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To Appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise
Page 1 of 19 To appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise Tomoji Shogenji1 Abstract This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome. The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but they are still faced with problems. The new analysis of surprise I propose turns to accuracy (proximity to the truth) and identifies an unexpected degree of inaccuracy as reason for surprise. The shift from probability to proximity allows us to solve puzzles that strain the probabilistic account of surprise. Keywords Qualitative hypothesis ∙ Quantitative hypothesis ∙ Probabilistic hypothesis ∙ Inaccuracy ∙ Scoring rules ∙ Expected inaccuracy 1. Introduction This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome.2 The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but as we shall see, they are still faced with problems. -
The Impact of Culture on Mindreading
Edinburgh Research Explorer The impact of culture on mindreading Citation for published version: Lavelle, JS 2019, 'The impact of culture on mindreading', Synthese, vol. N/A, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Synthese General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 FOLK PSYCHOLOGY: PLURALISTIC APPROACHES The impact of culture on mindreading Jane Suilin Lavelle1 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The role of culture in shaping folk psychology and mindreading has been neglected in the philosophical literature. This paper shows that there are significant cultural dif- ferences in how psychological states are understood and used by (1) drawing on Spaulding’s recent distinction between the ‘goals’ and ‘methods’ of mindreading (2018) to argue that the relations between these methods vary across cultures; and (2) arguing that differences in folk psychology cannot be dismissed as irrelevant to the cognitive architecture that facilitates our understanding of psychological states. -
Chad Van Schoelandt
CHAD VAN SCHOELANDT Tulane University Department of Philosophy, New Orleans, LA [email protected] Employment 2015-present Assistant Professor, Tulane University, Department of Philosophy 2016-present Affiliated Fellow, George Mason University, F. A. HayeK Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Areas of Specialization Social and Political Philosophy Ethics Agency and Responsibility Philosophy, Politics & Economics Areas of Competence Applied Ethics (esp. Business, Environmental, Bio/Medical) History of Modern Philosophy Moral Psychology Education Ph.D., University of Arizona, Philosophy, 2015 M.A., University of Wisconsin - MilwauKee, Philosophy, 2010 B.A. (High Honors), University of California, Davis, Philosophy (political science minor), 2006 Publications Articles “Moral Accountability and Social Norms” Social Philosophy & Policy, Vol. 35, Issue 1, Spring 2018 “Consensus on What? Convergence for What? Four Models of Political Liberalism” (with Gerald Gaus) Ethics, Vol. 128, Issue 1, 2017: pp. 145-72 “Justification, Coercion, and the Place of Public Reason” Philosophical Studies, 172, 2015: pp. 1031-1050 “MarKets, Community, and Pluralism” The Philosophical Quarterly, Discussion, 64(254), 2014: pp. 144-151 "Political Liberalism, Ethos Justice, and Gender Equality" (with Blain Neufeld) Law and Philosophy 33(1), 2014: pp. 75-104 Chad Van Schoelandt CV Page 2 of 4 Book Chapters “A Public Reason Approach to Religious Exemption” Philosophy and Public Policy, Andrew I. Cohen (ed.), Rowman and Littlefield International, -
Cv Langsam.Pdf
CV Harold Langsam Professor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of Philosophy 120 Cocke Hall University of Virginia P.O. Box 400780 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4780 (434) 924-6920 (Office) (434) 979-2880 (Home) [email protected] Employment: Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2011-) Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2001-2011). Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (1994-2001). Mellon Postdoctoral Teaching and Research Fellow, Department of Philosophy, Cornell University (1994-95). Publications: Book The Wonder of Consciousness: Understanding the Mind through Philosophical Reflection (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011). Reviews: Ethics and Medicine, Mind, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Philosophical Quarterly Articles “McDowell’s Infallibilism and the Nature of Knowledge,” Synthese, http://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02682-4. “Why Intentionalism Cannot Explain Phenomenal Character,” Erkenntnis 85 (2020): 375-389. “Nietzsche and Value Creation: Subjectivism, Self-Expression, and Strength,” Inquiry 61 (2018): 100-113. “The Intuitive Case for Naïve Realism,” Philosophical Explorations 20 (2017): 106-122. “A Defense of McDowell’s Response to the Sceptic,” Acta Analytica 29 (2014): 43-59. “A Defense of Restricted Phenomenal Conservatism,” Philosophical Papers 42 (2013): 315-340. "Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate," Erkenntnis 68 (2008): 79- 101. "Why I Believe in an External World," Metaphilosophy 37 (2006): 652-672. "Consciousness, Experience, and Justification," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 32 (2002): 1- 28. "Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Inner Observation," Australasian Journal of Philosophy 80 (2002): 42-61. "Strategy for Dualists," Metaphilosophy 32 (2001): 395-418. "Pain, Personal Identity, and the Deep Further Fact," Erkenntnis 54 (2001): 247-271. "Experiences, Thoughts, and Qualia," Philosophical Studies 99 (2000): 269-295. -
Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: an Introduction
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Philosophy Faculty Publications Philosophy & Religious Studies 1-2020 Pluralistic Perspectives on Logic: An Introduction Colin R. Caret Teresa Kouri Kissel Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/philosophy_fac_pubs Part of the Logic and Foundations of Mathematics Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons Original Publication Citation Caret, C. R., & Kissel, T. K. Pluralistic perspectives on logic: An introduction. Synthese, 1-12. doi:10.1007/ s11229-019-02525-x This Editorial is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy & Religious Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02525-x SI: PLURALISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON LOGIC Pluralistic perspectives on logic: an introduction Colin R. Caret1 · Teresa Kouri Kissel2 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020 1 Logic and logics Logical pluralism is the view that there are distinct, but equally good logics. Recent years have witnessed a sharp upswing of interest in this view, resulting in an impres- sive literature. We only expect this trend to continue in the future. More than one commentator has, however, expressed exasperation at the view: what can it mean to be a pluralist about logic of all things? [see, e.g., Eklund (2017); Goddu (2002); Keefe (2014)]. In this introduction, we aim to set out the basic pluralist position, identify some issues over which pluralists disagree amongst themselves, and highlight the topics at the heart of the ongoing debate. -
Christian Martin – Publikationen
Christian Martin – Publikationen (Stand: September 2020) Buchveröffentlichungen Monographien Die Einheit des Sinns. Untersuchungen zur Form des Denkens und Sprechens. Paderborn: Mentis, 2020. [689 Seiten] Ontologie der Selbstbestimmung. Eine operationale Rekonstruktion von Hegels „Wissenschaft der Logik“. Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 2012. [692 Seiten] Herausgeberschaft Language, Form(s) of Life, and Logic: Investigations after Wittgenstein (= Series: On Wittgenstein, Vol. 4). Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2018. [342 Seiten] Aufsätze 1. Aufsätze in Zeitschriften Ursprünge transzendentaler Ästhetik. Zum Wandel von Kants Raum- und Zeitargumentation von der Inauguraldissertation zur „Kritik“, in: Kant-Studien 111:3 (2020), 331-385. Kant on Concepts, Intuitions, and the Continuity of Space, in: Idealistic Studies 50:3 (2020), 121-146. On Redrawing the Force-Content Distinction, in: Nordic Wittgenstein Review 8:1-2 (2019), 175-208. Hegel on the Undefinabiliy of Truth and the Absoluteness of Spirit, in: Idealistic Studies 47 (2017), 191-217. Hegel on Judgments and Posits, in: Hegel-Bulletin 37:1 (2016), 53-80. Poetry as a Form of Knowledge, in: SATS: Northern European Journal of Philosophy 17:2 (2016), 159-184. Wittgenstein on Perspicuous Presentations and Grammatical Self-Knowledge, in: Nordic Wittgenstein Review 5:1 (2016), 79-108. Four Types of Conceptual Generality, in: Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 36:2 (2015), 397423. Heideggers Physis-Denken, in: Philosophisches Jahrbuch 116 (2009), 90114. 2. Aufsätze in Büchern Functions and Operations: Wittgenstein versus Frege and Russell, erscheint in: James Conant und Gilad Nir (Hrsg.): Early Analytic Philosophy: A Collection of Critical Essays. [ca. 25. Seiten]. 1 Imagination and the Proper Object of Perception, erscheint in: James Conant und Jonas Held (Hrsg.): The Palgrave Handbook of German Idealism and Analytic Philosophy [ca. -
Chimpanzee Mind Reading: Don't Stop Believing
Received: 18 April 2016 Revised: 22 September 2016 Accepted: 24 October 2016 DOI 10.1111/phc3.12394 ARTICLE Chimpanzee mind reading: Don't stop believing Kristin Andrews York University, Canada Abstract Correspondence “ ” Kristin Andrews, Department of Philosophy, Since the question Do chimpanzees have a theory of mind? was York University, Toronto, Canada. raised in 1978, scientists have attempted to answer it, and Email: [email protected] philosophers have attempted to clarify what the question means and whether it has been, or could be, answered. Mindreading (a term used mostly by philosophers) or theory of mind (a term preferred by scientists) refers to the ability to attribute mental states to other individuals. Some versions of the question focus on whether chimpanzees engage in belief reasoning or can think about false belief, and chimpanzees have been given nonverbal versions of the false belief moved‐object task (also known as the Sally–Anne task). Other versions of the question focus on whether chimpanzees understand what others can see, and chimpanzees can pass those tests. From this data, some claim that chimpanzees know something about perceptions, but nothing about belief. Others claim that chimpanzees do not understand belief or perceptions, because the data fails to overcome the “logical problem,” and permits an alternative, non‐mentalistic interpretation. I will argue that neither view is warranted. Belief reasoning in chimpanzees has focused on examining false belief in a moved object scenario, but has largely ignored other functions of belief. The first part of the paper is an argument for how to best understand belief reasoning and offers suggestion for future investigation. -
