.) boxelder budgall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Contarinia Oregonensis Foote Douglas-fir cone gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Contarinia pyrivora (Riley) pear midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Contarinia Schulzi Gagn, Sunflower midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Contarinia virginianae (Felt) chokecherry midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Contarinia washingtonensis Johns. Douglas-fir cone Diptera Cecidomyiidae Scale midge Corcyra cephalonica (Staint.) rice moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Corthyius punctatissiniis (Zimm.) pitted ambrosia beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Corydaius Cornutius (L.) dobsonfly Neuroptera Corydalidae Corydaius Cornutius (L.) hellgrammite Neuroptera Corydalidae Corythucha arcuata (Say) Oaklace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha ciliata (Say) Sycamore lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha elegans Drake willow lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha heidemanni Drake alder lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) walnut lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha pallipes Parsh. birch lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Corythucha ulmi O. &D. elm lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Cotaipa lanigera (L.) goldsmith beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Craponius inaequalis (Say) grape curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Creophilus maxillosus (L.) hairy rove beetle Coleoptera Staphylinidac Crepidodera nana (Say) iny aspen flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Crioceris asparagi (L.) asparagus beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Crioceris duodecimptinctata (L.) spotted asparagus Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Crocigrapha normani (Girt.) climbing cherry Lepidoptera Noctuidae cutworn Croesia curvalana (Kft.) blueberry leafier Lepidoptera Tortricidae Croesia Semipurpurana (Kft.) oak leafshredder Lepidoptera Tortricidae Croesus iaitarsus Nort. dusky birch sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Cryptocala acadiensis (Bethune) catocaline dart Lepidoptera Noctuidae Cryptococci is fagistiga Lind. beech scale Homoptera Eriococcidae Cryptolestes ferruginetis (Steph.) rusty grain beetle Coleoptera Cuculidae Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonh.) flat grain beetle Coleoptera Cuculidae Cryptoiestes turcicus (Grouv.) flourmill beetle Coleoptera Cuculidae Cryptomyzus ribis (L.) currant aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Cryptophagus varus W. &C. sigmoid fungus beetle Coleoptera Cryptophagidae Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) poplar-and-willow Coleoptera Curculionidae Cre Ctenicera aeripennis (Kby.) Puget Sound Coleoptera Elateridae wireworm US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 46

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family

Ctenicera destructor (Brown) prairie grain Coleop (8. Elateridae wireworm Ctenicera propola propola LeC. twospotted click Coleop (8. Elateridae beetle Ctenicera pruinina (Horn) Great Basin Coleop (8. Elateridae wireworm Ctenicera : resplendens (Esch.) green click beetle Coleop (8. Elateridae Ctenicera triundulata (Rand.) threespotted click Coleop (8. Elateridae beetle Ctenocephalides canis (Curt.) dog flea Siphonaptera Pulicidae Ctenocephalides felis (Bouch.) cat flea Siphonaptera Pulicidae Cuculia intermedia Speyer goldenrod cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Citiex pipiens L. northern house Diptera Culicidae mosquito Curculio uniformis (LeC.) filbert weevil Coleop (8. Curculionidae Cuterebra tenebrosa Coq. rodent botfly Diptera Oestridae Cydia caryana (Fitch) hickory shuckworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia latiferreana (WIsm.) filbertworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia nigricana (F.) pea moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia piperana Kft. ponderosa pine Lepidoptera Tortricidae seedworm Cydia pomonelia (L.) codling moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia strobilella (L.) spruce seed moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia toreuta (Girt.) eastern pine Lepidoptera Tortricidae seedworm Cynaeus angustus (LeC.) larger black flour Coleop (8. Tenebrionidae beetle Cytodites nudus (Vizioli) airsac mite Cytoditidae Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) grape phylloxera Phylloxeridae Danaits plexippus (L.) monarch butterfly Danaidae Darapsa myron (Cram.) Virginiacreeper Sphingidae sphinx Darapsa versicolor (Harr.) hydrangea sphinx Sphingidae Dasineutra balsamicola (Lint.) introduced false Cecidomyiidae balsam gall midge Dasineura communis Felt gouty vein midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Dasineura gieditchiae O.S. honeylocust podgall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Dasineutra legitiminicola (Lint.) clover seed midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Dasineura mali (Keif.) apple leaf midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Dasineutra rhodophaga (Coq.) rose midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Dasineura Swainei (Felt) spruce bud midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Dasychira dorsipennata (B. & hardwood tussock Lepidoptera Lymantriidae McD.) moth Dasychira pinicola (Dyar) pine tussock moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Dasychira plagiata (WIk.) northern pine tussock Lepidoptera Lymantriidae moth Dasylophia thyatiroides (WIk.) beech caterpillar Lepidoptera Notodontidae Datana integerrima G. &R. walnut caterpillar Lepidoptera Notodontidae Datana ministra (Drury) yellownecked Lepidoptera Notodontidae caterpillar Deidamia inscripta (Harr.) ettered sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Delia antiqua (Meig.) Onion maggot Diptera Anthomyiidae Delia floralis (Fall.) turnip maggot Diptera Anthomyiidae Delia plattira (Meig.) Seedcorn maggot Diptera Anthomyiidae Delia radicum (L.) cabbage maggot Diptera Anthomyiidae Demodex bovis Stiles cattle follicle mite Acari Demodicidae Demodex caii M., gn. cat follicle mite Acari Demodicidae Demodex equi Raill. horse follicle mite Acari Demodicidae Demodex ovis Rail. sheep follicle mite Acari Demodicidae Demodex phylloides Csokor hog follicle mite Acari Demodicidae Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC. western pine beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus frontais Zimm. southern pine beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus mirrayanae Hopk. odgepole pine beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonits ponderosae Hopk. mountain pine beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Douglas-fir beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonits punctatus LeC. boreal spruce beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kby.) spruce beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus simplex LeC. eastern arch beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Dendroctonus valiens LeC. red turpentine beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 47

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Depressaria pastinacelia (Dup.) parsnip webworm Lepidoptera Oecophoridae Dermacentor albipictus (Pack.) winter tick Acari xodidae Dermacenior andersoni Stiles Rocky Mountain Acari xodidae wood tick Dermacentor variabilis (Say) American dog tick Acari xodidae Dermanyssus gallinae (DeG.) chicken mite Acari Dermanyssidae Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes American house dust Acari Epidermoptidae mite Dermatophagoides pieronyssinus European house dust Acari Epidermoptidae (Troues.) mite Dermestes aier DeG. black larder beetle Dermestidae Dermestes iaidarius L. larder beetle Dermestidae Dermestes maculatus DeG. hide beetle Dermestidae Desmia funeralis (Hbn.) grape leaffolder Pyralidae Desmocerus palliatus (Först.) elder borer Cerambycidae Diabiotica barberi S. &L. northern corn Chrysomelidae COWOl Diabiotica undecimpunctata spotted cucumber Coleoptera Chrysomelidae howardi Barber beetle Diabiotica v. virgifera LeC. Western corn Coleoptera Chrysomelidae COWOl Diapheromera femorata (Say) walkingstick Phasmatodea. Heteronemiidae Diaspidioints ancylus (Putn.) Putnam Scale Homoptera Diaspididae Dicerca divaricata (Say) flatheaded hardwood Coleoptera Buprestidae Cre Dicerca tenebrica (Kby.) flatheaded poplar Coleoptera Buprestidae Cre Dicerca tenebrosa (Kby.) flatheaded conifer Coleoptera Buprestidae Cre Dichelonyx backii (Kby.) green rose chafer Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Dichomeris ligulella Hbn. palmerworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Dichomeris marginella (F) juniper webworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Dimorphopteryx melanognathus ringed birch sawfly Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Roh. Dionyctria abietivorella (Girt.) ir coneworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Dionyctria auranticella (Girt.) ponderosa pine Lepidoptera Pyralidae COCWOl Dionyctria disclusa Heinr. webbing coneworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Dionyctria reniculelioides Mut. & spruce coneworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Mun. Dionyctria resinoseila Mut. red pine shoot moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Dionyctria Zimmermani (Girt.) Zimmerman pine Lepidoptera Pyralidae Ol Diplolepis radicum (O.S.) rose root gall wasp Hymenoptera Cynipidae Diplolepis rosae (L.) mossyrose gall wasp Hymenoptera Cynipidae Diprion similis (Htg.) introduced pine Hymenoptera Diprionidae Sawfly Diptact is gigantorhynchus (Nal.) bigbeaked plum mite Acari Diptilomiopidae Discestra trifolii (Hufn.) clover cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Disonycha alternata (Ill.) striped willow leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Disonycha triangularis (Say) hreespotted flea Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Disonycha xanthomelas (Dalm.) spinach flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Dissosteira Carolina (L.) Carolina grasshopper Orthoptera Acrididae Diuraphis noxia (Mordv.) Russian wheat aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Diuraphis tritici (Gill.) western wheat aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Dolichovespula arenaria (F) aerial yellowjacket Hymenoptera Vespidae Dolichovespula machiata (L.) baldfaced horne Hymenoptera Vespidae Drepana arcuata Wilk. masked birch Lepidoptera Drepanidae caterpillar Drepana bilineata (Pack.) warty birch caterpillar Lepidoptera Drepanidae Drepanaphis acerifoliae (Thos.) painted maple aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Dryocampa rubicunda (F.) greenstriped Lepidoptera Saturniidae Dryocoetes betulae Hopk. Coleoptera Scolytidae Dryocoetes confistis Swaine western balsam bark Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.) rosy apple aphi Homoptera Aphidiidae Dysstroma Citrata (L.) dark marbled carpet Lepidoptera Geometridae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 48

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Eacies imperialispini Mich. pine imperial moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Earomyia abietum McAlp. ir seed maggot Diptera Lonchaeidae Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zell. ocust twig borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Ectoedemia indquisti (Free.) Small birch leafminer Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Ectropis crepuscularia (D. &S.) saddleback looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eilema bicolor (Girt.) Smoky moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Elaphria versicolor (Girt.) ir harlequin Lepidoptera Noctuidae ElasmoStethus cruciatus Say redcrossed Stink bug Heteroptera Acanthosomatida Elatobium abietinum (WIk.) spruce aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Empoascafabae (Harr.) potato leafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Empoasca maligna (Walsh) apple leafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Enargia decolor (Wilk.) aspen two leaf tier Lepidoptera Noctuidae Enchenopa binotata (Say) twomarked Homoptera Membracidae reenopper Endelomyia aethiops (F) roseslug Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Endopiza Viteana Clem. grape berry moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Endothenia albolineana (Kft.) spruce needleminer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Endrosis sarcitrella (L.) whiteshouldered Lepidoptera Oecophoridae house moth Ennomos magnaria Gn. maple spanworm Lpidoptera Geometridae Ennomos subsignaria (Hbn.) elm spanworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Enodia anthedon Clark northern pearly eye Lepidoptera Satyridae Entomoscelis americana Brown red turnip beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Epargyretis clariis (Cram.) silverspotted skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) tobacco moth Lepidoptera Pyrali Ephestia kuehniella Zell. Mediterranean flour Lepidoptera Pyrali s Ol Epicauta fabricii (LeC.) ashgray blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epicalita maculata (Say) spotted blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epicalita mitrina (LeC.) dark blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epicalita pennsylvanica (DeG.) black blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epicautapestifera Werner margined blister Coleoptera Meloi beetle Epicauta subglabra (Fall) caragana blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epicalita Vittata (F.) striped blister beetle Coleoptera Meloi Epilachna varivestis Muls. Mexican bean beetle Coleoptera Coccinellidae Epinotia meritana Heinr. white fir needleminer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epinotia nanana (Treit.) European spruce Lepidoptera Tortricidae needleminer Epinotianisella (Cl-) yellowheaded aspen Lepidoptera Tortricidae eaftier Epinotia radicana (Heinr.) redstriped Lepidoptera Tortricidae needleworm Epinotia Solandriana (L.) birch-aspen leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epinotia solicitana (Wilk.) birch shootworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epinotia timidella (Clem.) oak trumpet Lepidoptera Tortricidae skeletonizer Epinotia tsugana Free. hemlock needleminer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epirita autumnata henshawi November moth Lepidoptera Geometridae (Swett) Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.) bear rust mite Acari Eriophyidae Epitrix cucumenis (Harr.) potato flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsh.) obacco flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Epitrix subcrinita (LeC.) western potato flea Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Epitrix tuberis Gent. tuber flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Erannis tiliaria (Harr.) inden looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Erannis tiaria vancouverensis western winter moth Lepidoptera Geometridae Hulst Ergates spiculatus (LeC.) ponderous borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Eriocampaiugiandis (Fitch) woolly butternut Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Sawfly Eriocampa Ovaita (L.) woolly alder sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Eriophyes betulae (Nal.) birch witches broom Acari Eriophyidae mite Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) pearleafblister mite Acari Eriophyidae Eriosoma americanum (Riley) woolly elm aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Eriosoma Crataegi (Oestl.) woolly hawthorn Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 49

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Eriosoma lanigerim (Hausm.) woolly apple aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Erista is tenax (L.) drone fly Diptera Syrphidae Erista is tenax (L.) rattailed maggot Diptera Syrphidae Erynnis iceius (Scudd. &Burg.) dreamy dusky wing Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Erynnis juvenalis (F.) Juvenal dusky wing Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Erythroneura comes (Say) grape leafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Erythroneura tricincta Fitch threebanded Homoptera Cicadellidae leafhopper Erythroneura vitis (Harr.) grapevine leafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Erythroneura ziczac Walsh Virginiacreeper Homoptera Cicadellidae leafhopper Estigmene acrea (Drury) Saltmarsh caterpillar Lepidoptera Arctiidae Euceraphis punctipennis (Zett.) European birch aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Eiichaetes egie (Drury) milkweed tussock Lepidoptera Arctiidae Ol Euclea delphinii (Bdv.) spiny slug caterpillar Lepidoptera Limacodidae Eicosma glorioia Heinr. eastern pine shoot Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cre Eicosma monitorana Heinr. red pine cone borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Eicosma recissoriana Heinr. odgepole pine cone Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cre Eicosma Siskiyotiana (Kft.) ir cone borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Eicosma Sonomana Kft. western pine shoot Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cre Eicosma toctionana Heinr. white pine cone borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Eudryas grata (F.) beautiful wood Lepidoptera Noctuidae nymph Eudryas unio (Hbn.) pearly wood nymph Lepidoptera Noctuidae Eulachnus agilis (Kltb.) spotted pineneedle Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Eulithis diversilineata (Hbn.) grapevine looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Etinertis Strigatus (Fall.) onion bulb fly Syrphidae Eumerus tuberculatus Rond. esser bulb fly Syrphidae Eumorpha achemon (Drury) achemon sphinx (CO(8 Sphingidae Eumorpha pandorus (Hbn.) pandora sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Eupareophora pairca (Cress.) spiny ash sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Eupanthenos nubilis (Hbn.) ocust underwing Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euphoria inda (L.) bumble flower beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Euphrania Canadensis (Loew) currant fruit fly Diptera Tephritidae Euphydryasphaeton (Drury) Baltimore Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Euphyes vestris (Bdv.) dun skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Eupithecia filmata Pears. early brown looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia liteata Pack. ir needle inchworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia mtitata Pears. spruce cone looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia palpata Pack. Small pine looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia spermaphaga (Dyar) ir cone looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia transCanadata MacK. Small conifer looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) browntail moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Eupsia iristigmata (Girt.) brown fruitworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Eupioieta Claudia (Cram.) variegated fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Eurena iisa Bodv. &LeC. ittle Sulphur Lepidoptera Pieridae Eirena nicippe (Cram.) sleepy orange Lepidoptera Pieridae Eilschistus tristigmits (Say) dusky Stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Euschistus variolarius (P. de B.) onespotted Stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Eutrapeia clemataria (J. E. Smith) purplishbrown looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Eutrombidium trigonum (Herm.) red grasshopper mite Trombidiidae Etitira aira (Jur.) Smaller willow shoot Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Euxoa auxiliaris (Girt.) army cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa detersa (Wilk.) sand cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa messoria (Harr.) darksided cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.) redbacked cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa Scandens (Riley) white cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa tessellata (Harr.) striped cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa tristicula (Morr.) early cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euzophera semifuneralis (Wilk.) American plumborer Lepidoptera Pyralidae Everes amyntula (Bdv.) western tailed blue Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Everes comyntas (Godt.) eastern tailed blue Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Evergestis pallidata (Hufn.) purplebacked Lepidoptera Pyralidae cabbageworm US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 50

