6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73520-9 - The Cambridge Introduction to the Old Norse-Icelandic Saga Margaret Clunies Ross Index More information

Index

Note: All personal names of Icelanders are alphabetised by first name followed by last name; all other persons listed here are alphabetised by last name, followed by first name or initials. academic study of Old Norse-Icelandic Atlakviða ‘The Lay of Atli [Attila]’ (see literature 140, 159, 160, 162–3 also Poetic (Elder) Edda) 120, Age of the Sturlungs 9, 54, 55, 56 121 Agrip´ (‘see Summary of the Sagas of the authorship, concepts of and sagas Kings of Norway’) 17–18, 19–20, 50–1 Alexanders saga ‘The Saga of Alexander authorial point of view and saga [the Great]’ 71, 120, 167 writing 25–6, 51, 68, 92–4, 106, Althing (Alþingi) 9, 10 110, 116, 123 ‘Ancient History of the Norwegian Auðunar þattr´ ‘The Tale of Auðunn’ Kings’ (Historia de Antiquitate 137 Regum Norwagiensium) 22, 23, 24 Bandamanna saga ‘Saga of the Ans´ saga bogsveigis ‘The Saga of An´ Confederates’ 29, 55, 56 Bow-bender’ 76, 135 Barnes, Geraldine 83 Andersson, Theodore 49, 91, 127–8, Bartholin, Thomas, the Younger (see 131 also Arni´ Magnusson´ ) Andersson, Theodore and William I. Bar´ ðar saga Snæfellsass´ ‘The Saga of Miller 108, 111, 161, 162 Bar´ ðr Snæfell-deity’ 55 Ari Þorgilsson (‘see also Book of the Benedikt S. Benedikz 146 Icelanders)’ 58 betrothal and marriage, social Armann´ Jakobsson 88 conventions of 101–2 Arngr´ımur Jonsson´ (1568–1648) 85, Bjarnar saga H´ıtdœlakappa ‘The Saga 145, 156 of Bjorn,˛ Champion of the Arni´ Magnusson´ (1663–1730) (see also H´ıtdœlir’ 17, 67, 104, 134, manuscripts) 144, 146–7 135 as manuscript collector 147 Bjarni Einarsson 151 history of his collection 147–8 Boer, R. C. 119 Arnold, Martin 79 ‘Book of the Icelanders’ (Íslendingabok´ ) Arnorr´ jarlaskald´ ‘Jarls’ poet’ by Ari Þorgilsson 2, 10, 16, 40, Þor´ ðarson 110 58, 64, 108, 142