Maurice Finocchiaro Discusses the Lessons and the Cultural Repercussions of Galileo’S Telescopic Discoveries.” Physics World, Vol
MAURICE A. FINOCCHIARO: CURRICULUM VITAE CONTENTS: §0. Summary and Highlights; §1. Miscellaneous Details; §2. Teaching Experience; §3. Major Awards and Honors; §4. Publications: Books; §5. Publications: Articles, Chapters, and Discussions; §6. Publications: Book Reviews; §7. Publications: Proceedings, Abstracts, Translations, Reprints, Popular Media, etc.; §8. Major Lectures at Scholarly Meetings: Keynote, Invited, Funded, Honorarium, etc.; §9. Other Lectures at Scholarly Meetings; §10. Public Lectures; §11. Research Activities: Out-of-Town Libraries, Archives, and Universities; §12. Professional Service: Journal Editorial Boards; §13. Professional Service: Refereeing; §14. Professional Service: Miscellaneous; §15. Community Service §0. SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHTS Address: Department of Philosophy; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Box 455028; Las Vegas, NV 89154-5028. Education: B.S., 1964, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ph.D., 1969, University of California, Berkeley. Position: Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus; University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Previous Positions: UNLV: Assistant Professor, 1970-74; Associate Professor, 1974-77; Full Professor, 1977-91; Distinguished Professor, 1991-2003; Department Chair, 1989-2000. Major Awards and Honors: 1976-77 National Science Foundation; one-year grant; project “Galileo and the Art of Reasoning.” 1983-84 National Endowment for the Humanities, one-year Fellowship for College Teachers; project “Gramsci and the History of Dialectical Thought.” 1987 Delivered the Fourth Evert Willem Beth Lecture, sponsored by the Evert Willem Beth Foundation, a committee of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, at the Universities of Amsterdam and of Groningen. 1991-92 American Council of Learned Societies; one-year fellowship; project “Democratic Elitism in Mosca and Gramsci.” 1992-95 NEH; 3-year grant; project “Galileo on the World Systems.” 1993 State of Nevada, Board of Regents’ Researcher Award. -
King CV 2020 Sep21
Matt King Curriculum Vitae [email protected] http://dr-matt-king.squarespace.com APPOINTMENTS Associate Professor University of Alabama at Birmingham 2019- Visiting Research Professor/Faculty Fellow Center for Ethics & Public Affairs, Murphy 2020-2021 Institute, Tulane University Assistant Professor University of Alabama at Birmingham 2014-2019 Law and Philosophy Fellow UCLA 2012-2014 Visiting Assistant Professor St. Bonaventure University 2011-2012 Visiting Assistant Professor Virginia Tech 2010-2011 Visiting Assistant Professor Carleton College 2009 Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Maryland 2008-2010 EDUCATION Ph.D., Philosophy University of Maryland May 2008 M.A., Philosophy University of Maryland May 2005 B.A., with highest distinction University of Virginia May 2002 PRIZES, AWARDS, AND GRANTS Outstanding Professor Award Early Medical School Acceptance Program, UAB 2018 Faculty Development Grant Office of the Provost, UAB 2017 Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fellowship The Graduate School, UMD 2007 Distinguished Teaching Assistant Award Center for Teaching Excellence, UMD 2006 Jacob K. Goldhaber Travel Award The Graduate School, UMD 2006 Emmerich-Wright Prize (best senior thesis) Politics, University of Virginia 2002 AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION Ethics; Moral Psychology; Philosophy of Law AREAS OF COMPETENCE Political Philosophy; Philosophy of Mind; Existentialism BOOKS 1] Agency in Mental Disorder: Philosophical Dimensions (working title). Edited volume, with Joshua May. Oxford University Press. (forthcoming) ARTICLES 2] “Attending to Blame.” PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES 177(5): 1423-1439, 2020. 3] “Skepticism about the Standing to Blame.” OXFORD STUDIES IN AGENCY AND RESPONSIBILITY 6, 2019. 4] “Moral Responsibility and Mental Illness: A Call for Nuance,” with Joshua May. NEUROETHICS 11: 11-22, 2018. 5] “Against Personifying the Reasonable Person.” CRIMINAL LAW & PHILOSOPHY 11(4): 725-732, 2017. -
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on PHILOSOPHY and FILM Thinking Reality and Time Through Film