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Evergestis rimosais (Gn.) cross-striped Lepidoptera Pyralidae cabbageworm Evora hemidesma (Zell.) spirea leaftier Lepidoptera Tortricidae Exoteleia dodecelia (L.) pine bud moth Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Exoteleia nepheos Free. pine candle moth Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Fannia canicularis (L.) little house fly Diptera Muscidae Fannia scalaris (F.) latrine fly Diptera Muscidae Faronia diffusa (Wilk.) wheat head Lepidoptera Noctuidae armyworm Felicola subrostratus (Burm.) cat louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Feitia jaculifera (Gn.) dingy cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Feniseca tarquinius (F.) larwester Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Fenusa dohrnii (Tisch.) European alder Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae eafminer Fenitsa pusilla (Lep.) birch leafminer Hymenoptera Tenth redinidae Fidia viticida Walsh grape rootworm Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Fishia discons (Girt.) garden cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Forficula auricularia L. European earwig Dermaptera Forficulidae Formica exsectoides Forel Allegheny moundant Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica fisca L. silky ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Formica obscuripes Forel western thatching ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) western flower thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) flower thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Frankliniella vaccinii Morg. blueberry thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Gaieruca browni Blake peppergrass beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Galerticella nymphaeae (L.) waterlily leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Galleria mellonella (L.) greater wax moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Galleria mellonella (L.) W8XWOl Lepidoptera Pyralidae Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) basswood lace bug Heteroptera Tingidae Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis nose botfly Diptera Oestridae (L.) Gasterophilus intestinalis (DeG.) horse botfly Diptera Oestridae Gasterophilus nasalis (L.) hroat botfly Diptera Oestridae Gilpinia frutetorum (F) nursery pine sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.) European spruce Hymenoptera Diprionidae sawfly Givira iotta B.&McD. pine carpenterworm Lepidoptera Cossidae Glaucopsychelygdamus (Dbly.) silvery blue Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Gischirochilus quadrisignatus ourspotted sap beetle Coleoptera Nitidulidae (Say) Glycobit is speciosus (Say) Sugar maple borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Glyphipteryx inneella (Cl-) inden bark borer Lepidoptera Glyphipterigidae Glyptoscelis pubescens (F) hairy leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Gnatocerus cornutus (F) broadhorned flour Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Goes tesselaints (Hald.) oak sapling borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) American aspen Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Goniodes gigas (Tasch.) arge chicken louse Mallophaga Philopteridae Gossyparia spiiria (Mod.) European elm scale Homoptera Eriococcidae Grammia virguncula (Kby.) ittle virgin tiger moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Grapholita interstinctana (Clem.) clover head caterpillar Lepidoptera Tortricidae Grapholita moiesta (Bsk.) oriental fruit moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Grapholita packardi Zell. cherry fruitworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Grapholita prunivora (Walsh) esser appleworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Gretchena delicaiana Heinr. ironwood fruitworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Grylloprociphilus imbricator beech blight aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae (Fitch) Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm. all field cricket Grylloptera Gryllidae Gryllus veietis (Alex. &Big.) spring field cricket Grylloptera Gryllidae Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Kft.) cottonwood twig Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cre Haemaphysalis chordeilis (Pack.) bird tick Acari Ixodidae Haemaphysa is leporispalustris rabbit tick Acari Ixodidae (Pack.) Haematobia irritans (L.) horn fly Diptera Muscidae Haematopini is a sini (L.) horse Sucking louse Anoplura Haematopinidae Haematopini is eurysternits (Nitz.) shortnosed cattle Anoplura Haematopinidae OUSE US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 51

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Haematopini is stiis (L.) hog louse Anoplura Haematopinidae Haemodipstis ventricostis (Denny) rabbit louse Anoplura Hoplopleuridae Halysidota harrisii Walsh Sycamore tussock Lepidoptera Arctiidae moth Halysidota tessellaris (J. E. Smith) pale tussock moth (CO(8 Arctiidae Hamameistes spinostis Shimer witch hazel gall aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Haploa confisa (Lyman) Lyman haploa Lepidoptera Arctiidae Haploa lecontei (G.-M.) Leconte haploa Lepidoptera Arctiidae Haplothrips leucanthemi Schr. clover thrips Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae Harkencienus titus (F.) coral hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Harrisimenna trisignata (WIk.) Harris threespot Lepidoptera Zygaenidae Hedya nubiferana (Haw.) green budworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) omato fruitworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) COil (8WOl Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothis Ononis (D. &S.) flax bollworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothis virescens (F.) obacco budworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis greenhouse thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae (Bouch,) Hemaris diffinis (Bdv.) Snowberry clearwing Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hemaris thysbe (F) hummingbird moth Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hemichroa crocea (Geoff.) striped alder sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Henricus fuscodorsanus (Kft.) cone cochylid Lepidoptera Cochylidae Hepialus gracilis Grt. graceful ghost moth Lepidoptera Hepialidae Hercinothrips femoralis (Reut.) banded greenhouse Thysanoptera Thripidae hrips Herculia thymetusalis (WIk.) spruce needleworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Hesperia comma borealis Linds. Labrador skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Hesperia comma laurentina Laurentian skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae (Lyman) Heterarthrus memoratus (Fall.) ate birch leaf Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae edgeminer Heterocampa guttivitta (WIk.) saddled prominent Lepidoptera Notodontidae Hippodamia convergens G.-M. convergent lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae beetle Hippodamia iredecimpunctata hirteenspotted lady Coleoptera Coccinellidae tibialis (Say) beetle Hofinannophia pseudospreteila brown house moth Lepidoptera Oecophoridae (Staint.) Homadaula anisocentra Meyr. mimosa webworm Lepi (8. Plutellidae Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) Sunflower moth Lepi (8. Pyralidae Homoglaea hircina Morr. goat Sallow Lepi (8. Noctuidae Homohadena badistriga (Girt.) honeysuckle Lepi ea Noctuidae budworm Hopiocampa halcyon (Nort.) shadbush sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Hopiocampa testidinea (Klug) European apple Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Hyalophora Cecropia (L.) cecropia moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Hyalophora columbia (S. I. Smith) Columbian silk moth Lepidoptera Saturniidae Hyalophora columbia (S. I. Smith) arch silkworm Lepidoptera Saturniidae Hyalopterus pruni (Geoff.) mealy plum aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Hydraecia immanis Gn. hop vine borer Lepidoptera Noctuidae Hydraecia micacea (Esp.) potato stem borer Lepidoptera Noctuidae Hydria prinivorata (Fgn.) cherry scallopshell Lepidoptera Geometridae moth Hydriomena divisaria (Wilk.) transversebanded Lepidoptera Geometridae ooper Hylastinus obscurus (Marsh.) clover root borer Coleoptera Scolytidae Hvies gallii (Rott.) bedstraw hawkmoth Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hvies lineata (F.) whitelined sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hylesini is actileatus Say eastern ash bark Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Hviesinus californicus (Swaine) western ash bark Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Hviolycaena hyllus (Cram.) bronze copper Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Hylobius congener D. T., S. &M. Seedling debarking Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Hylobius pales (Hbst.) pales weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylobius piceus (DeG.) arge spruce weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Hylobius pinicola (Couper) Couper collar weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 52

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Hylobius radicis Buch. pine root collar Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Hylobius warreni Wood Warren root collar Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Hylotripes baitlis (L.) old house borer Cerambycidae Hylurgopini is rufipes (Eichh.) native elm bark beetle Scolytidae Hypagyrtistinipunctata (Haw.) onespotted variant Geometridae Hypena scabra (F.) green cloverworm Noctuidae Hypera meles (F.) cloverhead weevil Curculionidae Hypera nigrirostris (F) lesser clover leaf Curculionidae weevil Hypera postica (Gyll.) alfalfa weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Hypera punctata (F.) clover leaf weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Hyphantria cunea (Drury) fall webworm Lepidoptera Arctiidae Hypnoidus abbreviatus (Say) abbreviated Coleoptera Elateridae wireworm Hypoderma bovis (L.) northern cattle grub Diptera Oestridae Hypoderma lineatum (DeVill.) common cattle grub Diptera Oestridae Hypoderma tarandi (L.) caribou warble fly Diptera Oestridae Hypogastrura nivicola (Fitch) Snow flea Collembola Hypogastruridae Hypop repiaficosa Hbn. painted lichen moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Hypop repia miniata (Kby.) ScarletWinged lichen Lepidoptera Arctiidae moth Hyppa xylinoides (Gn.) cranberry cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Incisalia augustints (Westw.) brown elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Incisalia henrici (G. &R.) Henry elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Incisalia irus (Godt.) frosted elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Incisalia ilanoraieensis Shep. bog elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Incisalia niphon clarki Free. pine elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Incisalia polia C. &W. hoary elfin Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Ipimorpha pleonectiisa Girt. blackcheeked aspen Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Ips borealis Swaine northern engraver Coleoptera Scolytidae Ips calligraphits (Germ.) coarsewriting Coleoptera Scolytidae engraver Ips grandicollis (Eichh.) Southern pine Coleoptera Scolytidae engraver Ips perturbatus (Eichh...) northern spruce Coleoptera Scolytidae engraver Ips pini (Say) pine engraver Coleoptera Scolytidae Isochnits rufipes (LeC.) willow flea weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Itame loricaria (Evers.) false bruce spanworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Itame pustularia (Gn.) lesser maple Lepidoptera Geometridae spanworm Itame ribearia (Fitch) currant spanworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Ithycerus noveboracensis (Först.) New York weevil Coleoptera Ithyceridae Ixodes pacificiis Cooley &Kohls western blacklegged Acari Ixodidae tick Janus abbreviatus (Say) willow shoot sawfly Hymenoptera Cephidae Janus integer (Nort.) currant stem girdler Hymenoptera Cephidae Junonia coenia (Hbn.) buckeye Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Kaliofenusa ulmi (Sund.) elm leafminer Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Kaitenbachiella ulmifissa (W. & elm pouchgall aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae R.) Kaitenbachiola canadensis (Felt) spruce cone gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Kaitenbachiola rachiphaga (Tripp) spruce cone axis Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Keiferia lycopersicella (WIsm.) tomato pinworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae kleidocerys reseaae geminatius Say birch catkin bug Heteroptera Lygaeidae Labidomera civicollis (Kby.) milkweed leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Labops hesperius Uhl. black grass bug Heteroptera Miridae Lacinipolia meditata (Girt.) pinkbacked cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.) bristly cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lambdina f. fiscellaria (Gn.) hemlock looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa western hemlock Lepidoptera Geometridae (Hulst) looper Lambdina fiscellaria somniaria western oak looper Lepidoptera Geometridae (Hulst) US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 53

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Lampronia rubiella (Bjerk.) raspberry bud moth Lepidoptera Incurvariidae Laothoeitiglandis (J. E. Smith) walnut sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Lapara bombycoides WIk. pine tree sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Lasioderma serricorne (F) cigarette beetle Coleoptera Anobiidae Latheticus oryzae Waterh. ongheaded flour Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Lathridius minutus (L.) Squarenosed fungus Coleoptera Lathridiidae beetle Latrodectus varioius Walck. northern widow Araneae Theridiidae spider Lema i. trilinea White hreelined potato Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Lepidosaphes tiimi (L.) oystershell scale Diaspididae Lepisma Saccharina L. silverfish Lepismatidae Leptinotarsa decenlineata (Say) Colorado potato Chrysomelidae beetle Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid. western conifer-seed Coreidae bug Leptopterina dollabrata (L.) meadow plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Lepyrus nordenskioeidi Canadensis poplar-willow leaf Coleoptera Curculionidae Casey weevil Lethocerus americantis (Leidy) giant water bug Heteroptera Belostomatidae Leucoma Salicis (L.) Satin moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Ligyrus gibbosus (DeG.) carrot beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Lilioceris iiii (Scop.) ily leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Limenitis a. arthemis (Drury) white admiral Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Limenitis archippus (Cram.) viceroy Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Limenitis arthemis astyanax (F.) redspotted purple Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Limonius agoniis (Say) eastern field Coleoptera Elateridae wireworm Limonius Californicus (Man.) Sugarbeetwireworm Coleoptera Elateridae LimonitiScantis LeC. Pacific Coast Coleoptera Elateridae wireworm Limonius infiscatus Mots. western field Coleoptera Elateridae wireworm Limothrips denticornis Hal. barley thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Linognathuis Ovilius (Nm.) sheep Sucking louse Anoplura Linognathidae Linognathus pedalis (Osb.) sheep foot louse Anoplura Linognathidae Linognathus Setosus (Olf.) dog Sucking louse Anoplura Linognathidae Linognathus Stenopsis (Burm.) goat Sucking louse Anoplura Linognathidae Linognathus vitutii (L.) longnosed cattle louse Anoplura Linognathidae Linsleyasphaericollis (Say) ash blister beetle Coleoptera Meloidae Lipaphis erysimi (Kltb.) turnip aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Lipeziris Caponis (L.) wing louse Mallophaga Philopteridae Liriomyza Saiivae Blanch. vegetable leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Listronotus Oregonensis (LeC.) carrot weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Lithophane antennata (Wilk.) green fruitworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lixus concavus Say rhubarb curcuilo Coleoptera Curculionidae Lobophora nivigerata Wilk. twolined aspen looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Lochmaeus bilineata (Pack.) elm prominent Lepi O (8. Notodontidae Lochmaeus manteo Dbly. variable oakleaf Lepi O (8. Notodontidae caterpillar Lomographa semiclarata (Wilk.) wild cherry looper Lepi (8. Geometridae Lophocampa Carvae Harr. hickory tussock moth Lepi (8. Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harr. spotted tussock moth Lepi (8. Arctiidae Loxostege cererais (Zell.) alfalfa webworm Lepi (8. Pyralidae Loxostege Sticticalis (L.) beet webworm Lepi (8. Pyralidae Lucia sericaia (Meig.) sheep blow fly Diptera Caliphoridae Lycaeides idas (L.) northern blue Lepi (8. Lycaenidae Lycaena dorcas (Kby.) dorcas copper Lepi (8. Lycaenidae Lycaena epixanthe (Bdv. &LeC.) bog copper Lepi (8. Lycaenidae Lycaena phiaeas americana Harr. American copper Lepi (8. Lycaenidae Lycia ursaria (WIk.) stout spanworm Lepi (8. Geometridae Lyctus linearis (Goeze) cosmopolitan Coleoptera Lyctidae powderpost beetle Lyctus pianicolis LeC. southern lyctus beetle Coleoptera Lyctidae Lygidea mendax Reut. apple red bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygocoris Carvae (Knight) hickory plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygocoris communis (Knight) green apple bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygocoris communis (Knight) pear plant bug Heteroptera Miridae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 54

