Synthesis of the Digital Lives Research Project
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DIGITAL >>LIVES An Initial Synthesis i Research Conference 2009 DIGITAL LIVES Personal Digital Archives for the 21st Century >> An Initial Synthesis by Jeremy Leighton John with Ian Rowlands Peter Williams Katrina Dean THIS IS VERSION 0.2 WELCOMING SUGGESTIONS & FEEDBACK AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIGITAL LIVES RESEARCH PROJECT 2009 A research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council Grant BLRC 8669 (Research Grants: Speculative) A Digital Lives Research Paper ii A synthesis of the Digital Lives research project, led by the British Library, in partnership with University College London and the University of Bristol, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council http://www.bl.uk/digital-lives/index.html The synthesis considers the curation of personal digital archives across the whole archival lifecycle Beta Version 0.2, 03 March 2010 Possible citation style: John, J. L.; I. Rowlands; P. Williams; and K. Dean (2010) Digital Lives. Personal digital archives for the 21st century >> an initial synthesis, Digital Lives Research Paper, 03 March 2010, Beta Version 0.2 All hyperlinks will be checked in subsequent versions THE PAPER PRESENTS OUTPUT OF THE DIGITAL LIVES RESEARCH PROJECT: THE OPINIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS EXPRESSED DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE POLICY OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY iii BETA VERSION: 0.2 03 March 2010 A Note on the Beta Version In the spirit of the times we are making the Initial Synthesis available first as a Beta Version. Readers are invited to send their thoughts and suggestions to the email address: [email protected] We may not be able to reply to all email messages: for one thing we do not know how many there will be, but we shall read all of them. Please identify yourself, and if available please use your institutional email address. Please do not send any attachments With many thanks in anticipation Please take care to cite this document as Beta Version 0.2 iv “Turned aside into the meadow to look at the great stone of Cross Ffordd. It is a long time since I stood beside it, and I had forgotten that the stone was so large. I suppose no one will ever know now what the grey silent mysterious witness means, or why it was set there. Perhaps it could tell some strange wild tales and many generations have flowed and ebbed round it. There is something very solemn about these great solitary stones which stand about the country, monuments of some one or something, but the memory has perished and the history is forgotten” 29 March 1871, Diary of Reverend Francis Kilvert living in the Borders of Wales v SUMMARY Abstract Digital Lives: Personal Digital Archives for the 21st Century >> An Initial Synthesis Beta version 0.2, 03 March 2010 Jeremy Leighton John, Ian Rowlands, Peter Williams and Katrina Dean A Digital Lives Research Paper The digital era has changed the nature and scope of personal archiving forever. The Digital Lives research project accordingly has examined both theoretical and practical aspects of curating personal digital objects, or eMANUSCRIPTS, over the entire archival life cycle. This initial synthesis offers an overview of the emerging field of personal informatics and personal curation. It contemplates three audiences: the individual who is leading a digital life and creating a personal digital archive, the practicing professional archivist and curator, and the scholar and scientist who is accessing the contents of personal archives for research purposes. Methods and procedures included person-to-person interviews, online questionnaires, workshops and focus groups, online and library research and literature reviews, online interviews, a research conference with real and virtual world presentations and attendance, and technology testing and implementation. Creators, archivists and scholars have all made important contributions as have digital specialists and media researchers. It is concluded that the role of personal archives in daily life and their research value have never been more profound. The potential benefits to society and to individuals are both deep and far reaching in their capacity to empower research and human well being and advancement. With society and humanity facing some very demanding challenges and changes in the coming years and decades it is imperative that analysis of the way people live their lives in relation to their cultural, social and natural environments can be conducted regularly and systematically, based on reliable sources of personal information - obtained and used ethically and legally with the full and ongoing support of participating individuals. Life information promises to be an invaluable resource in monitoring the natural environment, in capturing historical events and precedents as witnessed by people everywhere, and in comprehensive recording of literary, artistic, sociopolitical and scientific endeavour and enlightenment. At the same time it represents a possible emancipation of people generally, allowing interested individuals of the digital populace to have their personal and family memories, creativity and unfolding lives, acknowledged as a persistent personal archive and through lasting personal digital objects. A prominent perspective highlighted by the project is that of recognising the diversity of attitudes and inclinations among people. Not everyone will want to engage in these activities at first; and people will always vary in the extent to which they do so. Some, however, will be early adopters, and already many individuals are holding varying quantities of personal life information; and it is anticipated that this phenomenon will increase rapidly. A critical motivation for research into the personal information that will be increasingly held in personal archives by means of digital technologies is - slightly paradoxically - the need to understand the impact of these technologies on people’s lives. vi With this in mind it is possible to envisage a network of repositories, large and small, cooperating towards two common goals: (i) the building up of holdings of personal archives for institutional, local, regional and national collections and scholarship, and (ii) the promotion and facilitation of sustainable personal archives retained by members of the digital public and their families, as archives in the wild. It is postulated that roles of repositories may lie sometime in the future not only (i) in garnering selections of personal archives and personal digital objects, and (ii) in providing enhanced security and access for the most culturally and scientifically valuable personal archives, but also (iii) in serving as guardians of the authenticity of the originals including digital objects in the wild, (iv) in providing services that strengthen and assist the effectiveness of archives in the wild, and (v) in developing an expertise in the content of archives in the wild as well as the repositories own digital holdings. For sure there are major challenges ahead. Digital capture and preservation are two key activities central to the sustainability of personal archives and the holding of life information by individuals and repositories. The project emphasises, however, a third interrelated activity of digital function or utility, which seeks to understand, improve and diversify the actual and potential usefulness and value of the personal digital object as far as it is possible. It is in some sense the most fundamental activity for it ultimately motivates the expenditure of resources and effort on stewardship and provision and warrants much more attention. The project has outlined the concept of Personal Informatics to encapsulate these three concerns of digital capture, preservation and utility in the context of personal digital objects, and to embrace the study of digital personal information in all its manifestations. In addition to highlighting gaps and necessary research for the future, the synthesis shows how many of the technical challenges are being met with new, modified and integrated techniques emerging from the digital curation, preservation and resource discovery and interpretation communities. In particular this study has brought to attention forensic capture for authentication, to be combined with file format conversion or migration for longlasting interoperability, and exact replication of files with high fidelity emulation for historically reliable perception and interaction. The notion of enhanced curation has been promoted with exemplar activities directed at capturing comprehensive contextual information, along with an adaptive approach to curatorial challenges. The synthesis highlights crucial and influential work being done in the digital preservation community. The Planets Framework is delivering a coherent focal place for key preservation activities. Among the most exciting developments are a series of modular emulation projects and the ongoing practical refinement of the universal virtual machine concept. Many of these tools are nonproprietary or open source, and will transform the situation for hard pressed archivists. The shape of an archival lifecycle is outlined at the conclusion of the synthesis with illustrative tools for each phase. vii The recent progress in digital curation and preservation is encouraging and heartening. Yet there is clearly much more to be done before contemporary archivists are universally applying these processes as everyday activities in their professional lives. To this end, five strategic modules each comprising a pair of closely related activities are highlighted.