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHILOSOPHY AND FILM Thinking Reality and Time through Film ………………………………………………………………………….………….. …………………………………………………………………………….………….. 1 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHILOSOPHY AND FILM Thinking Reality and Time through Film ………………………………………………………………………….………….. Thinking Reality and Time through Film Proceedings of the International Lisbon Conference on Philosophy and Film: PROGRAMME OVERVIEWS ABSTRACTS CV’S CONTACTS Edited by Susana Viegas …………………………………………………………………………….………….. 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHILOSOPHY AND FILM Thinking Reality and Time through Film ………………………………………………………………………….………….. Thinking Reality and Time through Film Proceedings of the International Lisbon Conference on Philosophy and Film - 6-10 May of 2014 Conference Directors Christine Reeh José Manuel Martins Pedro Calafate Scientific Committee Christine Reeh Claudio Rozzoni José Manuel Martins Maria Teresa Teixeira Susana Viegas Toni Hildebrandt Organizing Comittee Ângela Marques Carla Simões Filipa Afonso Filipa Seabra Filipe Pinto Isabel Machado Joana Ferreira Held at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon, National Library, Portuguese Film Museum and the Goethe-Institut Lissabon. Organized by the Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa in collaboration with C.R.I.M. Productions, and the Goethe Institut Lissabon. Sponsored by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. …………………………………………………………………………….………….. 3 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHILOSOPHY AND FILM Thinking Reality and Time through Film ………………………………………………………………………….…………. -
Download Curriculum Vitae
PAGE 1 Office of Academic Affairs DAVIS BAIRD Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610 (508) 793-7673, FAX: 793-8834, [email protected] Education 1978-1981 Ph.D. Stanford University, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Language and Logic 1977-1978 A.M. Stanford University, Philosophy of Science 1972-1976 A.B. Brandeis University, Mathematics and Philosophy, cum laude, with High Honors in Philosophy Academic Positions 2010- Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, Clark University 2010- Professor of Philosophy, Clark University 2010- Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Dean Emeritus, University of South Carolina 2005-2010 Dean, South Carolina Honors College, University of South Carolina 2004-2010 Louise Fry Scudder Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1992-2005 Chair, Department of Philosophy 2001-2004 Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1988-2001 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1999-2000 Senior Fellow, Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, M.I.T. 1982-1988 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina 1981-1982 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona 1981 Instructor, Department of Philosophy, Stanford University Professional Service 2011- Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 2013- Consulting Editor, NanoEthics 2013- Editorial Board, Acta Baltica Historae et Philosophiae Sciantiarum 2003- Grant reviewer -
Michael Rescorla
February 9, 2020 Michael Rescorla Department of Philosophy University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095 [email protected] Employment Professor, Summer 2016 to present Department of Philosophy, University of California, Los Angeles Professor, Summer 2015 to Spring 2016 Department of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Barbara Associate Professor, Summer 2009 to Spring 2015 Department of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Barbara Assistant Professor, Fall 2003 to Spring 2009 Department of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Barbara Education Harvard University, Ph.D., Philosophy, June 2003 Dissertation: Is Thought Explanatorily Prior to Language? Harvard University, B.A., Summa Cum Laude, Philosophy and Mathematics, June 1997 Senior Thesis: Forcing, Atoms, and Choice Published Papers “Reifying Representations,” What Are Mental Representations?, eds. Joulia Smorthchkova, Tobias Schlicht, and Krzysztof Dolega. Oxford: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). “An Improved Dutch Book Theorem for Conditionalization,” Erkenntnis (published on-line; print version forthcoming). “On the Proper Formulation of Conditionalization,” Synthese (published on-line; print version forthcoming). “How Particular Is Perception?”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 100 (2020): pp. 721- 727. (Contribution to a book symposium on Susanna Schellenberg’s The Unity of Perception.) “Perceptual Co-Reference,” The Review of Philosophy and Psychology (published on-line; print version forthcoming). “A Realist Perspective on Bayesian Cognitive Science,” Inference and Consciousness, eds. Anders Nes and Timothy Chan. Routledge (2020): pp. 40-73. “A Dutch Book Theorem and Converse Dutch Book Theorem for Kolmogorov Conditionalization,” The Review of Symbolic Logic 11 (2018): pp. 705-735. “Motor Computation,” The Routledge Handbook of the Computational Mind, eds. Matteo Colombo and Mark Sprevak. Routledge (2018): pp. 424-435.