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Lygocoris quercalhae (Knight) oak plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygus eistt.S Van D. lucerne plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygus eistt.S Van D. pale legume bug Heteroptera Miridae Lygus hespertis Knight western tarnished Heteroptera Miridae plant bug Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.) tarnished plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Lymantria dispar (L.) gypsy moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Lytta nuttali Say Nuttablister beetle Coleoptera Meloidae Macrodactylus subspinostis (F) rose chafer Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Macronocinia. Onlista Grt. iris borer Lepidoptera Noctuidae Macropsis trimaculata (Fitch) plum leafhopper domoptera Cicadellidae Macrosiphoniella Sanborni (Gill.) chrysanthemum aphid domoptera Aphidiidae Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.) potato aphid domoptera Aphidiidae Macrosiphum rosae (L.) rose aphid domoptera Aphidiidae Macrosteles quadrilineatus Fbs. aster leafhopper domoptera Cicadellidae Magdalis armicollis (Say) red elm bark weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Magdalis barbita (Say) black elm bark weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Magicicada Septendecim (L.) periodical cicada domoptera Cicadidae Maiacosoma americanum (F.) eastern tent caterpillar Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae Maiacosoma Californicum prairie tent caterpillar Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae lutescens (N. &D.) Maiacosoma Californicum pluviale northern tent Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae (Dyar) caterpillar Maiacosoma disstria Hbn. orest tent caterpillar Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae Mamestra configurata Wilk. bertha armyworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Mandaica quinquemaculata (Haw.) omato hornworm Lepidoptera Sphingidae Manduca sexta (L.) obacco hornworm Lepidoptera Sphingidae Mantis religiosa L. praying mantis Mantodea. Mantidae Mantis religiosa L. European mantid Mantodea. Mantidae Marmara elotella (Bsk.) apple barkminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Marmara fasciella (Cham.) white pine barkminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Marmara pomonella Bsk. apple fruitminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Maisticoccits macrocicatrices white pine fungus Homoptera Margarodidae Rich. Scale Matsucoccus resinosae B. &God. red pine scale Homoptera Margarodidae Mayetiola carpophaga (Tripp) spruce seed midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Mayetiola destructor (Say) Hessian fly Diptera Cecidomyiidae Mayetiola piceae (Felt) spruce gall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Mayetiola thuiae (Hed.) western red cedar Diptera Cecidomyiidae cone midge Mecas confisa C. &L. poplar gall borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Megachiie rotundata (F) alfalfa leafcutting bee Hymenoptera Megachilidae Megacyllene robiniae (Först.) ocust borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae MegaStigmi is a tedius WIk. Spruce seed chalcid Hymenoptera Torymidae MegaStigmits laricis Marc. arch seed chalcid Hymenoptera Torymidae Megasiigntispinus Parf. ir seed chalcid Hymenoptera Torymidae MegaStigmits specularis Walley balsam fir seed Hymenoptera Torymidae chalcid MegaStigmisspermotrophus Douglas-fir seed Hymenoptera Torymidae Wachtl chalcid Megisto cymeia (Cram.) ittle wood satyr Lepidoptera Satyridae Melanchira picta (Harr.) Zebra caterpillar Lepidoptera Noctuidae Melanolophia canadaria (Gn.) variable redmarked Lepidoptera Geometridae ooper Melanolophia imitata (Wilk.) greenstriped forest Lepidoptera Geometridae ooper Melanophila acuminata (DeG.) black fire beetle Coleoptera Buprestidae Melanopius bivittatus (Say) twostriped Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Melanopius borealis (Fieb.) northern grasshopper Orthoptera Acrididae Melanopius femurrubrum (DeG.) redlegged Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Melanopius packardii Scudd. Packard grasshopper Orthoptera Acrididae Melanopius Sanguinipes (F) migratory Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Melanopilus spretus (Walsh) Rocky Mountain Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Melittia cucurbitae (Harr.) Squash vine borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Meloe americantis Leach buttercup oil beetle Coleoptera Meloidae Meiophagus Ovinits (L.) sheepked Diptera Hippoboscidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 55

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Menacanthus stramineus (Nitz.) chicken body louse Mallophaga Menoponidae Menopon gallinae (L.) shaft louse Mallophaga Menoponidae Merhynchites bicolor (F.) rose curculio Coleoptera Rhynchitidae Merodon equestris (F) narcissus bulb fly Diptera Syrphidae Meromyza americana Fitch wheat stem maggot Diptera Chloropidae Meroptera pravella (Girt.) lesser aspen Lepidoptera Pyralidae webworm Mesolecanium nigrofasciatin terrapin scale Homoptera Coccidae (Perg.) Messa nana (Klug) early birch leaf Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae edgeminer Messa populifoliella (Towns.) poplar leafmining Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Metopolophium dirhodium (WIk.) rose-grass aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Micrurapteryx salicifoliella willow leafminer Coleoptera Cerambycidae (Cham.) Mindarus abietinus Koch balsam twig aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Monochamus marmorator Kby. balsam firsawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Monochamus mutator LeC. spotted pine Sawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Monochamus notatus (Drury) northeastern Sawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Monochantis S. Sctitellatus (Say) whitespotted Sawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Monochantis Scutteillaints Oregon firsawyer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Oregonensis (LeC.) Monochroa fragariae (Bsk.) strawberry Lepidoptera Gelechiidae crownminer Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.) cedar sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Monoctenus suffusus (Cress.) arborvitae sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Monomorium minimum (Buckl.) ittle black ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Monomorium pharaonis (L.) pharaoh ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Mononychus vulpeculus (F) iris weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Monophadnoides geniculatiis raspberry sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae (Htg.) Mordwiikoia vagabunda (Walsh) poplar vagabond Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Mulsantina picta (Rand.) pine lady beetle Coleoptera Coccinellidae Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) harlequin bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Musca autumna is DeG. ace fly Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica L. house fly Diptera Muscidae Muscina stabulans (Fall.) alse stable fly Diptera Muscidae Mycetophagus quadriguittatus spotted hairy fungus Coleoptera Mycetophagidae Mill. beetle Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster shallot aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Myzus cerasi (F) black cherry aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Myzus persicae (Sulz.) green peach aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Nacerdes melanura (L.) wharfborer Coleoptera Oedemeridae Nacophora quernaria (J. E. Smith) oak beauty Lepidoptera Geometridae Nadata gibbosa (J. E. Smith) yellowlined Lepidoptera Notodontidae caterpillar Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) clover aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Necrobia ruficollis (F) redshouldered ham Coleoptera Cleridae beetle Necrobia rufipes (DeG.) redleggedham beetle Coleoptera Cleridae Nemapogon graneia (L.) European grain moth Lepidoptera Tineidae Nematocampa resistania (H.-S.) filament bearer Lepidoptera Geometridae Nematus ribesii (Scop.) imported Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Currantworn Nemocestes incomptus (Horn) woods weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Nemoria minosaria (Gn.) flanged looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Neochlamisuscribripennis (LeC.) blueberry case beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Neoclytus actiminatiis (F.) redheaded ash borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Neoclytus caprea (Say) banded ash borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) balsam firsawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion burkei Midd. lodgepole Sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) redheaded pine Hymenoptera Diprionidae sawfly Neodiprion n. manulus Schedl red pine sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion pinetum (Nort.) white pine sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. jack pine sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion rugiftons Midd. redheaded jack pine Hymenoptera Diprionidae sawfly US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 56

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff) European pine sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neodiprion Swainei Midd. Swainejack pine Hymenoptera Diprionidae sawfly Neodiprion tsugae Midd. hemlock sawfly Hymenoptera Diprionidae Neohydatothrips tiliae (Hood) basswood thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Neophasia menapia (C. &R. F.) pine white Lepidoptera Pieridae Nephelodes minians Gn. bronzed cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Nephopterix subcaesiella (Clem.) ocust leafroller Lepidoptera Pyralidae Nephopterix subfiscelia (Rag.) striped Sumac Lepidoptera Pyralidae eafroller Nepytia canosaria (Wilk.) alse hemlock looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Nepytia freemani Mun. western false hemlock Lepidoptera Geometridae ooper Nepytia phantasmaria (Stkr.) phantom hemlock Lepidoptera Geometridae ooper Neurotoma inconspicua (Nort.) plum webspinning Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae Sawfly Niptus hololeucus (Fald.) golden spider beetle Coleoptera Ptinidae Nites betulella (Bsk.) blackdotted birch Lepidoptera Oecophoridae eaftier Nites groteila (Rob.) hazel leaftier Lepidoptera Oecophoridae Nodonota puncticollis (Say) rose leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Nomia melanderi Ck. alkalibee Hymenoptera Halictidae Nonius pygmaeus (Dej.) stink beetle Coleoptera Carabidae Nomophila nearctica Mun. celery stalkworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Nosopsyllius fasciatus (Bosc) northern rat flea Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Nymphalis antiopa (L.) mourningcloak Lepidoptera Nymphalidae butterfly Nymphalis antiopa (L.) spiny elm caterpillar Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Nymphalis californica (Bdv.) California Lepidoptera Nymphalidae ortoiseshell Nymphalis vau-album (D. &S.) Compton tortoiseshell Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Nysius niger Baker northern false chinch Heteroptera Lygaeidae bug Oberea bimaculata (Oliv.) raspberry cane borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Oberea Schaumi LeC. poplar branch borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Obolodipiosis robiniae (Hald.) ocust gall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Obrussa ochrefasciella (Cham.) hard maple budminer Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Odontopus Caiceatus (Say) tuliptree leafminer Coleoptera Curculionidae Odontota dorsalis (Thunb.) ocust leafminer Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Oecanthus fultoni T. J. Wilk. Snowy tree cricket Grylloptera Gryllidae Oecanthus nigricornis Wilk. blackhorned tree Grylloptera Gryllidae cricket Oecanthus quadriptinctatus Beut. ourspotted tree Grylloptera Gryllidae cricket Oeciactis vicaritis Horv. Swallow bug Heteroptera Cimicidae Oeneis chryxus (Dbly. &Hew.) chryxus arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oeneis jutta (Hbn.) iutta arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oeneis macounii (Edw.) MacOun arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oeneis polixenes (F.) polixenes arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oeneis targete Gey. whiteveined arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oenensis melissa (F) melissa arctic Lepidoptera Satyridae Oestrils ovis L. sheep botfly Diptera Oestridae Olethreutes permundana (Clem.) raspberry leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Oligocentria ignicolor (Wilk.) lacecapped caterpillar Lepidoptera Notodontidae Oligonychus praiensis (Banks) Banks grass mite Acari Tetranychidae Oligonychus tintinguis (Jac.) spruce spider mite Acari Tetranychidae Omanodus floralis (L.) narrownecked grain Coleoptera Anthicidae beetle Onias Saccaius (LeC.) Sagebrush weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Oncideres cingulata (Say) twig girdler Coleoptera Cerambycidae Oncopeiitis fasciatus (Dall.) large milkweed bug Heteroptera Lygaeidae Operophiera bruceata (Hulst) Bruce spanworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Operophiera brumata (L.) winter moth Lepidoptera Geometridae Orgyia antiqua (L.) rusty tussock moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Orgia leucostigma (J. E. Smith) whitemarked tussock Lepidoptera Lymantriidae moth Orgyia pseudotsugata (McD.) Douglas-fir tussock Lepidoptera Lymantriidae moth US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 57

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst) tropical rat mite Acari Macronyssidae Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (C. &F.) northern fowl mite Acari Macronyssidae Ortholiepis pasadamia (Dyar) striped birch pyralid Lepidoptera Pyralidae Orthosia hibisci (Gn.) speckled green Lepidoptera Noctuidae fruitworm Orthosia revicta (Morr.) rusty whitesided Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) merchant grain beetle Coleoptera Cuculidae Oryzaephilus stirinamensis (L.) Sawtoothed grain Coleoptera Cuculidae beetle Oscinella frit (L.) frit fly Chloropidae Ostrinia nubialis (Hbn.) European corn borer Pyralidae Ostrinia obumbrataiis (Led.) Smartweed borer Pyralidae Otiorhynchus ligustici (L.) alfalfa snout beetle Curculionidae Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) strawberry root Curculionidae weevil Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus rough strawberry Coleoptera Curculionidae (Goeze) weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) black vine weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Otobius megnini (Dugès) ear tick Acari Argasidae Otodecies cynotis (Her.) ear mite Acari Psoroptidae Outlema melanopus (L.) cereal leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Pachypsylla celtidismamma hackberry nipplegall Homoptera Psyllidae (Fletcher) maker Pachyrhinus ferrugineus (Casey) rusty pineneedle Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Pachysphinx modesta (Harr.) big poplar sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Paieacrita vernata (Peck) spring cankerworm Lepidoptera Geometridae Paiorus ratzeburgii (Wissm.) Smalleyed flour beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Paiorus subdepressus (Woll.) depressed flour beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Palpita magniferalis (WIk.) ash leafroller Lepidoptera Pyralidae Paithis angulais (Hbn.) spruce harlequin Lepidoptera Noctuidae Pamphilius ochreipes (Cress.) viburnum Hymenoptera Pamphiliidae webspinning sawfly Pandemis canadiana Kft. green aspen leaftier Lepidoptera Tortricidae Pandemis limitata (Rob.) threelined leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Panonychus ulmi (Koch) European red mite Acari Tetranychidae Panthea acronyctoides (Wilk.) tufted spruce Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Panthea furcilla (Pack.) tufted white pine Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Paonias excaecatus (J. E. Smith) blindeyed sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Paonias myops (J. E. Smith) Smalleyed sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Papaipema cataphracia (Girt.) Lepidoptera Noctuidae Papaipema nebris (Gn.) Lepidoptera Noctuidae Papilio brevicauda Saund. Lepidoptera Papilionidae Swallowtail Papilio Canadensis (R. &J.) Canadian tiger Lepidoptera Papilionidae Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Cram. giant Swallowtail Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio cresphontes Cram. orangedog Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio glaucus L. iger Swallowtail Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papiliopolyxenes asterias Stoll parsleyworm Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papiliopolyxenes asterias Stoll celery worm Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papiliopolyxenes asterias Stoll black Swallowtail Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilio troilus L. spicebush Swallowtail Lepidoptera Papilionidae Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch) maple leafcutter Lepidoptera incurvariidae Paradipiosis titmifex Gagn, balsam gall midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Paraleucoptera albeila (Cham.) cottonwood leafminer Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae Parandra brunnea brunnea (F.) pole borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Paraphytomyza populicola (Wilk.) Lombardy leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Paraprociphilus tessellatus (Fitch) woolly alder aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc) omato psyllid Homoptera Psyllidae Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc) potato psyllid Homoptera Psyllidae Parcobiatta pennsylvanica (DeG.) Pennsylvania wood Blattodea Blattellidae cockroach Parectopa robiniella Clem. ocust digitate Lepidoptera Gracillariidae eafminer US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 58

