Humanities, Social Sciences & Law Collection
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
To Appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise
Page 1 of 19 To appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise Tomoji Shogenji1 Abstract This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome. The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but they are still faced with problems. The new analysis of surprise I propose turns to accuracy (proximity to the truth) and identifies an unexpected degree of inaccuracy as reason for surprise. The shift from probability to proximity allows us to solve puzzles that strain the probabilistic account of surprise. Keywords Qualitative hypothesis ∙ Quantitative hypothesis ∙ Probabilistic hypothesis ∙ Inaccuracy ∙ Scoring rules ∙ Expected inaccuracy 1. Introduction This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome.2 The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but as we shall see, they are still faced with problems. -
Hegel-Jahrbuch 2010 Hegel- Jahrbuch 2010
Hegel-Jahrbuch 2010 Hegel- Jahrbuch 2010 Begründet von Wilhelm Raimund Beyer (f) Herausgegeben von Andreas Arndt Paul Cruysberghs Andrzej Przylebski in Verbindung mit Lu De Vos und Peter Jonkers Geist? Erster Teil Herausgegeben von Andreas Arndt Paul Cruysberghs Andrzej Przylebski in Verbindung mit Lu De Vos und Peter Jonkers Akademie Verlag Redaktionelle Mitarbeit: Veit Friemert Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-05-004638-9 © Akademie Verlag GmbH, Berlin 2010 Das eingesetzte Papier ist alterungsbeständig nach DIN/ISO 9706. Alle Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung in andere Sprachen, vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Buches darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages in irgendeiner Form - durch Photokopie, Mikroverfilmung oder irgendein anderes Verfahren - reproduziert oder in eine von Maschinen, insbesondere von Datenver- arbeitungsmaschinen, verwendbare Sprache übertragen oder übersetzt werden. Lektorat: Mischka Dammaschke Satz: Veit Friemert, Berlin Einbandgestaltung: nach einem Entwurf von Günter Schorcht, Schildow Druck: MB Medienhaus Berlin Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany VORWORT Das vorliegende Hegel-Jahrbuch umfasst den ersten Teil der auf dem XXVII. Internationalen He- gel-Kongress der Internationalen Hegel-Gesellschaft e.V. 2008 in Leuven zum Thema »Geist?« gehaltenen Referate. Den Dank an alle Förderer und Helfer, die den Kongress ermöglicht und zu dessen Gelingen beigetragen haben, hat Paul Cruysberghs - der zusammen mit Lu de Vos und Peter Jonkers das örtliche Organisationskomitee bildete - in seiner im folgenden abgedruckten Eröff- nungsrede abgestattet; ihm schließt sich der übrige Vorstand mit einem besonderen Dank an Paul Cruysberghs an. -
John Stuart Mill's Sanction Utilitarianism
JOHN STUART MILL’S SANCTION UTILITARIANISM: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION A Dissertation by DAVID EUGENE WRIGHT Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Linda Radzik Committee Members, Clare Palmer Scott Austin R.J.Q. Adams Head of Department, Gary Varner May 2014 Major Subject: Philosophy Copyright 2014 David Eugene Wright ABSTRACT This dissertation argues for a particular interpretation of John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism, namely that Mill is best read as a sanction utilitarian. In general, scholars commonly interpret Mill as some type of act or rule utilitarian. In making their case for these interpretations, it is also common for scholars to use large portions of Mill’s Utilitarianism as the chief source of insight into his moral theory. By contrast, I argue that Utilitarianism is best read as an ecumenical text where Mill explains and defends the general tenets of utilitarianism rather than setting out his own preferred theory. The exception to this ecumenical approach to the text comes in the fifth chapter on justice which, I argue on textual and historical grounds, outlines the central features of Mill’s utilitarianism. With this understanding of Utilitarianism in place, many of the passages commonly cited in favor of the previous interpretations are rendered less plausible, and interpretations emphasizing Mill’s other writings are strengthened. Using this methodology, I critique four of the most prominent act or rule utilitarian interpretations of Mill’s moral theory. I then provide an interpretation of Mill’s theory of moral obligation and utilitarianism. -
The Impact of Culture on Mindreading
