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Regulación Local Y Consumo De Fauna

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Regulación Local Y Consumo De Fauna ETNOBIOLOGÍA 4 Editor/Chief editor Ángel Moreno Fuentes Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, UAEH [email protected] Coeditora/Associate editor Lourdes Navarijo Ornelas Instituto de Biología, UNAM [email protected] Comité Editorial/Editorial Board Abigail Aguilar Contreras Norma Hilgert Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Guillermo Aullet Bribiesca Miguel León Portilla Instituto Politécnico Nacional Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM José A. Ávila Reyes Ramón Mariaca CIIDIR (IPN), Unidad Durango El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Javier Caballero Miguel Ángel Martínez Alfaro Jardín Botánico, In stituto de Biología, UNAM Jardín Botánico, In st ituto de Biología, UNAM Artemio Cruz León Rafael Monroy Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Ma. Guadalupe Escamilla Sarabia Victor Manuel Toledo Manzur Universidad Tecnológica de Tijuana Instituto de Ecología, UNAM Montserrat Gispert Cruells Gustavo Valencia del Toro Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM In stituto 'Politécnico Nacional Gastón Guzmán Luis Alberto Vargas Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM Árbitros en este número/Arbiters in this number AbigaiI Aguilar Contreras Janet Long Towell Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM Elvira Aguirre Acosta Gladys Manzanero Medina Instituto de Biología, UNAM CIIDIR, IPN. Unidad Oaxaca. Sophie Calmé Ramón Morales El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Jardín Botánico de Madrid, España Consuelo Cuevas Cardona Lourdes Navarijo Ornelas Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, UAEH Instituto de Biologia, UNAM Noemí Chávez Castañeda José Manuel Pino Moreno Instituto de Biología, UNAM Instituto de Biología, UNAM Héctor Espinosa Pérez Patricia Ramírez Bastida Instituto de Biología, UNAM Instituto de Biología, UNAM Graciela Gómez Álvarez Julieta Ramos Elorduy Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Instituto de Biología, UNAM Armando Gómez Campos Raúl Valadez Azúa Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM Marco A. Gurrola Hidalgo Santiago Xolalpa Molina Instituto de Biología, UNAM Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Gastón Guzmán Huerta Instituto de Ecología, A. C. María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros Corrección del inglés: Janet Long Towell Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú Tesorera hasta este número: Mayrén Alavez Vargas ISSN 1665 - 2703 ETNOBIOLOGÍA Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. C. Número 4 México 2004 Agradecimien tos Acknowledgments Los editores agradecen a las instituciones a través de sus distintos miembros, el apoyo brindado durante la edición de este número: A la biólogas Mayrén Alavez Vargas y Marcela Rojas Lemus (UNAM) por su permanente apoyo en diversas tareas de la revista, particularmente en su edición. A los doctores Ramón Mariaca (ECO SUR) y Gustavo Valencia del Toro (UNAM) por sus gestiones ante la Mesa Directiva de la Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana, A. c., para el apoyo económico de la impresión de este número. Al Dr. Alberto Rojas Martínez, director del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, UAEH, por el apoyo y facilidades brindadas para el proceso de edición. A la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM, a través del M. en C. Juan Manuel Rodríguez Chávez, por su constante apoyo en el envío de mensajería y paquetería, en especial en la distribución nacional e internacional de ejemplares. Asimismo a Sandra Montaña Campos (UAEH) por su asistencia en la fase terminal de su edición. CONTENIDO ARTÍCULOS Factores que intervienen en la regulación local de la cacería de subsistencia en dos comunidades de la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México Michelle M. GuelTa Roa, Eduardo J. Naranjo Piñera, Fernando Limón Aguirre, Ramón Mariaca Méndez Conocimiento tlapaneco de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Malinaltepec, Guerrero, México 19 Cutberto Pacheco Flores, Juan A. Rodríguez Garza, Adriana E. Castro-Ramírez Principios de taxonomía zoológica chinanteca: Aves 29 Osear Gustavo Retana Guiascón Conocimiento popular sobre los búhos en los alrededores de un bosque húmedo tropical protegido en Costa Rica 41 Paula L. Enríquez Rocha y José Luis Rangel Salazar El maguey en Gundhó, Va))e del Mezquital (Hidalgo, México): variedades, propagación y cambios en su uso 54 Richard M. Ramsay Los usos de Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) en el concejo de Beja, Alentejo, Portugal 67 Francisca Maria Fernandes y Luís Manuel Mendonc;:a de Carvalho Usos y nombres comunes de las especies de Cochlospermaceae en México 73 Martha Cedano Maldonado y Luis Villaseñor IbalTa Conocimiento tradicional y científico de los hongos en el