185

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186 Index

‘Book of the Land-Takings’ editions of saga texts (see also Islenzk´ (Landnamab´ ok´ ) 5, 6, 11, 16, 17, fornrit; reception history of Old 22, 36, 40, 62, 76, 92, 108, 144 Norse-Icelandic sagas) 140, 149, bookprose theory of saga composition 150, 154, 158–9 39–40, 56, 155 editorial principles and practices Bosa´ saga ok Herrauðs ‘The Saga of 140, 150–2 Bosi´ and Herrauðr’ 157 language and spelling of saga Breta sogur˛ ‘The Sagas of the British’ editions 152 (see also Geoffrey of Monmouth Nordisk ﬁlologi series of text editions and Merl´ınusspa´) 77, 85 for students 152 bridal quests 119, 133, 137–8 Svart ahv´ ´ıtu ‘Black on White’ series Byock, Jesse 131 of text editions 152 Bæjarbok´ manuscript 67 Egill Skallagr´ımsson 76 Egils saga Skallagr´ımssonar ‘The Saga chieftains (goðar,sg.goði) 9 of Egill, son of Skallagr´ımr’ 23, Chretien´ de Troyes 81 24–5, 26, 39, 58, 90, 134, 135, Christian religion 10, 74 143, 151, 158 Christian Church in Iceland 45 Einar Olafur´ Sveinsson 54 Christian view of history (see also Eir´ıks saga rauða ‘The Saga of Eir´ıkr saga, saga views of history and the Red’ 56, 90, 136 geography) 26, 74–5, 115, 143 Elis saga, translation of chanson de geste Christian view of geography (see also Elie de Saint Gille 59, 80 saga, saga views of history and Erex saga, translation of Chretien´ de geography) 74, 137 Troyes’ Erec et Enide 81 conversion to Christianity, in Eusebius, early medieval historian 75 Iceland 10, 73, 76, 89, 90, Eyjafjor¨ ður region of northern Iceland 109–10 108 Clontarf, Battle of 115, 117 Eyrbyggja saga ‘The Saga of the Clover, Carol 42–3, 48, 130, 139 inhabitants of Eyrr’ 55, 56, 70, Commonwealth Iceland 4, 5, 7, 30, 90, 127, 159 54 contemporary sagas (samt´ıðarsogur¨ ) Fagrskinna ‘Fair vellum’ 59, 85 29, 30, 53, 57, 73, 91–4, 127 family sagas (see sagas of Icelanders) Flateyjarbok´ ‘The Book of Flatey’ 36, Danielsson, Tommy 130 59, 67, 86 Darraðarljo´ð ‘The Song of Dorru˛ ðr’ Floamanna´ saga ‘The Saga of the men (see also Njals´ saga) 115, 117 of Floi’´ 55 Droplaugarsona saga ‘The Saga of the ﬂokkr,longpoemwithoutarefrain20 sons of Droplaug’ 56, 64, 65, 66 fornaldarsogur¨ (see sagas of ancient duelling in early Iceland 112 time) Fostbrœ´ ðra saga ‘The Saga of the Edda of Snorri Sturluson (c. 1225) 20, Foster-brothers’ 55, 67–9, 70–1, 50, 62, 101, 125, 157, 159 90, 134 eddic (or eddaic) poetry (see Poetic freeprose theory of saga composition (Elder) Edda) 39, 40–1

Index 187

Friis, Peder Claussøn 157 Guðmundr inn r´ıki ‘the Powerful’ of Friðþjofs´ saga hins frœkna ‘The Saga of Mo¨ðruvellir, Icelandic chieftain Friðþjof´ the Bold’ 160 91, 108, 109 Færeyinga saga ‘The Saga of the Faroe Guðrun´ Nordal 46, 92, 93 Islanders’ 86 Guðrun´ Osv´ ´ıfsdottir´ (see also Laxdœla saga) 129, 134 Gade, Kari Ellen 104 Guðrunarhv´ ot˛ ‘The Whetting of Gautreks saga ok Gjafa-Refs ‘The Saga Guðrun’´ (see also Poetic (Elder) of Gautrekr and Gift-Refr’ Edda) 121 157 genealogy, importance to saga writers Hakon´ Hakonarson,´ king of Norway and audiences (see also saga (r. 1217–63) 9, 18, 22, 30, 57, 69, structures) 11, 19, 21, 25, 46, 49, 80–1, 84 76–7, 90, 135, 136 Hakonar´ saga Hakonarsonar´ ‘The Saga ‘descent from the gods’ in Old Norse of Hakon´ Hakonarson’´ by Sturla writings 75, 89 Þor´ ðarson 59, 85, 91, 159 Gennep, Arnold van 124, 126, 138 Halfs´ saga ok Halfsrekka´ ‘The Saga of Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia de Halfr´ and the Halfr´ champions’ regum Britanniae ‘History of the 60, 76, 80 kings of Britain’ 77 Hallfreðar saga vandræðaskalds´ ‘The G´ısla saga Surssonar´ ‘The Saga of G´ısli Saga of Hallfreðr Sursson’´ 55, 56, 64, 65, 66, 102, Troublesome-poet’ 20, 67, 104, 134 134 G´ısli Sigurðsson 40, 43, 47, 69 Hamðismal´ ‘The Speech of Hamðir’ Gizurr Hallsson, Icelandic chieftain (see also Poetic (Elder) Edda) (d. 1206) 62, 64 121 Gizurr Þorvaldsson, Icelandic chieftain Haraldr harfagri´ ‘Fair-hair’ 93–4 Halfdanarson,´ king of Norway Glauser, Jurg¨ 154 (r. c. 870–932) 4, 78, 89 Gordon,E.V.41 Haraldr harðra´ði‘Hard-rule’ Greimas, Algirdas J. 124 Sigurðarson, king of Norway Grettis saga Asmundarsonar´ ‘The Saga (r. 1046–66) 87, 132–3 of Grettir Asmundarson’´ 90, Harris, Joseph 130, 134 126, 134 Harðar saga Gr´ımkelssonar ‘The Saga Gr´ıms saga loðinkinna ‘The Saga of of Hor˛ ðrGr´ımkelsson’ 134 Gr´ımr Hairy-cheek’ 76, 135 Haugen, Odd Einar 150, 151 Grœnlendinga saga ‘The Saga of the Hauksbok´ ‘Book of Haukr Greenlanders’ 56, 90 [Erlendsson]’ 59, 67, 68, 85, Gunnar Karlsson 3 143 Gunnlaugr Leifsson, monk of Heimskringla ‘Circle of the World’ Þingeyrar monastery 58, 64, attributed to Snorri Sturluson 77 59, 76, 78, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 133, Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu ‘The Saga 150, 157 of Gunnlaugr Serpent-tongue’ Heiðarv´ıga saga ‘The Saga of the 20, 55, 56, 67, 104, 134 Killings on the Heath’ 55

