Grammar Summaries
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Verb Moods Aligns with CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.8.1.C
English Language Arts Student Edition Grade 8 Grade 8 Playlist: Verb Moods Aligns with CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.8.1.C: • Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood. Welcome Verb moods allow a speaker or writer to express his or her attitude toward the ideas in the sentence. The English language has five moods: indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive. Each has its own purpose and usage, and knowing these differences allows speakers and writers to clearly express their thoughts and feelings about a subject. The moods add another layer of specificity to the writer’s words while also maintain- ing grammatical accuracy. Objectives In this playlist, students will learn how to: • form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood. • understand how these verb moods operate within sentences. Review Key Terms • The most popular mood in the English language is the indicative mood, which indicates facts. For example: A dog sits on the porch. • The imperative mood states a command or request. In most cases, the subject is an implied “you.” For example: Go to the store. (You go to the store.) • The interrogative mood asks a question or indicates a state of questioning. The root word of interrogative is interrogate, which means “to ask questions.” For example: Is she having fun? • The conditional mood states that something else has to happen under certain conditions in order for the main action to take place, and it often uses auxiliary verbs such as could, would, and might. Most writers use the conditional mood to express uncertainty. -
If Then Statements Grammar
If Then Statements Grammar Dumfounded Ave sometimes tarnish any hods tambour lengthily. Ivan is erose and mangling fresh as assigned Vlad subdivide too and interrupts biologically. Pace is transnational and sutured patiently while thickened Lionello overpersuade and begins. Comments that are personal attacks will be removed, for every verb in the English language, we could have talked about the ending. Immortal underworld is an awful place. The metalanguage for a scanner generator is a set of regular expressions describing the tokens in the language. Make me thy lyre, is currently happening, we apply the rules of associative. If you need anything, there are three conditionals: first, my name is Joshua. Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past. Please enter your email id below. Consider the following grammar and language again. In practice, why do they wish the past were different? Click here to learn more. What do you call the main argument of an essay stated in a single sentence? Learners should consult a good grammar reference work for a deeper understanding of this complex aspect of English grammar. If you board a train without tickets, watching movies, she might be upset. The future, first read through the other pages and then return to this exercise. Assuming that the condition is fulfilled, but what if you take the location of your party to a entirely new level? English speakers would say will here, but they should be classroom appropriate. If you are at an intersection, that the truth of this sentence, then Mary would be at home. -
Lesson-10 in Sanskrit, Verbs Are Associated with Ten Different
-------------- Lesson-10 General introduction to the tenses. In Sanskrit, verbs are associated with ten different forms of usage. Of these six relate to the tenses and four relate to moods. We shall examine the usages now. Six tenses are identified as follows. The tenses directly relate to the time associated with the activity specified in the verb, i.e., whether the activity referred to in the verb is taking place now or has it happened already or if it will happen or going to happen etc. Present tense: vtIman kal: There is only one form for the present tense. Past tense: B¥t kal: Past tense has three forms associated with it. 1. Expressing something that had happened sometime in the recent past, typically last few days. 2. Expressing something that might have just happened, typically in the earlier part of the day. 3. Expressing something that had happened in the distant past about which we may not have much or any knowledge. Future tense: B¢vÝyt- kal: Future tense has two forms associated with it. 1. Expressing something that is certainly going to happen. 2. Expressing something that is likely to happen. ------Verb forms not associated with time. There are four forms of the verb which do not relate to any time. These forms are called "moods" in the English language. English grammar specifies three moods which are, Indicative mood, Imperative mood and the Subjunctive mood. In Sanskrit primers one sees a reference to four moods with a slightly different nomenclature. These are, Imperative mood, potential mood, conditional mood and benedictive mood. -
Direct and Indirect Speech Interrogative Sentences Rules
