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Simav Çayı'nın Balık Faunası* GİRİŞ Ülkemizde 1800'Lü Yılların

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Simav Çayı'nın Balık Faunası* GİRİŞ Ülkemizde 1800'Lü Yılların Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 132-152 (2017) Simav Çayı’nın Balık Faunası* Elif ÖZTÜRK1, Fahrettin KÜÇÜK2 ** 1 Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta 2 Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Isparta Geliş : 28.12. 2016 Kabul : 04.07.2017 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Paper **Sorumlu Yazar: [email protected] E-Dergi ISSN: 1308-7517 Özet Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin önemli akarsularından biri olan Simav Çayı (Susurluk Nehri havzası)’nın balık faunası belirlenmiştir. Örneklemler, Mayıs ve Eylül 2014 tarihlerinde akarsuyun tamamını kapsayacak şekilde seçilen 14 adet örnekleme bölgesinde iki kez yapılmıştır. Örneklerin yakalanmasında ortamdaki diğer organizma ve popülasyonlara zarar vermeden, elektroşoker, uzatma ağı, ığrıp ağı ve kepçe kullanılmıştır. Yaklaşık 321 km uzunluğundaki akarsudan 6 familya’ya (Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Esocidae, Nemacheilidae ve Gobiidae) ait Alosa maeotica, Alburnus carinatus, Alburnoides manyasensis, Barbus niluferensis, Barbus oligolepis, Blicca bjoerkna, Capeota tinca, Carassius gibelio, Chondrostoma angorense, Cyprinus carpio, Petroleuciscus borysthenicus, Rhodeus amarus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Squalius cii, Vimba vimba, Oxynoemacheilus simavicus, Oxynoemacheilus theophilii, Cobitis vardarensis, Esox lucius ve Neogobius fluviatilis olmak üzere 20 balık taksonu belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 14 tür ile Cypirindae en baskın familyadır. Akarsuyun orta havzasından tespit edilen Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859), Simav Çayı için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar kelimeler: Simav Çayı, Türkiye İçsu Balıkları, Taksonomi, Zoocoğrafya. Fish Fauna of Simav Stream Abstract In this study, the fish fauna of the Simav Stream (Susurluk River basin), one of the major rivers of Turkey, was identified. The samples were conducted in 14 sampling areas which were selected on the entire river system and carried out four times in May and September 2014. During the catching of the samples, electroshock, gill net, seine-net and spoon were used without harming population and other organisms. From the Simav Stream with approximately 321 km long, 20 fish taxons belonging to 6 families; (Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Esocidae, Oxynemacheilidae ve Gobiidae) Alosa maeotica, Alburnus carinatus, Alburnoides manyasensis, Barbus niluferensis, Barbus oligolepis, Blicca bjoerkna, Capeota tinca, Carassius gibelio, Chondrostoma angorense, Cyprinus carpio, Petroleuciscus borysthenicus, Rhodeus amarus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Squalius cii, Vimba vimba, Oxynoemacheilus simavicus, Oxynoemacheilus theophilii, Cobitis vardarensis, Esox lucius and Neogobius fluviatilis were identified. Cyprindae is the most dominant family with 14 species. Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859), which was detected in the middle basin of the river, is a new record for Simav Stream. Keywords: Simav River, Freshwater Fishes of Turkey, Taxonomy, Zoogeography *Bu çalışma yüksek lisans tezi olarak Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi B.A.P. (Proje No: 3840-YL1-14) tarafından desteklenmiştir. GİRİŞ Ülkemizde 1800’lü yılların ortasından itibaren süregelen çalışmalar sonucunda; içsularımızda 2012 yılında 307 olan tür sayısı (Küçük, 2012), 2014 yılı verilerinde 371’e ulaşmıştır (Kuru vd., 2014). Son on yılda bilimsel tanımı yapılmış tür sayısının % 57 132 Alıntılama: Öztürk, E. & Küçük, F. (2017). Simav Çayı’nın balık faunası. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 132-152. ÖZTÜRK ve KÜÇÜK 2017 SDU-ESUFD 13(2), 132-152 arttığı vurgulanarak, bu artışın sistematik yaklaşımlar, zoocografik özellikler ve bazı belirsizliklerden kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmüştür (Kuru vd., 2014). Çiçek vd. (2015; 2016)’nin çalışmasında ise Türkiye içsularında 368 balık taksonunun kaydı verilmiş, bu taksonlardan 158’nin (% 41,58) endemik, 28 türün yabancı (%7,6) olduğu, 3 türün ise neslinin tükendiği bildirilmiştir. Tür çeşitliliğinin, en fazla 188 türü bulunan Cyprinidae familyasında olduğu, bunu sırayla Nemacheilidae (39), Salmonidae (21), Cobitidae (20), Gobiidae (18) ve Cyprinodontidae (14) familyalarının izlediği belirlenmiştir (Kuru vd., 2014; Çiçek vd., 2015, 2016) Simav Çayı İç Ege’den doğup, Marmara Denizi’ne dökülen Susurluk havzasının önemli bir koludur. Bu çayın balık faunasına ilişkin bazı kayıtlar olmasına karşın, akarsuyun tamamını kapsayacak şekilde henüz ayrıntılı bir çalışma yapılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Sarı vd. (2006)’nin Biga Yarımadası balık faunasının belirlenmesi için yaptıkları çalışmada; 5 familyadan 15 tür bildirmiş olmasına karşın, Susurluk Irmağı ve Simav Çayı konusunda kısıtlı bilgi bulunduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Özuluğ ve Freyhof (2007a), Simav Çayı’nın bağlantılı olduğu Uluabat Gölü’nden endemik Alburnus carinatus'un kaydını vermişler, Turan vd. (2009a) ise Susurluk Havzasından Barbus niluferensis’i tanımlamışlar, Barbus oligolepis’in ise yeniden tanımını gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Çalışmamızda Marmara bölgesinin önemli akarsularından birini oluşturan Simav Çayı’nın balık faunası ayrıntılı olarak araştırılarak, son durumu hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışma bulguları Türkiye içsularındaki balık faunasının çeşitliliği ve yayılış alanın belirlenmesine yönelik bilgi açığının giderilmesine katkı yapacaktır. MATERYAL ve YÖNTEM Örnekleme yerleri Simav Çayı üzerindeki örnekleme yerleri ve bu bölgelerine ilişkin veriler Şekil 1 ve Tablo 1’ de verilmiştir. 133 ÖZTÜRK ve KÜÇÜK 2017 SDU-ESUFD 13(2), 132-152 Şekil 1. Simav Çayı üzerindeki örnekleme yerleri Örnekleme Bölgeleri: 1. Şırla Deresi-Simav, 2. Kalkan Göleti Girişi-Simav, 3. Çay Kasabası- Simav, 4. Bahtıllı Köprüsü-Simav, 5. İzzettin Köyü yakını-Sındırgı, 6. Binmurt Köprüsü-Sındırgı, 7. Sındırgı Köprüsü, 8. Cüneyt Köprüsü-Sındırgı, 9. Bigadiç Köprüsü, 10. Mahmudiye Köprüsü- Kepsut, 11. Yıldızköy Köprüsü-Susurluk, 12. Canbolu Köprüsü-Karacabey, 13. Harmanlı Köprüsü- Karacabey, 14. Dalyan Gölü-Karacabey 134 ÖZTÜRK ve KÜÇÜK 2017 SDU-ESUFD 13(2), 132-152 Tablo 1. Simav Çayı üzerinde balık örneklemesi yapılan bölgeler ve örnekleme tarihleri Enlem- No Örnekleme yeri Yükselti Tarih Boylam 17.05.2014 39 06 760 K 1 Şırla Deresi (Rahimler) Simav-Kütahya 1140m 18.09.2014 29 09 438 D 14.05.2014 39 05 286 K 2 Kalkan Göleti Girişi, Simav-Kütahya 904m 17.09.2014 29 05 642 D 14.05.2014 39 07 257 K 3 Çay