Edinburgh Research Explorer The impact of culture on mindreading Citation for published version: Lavelle, JS 2019, 'The impact of culture on mindreading', Synthese, vol. N/A, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Synthese General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 FOLK PSYCHOLOGY: PLURALISTIC APPROACHES The impact of culture on mindreading Jane Suilin Lavelle1 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The role of culture in shaping folk psychology and mindreading has been neglected in the philosophical literature. This paper shows that there are significant cultural dif- ferences in how psychological states are understood and used by (1) drawing on Spaulding’s recent distinction between the ‘goals’ and ‘methods’ of mindreading (2018) to argue that the relations between these methods vary across cultures; and (2) arguing that differences in folk psychology cannot be dismissed as irrelevant to the cognitive architecture that facilitates our understanding of psychological states. -
Chad Van Schoelandt
CHAD VAN SCHOELANDT Tulane University Department of Philosophy, New Orleans, LA [email protected] Employment 2015-present Assistant Professor, Tulane University, Department of Philosophy 2016-present Affiliated Fellow, George Mason University, F. A. HayeK Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Areas of Specialization Social and Political Philosophy Ethics Agency and Responsibility Philosophy, Politics & Economics Areas of Competence Applied Ethics (esp. Business, Environmental, Bio/Medical) History of Modern Philosophy Moral Psychology Education Ph.D., University of Arizona, Philosophy, 2015 M.A., University of Wisconsin - MilwauKee, Philosophy, 2010 B.A. (High Honors), University of California, Davis, Philosophy (political science minor), 2006 Publications Articles “Moral Accountability and Social Norms” Social Philosophy & Policy, Vol. 35, Issue 1, Spring 2018 “Consensus on What? Convergence for What? Four Models of Political Liberalism” (with Gerald Gaus) Ethics, Vol. 128, Issue 1, 2017: pp. 145-72 “Justification, Coercion, and the Place of Public Reason” Philosophical Studies, 172, 2015: pp. 1031-1050 “MarKets, Community, and Pluralism” The Philosophical Quarterly, Discussion, 64(254), 2014: pp. 144-151 "Political Liberalism, Ethos Justice, and Gender Equality" (with Blain Neufeld) Law and Philosophy 33(1), 2014: pp. 75-104 Chad Van Schoelandt CV Page 2 of 4 Book Chapters “A Public Reason Approach to Religious Exemption” Philosophy and Public Policy, Andrew I. Cohen (ed.), Rowman and Littlefield International, -
Cv Langsam.Pdf
CV Harold Langsam Professor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of Philosophy 120 Cocke Hall University of Virginia P.O. Box 400780 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4780 (434) 924-6920 (Office) (434) 979-2880 (Home) [email protected] Employment: Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2011-) Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2001-2011). Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (1994-2001). Mellon Postdoctoral Teaching and Research Fellow, Department of Philosophy, Cornell University (1994-95). Publications: Book The Wonder of Consciousness: Understanding the Mind through Philosophical Reflection (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011). Reviews: Ethics and Medicine, Mind, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Philosophical Quarterly Articles “McDowell’s Infallibilism and the Nature of Knowledge,” Synthese, http://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02682-4. “Why Intentionalism Cannot Explain Phenomenal Character,” Erkenntnis 85 (2020): 375-389. “Nietzsche and Value Creation: Subjectivism, Self-Expression, and Strength,” Inquiry 61 (2018): 100-113. “The Intuitive Case for Naïve Realism,” Philosophical Explorations 20 (2017): 106-122. “A Defense of McDowell’s Response to the Sceptic,” Acta Analytica 29 (2014): 43-59. “A Defense of Restricted Phenomenal Conservatism,” Philosophical Papers 42 (2013): 315-340. "Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate," Erkenntnis 68 (2008): 79- 101. "Why I Believe in an External World," Metaphilosophy 37 (2006): 652-672. "Consciousness, Experience, and Justification," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 32 (2002): 1- 28. "Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Inner Observation," Australasian Journal of Philosophy 80 (2002): 42-61. "Strategy for Dualists," Metaphilosophy 32 (2001): 395-418. "Pain, Personal Identity, and the Deep Further Fact," Erkenntnis 54 (2001): 247-271. "Experiences, Thoughts, and Qualia," Philosophical Studies 99 (2000): 269-295. -
Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: an Introduction