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Paria fragariae Wilcox strawberry rootworm Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Parornix geminatella Pack. unspotted tentiform Lepidoptera Gracillariidae eafminer Parthenolecanium corni (Bouch.) European fruit Homoptera Coccidae ecanium Parthenolecanium persicae (F) European peach scale Homoptera Coccidae Parthenolecanium quercifex oak lecanium Homoptera Coccidae (Fitch) Pediculus humanus capitis DeG. head louse Anoplura Pediculidae Pedicatius humanus humanus L. body louse Anoplura Pediculidae Pegomya hyoscyami (Panz.) spinach leafminer Diptera Anthomyiidae Pegomya rubivora (Coq.) raspberry cane Diptera Anthomyiidae maggot Pegomya spp. beetleafminer Diptera Anthomyiidae Pemphigus bursarius (L.) ettuce aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Pemphigus populitransversus Riley poplar petiolegall Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Pemphigus populivenae Fitch Sugarbeet root aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Pennisetia marginata (Harr.) raspberry crown borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Peranabrus scabricollis (Thos.) coulee cricket Grylloptera Tettigoniidae Peridroma saucia (Hbn.) variegated cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Perilius bioculatus (F.) twospotted Stink bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Periphyllus lyropictus (Kess.) Norway maple aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Periphyllus negundinis (Thos.) boxelder aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Periplaneta americana (L.) American cockroach Blattodea Blattidae Periplaneta australasiae (F) Australian cockroach Blattodea Blattidae Periplaneta brunnea Burm. brown cockroach Blattodea Blattidae Petrobia latens (Mill.) brown wheat mite Tetranychidae Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.) northern pitch twig Tortricidae moth Petrova Comstockiana (Fern.) pitch twig moth Tortricidae Phenacoccus aceris (Sign.) apple mealybug Pseudococcidae Phenacocci is gossypii T. &C. Mexican mealybug Pseudococcidae Pheosia rimosa Pack. alse hornworm Notodontidae Phigalia titea (Cram.) spiny looper Geometridae Philaenus splinarius (L.) meadow Spittlebug Cercopidae Philoeosinus canadensis Swaine northern cedar bark Scolytidae beetle Phloeosini is punctatus LeC. western cedar bark Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Phloeotribus liminaris (Harr.) peach bark beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Phobetron pithecium (J. E. Smith) hag moth Lepidoptera Limacodidae Pholisora catullus (F) common Sooty wing Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Phormia regina (Meig.) black blow fly Diptera Caliphoridae Phorodon humuli (Schr.) hop aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Phragmatobia assimilans WIk. dusky red tiger moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Phragmatobia fuliginosa rubricosa ruby tiger moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae (Harr.) Phratorap. purpurea Brown aspen skeletonizer Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) potato tuberworm Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Phyciodes batesii (Reak.) awny crescent Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Phyciodes selenis (Kby.) northern pearl Lepidoptera Nymphalidae crescent Phyllobius intrusus Kono arborvitae weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Phyllobius oblongus (L.) European Snout beetle Coleoptera Curculionidae Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. aspen serpentine Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae eafminer Phylocolpa bozemani (Cooley) poplar leaffolding Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Phylocolpa populeia (Ross) poplar edgefolding Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Phyllodesma americana (Harr.) appet moth Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae Phyllonorycter apparella (H.-S.) aspen leafblotch Lepidoptera Gracillariidae miner Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) spotted tentiform Lepidoptera Gracillariidae eafminer Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clem.) apple blotch Lepidoptera Gracillariidae eafminer Phyllonorycter lucetiella (Clem.) basswood Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Squareblotch miner US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 59

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Phyllonorycter lucidicostella lesser maple Lepidoptera Gracillariidae (Clem.) leafblotch miner Phyllonorycter nipigon (Free.) balsam poplar Lepidoptera Gracillariidae leafblotch miner Phyllonorycter populiella (Cham.) poplar leafminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter propinquinella cherry blotchminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae (Braun) Phyllonorycter salicifoliella willow leafblotch Lepidoptera Gracillariidae (Cham.) miner Phyllonorycter tiliacella (Cham.) basswood Lepidoptera Gracillariidae roundblotch miner Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella aspen blotchminer Lepidoptera Gracillariidae (Braun) Phyllophaga fisca (Frö.) northern June beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Phyllophaga futilis (LeC.) lesser June beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Phyllophaga rugosa (Melsh.) rugose June beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Phylloireta albionica (LeC.) cabbage flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Phylloireta armoraciae (Koch) horseradish flea Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Phylloireta cruciferae (Goeze) crucifer flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Phylloireta pusilla Horn western black flea Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Phylloireta robusta LeC. garden flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Phylloireta striolata (F) striped flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Physokermes piceae (Schr.) spruce bud scale Homoptera Coccidae Phytobia amelanchieris (Greene) amelanchier twig Diptera Agromyzidae borer Phytobia betulivora Spencer birch cambium miner Diptera Agromyzidae Phytobiasetosa (Loew) red maple cambium Diptera Agromyzidae borer Phytomyza ilicis Curt. holly leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) cyclamen mite Acari Tarsonemidae Pieris napi (L.) mustard white Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieris rapae (L.) cabbage butterfly Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieris rapae (L.) imported Lepidoptera Pieridae cabbageworm Pieris virginiensis (Edw.) West Virginia white Lepidoptera Pieridae Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) yellowheaded spruce Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) greenheaded spruce Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Pineus floccus (Patch) red spruce adelgid Homoptera Adelgidae Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) pine leafadelgid Homoptera Adelgidae Pineus similis (Gill.) ragged spruce gall Homoptera Adelgidae adelgid Pineus strobi (Htg.) pine barkadelgid Homoptera Adelgidae Piophila casei (L.) cheese skipper Diptera Piophilidae Pissodes memorensis Germ. northern pine weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Pissodes rotundatus LeC. Small spruce weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Pissodes striatulus (F.) balsam bark weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Pissodes strobi (Peck) white pine weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Pissodes terminalis Hopping lodgepole terminal Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Pityoikteines sparsiis (LeC.) balsam fir bark beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Plagiodera versicolora (Laich.) imported willow leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl. obscure plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Planococcus citri (Risso) citrus mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Platycotis vittata (F) oak treehopper Homoptera Membracidae Plebeius Saepiolus (Bdv.) greenish blue Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Pieroneura brunneicornis Roh. balsam shootboring Hymenoptera Xyelidae sawfly Plodia interpunctella (Hbn.) Indianmeal moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Plutella xylostella (L.) diamondback moth Lepidoptera Plutellidae Pnyxia scabiei (Hopk.) potato scab gnat Diptera Sciaridae Poanes hobomok (Harr.) Hobomok skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Poanes viator (Edw.) broadwinged skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Pococera aplastella (Hulst) aspen webworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Pococera asperatella (Clem.) maple webworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Pococera expandens (WIk.) striped oak webworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 60

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Family

Pococera militella (Zell.) Sycamore webworm Olea Pyralidae Pococera robustella (Zell.) pine webworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Podapion gallicola Riley pine gall weevil p Apionidae Podisus maculiventris (Say) spined soldier bug Heteroptera Pentatomidae Podosesia Syringae (Harr.) ilac borer (8. Sesiidae Podosesia Syringae (Harr.) ash borer (8. Sesiidae Poeciocapstis lineatus (F) ourlined plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Pogonomyrmex Occidentalis western harvester ant Hymenoptera Formicidae (Cress.) Polites mystic (Edw.) ong dash Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Polites peckius (Kby.) Peck skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Polites themistocles (Latr.) awnyedged skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Pollenia rudis (F.) cluster fly Diptera Caliphoridae Polychrysia moneta (F.) delphinium cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Polydrusus impressifions (Gyll.) pale green weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Polygonia comma (Harr.) hop merchant Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia faintis (Edw.) green comma Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia graciis (G. &R.) noary comma Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia interrogationis (F.) question mark Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia progne (Cram.) gray comma Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia Satyrus (Edw.) Satyr anglewing Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygraphits rufipennis (Kby.) oureyed spruce bark Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Polyphylla decemlineata (Say) enlined June beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Pontania proxima (Lep.) willow redgall sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Pontania s-pomum (Walsh) willow applegall Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Pontia Occidentalis (Reak.) checkered white Lepidoptera Pieridae cabbageworm Pontia Occidentalis (Reak.) western checkered Lepidoptera Pieridae white Pontia protodice (Bdv. &LeC.) checkered white Lepidoptera Pieridae Popiilia japonica Newm. apanese beetle Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Prionoxystus macmurtrei (Guér.) ittle carpenterworm Lepidoptera Cossidae Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck) carpenterworn Lepidoptera Cossidae Prionus laticollis (Drury) broadnecked root Coleoptera Cerambycidae Cre Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) arch sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) mountain-ash sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Pristiphora lena Kinc. ittle spruce sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Probole amicaria (H.-S.) redcheeked looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Prochoerodes transversata arge maple Lepidoptera Geometridae (Drury) spanworm Prodipiosis mornisi Gagn, eafcurl midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Profenusa canadensis (Marl.) hawthorn leafmining Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Profenusa lucifex (Ross) oak leafmining sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) ambermarked birch Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae eafminer Proserpinus flavofasciata (WIk.) yellowbanded day Lepidoptera Sphingidae sphinx Proteoteras aescuiana Riley maple twig borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Proteoteras mofatiana Fern. maple shoot borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Proteoteras willingana (Kft.) boxelder twig borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Protoboarmia porcelania dashlined looper Lepidoptera Geometridae indicataria (Wilk.) Protophormia terraenovae (Rob.- northern blow fly Diptera Caliphoridae Desv.) Pseudaletia uniptincta (Haw.) armyworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Pseudexentera Cressoniana oak olethreutid Lepidoptera Tortricidae (Clem.) leafroller Pseudexeniera maii Free. pale apple leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Pseudococcus Comstocki (Kuw.) Comstock mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Pseudococciis longispinus (Targ.) longtailed mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrh.) grape mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Pseudopitiyophthorits minutissinus oak bark beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae (Zimm.) Pseudopitiyophthorits pubipennis western oak bark Coleoptera Scolytidae (LeC.) beetle US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 61

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Pseudosciaphila duplex (Wilsm.) poplar leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Psila rosae (F) carrotrust fly Diptera Psilidae Psiloconsis cryptolechiella twoleaf tier Lepidoptera Oecophoridae (Cham.) Psiloconsis querciceila Clem. oak leaftier Lepidoptera Oecophoridae Psiloconsis reflexeila Clem. flat leaftier Lepidoptera Oecophoridae Psinidia f. fenestralis (Aud.-Serv.) longhorned Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Psoropies equii (Rasp.) Scab mite Acari Psoroptidae Psoroptes ovis (Her.) sheep scab mite Acari Psoroptidae Psorosina hammondi (Riley) appleleaf skeletonizer Lepidoptera Pyralidae Psylla striata Patch birch psyllid Homoptera Psyllidae Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. hop flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Pterocomma Smithiae (Monell) black willow aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Pihirus pubis (L.) crab louse Pediculidae Pinus clavipes Panz. brown spider beetle Coleoptera Ptinidae Pinus fur (L.) whitemarked spider Coleoptera Ptinidae beetle Pinus ocelius Brown Australian spider Coleoptera Ptinidae beetle Pinus raptor Sturm eastern spider beetle Coleoptera Ptinidae Pinus villiger (Reitter) hairy spider beetle Coleoptera Ptinidae Ptycholoma peritana (Clem.) garden tortrix Lepidoptera Tortricidae Pulex irritans (L.) human flea Siphonaptera Pulicidae Pulvinaria amygdali Ckll. cottony peach scale Homoptera Coccidae Pulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathv.) cottony maple scale Homoptera Coccidae Puto cupressi (Colm.) fir mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Puto Sandini Wash. spruce mealybug Homoptera Pseudococcidae Pyemotes tritici (L.-F. &M.) straw itch mite Acari Pyemotidae Pyralis farinalis L. meal moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur) grizzled skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Pyrrharctia isabella (J. E. Smith) banded woollybear Lepidoptera Arctiidae Pyrrhia umbra (Hufn.) rose budworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Puadraspidiotis iuglandsregiae walnut scale Homoptera Diaspididae (Comst.) Puadraspidiotis Ostreaeformis European fruit scale Homoptera Diaspididae (Curt.) Puadraspidiotis perniciosus San Jose scale Homoptera Diaspididae (Comst.) Rabdophaga rigidae (O.S.) willow beakedgall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Rabdophaga Salicisbatatas (O.S.) willow potatogall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Rabdophaga Salicisbrassicoides willow cabbagegall Diptera Cecidomyiidae (Pack.) midge Rabdophaga strobiloides (O.S.) willow pinecone gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Raphia frater Grt. yellowmarked Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Recurvaria nanella (D. &S.) lesser bud moth Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Reduvius personatus (L.) masked hunter Heteroptera Reduviidae Reticuliterimes flavipes (Koll.) eastern Subterranean soptera Rhinotermitidae termite Reticuliterimes hesperus Banks western Subterranean soptera Rinotermitidae termite Rhabdopterus picipes (Oliv.) cranberry rootworm Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Rhagoietis Cingulata (Loew) cherry fruit fly Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis Cingulata (Loew) cherry maggot Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis completa Cress. husk maggot Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis completa Cress. walnut husk fly Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis fausta (O.S.) black cherry fruit fly Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis indifferens Curran western cherry fruit Diptera Tephritidae fly Rhagoietis mendax Curran blueberry maggot Diptera Tephritidae Rhagoietis pomonella (Walsh) apple maggot Diptera Tephritidae Rhaxonycha carolina (F.) Carolina cantharid Coleoptera Cantharidae Rheumaptera hastata (L.) spearmarked black Lepidoptera Geometridae moth Rhipicephalus Sanginetis (Latr.) brown dog tick Acari Ixodidae Rhizoglyphus echinopus (F. &R.) bulb mite Acari Acaridae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 62

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Rhopalomyia chrysanthemi (Ahlb.) chrysanthemum gall Diptera Cecidomyiidae midge Rhopalosiphum fitchi (Sand.) apple grain aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) corn leaf aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Rhopaiosiphum padi (L.) oat-birdcherry aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.) blackheaded Lepidoptera Tortricidae fireworm Rhyacionia buoiana (D. &S.) European pine shoot Lepidoptera Tortricidae Ol Rhyacionia busckana Heinr. red pine shoot borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.) Nantucket pine tip Lepidoptera Tortricidae Ol Rhyacionia granti Miller jack pine shoot borer Lepidoptera Tortricidae Rhyacionia rigidana (Fern.) pitch pine tip moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Rhyacionia Sonia Miller yellow jack pine Lepidoptera Tortricidae shoot borer Rhynchaenus pallicornis (Say) apple flea weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Rhynchaenus testaceus (Mull.) birch and alder flea Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Rhyzopertha dominica (F) esser grain borer Coleoptera Bostrichidae Ribautiana tenerrima (H.-S.) bramble leafhopper Homoptera Cicadellidae Saissetia coffeae (WIk.) hemispherical scale Homoptera Coccidae Saperda calcarata Say poplar borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Saperda candida F. Saskatoon borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Saperda candida F. roundheaded Coleoptera Cerambycidae appletree borer Saperda tridentata Oliv. elm borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Saperda vestita Say inden borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Sarcophaga aldrichi Park. arge flesh fly Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcopies scabiei (DeG.) itch mite Acari Sarcoptidae Satyrium acadicum (Edw.) Acadian hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Satyrium calanus (Hbn.) banded hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Satyrium caryaevorum (McD.) hickory hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Satyrium edwardsii (G. &R.) Edwards hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Satyrium liparops (LeC.) striped hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Satyrodes eurydice (Johan.) eyed brown Lepidoptera Satyridae Schinia florida (Gn.) primrose moth Lepidoptera Noctuidae Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) greenbug Homoptera Aphidiidae Schizoiachnus piniradiatae (Dav.) woolly pineneedle Homoptera Aphidiidae aphid Schizura concinna (J. E. Smith) redhumped caterpillar Lepidoptera Notodontidae Schizura ipomoeae Dbly. oak-maple humped Lepidoptera Notodontidae caterpillar Schizura unicorns (J. E. Smith) unicorn caterpillar Notodontidae Sciopithes obscurus Horn obscure root weevil Curculionidae Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.) herald moth Noctuidae Scolytus mali (Bech.) arger shothole borer Scolytidae Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) European elm bark Scolytidae beetle Scolytus quadrispinostis Say hickory bark beetle Scolytidae Scolytus rugliostis (Mill.) shothole borer Scolytidae Scolytus isligae (Swaine) hemlock engraver Scolytidae Scolytus timispinostis LeC. Douglas-fir engraver Scolytidae Scolytus ventralis LeC. ir engraver Scolytidae Scudderia furcata B. von W. orktailed bush Tettigoniidae katydid Scutigerella immaculata (Newp.) garden Symphylan Scutigerellidae Semanoints lignetis (F) cedartree borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Semanoints litigiostis (Casey) irtree borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Senioihisa granitata (Gn.) green spruce looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Semiothisa ocellinata (Gn.) ocust looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Senioihisa Sexmaculata (Pack.) green larch looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Senioihisa signaria displincia spruce-fir looper Lepidoptera Geometridae (WIk.) Sesia tibialis (Harr.) cottonwood crown Lepidoptera Sesiidae borer Setoptusionesi (Keif.) red pine needle mite Acari Phytoptidae Sicya macularia (Harr.) twopronged looper Lepidoptera Geometridae Simuium arcticum Malloch northern black fly Diptera Simuliidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 63

