High Abundance of Invasive African Clawed Frog Xenopus Laevis in Chile: Challenges for Their Control and Updated Invasive Distribution
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Disease and Clinical Signs Poster
African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis Diseases and Clinical Signs in Photographs Therese Jones-Green University Biomedical Services Abstract Reported clinical signs associated with ill health and Clinical signs found between 2016 to 2018 Many diseases of Xenopus laevis frogs have been described in the • Opened in 2005, the biofacility can hold up to 900 female and 240 disease Clinical signs found between 2016 to 2018 male frogs in a Marine Biotech (now serviced by MBK Installations Ltd.) • 80 recirculating aquatic system. • Buoyancy problems 70 bridge this gap using photographs taken of frogs with clinical signs. The system monitors parameters such as: temperature, pH, • • Changes in activity e.g. lethargy or easily startled. My aims are: conductivity, and Total Gas Pressure. 60 • Unusual amount of skin shedding. 2018 • To share my experiences, via images, to help improve the welfare and • Frogs are maintained on mains fed water with a 20% water exchange. 50 ases • Weight loss, or failure to feed correctly. c husbandry of this species. • 2017 • Coelomic (body cavity) distention. 40 • To stimulate a dialogue which results in further sharing of ideas and 2016 Whole body bloat. 30 information. • Frogs are held under a 12 hour light/dark cycle. • Number of • Each tank has a PVC enrichment tube (30cm x 10cm), with smoothed • Fungal strands/tufts. 20 Introduction cut edges. • Sores or tremors at extremities (forearms and toes). 10 Between January 2016 and October 2018, cases of ill health and disease • Frogs are fed three times a week with a commercial trout pellet. • Redness or red spots. 0 Oedema Red leg Red leg (bad Red leg Gas bubble Sores on forearm Opaque cornea Skeletal Growth (cartilage Scar Cabletie Missing claws Eggbound in a colony of Xenopus laevis frogs housed by the University Biological hormone) (nematodes) disease deformity under skin) • The focus of the research undertaken in the biofacility is embryonic and • Excessive slime/mucous production or not enough (dry dull skin). -
Table S1. Nakharuthai and Srisapoome (2020)
Primer name Nucleotide sequence (5’→3’) Purpose CXC-1F New TGAACCCTGAGCTGAAGGCCGTGA Real-time PCR CXC-1R New TGAAGGTCTGATGAGTTTGTCGTC Real-time PCR CXC-1R CCTTCAGCTCAGGGTTCAAGC Genomic PCR CXC-2F New GCTTGAACCCCGAGCTGAAAAACG Real-time PCR CXC-2R New GTTCAGAGGTCGTATGAGGTGCTT Real-time PCR CXC-2F CAAGCAGGACAACAGTGTCTGTGT 3’RACE CXC-2AR GTTGCATGATTTGGATGCTGGGTAG 5’RACE CXC-1FSB AACATATGTCTCCCAGGCCCAACTCAAAC Southern blot CXC-1RSB CTCGAGTTATTTTGCACTGATGTGCAA Southern blot CXC1Exon1F CAAAGTGTTTCTGCTCCTGG Genomic PCR On-CXC1FOverEx CATATGCAACTCAAACAAGCAGGACAACAGT Overexpression On-CXC1ROverEx CTCGAGTTTTGCACTGATGTGCAATTTCAA Overexpression On-CXC2FOverEx CATATGCAACTCAAACAAGCAGGACAACAGT Overexpression On-CXC2ROverEx CTCGAGCATGGCAGCTGTGGAGGGTTCCAC Overexpression β-actinrealtimeF ACAGGATGCAGAAGGAGATCACAG Real-time PCR β-actinrealtimeR GTACTCCTGCTTGCTGATCCACAT Real-time PCR M13F AAAACGACGGCCAG Nucleotide sequencing M13R AACAGCTATGACCATG Nucleotide sequencing UPM-long (0.4 µM) CTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCAAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGT RACE PCR UPM-short (2 µM) CTAATAC GACTCACTATA GGGC RACE PCR Table S1. Nakharuthai and Srisapoome (2020) On-CXC1 Nucleotide (%) Amino acid (%) On-CXC2 Nucleotide (%) Amino acid (%) Versus identity identity similarity Versus identity identity Similarity Teleost fish 1. Rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (AB703273) 64.5 49.1 68.1 O. fasciatus 70.7 57.7 75.4 2. Mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi (AAY79282) 63.2 48.1 68.9 S. chuatsi 70.5 54.0 78.8 3. Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (ACY54778) 52.0 39.3 51.1 H. hippoglossus 64.5 46.3 63.9 4. Common carp IL-8, Cyprinus carpio (ABE47600) 44.9 19.1 34.1 C. carpio 49.4 21.9 42.6 5. Rainbow trout IL-8, Oncorhynchus mykiss (CAC33585) 44.0 21.3 36.3 O. mykiss 47.3 23.7 44.4 6. Japanese flounder IL-8, Paralichthys olivaceus (AAL05442) 48.4 25.4 45.9 P. -
Xenopus for Dummies.Docx
Xenopus for DUMMIES 1 Xenopus for DUMMIES OUTLINE Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 1. Why is Xenopus interesting for iGEM? ........................................................................... 4 2. Requirements before planning to work on Xenopus......................................................... 5 3. Guidelines to define an iGEM project with Xenopus ........................................................ 5 4. The micro-injection procedure ........................................................................................ 7 a. Step 1: Fertilized eggs ........................................................................................ 7 b. Step 2: DNA injection .......................................................................................... 7 c. Place the injected embryos in incubator 21°C ..................................................... 8 d. The following days .............................................................................................. 8 e. Embryos injection: efficiency ............................................................................... 8 5. The biobrick plasmids for Xenopus ................................................................................. 9 6. Xenopus debugging tool ............................................................................................... 10 a. How? ................................................................................................................ -