188 Index

Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks ‘The Saga of Ívens saga, translation of Chretien´ de Hervor˛ and Heiðrekr’ 76, 77, 80, Troyes’ Yvain 81, 82–3 133, 150, 157 Heusler, Andreas 39, 41 Jansson, Sven B. F. 67 Hickes, George (1642–1715) 15 jarlasogur˛ ‘Sagas of Jarls [of Orkney]’ historical writing in Norway and 28 Iceland (see also Latin writing in Jarns´ ´ıða ‘Iron-side’ legal code 61, 114 Norway and Iceland) 22–3, 48 Johnstone, James 159 ‘History of Norway’ (Historia Jomsv´ ´ıkinga saga ‘The Saga of the Norwegiae) 22 Jomsv´ ´ıkingar’ 86 Hofmann, Dietrich 63 Jon´ Erlendsson of Villingaholt, honour, personal (see also n´ıð) 7–8, 91, manuscript copyist 58 101, 111, 121, 127, 128 Jonas´ Kristjansson´ 67, 68 Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða ‘The Saga of Jon´ Helgason 152 Hrafnkell, Priest of Freyr’ 41, 55, Jon´ Karl Helgason 155 56, 58 Jon´ Loptsson, Icelandic chieftain Hreinn Benediktsson 142 (d. 1197) 62, 64 Hrolfs´ saga Gautrekssonar ‘The Saga of Hrolfr´ son of Gautrekr’ 84, Kalinke, Marianne 137 157 Karl Jonsson,´ abbot of Þingeyrar Hrolfs´ saga kraka ‘The Saga of Hrolfr´ monastery (d. 1212/13) 18, 88 Pole-ladder’ 76, 80, 138 Kennedy, John 161 Hryggjarstykki ‘Back Piece’ 58 Ketils saga hœngs ‘The Saga of Ketill Hœnsa-Þoris´ saga ‘The Saga of Salmon’ 17, 76, 135 Hen-Þorir’´ 40, 55, 56 Knytlinga´ saga ‘The Saga of the descendants of Knutr’´ 59, 85 Iceland, physical character and climate konungasogur˛ (see sagas of kings) 2, 3 Kormaks´ saga Ogmundarsonar˛ ‘The economy and institutions 3, 5, 9–10 Saga of Kormakr,´ son of settlement of 2, 5, 11, 53, 73, 76, 90 Ogmundr’˛ 67, 99–106, 110, settlers, origins of 2, 5, 6–7 134 slaves 6, 11 Krakum´ al´ ‘The Lay of Kraka’,´ Icelandic language 5, 13 sometimes called ‘The Dying Isleifr´ Gizurarson, first native bishop Ode of Ragnarr loðbrok’´ 157, in Iceland 45 171 Íslendingabok´ (‘see Book of the Kristni saga ‘The Saga of Christianity’ Icelanders’) 110 Íslendinga saga ‘The Saga of the kvoldvaka¨ ‘evening wake’ (see also Icelanders’ by Sturla Þor´ ðarson reception history of Old 91, 92, 93 Norse-Icelandic sagas) 153, 154 Íslendingasogur¨ (see sagas of Icelanders) Íslenzk fornrit series of editions of Old Lachmann, Karl (see also editions of Icelandic texts (see also editions saga texts) 150, 151 of saga texts) 39, 60, 152 Landnamab´ ok´ (‘see Book of the Land-Takings’)