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Simulium venustum Say whitestockinged Diptera Simuliidae black fly Simuium vittatum Zett. striped black fly Diptera Simuliidae Sinea diadema (F) spined assassin bug Heteroptera Reduviidae Sirex cyaneus F. blue horntail Hymenoptera Siricidae Sirexitiven cuisitivenciis (L.) European blue Hymenoptera Siricidae horntail Sitobion avenae (F) English grain aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Sitodipiosis mosellana (Gehin) wheat midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Sitona cylindricollis (Fähr.) Sweetcover weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitona hispidulus (F.) clover root curculio Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitona lineatus (L.) pea leaf weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitophilus granarius (L.) granary weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) rice weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) Angoumois grain Lepidoptera Gelechiidae Ol Smerinthus cerisyi Kby. willow sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Smerinthus jamaicensis (Drury) twinspot sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Solenopsis moiesia (Say) thiefant Hymenoptera Formicidae Solenopies capiliatus End. little blue cattle louse Linognathidae Spaeiotis clandestina (Harr.) w-marked cutworm (CO(8 Noctuidae Spaeiotis havilae (Girt.) western w-marked Lepidoptera Noctuidae cutworn Sparganothis acerivorana MacK. maple leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Sparganothis directana (Wilk.) chokecherry leafroller Lepidoptera Tortricidae Sparganothis pettitana (Rob.) maple-basswood Lepidoptera Tortricidae leafroller Speyeria aphrodite (F) aphrodite fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Speyeria atlantis (Edw.) Atlantis fritillary Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Speyeria cybele (F) great Spangled Lepidoptera Nymphalidae fritillary Sphaerolecanium priinasiri globose scale Homoptera Coccidae (Fonsc.) Spharagemon collare (Scudd.) mottled sand Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Sphinx canadensis Bdv. northern ash sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx chersis (Hbn.) great ash sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx drupiferarum J. E. Smith wild cherry sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx drupiferarum J. E. Smith plum sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx eremitus (Hbn.) hermit sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx gordius Cram. apple sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx kalmiae J. E. Smith laurel sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinx luscitiosa Clem. poplar-and-willow Lepidoptera Sphingidae sphinx Sphinx vashti Stkr. Snowberry sphinx Lepidoptera Sphingidae Spilonota ocellana (D. &S.) eyespotted bud moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Spilosoma virginica (F.) yellow woollybear Lepidoptera Arctiidae Spodoptera exiglia (Hbn.) beet armyworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) fall armyworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Spodoptera Ornithogali (Gn.) yellowstriped Lepidoptera Noctuidae armyworm Spodoptera praefica (Girt.) western yellowstriped Lepidoptera Noctuidae armyworm Siegobium paniceum (L.) drugstore beetle Coleoptera Anobiidae Stenolophus lecontei (Chaud.) seedcorn beetle Coleoptera Carabidae Steremnius carinatus (Boh.) conifer seedling Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Stethophyma lineatum (Scudd.) striped sedge Orthoptera Acrididae grasshopper Sthenopis argenteomachiatus alder root borer Lepidoptera Hepialidae (Harr.) Stictocephala bisonia K. &Y. buffalo treehopper Homoptera Membracidae Stictoleptura canadensis Oliv. redshouldered pine Coleoptera Cerambycidae borer Stilbosis ostryaeella (Cham.) ironwood leafminer Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) stable fly Diptera Muscidae Strauzia longipennis (Wied.) Sunflower maggot Diptera Tephritidae Strobiomyia appalachensis black spruce cone Diptera Anthomyiidae Micheisen maggot Strobiomyia laricis Michelsen larch cone maggot Diptera Anthomyiidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 64

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Strobiomyia meanthracina white spruce cone Diptera Anthomyiidae Micheisen maggot Strobiomyia varia (Huckett) tamarack cone Diptera Anthomyiidae maggot Strymon melinus Hbn. gray hairstreak Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Supella longipalpa (F.) brownbanded Blattodea Blattellidae cockroach Symmerista albifrons (J. E. Smith) orangehumped Lepidoptera Notodontidae Oakworm Symmerista canicosta Franc. redhumped oakworm Lepidoptera Notodontidae Symmerista leucity's Franc. orangehumped Lepidoptera Notodontidae mapleworm Symydobius americanus Baker dark birch aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Synanthedon acerni (Clem.) maple callus borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon albicornis (Hy. Edw.) willow stem borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon bibionipennis (Bdv.) strawberry crown Lepidoptera Sesiidae moth Synanthedon decipiens (Hy. Edw.) oak gall borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) peachtree borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon pictipes (G. &R.) lesser peachtree borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon pini (Kell.) pitch mass borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon pyri (Harr.) apple bark borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon Scitula (Harr.) ogwood borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon Sequoiae (Hy. Edw.) Sequoia pitch moth Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synanthedon tipuliformis (Cl-) currant borer Lepidoptera Sesiidae Synetaferruginea (Germ.) rusty leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Syngrapha alias (Ottol.) spruce climbing Lepidoptera Noctuidae cutworn Syngrapha rectangula (Kby.) angulated cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Syngrapha selecta (Wilk.) spruce false looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Systena blanda (Melsh.) palestriped flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Systena frontalis (F.) redheaded flea beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Tabanus ineoia F. striped horse fly Diptera Tabanidae Tachycines asynamorus Adel. greenhouse stone Grylloptera Gryllacrididae cricket Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) pear thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Tapinoma Sessile (Say) odorous house ant Hymenoptera Formicidae Tarsonentis granarius Lindquist glossy grain mite Acari Tarsonemidae Teiamona tremitiata Ball aspen treehopper Homoptera Membracidae Tenebrio moitor L. yellow mealworm Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Tenebrio obscurus F. dark mealworm Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.) cadelle Coleoptera Trogositidae Tenodera aridifolia sinensis Sauss. Chinese mantid Mantodea Mantidae Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) Sugarbeet root maggot Diptera Otitidae Tethida cordigera (Beauv.) blackheaded ash Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae sawfly Tetramesa hordei (Harr.) barley jointworm Hymenoptera Eurytomidae Tetramesa Secale (Fitch) rye jointworm Hymenoptera Eurytomidae Tetramesa tritici (Fitch) wheat jointworm Hymenoptera Eurytomidae Tetranychus canadensis (McG.) fourspotted spider Acari Tetranychidae mite Tetranychus mcdanieli McG. McDaniel spider mite Acari Tetranychidae Tetranychus urticae Koch twospotted spider Acari Tetranychidae mite Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Först.) red milkweed beetle Coleoptera Cerambycidae Tetropium cinnamopterum Kby. eastern arch borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Tetropium parvulum Casey northern spruce borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Tetropium velutinum LeC. western larch borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Tetya bipunctata (H.-S.) shieldbacked pine Heteroptera Pentatomidae Seed bug Thecodipiosis piniresinosae red pine needle midge Diptera Cecidomyiidae Kearby Therioaphis riehmi (Börner) Sweetclover aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Thermobia domestica (Pack.) firebrat Thysanura Lepismatidae Thorybes pyilades (Scudd.) northern cloudy wing Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Thrips nigropilosus Uzel chrysanthemum thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Thrips simplex (Mor) gladiolus thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Thrips tabaci Lind. onion thrips Thysanoptera Thripidae Thylodrias contractus Mots. odd beetle Co leoptera Dermestidae Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) European skipper Lepidoptera Hesperiidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 65

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis bagworm Lepidoptera Psychidae (Haw.) Tibicen pruinosa (Say) dogday cicada Homoptera Cicadidae Tinea pellionella L. casemaking clothes Lepidoptera Tineidae Ol Tineola bisselliella (Hum.) webbing clothes moth Lepidoptera Tineidae Tipitia paludosa Meig. European crane fly Diptera Tipulidae Tischeria malifoliella Clem. appleleaf trumpet Lepidoptera Tischeriidae miner Tischeria quercitella Clem. oak blotchminer Lepidoptera Tischeriidae Tolype laricis (Fitch) arch lappet moth Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae Tolype veileda (Stoll) velleda lappet moth Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae Tomostethus multicinctus (Roh.) brownheaded ash Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Sawfly Tonymus varians (Wilk.) apple seed chalcid Hymenoptera Torymidae Toumeyelia iriodendri (Gmel.) tuliptree scale Homoptera Coccidae Toumeyelia parvicornis (Ckll.) pine tortoise scale Homoptera Coccidae Trachykele blondeli Marseul western cedar borer Coleoptera Buprestidae Tremex columba (L.) pigeon tremex Hymenoptera Siricidae Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly Homoptera Aleyrodidae (Westw.) Triboium audax Halst. American black flour Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Triboium castaneum (Hbst.) red flour beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Triboium confusum Duv. confused flour beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Triboium destructor Uytt. arge flour beetle Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Tribolium madens (Charp.) European black flour Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Trichiocampus simplicicornis hairy willow sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae (Nort.) Trichiocampus viminalis (Fall.) hairy poplar sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Trichiosoma triangulum Kby. giant birch sawfly Hymenoptera Cimbicidae Trichobaris trinotata (Say) potato stalk borer Coleoptera Curculionidae Trichodectes canis (DeG.) dog biting louse Mallophaga Trichodecticae Trichogramma minutum Riley minute egg parasite Hymenoptera Trichogrammatid Tricholochmaea d decora (Say) gray willow leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae beetle Tricholochnaea decora carbo Pacific willow leaf Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (LeC.) beetle Tricholochmaea vaccinii (Fall) blueberry leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Trichophaga tapetzella (L.) carpet moth Lepidoptera Tineidae Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.) cabbage looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Trichordestra legitima (Girt.) striped garden Lepidoptera Noctuidae caterpillar Trigonogenius globitius Sol. globular spider beetle Coleoptera Ptinidae Triseiacusehmanni Keif. pine needle mite Acari Phytoptidae Trisetacus grosmanni Keif. spruce bud mite Acari Phytoptidae Trisetacus grosmanni Keif. fir bud mite Acari Phytoptidae Trogiumptiisatorium (L.) larger pale booklouse Psocoptera Trogiidae Trogiumptiisatorium (L.) deathwatch Psocoptera Trogiidae Trogoderma granarium Everts Khapra beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Trogoderma inclusium LeC. larger cabinet beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Trogoderma variabile Ballion warehouse beetle Coleoptera Dermestidae Tropidostepies amoenus Reut. ash plant bug Heteroptera Miridae Typodendron betulae Swaine birch ambrosia beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae Typodendron lineatum (Oliv.) striped ambrosia Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Typodendron retusum (LeC.) poplar ambrosia Coleoptera Scolytidae beetle Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmel.) giant willow aphid Homoptera Aphidiidae Tvchiuspiciostris (F.) clover seed weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Tvchius Stephensi Schonh. red clover seed Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil Tiphaea sterCorea (L.) hairy fungus beetle Coleoptera Mycetophagidae Typhlocyba froggatti Baker yellow apple Homoptera Cicadellidae leafhopper Typhlocyba pomania McA. white apple Homoptera Cicadellidae leafhopper Tvria jacobaeae (L.) cinnabar moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Tvroichus casei Oud. cheese mite Acari Acaridae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 66

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INSECTS SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION English Common Scientific Name Name Order Family Trophagus pittrescentiae (Schr.) mold mite Acari Acaridae Udea rubigais (Gn.) celery leaftier Lepidoptera Pyralidae Udea rubigais (Gn.) greenhouse leaftier Lepidoptera Pyralidae Unaspis eutonymi (Comst.) euonymus scale Homoptera Diaspididae Upis ceramboides (L.) roughened darkling Coleoptera Tenebrionidae beetle Urocerus albicornis (F.) blackhorntail Hymenoptera Siricidae Urocerus cressoni Nort. black and red horntail Hymenoptera Siricidae Urocerus gigas flavicornis (F) banded horntail Hymenoptera Siricidae Utetheisa bella (L.) bella moth Lepidoptera Arctiidae Vanessa atalanta (L.) red admiral Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Vanessa cardtii (L.) painted lady Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Vanessa virginiensis (Drury) American painted Lepidoptera Nymphalidae lady Vasates quadripedes Shimer maple bladdergall Eriophyidae mite Vespa crabrogermana Christ European hornet Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespa crabrogermana Christ gianthornet Hymenoptera Vespidae Vesputia germanica (F.) German yellowjacket Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespula maculifions (Buys.) eastern yellowjacket Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespuia pensylvanica (Sauss.) western yellowjacket Hymenoptera Vespidae Wohlfahrtia vigil (WIk.) myiasis fly Diptera Sarcophagidae Wveomyia Smithii (Coq.) pitcherplant mosquito Diptera Culicidae Xanthia togata (Esp.) pinkbarred sallow Lepidoptera Noctuidae Xanthogaleruca luteola (Mill.) elm leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Xanthonia decemnotata (Say) tenspotted leaf beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Xanthoteras quercusforticorne oak figgall wasp Hymenoptera Cynipidae (Walsh) Xanthotypesospeta (Drury) crocus geometer Lepidoptera Geometridae Xenopsylla cheopis (Roths.) oriental rat flea Siphonaptera Pulicidae Xestia perquinitata (Morr.) gray spruce cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Xestia spp. spotted cutworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae Xestobium rufoviliosum (DeG.) deathwatch beetle Coleoptera Anobiidae Xestobium rufoviliosum (DeG.) knock beetle Coleoptera Anobiidae Xvela minor Nort. pine flower sawfly Hymenoptera Xyelidae Xylotrechus aceris Fisher gallmaking maple Coleoptera Cerambycidae Cre Xylorechus colonus (F.) rustic borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Xylorechus obliteratus LeC. poplar butt borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae Xylorechus undulatus (Say) spruce zebra beetle Coleoptera Cerambycidae Yponomeutia cognatella Hbn. euonymus webworm Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta malinella Zell. apple ermine moth Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae Ypsolopha dentella (F.) European Lepidoptera Plutellidae honeysuckle leafroller Zale heiata (Sm.) white pine false Lepidoptera Noctuidae ooper Zale lunifera (Hbn.) pine false looper ea Noctuidae Zaie metaioides McD. jack pine false looper ea Noctuidae Zale minerea (Gn.) arge false looper ea Noctuidae Zale undularis (Drury) ocust false looper ea Noctuidae Zaraea inflata Nort. honeysuckle Sawfly Hymenoptera Cimbicidae Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & spruce bud moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae Free. Zeiraphera fortunana (Kft.) yellow spruce Lepidoptera Tortricidae budworm Zeiraphera improbana (Wilk.) arch needleworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae Zeiraphera unfortunana Powell purplestriped Lepidoptera Tortricidae shootworm Zeileria hainbachi Bsk. pine needle Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae sheathminer Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr. cottonwood Coleoptera Chrysomelidae eafmining beetle Zeuzera pyrina (L.) eopard moth Lepidoptera Cossidae Zonosemata electa (Say) pepper maggot Diptera Tephritidae Zooternopsis anguisticollis Pacific dampwood soptera Termopsidae (Hagen) ermite Zophodia grossulariella (Hbn.) gooseberry fruitworm Lepidoptera Pyralidae Zygogramma exclamationis (F) Sunflower beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 67