Association of DNA with Nuclear Matrix in in Vitro Assembled Nuclei
Cell Research (1997), 7, 107-117 Association of DNA with nuclear matrix in in vitro as- sembled nuclei induced by rDNA from Tetrahymena shang- haiensis in Xenopus egg extracts CHEN YING, BO ZHANG, XIU FEN LI, ZHONG HE ZHAI Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 ABSTRACT The nuclei assembled from exogenous DNA or chro- matin in egg extracts resemble their in vivo counterparts in many aspects. However, the distribution pattern of DNA in these nuclei remains unknown. We introduced rDNA from the macronuclei of Tetrahymena into Xenopus cell- free extracts to examine the association of specific DNA sequences with nuclear matrix (NM) in the nuclei assem- bled in vitro. Our previous works showed the 5'NTS (non- transcription sequences) of the rDNA specifically bind to the NM system in the macronuclei. We show now the rDNA could induce chromatin assembly and nuclear for- mation in Xenopus cell-free system. When we extracted the NM system and compared the binding affinity of differ- ent regions of rDNA with the NM system, we found that the 5'NTS still hold their binding affinity with insoluble structure of the assembled nuclei in the extracts of Xeno- pus eggs. Key words: Nuclear assembly, nuclear matrix, Xeno- pus egg extracts, Tetrahymena rDNA. On the occasion of Professor Lu Ji SHI's (L. C. Sze), eightieth birthday, we present this paper and extend our sincere greetings to Professor SHI. As we mentioned in our paper, in early 1950's, it is Professor SHI who first studied the behavior of exogenous homologous desoxyribose nucleoprotein (chromatin) in amphibian eggs. -
Enhanced XAO: the Ontology of Xenopus Anatomy And
Segerdell et al. Journal of Biomedical Semantics 2013, 4:31 http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/31 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SEMANTICS RESEARCH Open Access Enhanced XAO: the ontology of Xenopus anatomy and development underpins more accurate annotation of gene expression and queries on Xenbase Erik Segerdell1*, Virgilio G Ponferrada2, Christina James-Zorn2, Kevin A Burns2, Joshua D Fortriede2, Wasila M Dahdul3,4, Peter D Vize5 and Aaron M Zorn2 Abstract Background: The African clawed frogs Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis are prominent animal model organisms. Xenopus research contributes to the understanding of genetic, developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying human disease. The Xenopus Anatomy Ontology (XAO) reflects the anatomy and embryological development of Xenopus. The XAO provides consistent terminology that can be applied to anatomical feature descriptions along with a set of relationships that indicate how each anatomical entity is related to others in the embryo, tadpole, or adult frog. The XAO is integral to the functionality of Xenbase (http://www. xenbase.org), the Xenopus model organism database. Results: We significantly expanded the XAO in the last five years by adding 612 anatomical terms, 2934 relationships between them, 640 synonyms, and 547 ontology cross-references. Each term now has a definition, so database users and curators can be certain they are selecting the correct term when specifying an anatomical entity. With developmental timing information now asserted for every anatomical term, the ontology provides internal checks that ensure high-quality gene expression and phenotype data annotation. The XAO, now with 1313 defined anatomical and developmental stage terms, has been integrated with Xenbase expression and anatomy term searches and it enables links between various data types including images, clones, and publications. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Toxicon 60 (2012) 967–981 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions Enrico König a,*, Mei Zhou b, Lei Wang b, Tianbao Chen b, Olaf R.P. Bininda-Emonds a, Chris Shaw b a AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU – Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany b Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK article info abstract Article history: The skin secretions of frogs and toads (Anura) have long been a known source of a vast Received 23 March 2012 abundance of bioactive substances. -
Stages of Embryonic Development of the Zebrafish