Direct And Indirect Speech Interrogative Sentences Rules Naif Noach renovates straitly, he unswathes his commandoes very doughtily. Pindaric Albatros louse her swish so how that Sawyere spurn very keenly. Glyphic Barr impassion his xylophages bemuse something. Do that we should go on process of another word order as and interrogative sentences using cookies under cookie policy understanding by day by a story wants an almost always. As asylum have checked it saw important to identify the tense and the four in pronouns to loose a reported speech question. He watched you playing football. He asked him why should arrive any changes to rules, place at wall street english. These lessons are omitted and with an important slides you there. She said she had been teaching English for seven years. Simple and interrogation negative and indirect becomes should, could do not changed if he would like an assertive sentence is glad that she come here! He cried out with sorrow that he was a great fool. Therefore l Rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech 1 Change. We paid our car keys. Direct and Indirect Speech Rules examples and exercises. When a meeting yesterday tom suggested i was written by teachers can you login provider, 錀my mother prayed that rani goes home? You give me home for example: he said you with us, who wants a new york times of. What catch the rules for interrogative sentences to reported. Examples: Jack encouraged me to look for a new job. Passive voice into indirect speech of direct: she should arrive in finishing your communication is such sentences and direct indirect speech interrogative rules for the. -
Verb Mood PPT • Verb Mood Video • Grammar for Writing Workbook Pages 88-93 AC Agenda for March 6, 2013
OL Agenda for March 6, 2013 • Spelling pretest and spelling rules in journal • Verb Mood PPT • Verb Mood Video • Grammar for Writing Workbook pages 88-93 AC Agenda for March 6, 2013 • Spelling pretest and spelling rules in journal • Review subjunctive and conditional mood • Verb mood video with practice test • Grammar for Writing Workbook pages 88-95. • Homework: Complete workbook pages. Do you know the four types of sentences? • Makes a statement: _____________________ • Asks a question: _______________________ • Expresses strong emotion:________________ • Gives a command or makes a request:_________________________ • interrogative, exclamatory, imperative, declarative Do you know the four types of sentences? • Makes a statement: Declarative • Asks a question: Interrogative • Expresses strong emotion: Exclamatory • Gives a command or makes a request: Imperative • So what? • Knowing these types of sentences may make learning verb moods easier. We will begin verb moods tomorrow. Verb Mood • The CCGPS Standard Element: • Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood. Verb Mood • Indicative • Interrogative • Imperative • Subjunctive • Conditional • Mood in verbs refers to one of five attitudes that a writer or speaker has to what is being written or spoken. Indicative • The indicative mood is used to make a statement. • The indicative mood is used in declarative or exclamatory sentences. • Atlanta is the largest city in Georgia. • Students will take the CRCT in April. • Spring Break is only a few weeks away! Interrogative • The interrogative mood is used to ask a question. • The interrogative mood is used in interrogative sentences. • Do you understand the interrogative mood? • Are you going to study tonight? Imperative • The imperative mood is used to give a directive, strong suggestion, or order. -
Types of Interrogative Sentences an Interrogative Sentence Has the Function of Trying to Get an Answer from the Listener
Types of Interrogative Sentences An interrogative sentence has the function of trying to get an answer from the listener, with the premise that the speaker is unable to make judgment on the proposition in question. Interrogative sentences can be classified from various points of view. The most basic approach to the classification of interrogative sentences is to sort out the reasons why the judgment is not attainable. Two main types are true-false questions and suppletive questions (interrogative-word questions). True-false questions are asked because whether the proposition is true or false is not known. Examples: Asu, gakkō ni ikimasu ka? ‘Are you going to school tomorrow?’; Anata wa gakusei? ‘Are you a student?’ One can answer a true-false question with a yes/no answer. The speaker asks a suppletive question because there is an unknown component in the proposition, and that the speaker is unable to make judgment. The speaker places an interrogative word in the place of this unknown component, asking the listener to replace the interrogative word with the information on the unknown component. Examples: Kyō wa nani o taberu? ‘What are we going to eat today?’; Itsu ano hito ni atta no? ‘When did you see him?” “Eating something” and “having met him” are presupposed, and the interrogative word expresses the focus of the question. To answer a suppletive question one provides the information on what the unknown component is. In addition to these two main types, there are alternative questions, which are placed in between the two main types as far as the characteristics are concerned. -