0349 For purposes of simplicity, the term “insect' shall be are mobility-impaired such that their mobility is reduced as used through out this application; however, it should be compared to insects that have not been exposed to the com understood that the term “insect” refers, not only to insects, position. In some embodiments, disablement can be caused but also to arachnids, larvae, and like invertebrates. Also for by a disabling effect at the cellular or whole-organism level. purposes of this application, the term “insect control' shall 0354 Embodiments of the invention can be used to control refer to having a repellant effect, a pesticidal effect, or both. parasites. As used herein, the term "parasite' includes para sites, such as but not limited to, protozoa, including intestinal 0350 “Target pest” refers to the organism that is the sub protozoa, tissue protozoa, and blood protozoa. Examples of ject of the insect control effort. intestinal protozoa include, but are not limited to: Entamoeba 0351) “Repellant effect” is an effect wherein more insects hystolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium muris, and are repelled away from a host or area that has been treated Cryptosporidium parvum. Examples of tissue protozoa with the composition than a control host or area that has not include, but are not limited to: Trypanosomatida gambiense, been treated with the composition. In some embodiments, Trypanosomatida rhodesiense, Trypanosomatida crusi, repellant effect is an effect wherein at least about 75% of Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania insects are repelled away from a host or area that has been tropica, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii, and Tri treated with the composition. In some embodiments, repel chomonas vaginalis. Examples of blood protozoa include, but lant effect is an effect wherein at least about 90% of insects are not limited to Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, are repelled away from a host or area that has been treated Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium falciparum. Histo with the composition. monas meleagridis is yet another example of a protozoan 0352 “Pesticidal effect is an effect wherein treatment parasite. with a composition causes at least about 1% of the insects to 0355 As used herein, the term “parasite' further includes, die. In this regard, an LC to LCoo (lethal concentration) or but is not limited to: helminthes or parasitic worms, including an LD to LDoo (lethal dose) of a composition will cause a nematodes (round worms) and platyhelminthes (flat worms). pesticidal effect. In some embodiments, the pesticidal effect Examples of nematodes include, but are not limited to: animal is an effect wherein treatment with a composition causes at and plant nematodes of the adenophorea class, such as the least about 5% of the exposed insects to die. In some embodi intestinal nematode Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) and the ments, the pesticidal effect is an effect whereintreatment with plant nematode Trichodorus obtusus (stubby-root nema a composition causes at least about 10% of the exposed tode); intestinal nematodes of the secementea class, such as insects to die. In some embodiments, the pesticidal effect is an Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), effect wherein treatment with a composition causes at least Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Necator americanus about 25% of the insects to die. In some embodiments the (hookworm), and Strongyloides Stercoralis; and tissue nema pesticidal effect is an effect wherein treatment with a compo todes of the secementea class, such as Wuchereria bancrofti sition causes at least about 50% of the exposed insects to die. (Filaria bancrofti) and Dracunculus medimensis (Guinea In some embodiments the pesticidal effect is an effect worm). Examples of plathyeminthes include, but are not lim wherein treatment with a composition causes at least about ited to: Trematodes (flukes), including blood flukes, such as 75% of the exposed insects to die. In some embodiments the Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal Schistosomiasis), Schisto pesticidal effect is an effect wherein treatment with a compo Soma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum; liver sition causes at least about 90% of the exposed insects to die. flukes, such as Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantica; 0353 “Disablement is an effect wherein insects are intestinal flukes, such as Heterophyes heterophyes; and lung mobility-impaired such that their mobility is reduced as com flukes such as Paragonimus westermani. Examples of plath pared to insects that have not been exposed to the composi eminthes further include, but are not limited to: Cestodes tion. In some embodiments, disablement is an effect wherein (tapeworms), including Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, at least about 75% of insects are mobility-impaired such that Hymenolepis nana, and Echinococcus granulosus. their mobility is reduced as compared to insects that have not 0356. Furthermore, the term “parasite” further includes, been exposed to the composition. In some embodiments, but is not limited to those organisms and classes of organisms disablement is an effect wherein at least about 90% of insects listed in the following table:

TABLE 6

PARASITES SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Parasite (Genus) (Species) Context Protozoa (Sub-groups: rhizopods, flagellates, ciliate, sporozoans) Entamoeba coi Example of gut rhizopod that can Switch from dispar commensal to parasite depending on circumstances. histolytica Several species are found in humans. E. histolytica gingivais is the pathogen responsible for amoebiasis (which includes amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses). Baiantidium coi Example of parasitic ciliate and Zoonosis Giardia intensiinalis Example of water-borne flagellate and Zoonosis iambia Trichomonas vaginalis Example of gut flagellate in birds. Venereally transmitted flagellate causing abortion &infertility US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 68

TABLE 6-continued

PARASITES SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Histomonas medeagridis Example of a parasite transmitted by another parasite - Heterakis Trypanosoma a vitin Example of a venerally transmitted flagellate brucei cruzi equiperdun evansi vivax Eineria acervuina Apicomplexan parasite responsible for the poultry brunetti disease coccidiosis. Used to illustrate the basic jenezi characteristics of the coccidian direct lifecycle. maxina Ovine, bovine &rabbit coccidiosis mentioned but nextrix not by species. teneia Siedae medeagridis Isospora beli Mentioned as the dogficatipig equivalent of Eimeria felis Canis Cyclospora Cayetanensis Traveler's Diarrhea. Cryptosporidium parvin Of the Phylum Apicomplexa and causes a diarrheal hominis illness called cryptosporidiosis. Example of an Canis important water borne Zoonosis. felis hominis medeagridis mitris Sarcocystis cruzi Used to illustrate the basic characteristics of the hominis coccidian indirect lifecycle. Can happen when mitris undercooked meat is ingested. Symptoms include diarrhea, which may be mild and transient or severe and life threatening. Toxoplasma gondii The definitive host is the cat, but the parasite can be carried by the vast majority of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Neospora Canini in Important pathogen in cattle and dogs. Highly transmissible with some herds having up to 90% prevalence. Causes abortions. Babesia major Example of tick-borne protozoa, responsible for microi causing Texas Fever. divergens duncani gibsoni Piasmodium falcipartin Example of an endemic insect borne protozoan. vivax Causative agent of malaria. ovale malariae knowlesi gigioi Leishmania aethiopica Example of insect borne protozoan that lives inside donovani host macrophages major mexicana tropica braziliensis Trematodes

Fascioia hepatica Also known as the common liver fluke it is a magna parasitic flatworm of phylum Platyhelminthes that gigantica infects liver of a various mammals, including man. jacksoni The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis (also known as fasciolosis). F. hepatica is world wide distributed and causes great economic losses in sheep and cattle. Dicrocoelium dendriticum The Lancet liver fluke is a parasite fluke that tends to live in cattle or other grazing mammals. Schistosoma mansoni Commonly known as blood-flukes and bilharzia, japonictim cause the most significant infection of humans by mekongi flatworms. Considered by the World Health intercaiatum Organization as second in importance only to haematobium malaria. US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 69

TABLE 6-continued

PARASITES SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Cestodes

Taenia crassiceps Example of tapeworms with humans as natural pisifornis definite hosts but with implications for Zoonoses and Saginata meat inspection Solium Dipylidium Canini in Also called the cucumber tapeworm or the double pore tapeworm, it infects organisms afflicted with leas, including canids, felids, and pet-owners, especially children. Echinococcus granulosis includes six species of cyclophyllid tapeworms. miitiioculiaris infection with Echinococcus results in hydatid Shiqiticits disease, also known as echinococcosis. Nematodes Aphelenchoides fiagariae Foliar nematodes are plant parasitic roundworms ritzemabosi which area widespread problem for the ornamental besseyi. and nursery industries. Heterodera Soybean cyst nematode. Giobodera Soianacearum Potato cyst nematode. virginiae tabacum Nacobbus dorsa is False Root-knot. Pratylenchus brachurus Brown root rot. penetrans Dity lenchus dipsaci Plant pathogenic nematode which infects the bud and stem. Xiphinema americantin American dagger nematode; plant pathogen. Longidorus Sylphus Attacks mint. Paratrichodorus minor Christie's stubby root nematode. Dioctophyma renaie Giant kidney worm; common parasital worm ound in carnivorous animals. Meloidogyne hapia Root-knot nematodes infect plant roots and are incognita one of the three most economically damaging javanica genera of nematodes on horticultural and field crops. Trichostrongylus tenius Used as a basic nematode lifecycle Ostertagia Highlights impact of larval development in or Teiadorsagia abomasum wall, differences between type I &II, example of seasonally-induced hypobiosis Nematodirus Example of nematode developing in the gutlumen, example of nematode with critical hatching conditions Haemonchus Example of blood-feeding nematode Cooperia Distinctive coiled nematode of ruminants Trichtiris Distinctive whip-like nematode of ruminants Ascaris Example of hepato-trachael migratory nematode Parascaris important equine nematode Oxyuris Distinctive pin-worm of equines Toxascaris Example of non-migratory ascarid of dogs &cats referred forward to the migratory Toxocara sp Toxocara Example of complex migratory nematode with hypobiotic larval stages, complex biochemical interactions between host ¶site, congenital infections, vertical transmission, Zoonosis, reproductive-related hypobiosis, Comparison with T. Catti, refs back to non-migratory Toxascaris Trichinelia Example of hypobiotic larvae, no external stages, Zoonosis Oesophagostomim Example of strongyle of ruminants with extensive cuticular ornamentation and nodule formation on gut wall Chabertia Example of strongyle of ruminants with large buccal capsule as adaptation to tissue feeding CyathoStones Horse colic. or Trichonemes Strongylus vulgaris Blood worm; common horse parasite. Binostontin Example of hookworm of ruminants Uncinaria Example of canineffeline northern hookworm Ancylostoma Example of potential emerging hookworm related to climate change?behaviour Dictyocatiitis Basic lungworm direct lifecycle, vaccination using irradiated larvae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 70

TABLE 6-continued

PARASITES SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Metastrongylus Lungworm with indirect lifecycle, used to reinforce concepts of transport, paratenic & intermediate host using earthworm as example Parafilaria Example of filarial worm, example of insect-borne parasite that does not involve a blood-feeding Wector Dinofiairia Example of filarial worm transmitted by blood feeding vector, distribution limited by that of vector, potential impact of climate change on distribution Fungi Cercospora zeae-maydis Etiological agent of grey leaf spot in cereal plants. Ustilago maydis Etiological agent of corn Smut disease of maize. Magnaporihe grisea Most significant disease affecting rice cultivation; rice blast. Bipolaris oryzae Brown spot can infect both seedlings and mature plants.

Parasite Context

Acarina - Mites and Ticks Psoroptic mites - Sheep scabaetiology and control. Topology of infestation in relation to Psoropies ovis, skin histology. Chorioptes Sarcoptic mites - Causation of mange, hypersensitivity and pruritus. Topology of Sarcopies, infestation in relation to skin histology. Knemidocopies Demodectic mites - Causation of demodecosis. Topology of infestation in relation to Demodex, histology of skin. Aesthetic and Zoonotic problems with Cheyletiella. Trombiculia, Cheyletiella Dermanyssid mites - Nature of infestation as micro-predator. Importance to poultry industry. Dermanyssus, Control by hygiene and pesticides. Ornithonyssus Ixodes ricinus Vector of agents of babesiosis, tick borne fever, louping ill and Lyme disease. Lice and Fleas Linognathus and Example of sessile ectoparasites with incomplete metamorphosis causing Haematopini is sp. stress and hide damage. Example of blood feeding anopluran lice. Trichodecies and Lice problems in Small companion animals caused by chewing lice. Role Felicoia as intermediate host of Dipylidium tapeworm. Lipet truts, Two families of chewing lice on birds. All bird lice are chewing lice Cliciotogaster, causing irritation and production losses. Menopon Ctenocephalides CatDog flea; one of the most abundant and widespead fleas in the world. feis and C. Canis Ceratophyllus and Parasitizes mainly rodents and birds. Echidnophaga Flies

Muscid flies importance of flies with sponging mouthparts a nuisance leading to production losses in dairy cattle and as mechanical vectors of pathogens Such as Moraxella bacteria. Haematobia and Horn fly; H. irritans is a bloodsucking fly dangerous to livestock. Stomoxys Tabanid flies Examples of biting stress caused by flies with complex slashing and sponging blood feeding mouthparts. Example of life cycle of flies with complete metamorphosis. Meiophagus Ovinits Louse flies or keds; obligate parasite of mammals and birds - can serve as the vector of pigeon malaria. Culicoides midges Example of how flies act as vectors. Mosquitoes Vectors of viral, protozoal and nematode pathogens. Phiebotomus sand Vector of Leishmania protozoa. flies Lucia cuprina Example of facultative myiasis - blowfly strike. blowfly US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 71

TABLE 6-continued

PARASITES SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Hypoderma bovis Example of obligate myiasis - warble fly. Example of low reproduction? high Survival system. Gasterophilus and Illustration of these forms of myiasis. Oestrus bois

0357 Embodiments of the invention can be used to pre vent or treat the following parasite hosts:

TABLE 7

PARASITE HOSTS Fungal Diseases afflicting Canola (Brassica rapa) Alternaria black spot = Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicoia Dark pod spot (UK) Alternaria japonica = Alternaria raphani Anthracnose Colleiotrichtim gloeosporioides, Giomerella Cingulata teleomorph Colletotrichum higginsianum Black leg = stem canker (UK) Leptosphaeria machtians Phoma ingam anamorph Black mold rot Rhizopus stolonifer Black root Aphanomyces raphani Brown girdling root rot Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora brassicicola Club root Plasmodiophora brassicae Downy mildew Peronospora parasitica Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysportim f.sp. Congiitiinans Gray mold Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeiana teleomorph Head rot Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Leaf spot Alternaria alternata Ascochyta spp. Light leaf spot Pyrenopeziza brassicae Cylindrosporium concentrictim anamorph Pod rot Alternaria alternata Cladosporium spp. Powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni Erysiphe cruciferarum Ring spot Mycosphaerella brassicicola Asteromelia brassicae anamorph Rootrot Alternaria alternata Fusarium spp. Macrophonina phaseolina Phymatotrichopsis omnivora Phytophthora megasperma Pythium debaryanum Pythium irregulare Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii teleomorph Scierotinia stem rot Scierotinia Scierotiorum Seed rot, damping-off Alternaria spp. Fusarium spp. Giociadium roseum Nectria ochroleuca teleomorph Pythium spp. Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph Rhizopus stolonifer Sclerotium rolfsii Root gall Smut Urocystis brassicae Southern blight (leaf, root Sclerotium rolfsii and seed rot) US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 72

