Phylogeny, Morphology and Taxonomy
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Covered in Phylloboletellus and Numerous Clamps in Boletellus Fibuliger
PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 11, Part 3, pp. 269-302 (1981) Notes on bolete taxonomy—III Rolf Singer Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A. have Contributions involving bolete taxonomy during the last ten years not only widened the knowledge and increased the number of species in the boletes and related lamellate and gastroid forms, but have also introduced a large number of of new data on characters useful for the generic and subgeneric taxonomy these is therefore timely to fungi,resulting, in part, in new taxonomical arrangements. It consider these new data with a view to integratingthem into an amended classifi- cation which, ifit pretends to be natural must take into account all observations of possible diagnostic value. It must also take into account all sufficiently described species from all phytogeographic regions. 1. Clamp connections Like any other character (including the spore print color), the presence or absence ofclamp connections in is neither in of the carpophores here nor other groups Basidiomycetes necessarily a generic or family character. This situation became very clear when occasional clamps were discovered in Phylloboletellus and numerous clamps in Boletellus fibuliger. Kiihner (1978-1980) rightly postulates that cytology and sexuality should be considered wherever at all possible. This, as he is well aware, is not feasible in most boletes, and we must be content to judgeclamp-occurrence per se, giving it importance wherever associated with other characters and within a well circumscribed and obviously homogeneous group such as Phlebopus, Paragyrodon, and Gyrodon. (Heinemann (1954) and Pegler & Young this is (1981) treat group on the family level.) Gyroporus, also clamp-bearing, considered close, but somewhat more removed than the other genera. -
<I>Phylloporus
VOLUME 2 DECEMBER 2018 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 341–359 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.10 Phylloporus and Phylloboletellus are no longer alone: Phylloporopsis gen. nov. (Boletaceae), a new smooth-spored lamellate genus to accommodate the American species Phylloporus boletinoides A. Farid1*§, M. Gelardi2*, C. Angelini3,4, A.R. Franck5, F. Costanzo2, L. Kaminsky6, E. Ercole7, T.J. Baroni8, A.L. White1, J.R. Garey1, M.E. Smith6, A. Vizzini7§ 1Herbarium, Department of Cell Biology, Micriobiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA 2Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 3Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 4National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 5Wertheim Conservatory, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA 6Department of Plant pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 7Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 8Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York – College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 1304, USA *Authors contributed equally to this manuscript §Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The monotypic genus Phylloporopsis is described as new to science based on Phylloporus boletinoides. This Boletales species occurs widely in eastern North America and Central America. It is reported for the first time from a neotropical lamellate boletes montane pine woodland in the Dominican Republic. The confirmation of this newly recognised monophyletic genus is molecular phylogeny supported and molecularly confirmed by phylogenetic inference based on multiple loci (ITS, 28S, TEF1-α, and RPB1). -
How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?
fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic affiliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-flagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011). -
Wild About Learning
WILD ABOUT LEARNING An Interdisciplinary Unit Fostering Discovery Learning Written on a 4th grade reading level, Wild Discoveries: Wacky New Animals, is perfect for every kid who loves wacky animals! With engaging full-color photos throughout, the book draws readers right into the animal action! Wild Discoveries features newly discovered species from around the world--such as the Shocking Pink Dragon and the Green Bomber. These wacky species are organized by region with fun facts about each one's amazing abilities and traits. The book concludes with a special section featuring new species discovered by kids! Heather L. Montgomery writes about science and nature for kids. Her subject matter ranges from snake tongues to snail poop. Heather is an award-winning teacher who uses yuck appeal to engage young minds. During a typical school visit, petrified parts and tree guts inspire reluctant writers and encourage scientific thinking. Heather has a B.S. in Biology and a M.S. in Environmental Education. When she is not writing, you can find her painting her face with mud at the McDowell Environmental Center where she is the Education Coordinator. Heather resides on the Tennessee/Alabama border. Learn more about her ten books at www.HeatherLMontgomery.com. Dear Teachers, Photo by Sonya Sones As I wrote Wild Discoveries: Wacky New Animals, I was astounded by how much I learned. As expected, I learned amazing facts about animals and the process of scientifically describing new species, but my knowledge also grew in subjects such as geography, math and language arts. I have developed this unit to share that learning growth with children. -