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS 2032553’10 (1995) Stages of Embryonic Development of the Zebrafish CHARLES B. KIMMEL, WILLIAM W. BALLARD, SETH R. KIMMEL, BONNIE ULLMANN, AND THOMAS F. SCHILLING Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1254 (C.B.K., S.R.K., B.U., T.F.S.); Department of Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 (W.W.B.) ABSTRACT We describe a series of stages for Segmentation Period (10-24 h) 274 development of the embryo of the zebrafish, Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. We define seven broad peri- Pharyngula Period (24-48 h) 285 ods of embryogenesis-the zygote, cleavage, blas- Hatching Period (48-72 h) 298 tula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods. These divisions highlight the Early Larval Period 303 changing spectrum of major developmental pro- Acknowledgments 303 cesses that occur during the first 3 days after fer- tilization, and we review some of what is known Glossary 303 about morphogenesis and other significant events that occur during each of the periods. Stages sub- References 309 divide the periods. Stages are named, not num- INTRODUCTION bered as in most other series, providing for flexi- A staging series is a tool that provides accuracy in bility and continued evolution of the staging series developmental studies. This is because different em- as we learn more about development in this spe- bryos, even together within a single clutch, develop at cies. The stages, and their names, are based on slightly different rates. We have seen asynchrony ap- morphological features, generally readily identi- pearing in the development of zebrafish, Danio fied by examination of the live embryo with the (Brachydanio) rerio, embryos fertilized simultaneously dissecting stereomicroscope. -
Helical Insertion of Peptidoglycan Produces Chiral Ordering of the Bacterial Cell Wall
Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces PNAS PLUS chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall Siyuan Wanga,b, Leon Furchtgottc,d, Kerwyn Casey Huangd,1, and Joshua W. Shaevitza,e,1 aLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; bDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; cBiophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; dDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and eDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08854 AUTHOR SUMMARY Cells from all kingdoms of wall growth to demonstrate life face the task of that patterning of cell-wall constructing a specific, synthesis by left-handed mechanically robust three- MreB polymers leads to a dimensional (3D) cell shape right-handed chiral from molecular-scale organization of the glycan components. For many strands. This organization bacteria, maintaining a rigid, produces a left-handed rod-like shape facilitates a twisting of the cell body diverse range of behaviors during elongational growth. including swimming motility, We then confirm the detection of chemical existence of right-handed gradients, and nutrient access Fig. P1. Helical insertion of material into the bacterial cell wall (green) glycan organization in E. coli during elongational growth, guided by the protein MreB (yellow), leads and waste evacuation in by osmotically shocking biofilms. The static shape of to an emergent chiral order in the cell-wall network and twisting of the cell that can be visualized using surface-bound beads (red). surface-labeled cells and a bacterial cell is usually directly measuring the defined by the cell wall, a difference in stiffness macromolecular polymer network composed of glycan strands between the longitudinal and transverse directions. -
Pre-Incursion Plan PIP003 Toads and Frogs
Pre-incursion Plan PIP003 Toads and Frogs Scope This plan is in place to guide prevention and eradication activities and the management of non-indigenous populations of Toads and Frogs (Order Anura) in the wild in Victoria. Version Document Status Date Author Reviewed By Approved for Release 1.0 First Draft 26/07/11 Dana Price M. Corry, S. Wisniewski and A. Woolnough 1.1 Second Draft 21/10/11 Dana Price S. Wisniewski 2.0 Final Draft 11/01/12 Dana Price S.Wisniewski 2.1 Final 27/06/12 Dana Price M.Corry Visual Standard approved by ADP 3.0 New Final 6/10/15 Dana Price A.Kay New DEDJTR template and document revision Acknowledgement and special thanks to Peter Courtenay, Senior Curator, Zoos Victoria, for reviewing this document and providing comments. Published by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Agriculture Victoria, May 2016 © The State of Victoria 2016. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000. Front cover: Cane Toad (Rhinella marinus) Photo: Image courtesy of Ryan Melville, HRIA Team, DEDJTR For more information about Agriculture Victoria go to www.agriculture.vic.gov.au or phone the Customer Service Centre on 136 186. ISBN 978-1-925532-37-1 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. -
Anura: Calyptocephalellidae)