Index 189

Latin writing in Norway and Iceland 6, Magus´ saga jarls ‘The Saga of Jarl 11, 23, 27, 37, 46 Magus’´ 84 Laxdœla saga ‘The Saga of the people ‘maiden kings’ (meykongar´ ) 121 of Salmon River Valley’ 6, 27, 29, Mallet, Paul-Henri 158 55, 56, 69, 91, 129–30, 134, 136, manuscripts (see also Arni´ Magnusson´ , 143 Hauksbok´ , Mo¨ðruvallabok´ ) 10, Levi-Strauss,´ Claude 124, 125, 24, 57 126 existing manuscript collections and Liestøl, Knut 38 databases of saga texts 141, 146, literacy (see also oral textuality) 10, 148 15 Humanist interest in medieval Norse and lists 22 manuscripts 142, 145, 146 literacy in Latin 44–5 Icelandic manuscripts 14, 45, 58, 81, runic literacy 10, 44 142–3 vernacular literacy in Iceland 20–1, manuscript compilations 59, 85, 22, 43–4 141, 143–5 vernacular textuality in Iceland manuscript copying in Iceland 140, 45–7 141–2, 146 literary borrowing (rittengsl)fromone manuscript production 142 saga to another, as dating manuscript sigla 149 criterion 61, 64, 65, 66–7, 69–70 Norwegian manuscripts 59 Ljosvetninga´ saga ‘The Saga of the tastes of medieval commissioners of Ljosvetningar’´ 55, 90, 91, 108, saga compilations 143, 144–5 162 ‘the new philology’ 141 Ljotr´ Ljot´ olfsson´ (Valla-Ljotr),´ Maurer, Konrad 40 Icelandic chieftain 108, 109, Mauss, Marcel 124 111 McTurk, Rory 66 Lord, Albert Bates 125 Merl´ınusspa´ ‘The Prophecies of Merlin’ lygisogur˛ ‘lying stories’ 18, 19, 21, 28, (see also Geoffrey of 153, 154 Monmouth) 77 Lonnroth,¨ Lars 49, 68, 71, 79, 115, 125, Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben 128 130 Miller, William Ian (see also Andersson and Miller) 131 magic and miracles (see also pagan mixed modality of sagas (see also saga, gods as manifestations of saga modes) 96, 104, 122 Christian Devil; saga, sagas and Morkinskinna ‘Rotten vellum’ 36, 59, the paranormal) 89, 97 85, 133 and sorcery 78, 102–3, 105–6, Mo¨ðruvallabok´ ‘The Book of 116–17 Mo¨ðruvellir’ 57, 66, 67, 100, 144, Magnus´ Hakonarson,´ king of Norway 158 (r. 1263–80) 18 Magnus, Olaus 156, 159 national independence movements in ∗Magnuss´ saga lagabœtis ‘The Saga of Norway and Iceland, Magnus´ the Lawmender’ by connections with saga Sturla Þor´ ðarson 59, 92 scholarship 40, 54, 155