Heimioporus (Boletineae) in Australia
Australasian Mycologist (2011) 29 Heimioporus (Boletineae) in Australia Roy E. Halling1,3 and Nigel A. Fechner2 1Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, United States of America. 2Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Garden, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland 4066, Australia. 3Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected]. Abstract Two species of Heimioporus are fully documented, described and illustrated from recent collections gathered in Queensland. While H. fruticicola is known only from Australia so far, the specimens of H. japonicusMYVT-YHZLY0ZSHUKHUK*VVSVVSHYLWYLZLU[HUL^YLWVY[HUKZPNUPÄJHU[YHUNLL_[LUZPVUMVY this bolete. Key words: Boletes, mycorrhizae, Australia, biogeography. Introduction Materials and Methods Heimioporus^HZWYVWVZLKI`/VYHRHZHUL^ General colour terms are approximations, and the colour name to replace the bolete genus Heimiella Boedijn non codes (e.g., 7D8) are page, column, and row designations 3VOTHUU (ZTHU`HZZWLJPLZ^LYLPUJS\KLK from Kornerup & Wanscher (1983). All microscopic observations were made with an Olympus BHS compound I` /VYHR I\[ HZ LU]PZHNLK OLYL [OL NLU\Z microscope equipped with Nomarski differential interference circumscribes 10 species. These have olive-brown contrast (DIC) optics, and measurements were from dried spores which are alveolate-reticulate to reticulate or with TH[LYPHSYL]P]LKPU 26/;OLHIIYL]PH[PVU8YLMLYZ[V[OL pit-like perforations, extremely rarely rugulose and then mean length/width ratio measured from n basidiospores, and with crater–like pits; they are elongate-ellipsoid to short x refers to the mean length × mean width. Scanning electron LSSPWZVPK HUK SHJR H Z\WYHOPSHY WSHNL )VLKPQU micrographs of the spores were captured digitally from a included only the type species of his genus (Boletus Hitachi S-2700 scanning electron microscope operating at retisporus Pat. -
CZECH MYCOLOGY Publication of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology
CZECH MYCOLOGY Publication of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology Volume 57 August 2005 Number 1-2 Central European genera of the Boletaceae and Suillaceae, with notes on their anatomical characters Jo s e f Š u t a r a Prosetická 239, 415 01 Tbplice, Czech Republic Šutara J. (2005): Central European genera of the Boletaceae and Suillaceae, with notes on their anatomical characters. - Czech Mycol. 57: 1-50. A taxonomic survey of Central European genera of the families Boletaceae and Suillaceae with tubular hymenophores, including the lamellate Phylloporus, is presented. Questions concerning the delimitation of the bolete genera are discussed. Descriptions and keys to the families and genera are based predominantly on anatomical characters of the carpophores. Attention is also paid to peripheral layers of stipe tissue, whose anatomical structure has not been sufficiently studied. The study of these layers, above all of the caulohymenium and the lateral stipe stratum, can provide information important for a better understanding of relationships between taxonomic groups in these families. The presence (or absence) of the caulohymenium with spore-bearing caulobasidia on the stipe surface is here considered as a significant ge neric character of boletes. A new combination, Pseudoboletus astraeicola (Imazeki) Šutara, is proposed. Key words: Boletaceae, Suillaceae, generic taxonomy, anatomical characters. Šutara J. (2005): Středoevropské rody čeledí Boletaceae a Suillaceae, s poznámka mi k jejich anatomickým znakům. - Czech Mycol. 57: 1-50. Je předložen taxonomický přehled středoevropských rodů čeledí Boletaceae a. SuiUaceae s rourko- vitým hymenoforem, včetně rodu Phylloporus s lupeny. Jsou diskutovány otázky týkající se vymezení hřibovitých rodů. Popisy a klíče k čeledím a rodům jsou založeny převážně na anatomických znacích plodnic. -
Chapter 2 Literature Review