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Verticilium wilt Verticilium longisporum White blight Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis teleomorph White leaf spot = grey stem Pseudocercosporelia capselae = (Canada) Cercosporella brassicae Mycosphaerelia capselae teleomorph White rust = staghead Albugo candida = Albugo cruciferarum (Peronospora sp. commonly present in staghead phase) Yellows Fusarium oxysportin Cat (Felis catus) Apicomplexa: Besnoitia sp. (oocysts) Isosporafeis Isospora rivolta Sarcocystis gigantea (sporocysts) Sarcocystis hirsuta (sporocysts) Sarcocystis meditsiiornis (sporocysts) Sarcocystis mitris (sporocysts) Sarcocystis sp. (sporocysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Toxoplasma gondii (oocysts Sarconastigophora. Giardia intestina is Dog (Canis familiaris) Apicomplexa: Hammondia heydorni (Oocysts) Isospora canis Isospora Ohicensis Neospora caninum Sarcocystis arieticanis (sporocysts) Sarcocystis cap racanis (sporocysts) Sarcocystis cruzi (sporocysts) Sarcocystis tenelia (sporocysts) Sarcocystis sp. (sporocysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Sarconastigophora. Giardia intestina is Goat (Capra hircus) Apicomplexa: Cyptosporidiurn sp. Eimeria alijevi Eimeria apsheronica Eimeria arioingi Eimeria capralis Eimeria caprina Eimeria caprovina Eimeria chariestoni Eimeria christenseni Eimeria hircii Eimeria joicheievi Eimeria masseyensis Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Eimeria punctata Eineria iunisiensis Sarcocystis cap racanis (cysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Sarconastigophora. Giardia sp. Horse (Equus Cabalus) Apicomplexa:

Eimeria ieuckarii Klossiella equi Sarcocystis sp. (cysts) Man (Homo sapiens) US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 73

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Apicomplexa: Ciyptosporidium sp. Isospora hominis Plasmodium sp.* Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Sarconastigophora. Chiomastix mesnii Dientamoeba fragilis Endoimax nana Entamoeba coi Entamoeba hartmanni Entamoeba histolytica Giardia intestina is Iodiamoeba buetschii Leishmania donovani Trichomonas hominis Trichomonas vaginalis Fungal diseases afflicting Maize (Zea mays) Anthracnose leafblight Colletotrichum graminicola Anthracnose stalk rot Glomerella graminicola Giomerelia iucumanensis Glomerella falcatum Aspergilius ear and kernel rot Aspergiiitisfiavits Banded leaf and sheath spot Rhizoctonia Soiani = Rhizoctonia microsclerotia Thanatephorus cucumenis Blackbundle disease Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium Black kernel rot Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae Borde blanco Marasnielius sp. Brown spot Physoderma maydis Black spot Stalk rot Cephalosporium kernel rot Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium Charcoal rot Macrophonina phaseolina Coricitin ear rot Thanatephorus cucumenis = Corticium Sasaki Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia clavata C. eragrostidis = C. machtians Cochliobolus eragrostidis Curvatiaria inaequalis C. intermedia Cochioboius intermedius Curvularia iunata Cochioboius iunatus Curvularia pallescens Cochliobolus pallescens Curvatiaria Senegalensis C. tuberculata Cochioboius tuberculatus Didymella leaf spot Didymella exitalis Diplodia ear rot and stalk rot Diplodia frumenti Botryosphaeria festicae Diplodia ear rot Diplodia maydis Stalk rot Seed rot Seedling blight Diplodia leaf spot or leaf streak Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora Downy mildews afflicting Maize (Zea mays) Brown stripe downy mildew Sclerophthora rayssiae Crazy top downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora Green ear downy mildew Sclerospora graminicola Graminicola downy mildew Java downy mildew Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis Philippine downy mildew Peronosclerospora philippinensis = Sclerospora philippinensis US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 74

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Sorghum downy mildew Peronosclerospora Sorghi = Sclerospora Sorghi Spontaneim downy mildew Peronosclerospora spontanea = Sclerospora spontanea Sugarcane downy mildew Peronosclerospora sacchari = Scierospora Sacchari Dry ear rot Nigrospora oryzae Cob, kernel and stalk rot Khuskia oryzae Earrots, minor Alternaria alternata = A. tentiis Aspergilius glaucus A. niger Aspergilius spp. Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeiana Cunninghamelia sp. Curvatiaria pallescens Doratomyces stemonitis = Cephalotrichum Stemonitis Fusarium culmorum Gonatobotry's simplex Pithomyces maydicus Rhizopus microsportis R. stolonifer = R. nigricans Scopulariopsis briumpti Ergot Claviceps gigantea Horse's tooth Sphacelia sp. Eyespot Aureobasidium zeae = Kabatiella zeae Fusarium ear and stalk rot Fusarium subglutinans = F moniiforme Fusarium kernel, root and stalk rot, seed rot and Fusarium moniiforme Seedling blight Gibberellafiujikuroi Fusarium stalk rot Fusaritin avenacetim Seedling root rot Gibbereia avenacea Gibbereia ear and stalk rot Gibbereia zeae Fusarium graminearlin Gray ear rot Botryosphaeria zeae = Physalospora zeae Macrophoma zeae Gray leaf spot Cercospora Sorghi = C. Sorghai Cercospora leaf spot C. zeae-maydis Helminthosporium root rot Exserohilum pedicellatum = Heiminthosporium pedicellatin Setosphaeria pedicellata Hormodendrum ear rot Cladosporium cladosporioides = Cladosporium rot Hormodendrum cladosporioides C. herbarium Mycosphaerelia tassiana Hyalothyridium leaf spot Hyalothyridium maydis Late wilt Cephalosporium maydis Leaf spots, minor Alternaria alternata Ascochyta maydis A. tritici A. Zeicola Bipolaris victoriae = Heiminthosporium victoriae Cochioboius victoriae C. Sativits Bipolaris Sorokiniana = H. Sorokinianum = H. sativum Epicocci in nigrin Exserohilum prolatum = Drechslera prolata Setosphaeria prolata Graphium penicillioides Leptosphaeria maydis Leptothyrium zeae Ophiosphaerella herpotricha Scolecosporiella sp. Paraphaeosphaeria michotii Phoma sp. Septoria zeae S. Zeicola S. Zeina Northern corn leafblight Setosphaeria turcica White blast Exserohilum turcicum = Heiminthosporium Crown stalk rot iticictim Stripe US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 75

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Northern corn leaf spot Cochioboits carbonium Helminthosporium ear rot (race 1) Bipolaris zeicola = Heiminthosporium carbonium Penicium ear rot Penicilium spp. Blue eye P. chrysogenium Blue mold P expanslim P. Oxalicum Phaeocytostroma stalk rot and rootrot Phaeocytostroma ambiguum = Phaeocytosporelia zeae Phaeosphaeria leaf spot Phaeosphaeria maydis = Sphaerulina maydis Physalospora ear rot Botryosphaeria festicae = Physalospora zeicola Botryosphaeria ear rot Diplodia frumenti Purple leaf sheath Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi Pyrenochaeta stalk rot and root rot Phoma terrestris = Pyrenochaeta terrestris Pythium root rot Pythium spp. Parrhenomanes Pgraminicola Pythium stalk rot Pythium aphanidermatum = P butleri Red kernel disease Epicocci in nigrin Ear mold, leaf and seed rot Rhizoctonia ear rot Rhizoctonia zeae Sclerotial rot Waitea circinata Rhizoctonia root rot and stalk rot Rhizoctonia Soiani R. Zeae Rootrots, minor Alternaria alternata Cercospora Sorghi Dictochaeta fertilis Fusarium acuminatin Gibbereia acuminata F equiseti G. intricans F. Oxysporum F. pallidoroseum F. poae F. Osei in G. cyanogena F sulphureum Microdochium boileyi Mucor sp. Periconia circinata Phytophthora cactorum P direchsieri P. nicotianae Rhizopus arrhizus Rostratum leaf spot Setosphaeria rostrata = Heiminthosporium Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk iOSirciitii? rot Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi Rust, Southern corn Puccinia polysora Rust, tropical corn Physopella pallescens P zeae = Angiopsora zeae Scierotium ear rot Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight Athelia rolfsii Seed rot-seedling blight Bipolaris Sorokiniana B. Zeicola = Helminthosporium carbonum Diplodia maydis Exserohilum pediciliatum Exserohilum turcicum = Heiminthosporium iticictim Fusaritin avenacetim F. citimorum F moniiforme Gibbereia zeae F. graminearum Macrophonina phaseolina Penicilium spp. Phomopsis spp. Pythium spp. Rhizoctonia Soiani Rhizoctonia zeael R. Zeae Sclerotium rolfsii Spicaria spp. Selenophoma leaf spot Selenophoma sp. Sheath rot Gaettmannomyces graminis Shuck rot Myrothecium gramineum US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 76

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Silage mold Monascus purpureus M. ruber Smut, common Ustilago zeae = U. maydis Smut, false Ustilaginoidea virens Smut, head Sphacelotheca reiliana = Sporisonium holci Sorghi Southern corn leafblight and stalk rot Cochliobolus heterostrophus Bipolaris maydis = Heiminthosporium maydis Southern leaf spot Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora Stalk rots, minor Cercospora Sorghi Fusarium episphaeria F merismoides F. Oxysportin F. poae F. Osei in F. Soiani Nectria haematococca Firicincitin Mariannaea elegans Mucor spp. Rhopographits zeae Spicaria spp. Storage rots Aspergilius spp. Penicilium spp. and other fungi Tar spot Phyllachora maydis Trichoderma ear rot and rootrot Trichoderma viride = T. lignorum Hypocreasp. White ear rot, root and stalk rot Stenocarpella maydis = Diplodia zeae Yellow leafblight Ascochyta ischaemi Phyllosticta maydis Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis Zonate leaf spot Gloeocercospora Sorghi Nematodes afflicting Maize (Zea mays) Awl Dolichodorus spp., D. heterocephalus Bulb and Dity lenchus dipsaci Stein Burrowing Radopholus similis Cyst Heterodera avenae H. zeae Punctodera chaicoensis Dagger Xiphinema spp. X. americanum X. mediterrangeum False root- Nacobbus dorsais knot Lance, Hoplolaimus columbus Columbia 8CC. Hoplolaint is spp. H. galeatus Lesion Pratylenchus spp., P. brachyurus, P. crenatus, Phexincisus, P. neglectus P. penetrans, P scribneri, P thornei, P zeae Needle Longidorus spp. L. breviannitiatus Ring Criconemella spp. C. ornata Root-knot Meloidogyne spp. M. Chitwoodi M. incognita M.javanica Spiral Helicotylenchus spp. Sting Belonoiaint is spp. B. longicaudatus Stubby-root Paratrichodorus spp. P. Christiei P. minor Putinisticit is actitiis Trichodorus spp. Stunt Tvlenchorhynchus dubius US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 77

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Mouse (Mus musculus) Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon musculi Sarcocystis mitris (cysts) Sarconastigophora. Giardia intestina is Giardia muris Ox (Bos tartis) Apicomplexa: Clyptosporidium sp. Eimeria alabamensis Eimeria auburnensis Eimeria bovis Eimeria brasiliensis Eimeria bukidnonensis Eimeria Canadensis Eimeria cylindrica Eimeria ellipsoidalis Eimeria subspherica Eimeria wyomingensis Eineria Zurnii Isospora sp. Neospora caninum Sarcocystis cruzi (cysts) Sarcocystis hirsuta (cysts) Theileria orientatis Sarconastigophora. Tritrichomonas foetus Ciliophora:

Baiantidium coi Pig (Sus scrofa) Apicomplexa: Clyptosporidium sp. Eimeria cerdonis Eimeria debiecki Eimeria neodebiecki Eimeria porci Eimeria scabra Eineria Stiis Isospora Stiis Sarcocystis sp. (cysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Ciliophora:

Baiantidium coi Poultry (Gallus gallus) Endoparasites: Protozoa: Histomonas melleagridis Hexamita meleagridis Eimeria spp. Helminths: Ascaridia gali Ascaridia dissiniis Ascardidia columbae Capillaria contoria Capillaria obsingata Capillaria Calidinfiata Heterakis gallinarum Heterakis isolonche Syngami is trachea Ectoparasites: Mites: Cnemidocopies mutans Cnemidocopies gallinae Dermanyssus gallinae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 78

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Lamiosiopies cysticola Ornithonyssus sly varium Feas: Ceratophyllus gallinae Echindnophaga gallinacea Lice:

Menacanthus straminents Rabbit (Otyctolagus cuniculus) Apicomplexa: Eimeria ilavescens Eimeria irresidua Eimeria media Eimeria pet forans Eimeria pyriformis Eimeria Stiedae Hepatozoon clinicitli Sarcocystis sp. (cysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Rice (Oryza sativa) Fungal diseases afflicting Rice Aggregate sheath spot Ceratobasidium oryzae-Saiivae Rhizoctonia oryzae-Saiivae Black kernel Curvularia iunata Cochioboius iunatus Blast (leaf, neck rotten neck, nodal and collar) Pyricularia grisea = Pyricularia oryzae Magnaporthe grisea Brown spot Cochliobolus miyabeanus Bipolaris Oryzae Crown sheath rot Gaettmannomyces graminis Downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora Eyespot Drechslera gigantea False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens Kernel Smut Tilletia barclayana = Neovossia horrida Leaf Smut Entyloma oryzae Leafscald Microdochium oryzae = Rhynchosporium oryzae Narrow brown leaf spot Cercosporalianseana = Cercospora oryzae Sphaerulina oryzina Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Damage by many fungi including Cochliobolus miyabeanus Curvatiaria spp. Fusarium spp. Microdochium oryzae Sarocladium oryzae and other fungi. Rootrots Fusarium spp. Pythium spp. Pythium dissotocum Pythium spinosum Seedling blight Cochliobolus miyabeanus Curvatiaria spp. Fusarium spp. Rhizoctonia Soiani Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Sheath blight Thanatephorus cucumenis Rhizoctonia Soiani Sheath rot Sarocladium oryzae = Acrocylindrium oryzae Sheath spot Rhizoctonia oryzae Stackburn (Alternaria leaf spot) Alternaria padwickii Stem rot Magnaporthe Salvini Sclerotium oryzae Water-mold (seed-rot and seedling disease) Achiya conspicua Achlya kiebsiana US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 79

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Fusarium spp. Pythium spp. Pythium dissotocum Pythium spinosum Nematodes, parasitic Crimp nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi Sille Root-knot Meloidogyne spp. Root nematode, Hirschmanniella oryzae rice Stem nematode, Divienchtisangustus rice Sheep (Ovis aries) Apicomplexa: Clyptosporidium sp. Eimeria ahsata Eimeria crandais Eimeria faurei Eimeria granulosa Eineria intricaia Eimeria ovinoidais Eineria ovis Eimeria pallida Eimeria pama Eimeria punctata Eimeria weybridgensis Sarcocystis arieticanis (cysts) Sarcocystis gigantea (cysts) Sarcocystis medusiformis (cysts) Sarcocystis tenelia (cysts) Toxoplasma gondii (cysts) Soybean (Glycine max) Fungal diseases afflicting Soybeans Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria spp. Anthracnose Colleiotrichum truncatum Colletotrichum dematium f. truncatum Glomerella glycines Colleiotrichum destructivum Black leafblight Arkoola nigra Black rootrot Thiela viopsis basicola Chaiara elegans synanamorph Brown spot Septoria glycines Mycosphaerella isoenskaiae Brown stem rot Phialophora gregata = Cephalosporium gregatin Charcoal rot Macrophonina phaseolina Choanephora leafblight Choanephora infundibulifera Choanephora trispora Damping-off Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium debaryanum Pythium irregulare Pythium myriotylum Pythium ultimum Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica Drechslera blight Drechslera glycines Frogeye leaf spot Cercospora Soina Fusarium rootrot Fusarium spp. Leptosphaerulina leaf spot Leptosphaerulina trifolii Mycoleptodiscus rootrot Mycoleptodiscus terrestris Neocosmospora stem rot Neocosmospora Vasinfecta Acremonium spp. Phomopsis seed decay Phomopsis spp. Phytophthora root and stem rot Phytophthora soiae Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta sojaecola US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 80