190 Index

nationalist motivation for publication oral traditions and oral literatures 39, of Old Norse texts in Sweden 40–2, 125 and Denmark 156–7 Orkneyinga saga ‘The Saga of the in Norway 157 Orkney Islanders’ 76, 86 Romantic desire in Europe to trace Orosius, early medieval historian 75 national origins 157–8 Old English translation of his Historia n´ıð, shaming insult (see also honour, adversum paganos ‘History personal) 111 Against the Pagans’ 75 Njals´ saga ‘The Saga of Njall’´ 49, 55, Orri Vesteinsson´ 10 56, 61, 71, 90, 93, 110, 113–17, outlawry and outlaws 9, 90, 131 155, 158, 160 ‘noble heathens’ in sagas pagan gods as manifestations of 79 Christian Devil (see also magic Nornagests þattr´ ‘The Tale of and miracles) 78, 89 Nornagestr’ 79 Parcevals saga, translation of Chretien´ Norwegian colonies in the Viking Age de Troyes’ Perceval 81 4, 13 Parry, Milman 125 Norwegian language 5, 14 Percy, Thomas 157 Norwegian literature (see also Latin performance studies 42 writing in Norway and Iceland) Peringskiold,¨ Johan 157, 158 14, 22, 37–8, 57 Poetic (Elder) Edda 14, 77, 120, 121, 130, 159, 164 Oddr Snorrason, monk of Þingeyrar Poole, Russell 104 monastery 62–3 Propp, Vladimir (see also saga, and O’Donoghue, Heather 27, 161 folktale) 124, 137, 170 Ol´ afr´ Haraldsson (St Ol´ afr),´ king of Norway (r. 1015–30) 67, 78, 85, Rafn, Carl Christian 28, 159 86, 89, 132 Ragnars saga loðbrokar´ ‘The Saga of Ol´ afr´ Tryggvason, king of Norway Ragnarr Hairy-breeches’ 76, 80 (r. 995–1000) 29, 58, 67, 78, 79, reception history of Old 86, 89 Norse-Icelandic sagas (see also Ol´ afs´ saga Tryggvasonar ‘Saga of Ol´ afr´ editions of saga texts) 141 Tryggvason’ by Oddr Snorrason ethnic identification as a reason for (see also Oddr Snorrason) 29, interest in Old Norse literature 58, 62, 78 and language 158 Olafur´ Halldorsson´ 41 ‘novelistic fictionality’ of many Old Icelandic Text Society (Hið twentieth-century translations ´ıslenzka fornritafélag) 39 of sagas 161 Old Norse 13, 14 reception of sagas in Iceland 153–5 Old Norse-Icelandic 14, 165 reception of sagas outside Iceland Olrik, Axel 42 156 oral textuality, Icelandic (see also religion, pre-Christian (see also literacy; saga,sagaperformance; Christian religion) 10, 102 saga, poetry and) 12, 38, 47–8, Reykdœla saga ‘The Saga of the people 139 of Reykjadalur’ 55

