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Antiseptics and Disinfectants for the Treatment Of
Verstraelen et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:148 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/12/148 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Antiseptics and disinfectants for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review Hans Verstraelen1*, Rita Verhelst2, Kristien Roelens1 and Marleen Temmerman1,2 Abstract Background: The study objective was to assess the available data on efficacy and tolerability of antiseptics and disinfectants in treating bacterial vaginosis (BV). Methods: A systematic search was conducted by consulting PubMed (1966-2010), CINAHL (1982-2010), IPA (1970- 2010), and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Clinical trials were searched for by the generic names of all antiseptics and disinfectants listed in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System under the code D08A. Clinical trials were considered eligible if the efficacy of antiseptics and disinfectants in the treatment of BV was assessed in comparison to placebo or standard antibiotic treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin and if diagnosis of BV relied on standard criteria such as Amsel’s and Nugent’s criteria. Results: A total of 262 articles were found, of which 15 reports on clinical trials were assessed. Of these, four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were withheld from analysis. Reasons for exclusion were primarily the lack of standard criteria to diagnose BV or to assess cure, and control treatment not involving placebo or standard antibiotic treatment. Risk of bias for the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Three studies showed non-inferiority of chlorhexidine and polyhexamethylene biguanide compared to metronidazole or clindamycin. One RCT found that a single vaginal douche with hydrogen peroxide was slightly, though significantly less effective than a single oral dose of metronidazole. -
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilization and Disinfection Sterilization is defined as the process where all the living microorganisms, including bacterial spores are killed. Sterilization can be achieved by physical, chemical and physiochemical means. Chemicals used as sterilizing agents are called chemisterilants. Disinfection is the process of elimination of most pathogenic microorganisms (excluding bacterial spores) on inanimate objects. Disinfection can be achieved by physical or chemical methods. Chemicals used in disinfection are called disinfectants. Different disinfectants have different target ranges, not all disinfectants can kill all microorganisms. Some methods of disinfection such as filtration do not kill bacteria, they separate them out. Sterilization is an absolute condition while disinfection is not. The two are not synonymous. Decontamination is the process of removal of contaminating pathogenic microorganisms from the articles by a process of sterilization or disinfection. It is the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy living organisms on a surface so that the organisms are no longer infectious. Sanitization is the process of chemical or mechanical cleansing, applicable in public health systems. Usually used by the food industry. It reduces microbes on eating utensils to safe, acceptable levels for public health. Asepsis is the employment of techniques (such as usage of gloves, air filters, uv rays etc) to achieve microbe-free environment. Antisepsis is the use of chemicals (antiseptics) to make skin or mucus membranes devoid of pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteriostasis is a condition where the multiplication of the bacteria is inhibited without killing them. Bactericidal is that chemical that can kill or inactivate bacteria. Such chemicals may be called variously depending on the spectrum of activity, such as bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, microbicidal, sporicidal, tuberculocidal or germicidal. -
Influence of Additives and Storage Temperature on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Eye Drops Containing Cefazolin
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research, Vol. 63 No. 3 pp. 225ñ234, 2006 ISSN 0001-6837 Polish Pharmaceutical Society PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF EYE DROPS CONTAINING CEFAZOLIN. ANNA KODYM 1, TOMASZ ZAWISZA 2, KAMILA BUèKA 2 and HELENA KUKU£A 3 1 Department of Drug Form Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 2 Department of Drug Form Technology, 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Bacteriology; K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in PoznaÒ Abstract: The purpose of the studies was to choose additives for eye drops containing cefazolin and the assess- ment of the influence of used additives and the storage temperature on the physicochemical properties and the stability of the eye drops. The drops were 1% sterile solutions of cefazolin in citrate buffer of pH 6.15-6.20. The drops were preserved with 0.002% thiomersal or 0.001% phenylmercuric borate mixed with 0.4% β- phenylethyl alcohol. Viscosity of the eye drops was increased using polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL). The pharma- ceutical compatibility test of selected additives with cefazolin showed the pharmaceutical interaction of 1% solution of cefazolin with higher than 0.003% concentration of thiomersal, 0.005% benzalkonium chloride and 0.01% chlorhexidine diacetate. The drops, protected from light, were stored at the temperature of 4∞C and 20∞C. As the criteria of the qualitative assessment of freshly prepared drops and during their storage, the following properties were considered: organoleptic analysis, sterility, pH, osmotic pressure, density, viscosity, antimicro- bial activity of cefazolin and preservation efficiency of thiomersal and phenylmercuric borate in the eye drops. -
Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report
Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany). -
Sodium Borohydride (Nabh4) Itself Is a Relatively Mild Reducing Agent
1770 Vol. 35 (1987) Chem. Pharm. Bull. _35( 5 )1770-1776(1987). Reactions of Sodium Borohydride. IV.1) Reduction of Aromatic Sulfonyl Chlorides with Sodium Borohydride ATSUKO NOSE and TADAHIRO KUDO* Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815, Japan (Received September 12, 1986) Aromatic sulfonyl chlorides were reduced with sodium borohydride in tetrahydrofuran at 0•Ž to the corresponding sulfinic acids in good yields. Further reduction proceeded when the reaction was carried out under reflux in tetrahydrofuran to give disulfide and thiophenol derivatives via sulfinic acid. Furthermore, sulfonamides were reduced with sodium borohydride by heating directly to give sulfide, disulfide and thiophenol derivatives, and diphenyl sulfone was reduced under similar conditions to give thiophenol and biphenyl. Keywords reduction; sodium borohydride; aromatic sulfonyl chloride; sulfonamide; sulfone; aromatic sulfinic acid; disulfide; sulfide; thiophenol Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) itself is a relatively mild reducing agent which is extensively used for the selective reduction of the carbonyl group of ketone, aldehyde and (carboxylic) acid halide derivatives. In the previous papers, we reported that NaBI-14 can reduce some functional groups, such as carboxylic anhydrides,2) carboxylic acids3) and nitro compounds.1) As a continuation of these studies, in the present paper, we wish to report the reduction of aromatic sulfonyl chlorides, sulfinic acids and sulfonamides with NaBH4. Many methods have been reported for the reduction of sulfonyl chlorides to sulfinic acids, such as the use of sodium sulfite,4a-d) zinc,5) electrolytic reduction,6) catalytic reduction,7) magnesium,8) sodium amalgam,9) sodium hydrogen sulfite,10) stannous chlo- TABLE I. -
Risto Laitinen/August 4, 2016 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Division VIII Chemical Nomenclature and Structur
Approved Minutes, Busan 2015 Risto Laitinen/August 4, 2016 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Division VIII Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Approved Minutes of Division Committee Meeting in Busan, Korea, 8–9 August, 2015 1. Welcome, introductory remarks and housekeeping announcements Karl-Heinz Hellwich (KHH) welcomed everybody to the meeting, extending a special welcome to those who were attending the Division Committee meeting for the first time. He described house rules and arrangements during the meeting. KHH also regretfully reported that it has come to his attention that since the Bangor meeting in August 2014, Prof. Derek Horton (Member, Division VIII task groups on Carbohydrate and Flavonoids nomenclature; Associate Member, IUBMB-IUPAC Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature) and Dr. Libuse Goebels, Member of the former Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry) have passed away. The meeting attendees paid a tribute to their memory by a moment of silence. 2. Attendance and apologies Present: Karl-Heinz Hellwich (president, KHH) , Risto Laitinen (acting secretary, RSL), Richard Hartshorn (past-president, RMH), Michael Beckett (MAB), Alan Hutton (ATH), Gerry P. Moss (GPM), Michelle Rogers (MMR), Jiří Vohlídal (JV), Andrey Yerin (AY) Observers: Leah McEwen (part time, chair of proposed project, LME), Elisabeth Mansfield (task group chair, EM), Johan Scheers (young observer, day 1; JS), Prof. Kazuyuki Tatsumi (past- president of the union, part of day 2) Apologies: Ture Damhus (secretary, TD), Vefa Ahsen, Kirill Degtyarenko, Gernot Eller, Mohammed Abul Hashem, Phil Hodge (PH), Todd Lowary, József Nagy, Ebbe Nordlander (EN), Amélia Pilar Rauter (APR), Hinnerk Rey (HR), John Todd, Lidija Varga-Defterdarović. -
Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds
Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds Library Listing – 1,523 spectra Subset of Aldrich FT-IR Library related to organometallic, inorganic, boron and deueterium compounds. The Aldrich Material-Specific FT-IR Library collection represents a wide variety of the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals' most common chemicals divided by similar functional groups. These spectra were assembled from the Aldrich Collections of FT-IR Spectra Editions I or II, and the data has been carefully examined and processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 1066 ((R)-(+)-2,2'- 1193 (1,2- BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHAN BINAPH)(1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE) E)TUNGSTEN TETRACARBONYL, 1068 ((R)-(+)-2,2'- 97% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- 1062 (1,3- BINAPHTHYL)PALLADIUM(II) CH BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PROPA 1067 ((S)-(-)-2,2'- NE)DICHLORONICKEL(II) BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- 598 (1,3-DIOXAN-2- BINAPH)(1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE) YLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE, 1140 (+)-(S)-1-((R)-2- 96% (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCE 1063 (1,4- NYL)ETHYL METHYL ETHER, 98 BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUTAN 1146 (+)-(S)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-((R)-1',2- E)(1,5- BIS(DI- CYCLOOCTADIENE)RHODIUM(I) PHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCENY TET L)E 951 (1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE)(2,4- 1142 (+)-(S)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-((R)-2- PENTANEDIONATO)RHODIUM(I), (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCE 99% NYL)ETHYLAMIN 1033 (1,5- 407 (+)-3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3- CYCLOOCTADIENE)BIS(METHYLD TETRAISOPROPYL-1,3- IPHENYLPHOSPHINE)IRIDIUM(I) -
1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5- -
PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to the TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2020) Revision 19 Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Meeting Materials)
California State Board of Pharmacy BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY 1625 N. Market Blvd, N219, Sacramento, CA 95834 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS Phone: (916) 574-7900 GOVERNOR EDMUND G. BROWN JR. Fax: (916) 574-8618 www.pharmacy.ca.gov ENFORCEMENT AND COMPOUNDING COMMITTEE REPORT April 18, 2017 Amy Gutierrez, PharmD, Licensee Member, Chair Allen Schaad, Licensee Member, Vice Chair Greg Lippe, Public Member Stan Weisser, Licensee Member Valerie Muñoz, Public Member Ricardo Sanchez, Public Member I. Call to Order, Establishment of Quorum, and General Announcements II. Public Comments on Items Not on the Agenda/Agenda Items for Future Meetings Note: The board may not discuss or take action on any matter raised during this public comment section that is not included on this agenda, except to decide whether to place the matter on the agenda of a future meeting. [Government Code sections 11125, 11125.7(a)] III. Enforcement Matters a. University of California, San Diego’s Pilot Program to Permit Patients to Access Medications from an Automated Drug Delivery System Not Immediately Adjacent to the Pharmacy Background At the April 2015 Board Meeting, the board approved an 18-month pilot study under the auspices of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Pharmacy involving use of an automated drug delivery system (ADDS) for prescription medication from which staff of Sharp Hospital in San Diego and their families, who opted in, could pick up their outpatient medications. Consultation would be provided via telephone before medication could be dispensed to a patient for first time fills. Since that time the committee has received quarterly updates on the study, including usage of the system. -
Alcohol ⊗ Hypoglycaemia, and Hypokalaemia May Occur
Acridine Derivatives/Alcohol 1625 Acriflavinium Chloride (rINN) Pharmacopoeias. Chin., Eur. (see p.vii), and Jpn describe the Booze; Drinks; Grog; Juice; Jungle juice; Liq; Liquor; Lunch head; Moonshine; Piss; Sauce; Schwillins. Acriflavine; Acriflavine Hydrochloride; Acriflavinii Chloridum; monohydrate. Ph. Eur. 6.2 (Ethacridine Lactate Monohydrate). A yellow crys- Acriflavinii Dichloridum; Acriflavinium, Chlorure d’; Akriflavinium- Pharmacopoeias. Various strengths are included in Br., Chin., talline powder. Sparingly soluble in water; very slightly soluble chlorid; Cloruro de acriflavinio. A mixture of 3,6-diamino-10- Eur. (see p.vii), Int., Jpn, US, and Viet. Also in USNF. in alcohol; practically insoluble in dichloromethane. A 2% solu- In Martindale the term alcohol is used for alcohol 95 or 96% v/v. methylacridinium chloride hydrochloride and 3,6-diaminoacrid- tion in water has a pH of 5.5 to 7.0. Protect from light. ine dihydrochloride. Ph. Eur. 6.2 (Ethanol, Anhydrous; Ethanolum Anhydricum; Etha- nol BP 2008). It contains not less than 99.5% v/v or 99.2% w/w Акрифлавиния Хлорид Proflavine Hemisulfate of C2H5OH at 20°. A colourless, clear, volatile, flammable, hy- CAS — 8063-24-9; 65589-70-0. Proflavine Hemisulphate (pINNM); Hemisulfato de proflavina; groscopic liquid; it burns with a blue, smokeless flame. B.p. ATC — R02AA13. Neutral Proflavine Sulphate; Proflavine, Hémisulfate de; Proflavini about 78°. Miscible with water and with dichloromethane. Pro- ATC Vet — QG01AC90; QR02AA13. Hemisulfas. 3,6-Diaminoacridine sulphate dihydrate. tect from light. The BP 2008 gives Absolute Alcohol and Dehydrated Alcohol Профлавина Гемисульфат as approved synonyms. (C13H11N3)2,H2SO4,2H2O = 552.6. Ph. Eur. 6.2 (Ethanol (96 per cent)).