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton rootrot Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Phymatotrichum omnivorum Pod and stem blight Diaporihephaseolorum Phomopsis Soiae Powdery mildew Microsphaera diffusa Purple seed stain Cercospora kikuchi Pyrenochaeta leaf spot Pyrenochaeta glycines Pythium rot Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium debaryanum Pythium irregulare Pythium myriotylum Pythium ultimum Red crown rot Cylindrocladium crotaiariae Caionectria crotaiariae Red leaf blotch = Daciuliophora leaf spot Daciatiochaeta glycines = Pyrenochaeta glycines Daciatiophora glycines synanamorph Rhizoctonia aerial blight Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis Rhizoctonia root and stem rot Rhizoctonia Soiani Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Scab Spaceioma glycines Scierotinia stem rot Scierotinia Scierotiorum Southern blight (damping-off and stem rot) = Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium blight Athelia rolfsii Stem canker Diaporihephaseolorum Diaporihephaseolorum var. Cattivora Phomopsis phaseoli Stemphylium leafblight Stemphylium botryosum Pleospora tarda Sudden death syndrome Fusarium Solani fisp. glycines Target spot Corynespora cassicola Yeast spot Nematospora Coryli Nematodes, parasitic Lance nematode Hoplolaimus columbus Hoplolaint is galeatus Hoplolaint is magnistylus Lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp. Pinnematode Paraiylenchus projectiis Paraiylenchus tentiicaudatus Reniform Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode Ring nematode Criconemeia ornata Root-knot Meloidogyne arenaria nematode Meloidogyne hapla Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogynejavanica Sheath nematode Hemicycliophora spp. Soybean cyst Heterodera glycines nematode Spiral nematode Helicotylenchus spp. Sting nematode Belonoiaint is gracilis Belonoiaint is longicatidatus Stubby root Paratrichodorus minor nematode Stunt nematode Putinisticit is actitiis Tvlenchorhynchus spp. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Fungal diseases afflicting Tobacco Anthracnose Colleiotrichum destructivum Glomerella glycines Barn spot Cercospora nicotianae Barn rot Several fungi and bacteria Black rootrot Thiela viopsis basicola Black Shank Phytophthora nicotianae Blue mold (downy Peronospora tabacina = mildew) Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina Brown spot Alternaria alternata Charcoal rot Macrophonina phaseolina Collar rot Scierotinia Scierotiorum US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 81

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Damping-off, Pythium spp. Pythium Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium ultimum Frogeye leaf spot Cercospora nicotianae Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysportin Gray mold Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeiana Mycosphaerella leaf Mycosphaerella nicotianae spot Olipidium seedling Olipidium brassicae blight Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta nicotiana Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum Ragged leaf spot Phoma exigua var. exigua = Ascochyta phaseolorum Scab Hymenula afinis = Fusarium affine Sore shin and Rhizoctonia Soiani damping-off Thanatephorus cucumenis Southern stem rot Sclerotium rolfsii Southern blight Athelia rolfsii Stem rot of Pythium spp. tranplants Target spot Rhizoctonia Soiani Verticilium wilt Verticilium aibo-airum Verticilium dahiae Nematodes, parasitic Bulb and stem (stem break) Dity lenchus dipsaci Cyst Giobodera Soianacearum = Globodera virginiae Giobodera tabacum Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Foliar Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Lesion Pratylenchus brachyurus Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchus spp. Reniform Rotylenchulus reniformis Root-knot Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapia, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica Spiral Helicotylenchus spp. Stubby-root Paratrichodorus spp. Trichodorus spp. Stunt Merlinius spp. Tvlenchorhynchus spp. Wheat (Triticum spp.) Fungal diseases afflicting Wheat Alternaria leafblight Alternaria triticina Anthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola Glomerella graminicola Ascochyta leaf spot Ascochyta tritici Aureobasidium decay Microdochium boileyi = Aureobasidium boileyi Black head molds = sooty molds Alternaria spp. Cladosporium spp. Epicoccim spp. Sporobotomyces spp. Siemphylium spp. and other genera Cephalosporium stripe Hymenula cerealis = Cephalosporium graninet in Common bunt = Stinking Smut Tilletia tritici = Tilletia caries Tilletia iaevis = Tilletia foetida Common rootrot Cochioboits sativus Bipolaris Sorokiniana = Helminthosporium sativum Cottony Snow mold Coprinus psychromorbidus Crown rot = footrot, seedling blight, Fusarium spp. dryland rootrot Fusarium pseudograminearlin Gibbereia zeae US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 82

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Fusarium graminearum Group II Gibbereia avenacea Fusaritin avenacetim Fusarium culmorum Dilophospora leaf spot = twist Dilophospora alopectiri Downy mildew = crazy top Sclerophthora macrospora Dwarfbunt Tilletia controversa Ergot Claviceps purpurea Sphacelia Segetum Eyespot = footrot, strawbreaker Tapesia valiundae Ramulispora herpotrichoides = Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides W-pathotype T. acuformis Rantispora actifornis = Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis R-pathoytpe False eyespot Gibeina cereais Flag Smut Urocystis agropyri Footrot = dryland footrot Fusarium spp. Halo spot Pseudoseptoria donacis = Selenophoma donacis Karnal bunt = partial bunt Tilletia indica = Neovossia indica Leafrust = brown rust Puccinia triticina = Puccinia recondita fisp. tritici Puccinia tritici-diuri Leptosphaeria leaf spot Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides = Leptosphaeria herpoirichoides Stagonospora sp. Loose Smut Ustilago tritici = Ustilago Segetum var. tritici Ustilago Segettin var. nuda Ustilago Segettin var. avenae Microscopica leaf spot Phaeosphaeria microscopica = Leptosphaeria microscopica Phoma spot Phoma spp. Phoma glomerata Phoma Sorghina = Phoma insidiosa Pink Snow mold = Fusarium patch Microdochium nivale = Fusarium nivaie Monographeila nivais Platyspora leaf spot Clathrospora pentamera = Platyspora pentamera Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici Blumeria graminis = Erysiphegraminis Oidium monioides Pythium root rot Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium arrhenomanes Pythium graminicola Pythium myriotylum Pythium volutum Rhizoctonia root rot Rhizoctonia Soiani Thanatephorus cucumenis Ring spot = Wirrega blotch Pyrenophora seminiperda = Drechslera Campanulata Drechslera wirreganensis Scab = head blight Fusarium spp. Gibbereia zeae Fusarium graminearum Group II Gibbereia avenacea Fusaritin avenacetim Fusarium culmorum Microdochium nivale = Fusarium nivaie Monographeila nivais Sclerotinia Snow mold = Snow scald Myriosclerotinia borealis = Scierotinia borea is Sclerotium wilt (see Southern blight) Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Septoria blotch Septoria tritici Mycosphaerella graminicola US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009 83

TABLE 7-continued

PARASITE HOSTS Sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cereais Ceraiobasidium cereale Snow rot Pythium spp. Pythium aristosporum Pythium iwayamae Pythium Oikanoganense Southern blight = Sclerotium base rot Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii Speckled Snow mold = gray Snow mold or Typhula idahoensis Typhula blight Tiphatia incarnata Typhula ishikariensis Tiphatia ishikariensis var. Canaadensis Spot blotch Cochioboits sativus Bipolaris Sorokiniana = Helminthosporium sativum Stagonospora blotch Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae Stagonospora avenae fsp. triticae = Septoria avenae fsp. triticea Phaeosphaeria nodorum Stagonospora nodorum = Septoria nodorum Stem rust = black rust Puccinia graminis = Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Storage molds Aspergilius spp. Penicilium spp. and others Stripe rust = yellow rust Puccinia striiformis Uredo glumarum Take-all Gaettmannomyces graminis war. tritici Gaettmannomyces graminis war. avenae Tan spot = yellow leaf spot, red Smudge Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Drechslera tritici-repentis Tar spot Phyllachoragraminis Linochoragraminis Wheat Blast Magnaporthe grisea Zoosporic root rot Lagena radicicola Ligniera piorum Olipidium brassicae Rhizophydium graminis

0358 Embodiments of the invention can be used to treat crops in order to limit or prevent insect infestation. The types TABLE 8-continued of crops that can be treated can include, for example, any of CROPS SUITABLE FORTREATMENT WITH COMPOSITIONS the following, or the like: AND METHODS OF THE INVENTION

TABLE 8 Crop name Botanical name Beet, fodder (mangel) Beta vulgaris CROPS SUITABLE FORTREATMENT WITH COMPOSITIONS Beet, red Beta vulgaris AND METHODS OF THE INVENTION Beet, Sugar Beta vulgaris Beet, Sugar for fodder Beta vulgaris Crop name Botanical name Beet, Sugar for seeds Beta vulgaris Abaca (Manila hemp) Musa textiis Bergamot Citrus bergamia Alfalfa for fodder Medicago Saiiva Betelnut Areca Catechii Alfalfa for seed Medicago Saiiva Black pepper Piper nigrum Almond Prunus duticis Black wattle Acacia nearinsii Anise seeds Pimpinella animus Blackberries of various species Rubus spp. Apple Maius Sylvestris Blueberry Vaccinium spp. Apricot Prints armeniaca Brazil nut Berthoiletia excelsa Areca (betel nut) Areca Catechii Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis Arracha Arracacia xanthorrhiza Broad bean, dry Vicia faba Arrowroot Marania artindinacea Broad bean, harvested green Vicia faba Artichoke Cynara Scolymits Broccoli Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Broom millet Sorghum bicolor Avocado Persea americana Broom sorghum. Sorghum bicolor Bajra (Pearl millet) Pennisettin americantin Brussels sprouts Brassica oleracea var. gennifera Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea Buckwheat Fagopyrim escaillenium Banana Musa paradisiaca Cabbage (red, white, Savoy) Brassica oleracea var. Capitata Barley Hordeum vulgare Cabbage, Chinese Brassica chinensis Beans, dry, edible, for grains Phaseolus vulgaris Cabbage, for fodder Brassica spp. Beans, harvested green Phaseolus and Vigna spp. Cacao (cocoa) Theobroma cacao US 2009/0099.135 A1 Apr. 16, 2009

TABLE 8-continued TABLE 8-continued

CROPS SUITABLE FORTREATMENT WITH COMPOSITIONS CROPS SUITABLE FORTREATMENT WITH COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF THE INVENTION AND METHODS OF THE INVENTION

Crop name Botanical name Crop name Botanical name Cantaloupe Cucumis meio Gram pea (chickpea) Cicer arietintin Caraway seeds Cartin carvi Grape Vitis vinifera Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Grapefruit Citrus paradisi Cardoon Cynara cardunculus Grapes for raisins Vitis vinifera Carob Ceratonia Siliqua Grapes for table use Vitis vinifera Carrot, edible Daiict is carotassp. Saiiva Grapes for wine Vitis vinifera Carrot, for fodder Daiict is carotassp. Saiiva Grass esparto Lygeum spartin Cashew nuts Anacardium occidentalie Grass, orchard Dactylis glomerata Cassava (manioc) Manihot escuienia Grass, Sudan Sorghum bicolor var. Sudanense Castor bean Ricinits communis Groundnut (peanut) Arachis hypogaea Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Guava Psidium guaiava Celeriac Apium graveolens var. rapacetim Guinea corn (Sorghum) Sorghum bicolor Celery Apium graveolens Hazelnut (filbert) Corylus avellana hayote Sechium edule Hemp fibre Cannabis Saiva ssp. indica herry (all varieties) Print is spp. Hemp, Manila (abaca) Musa textiis hestnut Castanea Saiiva Hemp, Sun Crotaiaria iuncea hickpea (gram pea) Cicerarietintin Hempseed Cannabis Saiva (marijuana) hicory Cichorium intybus Henequen Agave four crowdes hicory for greens Cichorium intybus Henna Lawsonia inermis hili, dry (all varieties) Capsicum spp. (annuitin) Hop Huntilus lupulus hili, fresh (all varieties) Capsicum spp. (annuitin) Horse bean Vicia faba innamon Cinnamomum vertin Horseradish Armoracia rusticana itron Citrus medica Hybrid maize Zea mays Citroneiia Cymbopogon citrates, Cymbopogon nar indigo Indigofera tinctoria Clementine Citrus reticulata asmine Jasminum spp. Clove Eugenia aromatica (Syzygium erusalem artichoke Heianthus tuberosus aromaticit owar (Sorghum) Sorghum bicolor Clover for fodder (all varieties) Trifolium spp. ute Corchorus spp. (over 30 sp.) Clover for seed (all varieties) Trifolium spp. Kale Brassica oleracea var. acephala Cocoa (cacao) Theobroma cacao Kapok Ceiba pentandra Coconut Cocos nucifera Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus Cocoyam Colocasia esculenta Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes Coffee Coffea spp. Lavender Lavandula spp. (over 15 sp.) Cola nut (all varieties) Cola actiminata Leek Aium ampeioprastin: Aium porrain Colza (rapeseed) Brassica naptis (Oil Citrus limon Corn (maize), for cereals Zea mayS Lemon graSS Cymbopogon Citratus Corn (maize), for Silage Zea mayS Lentil Lens culinaris Corn (sweet), for vegetable Zea mayS Lespedeza (all varieties) Lespedeza spp. Corn for salad Valerianeia iocusia Lettuce Lactuca Saiva var. Capitata Cotton (all varieties) Gossypium spp. Lime, sour Citrus aurantifolia Cottonseed (all varieties) Gossypium spp. Lime, Sweet Citrus innetta Cowpea, for grain Vignatinguiculata Linseed (flax for oil seed) Lintin itsitatissini in Cowpea, harvested green Vignatinguiculata Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra Cranberry Vaccinium spp. Litchi Litchi chinensis Cress Lepidium sativum LOquat Eriobotrya japonica Cucumber Ciclinissativits Lupine (all varieties) Lupinus spp. Currants (all varieties) Ribes spp. Macadamia (Queensland nut) Macadamia spp. ternifolia Custard apple Annona reticulate Mace Myristica fragrams Dasheen Colocasia eSctilenia Maguey Agave atrovirens Dates Phoenix dactylifera Maize (corn) Zea mays Drumstick tree Moringa oleifera Maize (corn) for Silage Zea mays Durra (Sorghum) Sorghum bicolour Maize (hybrid) Zea mays Durum wheat Titicum durum Maize, ordinary Zea mays Earth pea Vigna subterranea Mandarin Citrus reticulata Edo (eddoe) Xanthosoma spp.; Colocasia spp. Mangel (fodder beet) Beta vulgaris Eggplant Soianum melongena Mango Mangifera indica Endive Cichorium endivia Manioc (cassava) Manihot escuienia Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Maslin (mixed cereals) Mixture of Triticum spp.; Secale cereale Fenugreek Trigonelia foentin-graecum Medlar Mespilus germanica Fig Fictis carica Melon (except watermelon) Cucumis meio Filbert (Hazelnut) Corylus avellana Millet broom Sorghum bicolor Fique Furcraea macrophylla Millet, bajra Pennisettin americantin Flax for fibre Lintin itsitatissini in Millet, bulrush Pennisettin americantin Flax for oil seed (linseed) Lintin itsitatissini in Millet, finger Eleusine coracana Formio (New Zealand flax) Phormium tenax Millet, foxtail Setaria italica Garlic, dry Aium sativum Millet, Japanese Echinochloa escuienia Garlic, green Aium sativum Millet, pearl (bajra, bulrush) Pennisettin americantin Geranium Pelagonium spp.; Geranium spp. Millet, proso Panicum miliaceum Ginger Zingiber officinale Mint (all varieties) Mentha spp. Gooseberry (all varieties) Ribes spp. Mulberry for fruit (all varieties) Morus spp. Gourd Lagenaria spp.; Cucurbita spp. Mulberry for silkworms Morus aiba