Index 191

Reykjaholar,´ farm in Western Fjords poetry and (see also sagas of poets; 18, 20, 21, 28, 64 skaldic poetry) 16, 17, 20, 23, riddarasogur¨ (see sagas of knights) 48–9, 57, 61–2, 77, 81–2, 84, r´ımur, stanzaic narrative poems (see 87–8, 95, 101, 103, 105, 117 also reception history of Old saga characterisation 16, 23, 25, Norse-Icelandic sagas) 154 70–1, 72, 77, 80, 83, 85, 90–1, 92, rise in popularity of the novel and 108–9, 134 sagas of Icelanders in the saga chronology 29–30, 36, 52–3, nineteenth and twentieth 60–1, 69, 78, 79, 82, 89–90, 91, centuries 160, 161 109 role of translation in reception of saga genres and sub-genres 11–12, sagas 140, 146, 149, 156, 157, 28, 72, 95–6 159, 160–1 saga literature 7, 30 sagas less popular than pagan Norse saga modes (see also mixed modality myth and heroic legend 159–60 of sagas) 28, 49, 56, 68, 70, 90, Rudbeck, Olaus 156–7 95, 96, 112, 115–16, 122 saga narrative (see also saga saga (saga,pl.sogur/s˛ ogur¨ ) 14–15, 16, structures) 17, 23, 37, 49, 81, 20, 23, 27 109, 131 and fantasy (see saga and the saga performance 17–18, 19, 23, 42, paranormal) 153–4 and folktale 79–80, 126, 133, 137, saga sources 27, 86 138 saga structures (see separate heading and the paranormal (see also magic below) and miracles) 96–8, 115, 116, saga style 98, 105, 110–11 117, 135 saga subjects 19, 72, 88, 90, 92, 108, audiences of 16, 46, 82 110, 114, 118–19 cultural memory and 16 sagaviewsofhistoryandgeography dating criteria (see also literary (see also Christian religion) 26, borrowing) 61, 114 72–3, 75, 77–8, 137 direct and indirect discourse in 27, saga structures 49–50, 111, 124, 126, 50, 81 130–1, 133, 138–9 etymology of saga 15 basic structures of story-telling frœði and saga 21 (binary categories) 125–6, 130, historicity of sagas 21, 23, 28, 41, 43, 137 56, 155, 161, 162 structural syntagms of sagas 126, ‘immanent wholes’ of sagas 42–3, 127, 135 69 structure and meaning of sagas, inﬂuence of Christian literature on including thematic paradigms 10, 38, 42, 47, 112, 162 125, 126, 130, 134, 135–6, literary merit of, connected with 137 mode and date of composition structures of conﬂict and resolution 55, 56, 61, 66 127–8, 129, 131, 135 origins of saga form 14, 17, 26, 38, structures of life-history (see also 40, 41, 47, 48, 85 genealogy) 129, 131–6

192 Index

saga structures (cont.) as vernacular authority 27, 86–8 structures of travel and the influenced by troubadour love acquisition of knowledge 132, poetry? 104, 105 134, 136, 137, 138 skalds’ sagas (see sagas of poets) Saganet, digital resource 148 ∗Skjoldunga˛ saga ‘The Saga of the sagas of ancient time, mythical-heroic Skjoldungar˛ [Danish royal sagas (fornaldarsogur¨ ) 19, 20, 21, house]’ 85 28, 30, 53, 54, 57, 59, 62, 64, 73, sorcery (see magic and sorcery) 76–80, 82, 84, 97, 98, 118, 123, Spesar þattr´ ‘The Tale of Spes “Hope”’ 126, 133, 137, 145, 150, 157, 159, (see also Grettis saga 163 Asmundarsonar´ ) 126 sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasogur¨ ) 4, St Michael the archangel 110, 112 17, 29, 30, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, Stefan´ Karlsson 143 62, 70, 73, 84, 89–91, 92, 98, 100, stjupmœ´ ðra sogur˛ ‘stepmothers’ tales’ 103, 125, 126, 127, 136, 155, 159, 28–9 163 Strengleikar ‘Stringed Instruments’, sagas of kings (konungasogur˛ ) 17, 27, Norwegian translation of French 28, 29, 30, 53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 73, lais 59 76, 84–9, 101, 132 Sturla Þor´ ðarson (1214–84), Icelandic sagas of knights, translated and historian (see also Hakonar´ saga indigenous romances Hakonarsonar´ ; Íslendinga saga; (riddarasogur¨ ) 22, 30, 51, 53, 54, ∗Magnuss´ saga lagabœtis) 18, 29, 57, 59, 68, 73, 80–4, 97, 121, 122, 57, 59, 81, 91, 92 126, 133, 137, 145, 150 Sturlung Age (see Age of the Sturlungs) sagas of outlaws (see also outlawry and Sturlunga saga ‘The Saga of the outlaws) 134–5 Sturlungs [Sturlungar]’ 91, 92, sagas of poets (skaldas´ ogur¨ ) 20, 67, 90, 145 100–1, 131, 134–5 Styrmir Karason,´ prior of Viðey saints’ lives 11, 22, 30, 36, 46, 73, monastery 58 84–5 Stong,¨ farm in Þjors´ ardalur,´ Iceland 3 samt´ıðarsogur¨ (see contemporary Størssøn, Mattis 157 sagas) ‘Summary of the Sagas of the Kings of Saxo grammaticus 11, 138 Norway’ (Agrip´ af Noregs´ Schier, Kurt 30, 53, 55 konunga sogum˛ ) 22, 27 Schjødt, Jens Peter 138 supernatural (see saga, saga and the Scott, Sir Walter 159 paranormal) Sexstefja ‘Six Refrains’, poem by Svarfdœla saga ‘The Saga of the people Þjo´ ðolfr´ Arnorsson´ 88 of Svarfaðardalur’ 17, 108 Sigurður Nordal 12, 39, 41, 54, 67, Sverrir Sigurðarson, king of Norway 142 (r. 1177–1202) 18, 19, 21, 87 Skaldatal´ ‘List of Poets’ 87 Sverris saga ‘The Saga of [King] skaldic poetry (see also saga, poetry Sverrir’ 85, 88 and) 14, 30, 46, 50, 53, 103, Sæmundr ‘the wise’ Sigfusson´ 164–5 (1056–1133) 58, 64 as royal propaganda 88 Savborg,¨ Daniel 98, 115–16

