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Download and Print Interrogative and Relative Pronouns

GRAMMAR WHO, WHOM, WHOSE: INTERROGATIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS Who, whom, and whose function as interrogative pronouns and relative pronouns. Like personal pronouns, interrogative and relative pronouns change form according to how they function in a question or in a clause. (See handout on Personal Pronouns). Forms/Cases Who = nominative form; functions as subject Whom = objective form; functions as object Whose = possessive form; indicates ownership As Interrogative Pronouns They are used to introduce a question. e.g., Who is on first base? Who = subject, nominative form Whom did you call? Whom = object, objective form Whose foot is on first base? Whose = possessive, possessive form As Relative Pronouns They are used to introduce a dependent clause that refers to a noun or personal pronoun in the main clause. e.g., You will meet the teacher who will share an office with you. Who is the subject of the clause and relates to teacher. (...she will share an office) The student chose the TA who she knew would help her the most. Who is the subject of the clause and relates to TA. (...she knew he would help her) You will see the advisor whom you met last week. Whom is the object of the clause and relates to advisor (...you met him...) You will meet the student whose favorite class is Business Communication. Whose indicates ownership or possession and relates to student. NOTE: Do not use who’s, the contraction for who is, for the possessive whose. How to Troubleshoot In your mind, substitute a she or her, or a he or him, for the who or the whom. e.g., The student chose the TA who [she knew] would help her the most (...he would help her the most). e.g., You will see the advisor whom you met last week. (you met him (objective form), not he (nominative form). .

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Who, Whom, Whoever, and Whomever
San José State University Writing Center www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter Written by Cassia Homann Who, Whom, Whoever, and Whomever People often do not know when to use the pronouns “who,” “whom,” “whoever,” and “whomever.” However, with a simple trick, they will always choose the correct pronoun. For this trick, use the following key: who = she, he, I, they whom = her, him, me, them Who In the following sentences, use the steps that are outlined to decide whether to use who or whom. Example Nicole is a girl (who/whom) likes to read. Step 1: Cover up the part of the sentence before “who/whom.” Nicole is a girl (who/whom) likes to read. Step 2: For the remaining part of the sentence, test with a pronoun using the above key. Replace “who” with “she”; replace “whom” with “her.” Who likes to read = She likes to read Whom likes to read = Her likes to read Step 3: Consider which one sounds correct. (Remember that the pronoun “she” is the subject of a sentence, and the pronoun “her” is part of the object of a sentence.) “She likes to read” is the correct wording. Step 4: Because “she” works, the correct pronoun to use is “who.” Nicole is a girl who likes to read. Who, Whom, Whoever, and Whomever, Fall 2012. Rev. Summer 2014. 1 of 4 Whom Example Elizabeth wrote a letter to someone (who/whom) she had never met. Step 1: Cover up the part of the sentence before “who/whom.” Elizabeth wrote a letter to someone (who/whom) she had never met.
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