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Philosophy Faculty Publications Philosophy & Religious Studies 1-2020 Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: An Introduction Colin R. Caret Teresa Kouri Kissel Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/philosophy_fac_pubs Part of the Logic and Foundations of Mathematics Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons Original Publication Citation Caret, C. R., & Kissel, T. K. Pluralistic perspectives on logic: An introduction. Synthese, 1-12. doi:10.1007/ s11229-019-02525-x This Editorial is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy & Religious Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02525-x SI: PLURALISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON LOGIC Pluralistic perspectives on logic: an introduction Colin R. Caret1 · Teresa Kouri Kissel2 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020 1 Logic and logics Logical pluralism is the view that there are distinct, but equally good logics. Recent years have witnessed a sharp upswing of interest in this view, resulting in an impres- sive literature. We only expect this trend to continue in the future. More than one commentator has, however, expressed exasperation at the view: what can it mean to be a pluralist about logic of all things? [see, e.g., Eklund (2017); Goddu (2002); Keefe (2014)]. In this introduction, we aim to set out the basic pluralist position, identify some issues over which pluralists disagree amongst themselves, and highlight the topics at the heart of the ongoing debate. -
Chimpanzee Mind Reading: Don't Stop Believing
Received: 18 April 2016 Revised: 22 September 2016 Accepted: 24 October 2016 DOI 10.1111/phc3.12394 ARTICLE Chimpanzee mind reading: Don't stop believing Kristin Andrews York University, Canada Abstract Correspondence “ ” Kristin Andrews, Department of Philosophy, Since the question Do chimpanzees have a theory of mind? was York University, Toronto, Canada. raised in 1978, scientists have attempted to answer it, and Email: [email protected] philosophers have attempted to clarify what the question means and whether it has been, or could be, answered. Mindreading (a term used mostly by philosophers) or theory of mind (a term preferred by scientists) refers to the ability to attribute mental states to other individuals. Some versions of the question focus on whether chimpanzees engage in belief reasoning or can think about false belief, and chimpanzees have been given nonverbal versions of the false belief moved‐object task (also known as the Sally–Anne task). Other versions of the question focus on whether chimpanzees understand what others can see, and chimpanzees can pass those tests. From this data, some claim that chimpanzees know something about perceptions, but nothing about belief. Others claim that chimpanzees do not understand belief or perceptions, because the data fails to overcome the “logical problem,” and permits an alternative, non‐mentalistic interpretation. I will argue that neither view is warranted. Belief reasoning in chimpanzees has focused on examining false belief in a moved object scenario, but has largely ignored other functions of belief. The first part of the paper is an argument for how to best understand belief reasoning and offers suggestion for future investigation. -
Mentor Bios 2013
Mentor Bios – 2013 Workshop Amy Allen is the Parents Distinguished Research Professor in the Humanities and Professor of Philosophy and Women's and Gender Studies at Dartmouth College. Her research interests are in Contemporary Continental Philosophy, social and political theory, and feminist theory. In particular, she works at the intersection of French poststructuralism, the Frankfurt School, and feminism on topics such as power, agency, subjectivity, autonomy, history and normativity. She is the author of two books: The Power of Feminist Theory: Domination, Resistance, Solidarity (1999) and The Politics of Our Selves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory (2008). She is the Co-Editor in Chief of the journal Constellations, series editor of the Columbia University Press book series New Directions in Critical Theory, and Executive Co-director of SPEP, the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. Louise Antony is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She received her B.A. from Syracuse University in 1975, and her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1982. Prof. Antony has research interests in the philosophy of mind, naturalistic epistemology, feminist theory, and the philosophy of religion. She has edited or co-edited three volumes: A Mind of One’s Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity (with Charlotte Witt) and Chomsky and His Critics (with Norbert Hornstein), and Philosophers Without Gods: Meditations on Atheism and the Secular Life. She has contributed to the New York Times blog, “The Stone,” and to the popular website AskPhilosophers.org. Ann Cudd is University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Associate Dean for Humanities at the University of Kansas. -
Feminist Philosophy Comprehensive: Reading List