Index 193

Tegner,´ Bishop Esaias 160 Wawn, Andrew 160 The First Grammatical Treatise wergild 8 20 William of Jumieges,` ‘Acts of the Dukes Torfi Tulinius 64, 77, 80 of the Normans’ (Gesta translations into Norwegian and Normannorum Ducum) 26, 86 Icelandic 30, 80–1, 82 world-view, medieval Icelandic 73–4, Tristrams saga, Old Norse translation 95, 98 of the Tristan of Thomas of Worm, Ole 156, 157, 158 Britain 80 Tristrams saga ok Ísondar¨ ‘The Saga Ynglingatal ‘List of the Ynglingar’, of Tristram and Is´ ond’¨ poem by Þjo´ ðolfr´ of Hvinir 86 161 Yngvarr runestones in Sweden 63 Trojumanna´ saga ‘The story of the men Yngvars saga v´ıðforla˛ ‘The Saga of of Troy’ 17 Yngvarr the Widely travelled’ 62, Troy, fall of 75, 136 63, 133 Turville-Petre, Gabriel 48 þattr´ (pl. þættir) 36, 85, 130, 133–4, 136 valkyries 115, 116, 117, 120 Þorgils saga ok Hafliða ‘The Saga of Valla-Ljots´ saga ‘The Saga of Ljotr´ of Þorgils and Hafliði’ 18–19, 20, Vellir’ (see also Ljotr´ Ljot´ olfsson´ ) 21, 28, 49, 76 56, 106–12, 162 Þormo´ ðrKolbrunarsk´ ald´ ‘Kolbrun’s´ Vapnfir´ ðinga saga ‘The Saga of the Poet’ Bersason 67 people of Vopnafjor¨ ður’ 56 Þormo´ ður Torfason 156 Vatnsdœla saga ‘The Saga of the people Þorsteins þattr´ stangarhoggs˛ ‘The Tale of Vatnsdalur’ 56, 70, 90, 127, of Þorsteinn Staff-struck’ 128 128 ∗Vatnshyrna ‘The [manuscript] from Orn¨ olfur´ Thorsson 60 Vatnshorn’ 144–5 Orvar-Odds˛ saga ‘The Saga of Verelius, Olaus 150, 157, 158 Arrow-Oddr’ 76, 79, 117–22, 135 Vesteinn´ Olason´ 55 journey to Bjalkaland´ and its V´ıga-Glums´ saga ‘The Saga of significance 119, 122 Killer-Glumr’´ 55 shield-maiden episode 119, 120, Viking expansion 4, 73 121, 122, 123 Volsunga˛ saga ‘The Saga of the the Huns and Hunaland´ ‘Land of Volsungs’ 60, 76, 77, 80, 120, the Huns’ 119, 120, 121 133, 138 Orvar-Oddr˛ 79, 133