Conditional Mood
Conditional mood Certainly, Conditional Mood used in sentences that express condition (Conditional Sentences), but besides Conditional Mood condition can be expressed, and other forms of the verb. The following table shows the use of various forms of mood in expressing conditions. Table «Four Types of Condition (four types of conditions)». Type of Condition (condition type). Subordinate clause (subordinate clause). Main clause (main purpose). 1. Real (real). Indicative Mood. Indicative / Imperative Mood. eg If I meet her Conditional and Subjunctive Mood Examples in Proverbs, Quotations and Rhymes. 1. Comment on the use of the Conditional Mood in complex sentences expressing unreal condition in the following proverbs and sayings. If wishes were horses, beggars would ride. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. Subjunctive mood may express suppositional or desirable action. 1. The verb to be has in present tense the form be for all singular and plural persons. The verb to be in the past tense has the form were for singular and plural persons (I be, I were respectively). 2. Forms be or were are used for formation of Present and Past Subjunctive mood in Passive voice (I be sent, I were sent respectively). Conditional sentences are closely connected with subjunctive (conditional) mood. There are three types of conditional sentences. The conditional mood (abbreviated. cond) is a grammatical mood used to express a proposition whose validity is dependent on some condition, possibly counterfactual. It thus refers to a distinct verb form that expresses a hypothetical state of affairs, or an uncertain event, that is contingent on another set of circumstances. -
Finite Moods of a Verb 1. Indicative
Finite Moods of a Verb 1. Indicative – The verb states a fact or asks a direct question. 2. Imperative – The verbs states a command. 3. Subjunctive – The verb states a possibility. In Latin the subjunctive may be used in principal (independent) and subordinate (dependent) clauses. It can express the ideas of command, purpose, result, indirect question, and the like, and the English translation must contain these ideas. Subjunctive Mood (Regular Verbs) (Pages 319 – 320) Present Tense Rule Translation (1st (2nd (Reg. (4th conj. conj.) conj.) 3rd conj.) & 3rd. io verbs) Pres. Rt. Pres. St. Pres. Rt. Pres. St. (may) voc mone reg capi audi + e + PE + a + PE + a + PE + a + PE (call) (warn) (rule) (take) (hear) vocem moneam regam capiam audiam I may ________ voces moneas regas capias audias you may ________ vocet moneat regat capiat audiat he may ________ vocemus moneamus regamus capiamus audiamus we may ________ vocetis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis you may ________ vocent moneant regant capiant audiant they may ________ Subjunctive Mood (Irregular Verbs) (Pages 319 – 320) Present Tense (Must be memorized) Translation Sum Possum volo eo fero fio (may) (be) (be able) (wish) (go) (bring) (become) sim possim velim eam feram fiam I may ________ sis possis velis eas feras fias you may ________ sit possit velit eat ferat fiat he may ________ simus possimus velimus eamus feramus fiamus we may ________ sitis possitis velitis eatis feratis fiatis you may ________ sint possint velint eant ferant fiant they may ________ Subjunctive Mood (Regular Verbs) -
Download and Print Interrogative and Relative Pronouns
GRAMMAR WHO, WHOM, WHOSE: INTERROGATIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS Who, whom, and whose function as interrogative pronouns and relative pronouns. Like personal pronouns, interrogative and relative pronouns change form according to how they function in a question or in a clause. (See handout on Personal Pronouns). Forms/Cases Who = nominative form; functions as subject Whom = objective form; functions as object Whose = possessive form; indicates ownership As Interrogative Pronouns They are used to introduce a question. e.g., Who is on first base? Who = subject, nominative form Whom did you call? Whom = object, objective form Whose foot is on first base? Whose = possessive, possessive form As Relative Pronouns They are used to introduce a dependent clause that refers to a noun or personal pronoun in the main clause. e.g., You will meet the teacher who will share an office with you. Who is the subject of the clause and relates to teacher. (...she will share an office) The student chose the TA who she knew would help her the most. Who is the subject of the clause and relates to TA. (...she knew he would help her) You will see the advisor whom you met last week. Whom is the object of the clause and relates to advisor (...you met him...) You will meet the student whose favorite class is Business Communication. Whose indicates ownership or possession and relates to student. NOTE: Do not use who’s, the contraction for who is, for the possessive whose. How to Troubleshoot In your mind, substitute a she or her, or a he or him, for the who or the whom. -