Feminist Philosophy Comprehensive: Reading List The main part of this list comprises readings that correspond to each of the five sections of the comprehensive exam. The Reference Books at the end of the list provide more background, but they are entirely optional. 1. Core Concepts a. Feminism Mill, J. S. “The Subjection of Women.” In Feminist Theory: A Philosophical Anthology. A. Cudd and R. Andreasen, eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell 2005: 17-26. de Beauvoir, S. “Introduction from The Second Sex.” In Cudd and Andreasen: 27-36. Truth, S. “Ar’n’t I a Woman?” In Theorizing Feminisms: A Reader. Ed. E. Hackett and S. Haslanger. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. 113. Tuana, N. ‘What is Feminist Philosophy?’ Philosophy in Multiple Voices. Ed. G. Yancy. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. Sherwin, S. “Understanding Feminism.” In her No Longer Patient: Feminist Ethics & Health Care. Philadelphia, PA: Temple, 1992. 13-34. b. Sex and Gender Butler, J. “Introduction: Acting in Concert.” In Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge, 2004. pp. 1-16. Fausto-Sterling, A. “The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough,” The Sciences 33(2), 1993: 20-24. Garry, A. “Intersectionality, Metaphors, and the Multiplicity of Gender,” Hypatia, 26(4), 2011: 826–850. Haslanger, S. “Gender and Race: (What) Are They? (What) Do We Want Them To Be?” Noûs 34(1), 2000: 31-55. Heyes, C. J. “Changing Race, Changing Sex: The Ethics of Self-Transformation,” Journal of Social Philosophy 37(2), 2006: 266-282. Jenkins, K. “Amelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman,” Ethics 126 (2016): 394–421. -
Download Curriculum Vitae
PAGE 1 Office of Academic Affairs DAVIS BAIRD Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610 (508) 793-7673, FAX: 793-8834, [email protected] Education 1978-1981 Ph.D. Stanford University, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Language and Logic 1977-1978 A.M. Stanford University, Philosophy of Science 1972-1976 A.B. Brandeis University, Mathematics and Philosophy, cum laude, with High Honors in Philosophy Academic Positions 2010- Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, Clark University 2010- Professor of Philosophy, Clark University 2010- Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Dean Emeritus, University of South Carolina 2005-2010 Dean, South Carolina Honors College, University of South Carolina 2004-2010 Louise Fry Scudder Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1992-2005 Chair, Department of Philosophy 2001-2004 Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1988-2001 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1999-2000 Senior Fellow, Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, M.I.T. 1982-1988 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1981-1982 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona 1981 Instructor, Department of Philosophy, Stanford University Professional Service 2011- Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 2013- Consulting Editor, NanoEthics 2013- Editorial Board, Acta Baltica Historae et Philosophiae Sciantiarum 2003- Grant reviewer -
WILLEM A. DEVRIES Department of Philosophy University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 O: (603) 862-3077 H: (603) 942-7510 [email protected]
WILLEM A. DEVRIES Department of Philosophy University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 O: (603) 862-3077 H: (603) 942-7510 [email protected] Education: 1975-1981 University of Pittsburgh, Ph.D. 1976-1977 Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany 1973-1975 University of Pittsburgh, M.A. 1968-1972 Haverford College, B.A. Academic Honors and Awards: 2016-17 Visiting Full Professor, University College Dublin 2014-15 Distinguished Professor Award, UNH 2014 Visiting Fellowship, Idealism & Pragmatism: Convergence or Contestation Project, University of Sheffield, England 2004-2005 Fulbright-University of Vienna Distinguished Chair in the Humanities and Social Sciences 2003 Faculty Scholars Program Grant, UNH 2001-2002 Visiting Fellow, Philosophy Programme, School of Advanced Studies, University of London 1996 ACLS Travel Grant 1994-1995 NEH Fellowship for College Teachers 1993 Humanities Center Senior Research Fellowship, UNH 1986-1987 Mellon Faculty Fellowship, Harvard University 1986-1987 Mellon Fellowship in the Humanities, University of Pennsylvania, declined 1985 NEH Summer Seminar for College Teachers, Cornell University 1982-1983 Fulbright Senior Research Fellowship, West Germany 1982-1983 Amherst College Trustee Faculty Fellowship, declined 1982 DAAD Summer Research Fellowship, declined 1978-1979 Teaching Fellow, University of Pittsburgh 1976-1977 Fulbright Doctoral Fellowship, Germany 1973-1976 Teaching Assistant, University of Pittsburgh 1972 High Honors in Philosophy, Haverford College Employment: University of New Hampshire, Professor,