Kasabası, Simav-Kütahya 810m 17.09.2014 28 52 505 D 14.05.2014 39 08 578 K 4 Bahtıllı Köprüsü, Simav-Kütahya 666m 17.09.2014 28 47 692 D 15.05.2014 30 09 503 K 5 İzzettin Köyü yakını-Sındırgı 497 m 18.09.2014 28 38 161 D 15.05.2014 39 12 167 K 6 Binmurt Köprüsü, Sındırgı-Balıkesir 421m 18.09.2014 28 29 436 D 15.05.2014 39 17 061 K 7 Sındırgı Köprüsü, Sındırgı-Balıkesir 241m 18.09.2014 28 11 497 D 15.05.2014 39 13 614 K 8 Cüneyt Köprüsü, Sındırgı-Balıkesir 239m 18.09.2014 28 07 394 D 15.05.2014 39 24 799 K 9 Bigadiç Köprüsü, Balıkesir 250m 18.09.2014 28 05 655 D 15.05.2014 39 36 247 K 10 Mahmudiye Köprüsü, Kepsut-Balıkesir 88m 18.09.2014 28 05 122 D 15.05.2014 39 48 973 K 11 Yıldızköy Köprüsü, Susurluk-Balıkesir 61m 18.09.2014 28 10 714 D 16.05.2014 40 11 783 K 12 Canbolu Köprüsü, Karacabey-Bursa 13m 19.09.2014 28 21 202 D 16.05.2014 40 18 382 K 13 Harmanlı Köprüsü, Karacabey-Bursa 22m 19.09.2014 28 26 891 D 16.05.2014 40 23 612 K 14 Dalyan Gölü, Karacabey-Bursa 11m 19.09.2014 28 28 300 D Örnekleme Yöntemi ve Morfolojik Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi Yaklaşık uzunluğu 321 km olan Simav Çayı’nın kaynak bölgesinden akarsu ağzına kadar olan bütün kesimlerini temsil edecek şekilde 14 örnekleme yerinden balık örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Örneklemeler çoğunlukla 12 V DC 10 A eloktroşoker, küçük ığrıp ve uzatma ağları ile yapılmış, ayrıca derin bölgelerdeki örneklemler için yöre balıkçılarından yardım alınmıştır. Yakalanan örneklerin morfolojik yapıları bozulmadan % 6-7’lik formalin çözeltisinde tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin ölçülebilen morfolojik özellikleri 0,1 mm duyarlılıktaki elektronik kumpas ile ölçülmüş; sayılabilir özellikleri ise stereo mikroskop kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçüm ve sayım işlemleri Kottelat ve Freyhof (2007)’a göre yapılmıştır. Sayılabilir karakterlerden yanal çizgideki delikli pulların toplam sayısı verilmiş, dorsal ve anal yüzgeçlerin aynı pterigofordan gelen son iki ışını ise ayrı ayrı sayılmıştır. Türlerin tanımları renkleri henüz kaybolmamış örnekler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Belirlenen balık taksonlarının sistematik konumları, Nelson (2006)’un “Fishes of the World”da önerdiği taksonomik kategoriler esas alınarak verilmiştir. Tespit edilen örneklerin tür düzeyinde tanımlamasında Battalgil (1940, 1941), Bogutskaya (1996), 135 ÖZTÜRK ve KÜÇÜK 2017 SDU-ESUFD 13(2), 132-152 Erk’akan vd. (1998, 1999), Özuluğ ve Freyhof (2007 a, b), Özuluğ ve Freyhof (2011), Freyhof vd. (2011), Turan vd. (2006, 2009 a, b; 2013)’den yararlanılmıştır. BULGULAR Simav Çayı’nın tamamında seçilen 14 örnek yerinden Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae, Cobitidae, Esocidae ve Gobiidae familyalarına ait 20 balık türü tespit edilmiştir (Tablo 2). Tablo 2. Araştırma sahasında tespit edilen türlerin istasyonlara göre dağılımları Familya Türler 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Clupeidae Alosa maeotica x Cyprinidae Alburnus carinatus x x x x x Alburnoides manyasensis x x x x Barbus niluferensis x x x Barbus oligolepis x x x x x x x Blicca bjoerkna x x Capeota tinca x x x Carassius gibelio x Chondrostoma angorense x Cyprinus carpio x Petroleuciscus borysthenicus x x x Rhodeus amarus x x x x x x Scardinius erythrophthalmus x x Squalius cii x x x x x x x x Vimba vimba x x x x x Nemacheilidae Oxynoemacheilus
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