estado de Chihuahua, México 89 Ángel Moreno Fuentes, Elvira Aguirre Acosta y Lilia Pérez Ramírez Información a los autores 118 CONTENT ARTICLES Factors influencing local regulation of subsistence hunting in two communities of the Lacandonian jungle, Chiapas, Mexico Michelle M. Guerra Roa, Eduardo J. Naranjo Piñera, Fernando Limón Aguirre, Ramón Mariaca Méndez Tlapanec knowledge of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from MalinaItepec, Guerrero, Mexico 19 Cutberto Pacheco Flores, Juan A. Rodríguez Garza, Adriana E. Castro-Ramírez Principies of chinantec zoologicai taxonomy: birds 29 Osear Gustavo Retana Guiascón Traditional knowledge on the owls from a protected humid tropical forest in Costa Rica 41 Paula L. Enríquez Rocha y José Luis Rangel Salazar The maguey in Gundhó, Valle del Mezquital (Hidalgo, Mexico): varieties, propagation and changes in its use 54 Richard M. Ramsay The uses ofArundo donax L. (Poaceae) in the council of Beja, Alentejo, Portugal 67 Francisca Maria Fernandes y Luís Manuel Mendonya de Carvalho Uses and common names of the species of Cochlospermaceae in Mexico 73 Martha Cedano Maldonado y Luis Villaseñor Ibarra Traditional and scientific knowledge of mushrooms in Chihuahua, Mexico. 89 Ángel Moreno Fuentes, Elvira Aguirre Acosta y Lilia Pérez Ramírez Information to authors 121 Etnobiología 4: 1-18, 2004 FACTORES QUE INTERVIENEN EN LA REGULACIÓN LOCAL DE LA CACERÍA DE SUBSISTENCIA EN DOS COMUNIDADES DE LA SELVA LACANDONA, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO Michelle M. Guerra Roa1, Eduardo J. Naranjo Piñera2, Fernando Limón Aguirre2, Ramón Mariaca Méndez2 1 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario km. 5.5, Chetumal, Quintana Roo. C. P. 77000 2El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, A. P. 63, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, C. P. 29200 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] RESUMEN Con el objeto de describir los factores que intervienen en los sistemas de regulación local de la cacería de subsistencia, así como su relación con el consumo de fauna silvestre y el esfuerzo invertido para la obtención de presas, efectuamos entrevistas semiestructuradas y estructuradas con pobladores de las comunidades de Najá (lacandones) y Flor del Marqués (mestizos), en la Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México. Encontramos que la regulación local de la cacería en ambas comunidades está regida por la asamblea así como por el grupo familiar extenso y difiere entre ellas debido a: 1) las concepciones de la naturaleza y el conocimiento de sus habitantes acerca del entorno, 2) las relaciones desiguales con instituciones externas y 3) la relación de la cacería con las actividades productivas y las alternativas de ingreso económico en cada comunidad. Nuestras observaciones sugieren que la autorregulación de la cacería también está ligada tanto al aporte de proteínas que representa la carne de monte, como a los daños ocasionados por la fauna silvestre en las actividades agropecuarias, ambos a su vez relacionados con la percepción de la naturaleza que cada comunidad tiene (productiva o simbólica). Las propuestas de conservación de fauna silvestre realizadas por instituciones externas no siempre son compatibles con las normas comunitarias, debido a las diferentes visiones de la apropiación de la naturaleza entre los funcionarios y los pobladores locales. Palabras clave: regulación local, cacería de subsistencia, grupos étnicos, consumo de carne, Selva Lacandona. ABSTRACT FACTORS INFLUENCING LOCAL REGULATION OF SUBSISTENCE HUNTING IN TWO COMMUNITIES OF THE LACANDONIAN JUNGLE, CHIAPAS, MEXICO. Etnobiología 4: 1-18 (2004). With the purpose of describing factors influencing the subsistence of local hunting regulation systems, as well as the relationship between such regulation, wildlife consumption and the effort made by hunters in capturing the animals, we carried out semi-structured, as well as more formal interviews with inhabitants of Najá (Lacandon) and Flor del Marqués (Mestizo) in the Lacandon Forest, Chiapas, Mexico. We found that local hunting practices are ruled by the assembly and extended family groups in both communities. However, those practices differ between communities because of: 1) the different ways in which they perceive nature and are also based on the knowledge each community has of its environment 2) the unequal relationships with external institutions, and 3) the relationship of the hunt with productive activities and the alternative income sources of each community. Our observations suggest that local hunting regulatons are also linked to the amount of protein obtained from wild animals, as well as the crop and livestock damage caused by wildlife. Both these factors are in turn related to the perception of nature, both productive and symbolic, posessed by each community. The regulation proposals made by external institutions are not always compatible
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