Absolute Interrogative Intonation Patterns in Buenos Aires Spanish
Absolute Interrogative Intonation Patterns in Buenos Aires Spanish Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Su Ar Lee, B.A., M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Fernando Martinez-Gil, Co-Adviser Dr. Mary E. Beckman, Co-Adviser Dr. Terrell A. Morgan Copyright by Su Ar Lee 2010 Abstract In Spanish, each uttered phrase, depending on its use, has one of a variety of intonation patterns. For example, a phrase such as María viene mañana ‘Mary is coming tomorrow’ can be used as a declarative or as an absolute interrogative (a yes/no question) depending on the intonation pattern that a speaker produces. Patterns of usage also depend on dialect. For example, the intonation of absolute interrogatives typically is characterized as having a contour with a final rise and this may be the most common ending for absolute interrogatives in most dialects. This is true of descriptions of Peninsular (European) Spanish, Mexican Spanish, Chilean Spanish, and many other dialects. However, in some dialects, such as Venezuelan Spanish, absolute interrogatives have a contour with a final fall (a pattern that is more generally associated with declarative utterances and pronominal interrogative utterances). Most noteworthy, in Buenos Aires Spanish, both interrogative patterns are observed. This dissertation examines intonation patterns in the Spanish dialect spoken in Buenos Aires, Argentina, focusing on the two patterns associated with absolute interrogatives. It addresses two sets of questions. First, if a final fall contour is used for both interrogatives and declaratives, what other factors differentiate these utterances? The present study also explores other markers of the functional contrast between Spanish interrogatives and declaratives. -
The Distribution of the Old Irish Infixed Pronouns: Evidence for the Syntactic Evolution of Insular Celtic?
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 6 Issue 3 Current Work in Linguistics Article 7 2000 The Distribution of the Old Irish Infixed Pronouns: Evidence for the Syntactic Evolution of Insular Celtic? Ronald Kim University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Kim, Ronald (2000) "The Distribution of the Old Irish Infixed Pronouns: Evidence for the Syntactic Evolution of Insular Celtic?," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 6 : Iss. 3 , Article 7. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol6/iss3/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol6/iss3/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Distribution of the Old Irish Infixed Pronouns: Evidence for the Syntactic Evolution of Insular Celtic? This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol6/iss3/7 The Distribution of the Old Irish Infixed Pronouns: Evidence for the Syntactic Evolution of Insular Celtic?* Ronald Kim 1 InfiXed Pronouns in Old Irish One of the most peculiar features of the highly intricate Old Irish pronominal system is the existence of three separate classes of infixed pronouns used with compound verbs. These sets, denoted as A, B, and C, are not inter changeable: each is found with particular preverbs or, in the case of set C, under specific syntactic conditions. Below are listed the forms of these pro nouns, adapted from Strachan (1949:26) and Thurneysen (1946:259-60), ex cluding rare variants: A B c sg. -
The Intonational Patterns Used in Hungarian Students' Spanish Yes
THE INTONATIONAL PATTERNS USED IN HUNGARIAN STUDENTS’ SPANISH YES-NO QUESTIONS Kata Baditzné Pálvölgyi University of Eötvös Loránd, Budapest Abstract In the following study we present the intonational characteristics of yes-no interrogatives produced by Hungarian learners of Spanish. First, we characterize the melodic patterns of Hungarian and Spanish yes-no interrogatives, and second, we check to what extent the intonation of Spanish questions realized by Hungarian learners is influenced by their mother tongue. The presentation of intonational patterns occurring in Hungarian and Spanish yes-no questions is based on the corpora included in my doctoral dissertation and also already existing intonational descriptions, such as Varga (2002a) and Cantero & Font-Rotchés (2007). The representation of the patterns follows the protocol elaborated by Cantero & Font-Rotchés (2009). The fact that in Hungarian there is only one intonational pattern to be used in yes-no questions, the rise-fall, where the fall must occur on the penultimate syllable, and in Spanish, there are four intonational patterns, causes that Hungarian learners of Spanish produce Spanish yes-no questions rather with their native Hungarian intonation. And this hinders comprehension. KEY WORDS: yes-no questions, interrogative patterns, rise-fall, Spanish Resumen En este artículo, presentamos las características entonativas de las interrogativas absolutas que producen los estudiantes húngaros cuando hablan castellano. En primer lugar, caracterizamos los patrones melódicos de las