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. BASIDIOMYCOTA (MACROFUNGI) Representatives of the fungi sensu stricto include four phyla: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota (McLaughlin et al., 2001; Seifert and Gams, 2001). Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are described as lower fungi. They are characterized by vegetative mycelium with no septa, complete septa are only found in reproductive structures. Asexual and sexual reproductions are by sporangia and zygospore formation respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are higher fungi and have a more complex mycelium with elaborate, perforate septa. Members of Ascomycota produce sexual ascospores in sac-shaped cells (asci) while fungi in Basidiomycota produce sexual basidiospores on club-shaped basidia in complex fruit bodies. Anamorphic fungi are anamorphs of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and usually produce asexual conidia (Nicklin et al., 1999; Kirk et al., 2001). The Basidiomycota contains about 30,000 described species, which is 37% of the described species of true Fungi (Kirk et al., 2001). They have a huge impact on human affairs and ecosystem functioning. Many Basidiomycota obtain nutrition by decaying dead organic matter, including wood and leaf litter. Thus, Basidiomycota play a significant role in the carbon cycle. Unfortunately, Basidiomycota frequently 5 attack the wood in buildings and other structures, which has negative economic consequences for humans. 2.1.1 LIFE CYCLE OF MUSHROOM (BASIDIOMYCOTA) The life cycle of mushroom (Figure 2.1) is beginning at the site of meiosis. The basidium is the cell in which karyogamy (nuclear fusion) and meiosis occur, and on which haploid basidiospores are formed (basidia are not produced by asexual Basidiomycota). Mushroom produce basidia on multicellular fruiting bodies. -
Desjardin Et Al – 1 Short Title: Spongiforma Squarepantsii from Borneo 1 Spongiforma Squarepantsii , a New Species of Gastero
Desjardin et al – 1 1 Short title: Spongiforma squarepantsii from Borneo 2 Spongiforma squarepantsii, a new species of gasteroid bolete from Borneo 3 Dennis E. Desjardin1* 4 Kabir G. Peay2 5 Thomas D. Bruns3 6 1Dept. of Biology, San Francisco State university, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, 7 California 94131; 2Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 8 55108, USA; 3Dept. Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, 9 Berkeley, California 94720-3102 10 Abstract: A gasteroid bolete collected recently in Sarawak on the island of Borneo is described 11 as the new species Spongiforma squarepantsii. A comprehensive description, illustrations, 12 phylogenetic tree and a comparison with a closely allied species are provided. 13 Key words: Boletales, fungi, taxonomy 14 INTRODUCTION 15 An unusual sponge-shaped, terrestrial fungus was encountered by Peay et al. (2010) 16 during a recent study of ectomycorrhizal community structure in the dipterocarp dominated 17 forest of the Lambir Hills in Sarawak, Malaysia. The form of the sporocarp was unusual enough 18 that before microscopic examination the collectors were uncertain whether the fungus was a 19 member of the Ascomycota or the Basidiomycota. However, upon returning to the laboratory it 20 was recognized as a species of the recently described genus Spongiforma Desjardin, Manf. 21 Binder, Roekring & Flegel that was described from dipterocarp forests in Thailand (Desjardin et 22 al. 2009). The Borneo specimens differed in color, odor and basidiospore ornamentation from Desjardin et al – 2 23 the Thai species, and subsequent ITS sequence analysis revealed further differences warranting 24 its formal description as a new species. -
The Genus Imleria (Boletaceae) in East Asia
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279035305 The genus Imleria (Boletaceae) in East Asia Article in Phytotaxa · December 2014 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.191.1.5 CITATIONS READS 4 180 8 authors, including: Gang wu Bang Feng Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 25 PUBLICATIONS 164 CITATIONS 80 PUBLICATIONS 245 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Gerhard Kost Philipps University of Marburg 45 PUBLICATIONS 897 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and Biogeography of Boletes View project Available from: Gang wu Retrieved on: 21 November 2016 Phytotaxa 191 (1): 081–098 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.191.1.5 The genus Imleria (Boletaceae) in East Asia XUE-TAI ZHU1,2, YAN-CHUN LI1, GANG WU1,2, BANG FENG1, KUAN ZHAO1,2, MATTEO GELARDI3, GERHARD W. KOST4 & ZHU L. YANG1* 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kun- ming 650201, Yunnan, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3Via Traversa della Selciatella 2B, I-00062 Bracciano, RM, Italy 4Systematic Botany & Mycology, FB17, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Imleria can be easily distinguished from other genera of Boletaceae by the combination of the following charac- ters: a chestnut brown pileus and stipe, a cream to pale yellow hymenophore, a viscid pileal surface when moist, a cyanescent context and hymenophore on handling or exposure, an ixotrichodermal pileipellis and smooth spores. -
Boletus Edulis and Cistus Ladanifer: Characterization of Its Ectomycorrhizae, in Vitro Synthesis, and Realised Niche
UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA ESCUELA INTERNACIONAL DE DOCTORADO Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer: characterization of its ectomycorrhizae, in vitro synthesis, and realised niche. Boletus edulis y Cistus ladanifer: caracterización de sus ectomicorrizas, síntesis in vitro y área potencial. Dª. Beatriz Águeda Hernández 2014 UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA ESCUELA INTERNACIONAL DE DOCTORADO Boletus edulis AND Cistus ladanifer: CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ECTOMYCORRHIZAE, in vitro SYNTHESIS, AND REALISED NICHE tesis doctoral BEATRIZ ÁGUEDA HERNÁNDEZ Memoria presentada para la obtención del grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Murcia: Dra. Luz Marina Fernández Toirán Directora, Universidad de Valladolid Dra. Asunción Morte Gómez Tutora, Universidad de Murcia 2014 Dª. Luz Marina Fernández Toirán, Profesora Contratada Doctora de la Universidad de Valladolid, como Directora, y Dª. Asunción Morte Gómez, Profesora Titular de la Universidad de Murcia, como Tutora, AUTORIZAN: La presentación de la Tesis Doctoral titulada: ‘Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer: characterization of its ectomycorrhizae, in vitro synthesis, and realised niche’, realizada por Dª Beatriz Águeda Hernández, bajo nuestra inmediata dirección y supervisión, y que presenta para la obtención del grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Murcia. En Murcia, a 31 de julio de 2014 Dra. Luz Marina Fernández Toirán Dra. Asunción Morte Gómez Área de Botánica. Departamento de Biología Vegetal Campus Universitario de Espinardo. 30100 Murcia T. 868 887 007 – www.um.es/web/biologia-vegetal Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. Albert Einstein Le petit prince, alors, ne put contenir son admiration: -Que vous êtes belle! -N´est-ce pas, répondit doucement la fleur. Et je suis née meme temps que le soleil.. -
(Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a New Monotypic Sequestrate Genus and Species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 62: 53–73 (2020) Longistriata flava a new sequestrate genus and species 53 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest Marcelo A. Sulzbacher1, Takamichi Orihara2, Tine Grebenc3, Felipe Wartchow4, Matthew E. Smith5, María P. Martín6, Admir J. Giachini7, Iuri G. Baseia8 1 Departamento de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves s/n, CEP: 50760-420, Recife, PE, Brazil 2 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan 3 Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia/CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP: 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil 5 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Flori- da, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 6 Departamento de Micologia, Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain 7 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Trindade – Setor F, CEP 88040-900, Flo- rianópolis, SC, Brazil 8 Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, CEP: 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil Corresponding author: Tine Grebenc ([email protected]) Academic editor: A.Vizzini | Received 4 September 2019 | Accepted 8 November 2019 | Published 3 February 2020 Citation: Sulzbacher MA, Orihara T, Grebenc T, Wartchow F, Smith ME, Martín MP, Giachini AJ, Baseia IG (2020) Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. -
Xerocomus S. L. in the Light of the Present State of Knowledge
CZECH MYCOL. 60(1): 29–62, 2008 Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge JOSEF ŠUTARA Prosetická 239, 415 01 Teplice, Czech Republic [email protected] Šutara J. (2008): Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge. – Czech Mycol. 60(1): 29–62. The definition of the generic limits of Xerocomus s. l. and particularly the delimitation of this genus from Boletus is very unclear and controversial. During his study of European species of the Boletaceae, the author has come to the conclusion that Xerocomus in a wide concept is a heterogeneous mixture of several groups of species. These groups are separated from each other by different anatomical and some other characters. Also recent molecular studies show that Xerocomus s. l. is not a monophyletic group. In agreement with these facts, the European species of Xerocomus s. l. whose anatomy was studied by the present author are here classified into the following, more distinctly delimited genera: Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus gen. nov., Hemileccinum gen. nov. and Pseudoboletus. Boletus badius and Boletus moravicus, also often treated as species of Xerocomus, are retained for the present in the genus Boletus. The differences between Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, Pseudoboletus and Boletus (which is related to this group of genera) are discussed in detail. Two new genera, Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum, and necessary new combinations of species names are proposed. Key words: Boletaceae, Xerocomus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, generic taxonomy, anatomy, histology. Šutara J. (2008): Rod Xerocomus s. l. ve světle současného stavu znalostí. – Czech Mycol.