Phyllomedusa 19(1):99–106, 2020 © 2020 Universidade de São Paulo - ESALQ ISSN 1519-1397 (print) / ISSN 2316-9079 (online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v19i1p99-106 Chondrocranial and hyobranchial structure in two South American suctorial tadpoles of the genus Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephalellidae) J. Ramón Formas1 and César C. Cuevas1,2 ¹ Laboratorio de Sistemática, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile. Valdivia, Chile. E-mail: [email protected]. ² Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Temuco. Chile. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Chondrocranial and hyobranchial structure in two South American suctorial tadpoles of the genus Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephalellidae). The chondrocranium, hyobranchium, rectus abdominis muscle, and epaxial musculature of Telmatobufo australis and T. ignotus are described. In addition, these structures were compared wih those of the non-suctorial Calyptocephalella gayi, the sister group of Telmatobufo. Keywords: Evolution, larval morphology, southern Chile, suctorial tadpoles. Resumen Estructura del condrocráneo y aparato hiobranquial de dos renacuajos suctores sudamericanos del género Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephallidae). Se describen los condrocráneos, aparatos hiobranquiales, músculo recto abdominal, y la musculatura epaxial de Telmabufo australis y T. ignotus. En adición, los renacuajos de Telmatobufo se comparan con los de Calyptocephalella gayi, el grupo hermano de Telmatobufo. Palabras claves: evolución, morfología larvaria, renacuajos suctores, sur de Chile. Resumo Estrutura do condrocrânio e do aparelho hiobranquial de dois girinos suctoriais sulamericanos do gênero Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephalellidae). Descrevemos aqui o condrocrânio, o aparelho hiobranquial, o músculo reto-abdominal e a musculatura epiaxial de Telmabufo australis e T. ignotus. Além disso, comparamos os girinos de Telmatobufo aos de Calyptocephalella gayi, o grupo-irmão de Telmatobufo. -
Downloaded Onto a Computer to Assist with the Transcribing of Interviews
Rhodes University Department of Education AN INVESTIGATION OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AMPHIBIANS AMONGST GRADE 7 LEARNERS AND EDUCATORS: TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RESOURCE PACK Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF EDUCATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION by Louise Gordon August 2009 ABSTRACT The value of frogs is compared to the value of canaries used in coalmines: they are indicators of the environmental status of our environments, thus crucial to our survival. One third of all frogs worldwide are threatened with extinction. Frogs are found in our immediate environment. Are our Natural Science educators, teaching the Life and Living curriculum aware of this threat, the possible impact that the extinction of frogs will have on our welfare? Are our educators making use of the resources in their immediate environment? This study aimed to investigate the prior knowledge in both the horizontal and vertical discourse, in Grade7 learners and their educators, to inform the design of an amphibian resource pack. By investigating their prior knowledge an insight would be gained in their knowledge of Natural Science concepts as well as their everyday knowledge of their immediate natural environment. It would also highlight any misconceptions formed as well as alternative concepts within both educator and learner groups. These insights would be used to inform the contents of said resource pack. i Acknowledgements Writing a thesis on order to obtain a masters degree is similar to undergoing a metamorphosis. Ideas start out quite small, contained in an egg capsule, the egg hatches signaling the beginning of development.. The field work is similar to a tadpole swimming in a pond but once the interpretation of data starts, again it signals even more development, ready for the tadpole to turn into a frog, jumping out of the small pond to explore life beyond. -
GAYANA Evidence of Predation on the Helmeted Water
GAYANA Gayana (2020) vol. 84, No. 1, 64-67 DOI: XXXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX SHORT COMMUNICATION Evidence of predation on the Helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) by the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis (Daudin 1802) Evidencia de depredación sobre la rana chilena Calyptocephalella gayi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) por la rana africana invasora Xenopus laevis (Daudin 1802) Pablo Fibla1,*, José M. Serrano1,2, Franco Cruz-Jofré1,3, Alejandra A. Fabres1, Francisco Ramírez4, Paola A. Sáez1, Katherin E. Otálora1 & Marco A. Méndez1 1Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 2Laboratorio de Comunicación Animal, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile. 3Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile. 4Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. *E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We report the first record of predation on a Helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi tadpole by an adult specimen of the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis in the locality of Pichi, Alhué (Santiago Metropolitan Region). This finding is discussed in the light of new sightings, in which both species have been detected to coexist in different localities of central Chile. Keywords: Anura, Central Chile, invasive species, semi-urban wetlands RESUMEN Se reporta el primer registro de depredación de una larva de rana chilena Calyptocephalella gayi por un espécimen adulto de la rana africana invasora Xenopus laevis en la localidad de Pichi, Alhué (Región Metropolitana de Santiago). Este hallazgo es discutido a la luz de nuevos avistamientos en los cuales ambas especies han sido detectadas coexistiendo en diferentes localidades de Chile central.