Fake News: No One Is Liable, and That Is a Problem
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Automated Meme Magic: an Exploration Into the Implementations and Imaginings of Bots on Reddit”
1 “Automated Meme Magic: An Exploration into the Implementations and Imaginings of Bots on Reddit” Jonathan Murthy | [email protected] | 2018 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................3 Abstract......................................................................................................................................................4 1.2 Research Questions.........................................................................................................................6 1.2.1 Why Reddit..............................................................................................................................7 1.2.2 Bots..........................................................................................................................................9 1.3 Outline...........................................................................................................................................10 2 Bot Research.........................................................................................................................................11 2.1. Functional Bots.............................................................................................................................13 2.2 Harmful Bots.................................................................................................................................14 2.2.1 The Rise of Socialbots...........................................................................................................16 -
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M V 7>DB4>540AC7)Get a chic blueprint with no carbon footprint | 8]bXST A PUBLICATION OF | P L A N Y O U R N I G H T A T W W W. E X P R E S S N I G H T O U T. C O M | OCTOBER 3-5, 2008 | -- 5A44++ Weekend C74A>03F0AA8>AB --;Pbc]XVWc½bSTQPcTT]STSPUcTa C74A43B:8=B4G?42C0C>D675867C8=?78;;Hk ! 4g_aTbb½STPS[X]T5X]SX]ST_cW R^eTaPVTPcfPbWX]Vc^]_^bcR^\ <R2PX] 2^]RTSTb CHRIS O’MEARA/AP Evan Longoria hit two home runs in the Rays’ win. <XRWXVP] APhbA^[[)Longoria powers Losing ground, Republican Tampa to first playoff win | # writes off battleground state F0B78=6C>=k Republican presidential can- ATbRdT4UU^ac) Push to get didate John McCain conceded battleground Michigan to the Democrats on Thursday, GOP bailout passed gains steam | " officials said, a major retreat as he struggles to regain his footing in a campaign increas- 5^bbTcc2[dTb) Wreckage of ingly dominated by economic issues. These officials said McCain was pulling adventurer’s plane found | # staff and advertising out of the economically distressed Midwestern state. With 17 elec- 4=C4AC08=<4=C toral votes, Michigan voted for Democrat John Kerry in 2004, but Republicans had poured money into an effort to try to place it in their column this year. ?[PhX]V=XRT) The decision allows McCain’s resources Michael Cera acts to be sent to Ohio, Wisconsin, Florida and other more competitive states. But it also sweetly awk- means Obama can shift money to other ward .. -
The Voices of NPR
Episode 11 – Michael Goldfarb – All Along the Watchtower The Voices of NPR And now a personal word, Michael Goldfarb has the voice of a journalist who has witnessed important events. He speaks with weariness and authority. His voice evokes a chorus of NPR announcers who report from near and distant places. Writer Dierdre Mask noted in an article in the Atlantic magazine, “We can’t see NPR reporters, so we have to picture them. And because they are with us in our most private moments—alone in the car, half-asleep in bed—we start to think we know them.” And we do think we know them. Their voices are iconic: distinct, informative, comforting, familiar. Their voices are the sounds of our better selves when we are bright and learned and engaged in the affairs of the world. No matter the day’s events, they give us hope that in a crazy world, sense and sensibility will prevail. Here are a few names I grew up with: Susan Stamberg, Bob Edwards, Carl Kasell, Noah Adams, Linda Wertheimer, Robert Siegel, Scott Simon, Cokie Roberts, and Bob Mondello. Each name evokes a voice, a style, a beat, that is the news soundtrack of our lives and shared imagination. We hear their stories as they report from bureaus from foreign capitals: Eleanor Beardsley, Paris; Rob Gifford, London; Ofiebea Quist-Arcton, Dakar; and, of course, Sylvia Poggioli, Rome. We hear war correspondents in the thick of battle: Michael Golfarb in Northern Ireland and Bosnia; Kelly McEvers in the midst of death and kidnapping in the Arab Spring, Tom Bowman among the fire and mortars of Helmand Province, and David Gilkey ambushed and killed by the Taliban. -
Articles & Reports
1 Reading & Resource List on Information Literacy Articles & Reports Adegoke, Yemisi. "Like. Share. Kill.: Nigerian police say false information on Facebook is killing people." BBC News. Accessed November 21, 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt- sh/nigeria_fake_news. See how Facebook posts are fueling ethnic violence. ALA Public Programs Office. “News: Fake News: A Library Resource Round-Up.” American Library Association. February 23, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/articles/fake-news-library-round. ALA Public Programs Office. “Post-Truth: Fake News and a New Era of Information Literacy.” American Library Association. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/learn/post-truth- fake-news-and-new-era-information-literacy. This has a 45-minute webinar by Dr. Nicole A. Cook, University of Illinois School of Information Sciences, which is intended for librarians but is an excellent introduction to fake news. Albright, Jonathan. “The Micro-Propaganda Machine.” Medium. November 4, 2018. https://medium.com/s/the-micro-propaganda-machine/. In a three-part series, Albright critically examines the role of Facebook in spreading lies and propaganda. Allen, Mike. “Machine learning can’g flag false news, new studies show.” Axios. October 15, 2019. ios.com/machine-learning-cant-flag-false-news-55aeb82e-bcbb-4d5c-bfda-1af84c77003b.html. Allsop, Jon. "After 10,000 'false or misleading claims,' are we any better at calling out Trump's lies?" Columbia Journalism Review. April 30, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/trump_fact- check_washington_post.php. Allsop, Jon. “Our polluted information ecosystem.” Columbia Journalism Review. December 11, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cjr_disinformation_conference.php. Amazeen, Michelle A. -
Identifying and Countering FAKE NEWS Mark Verstraete1, Derek E
Identifying and Countering FAKE NEWS Mark Verstraete1, Derek E. Bambauer2, & Jane R. Bambauer3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fake news has become a controversial, highly contested issue recently. But in the public discourse, “fake news” is often used to refer to several different phenomena. The lack of clarity around what exactly fake news is makes understanding the social harms that it creates and crafting solutions to these harms difficult. This report adds clarity to these discussions by identifying several distinct types of fake news: hoax, propaganda, trolling, and satire. In classifying these different types of fake news, it identifies distinct features of each type of fake news that can be targeted by regulation to shift their production and dissemination. This report introduces a visual matrix to organize different types of fake news and show the ways in which they are related and distinct. The two defining features of different types of fake news are 1) whether the author intends to deceive readers and 2) whether the motivation for creating fake news is financial. These distinctions are a useful first step towards crafting solutions that can target the pernicious forms of fake news (hoaxes and propaganda) without chilling the production of socially valuable satire. The report emphasizes that rigid distinctions between types of fake news may be unworkable. Many authors produce fake news stories while holding different intentions and motivations simultaneously. This creates definitional grey areas. For instance, a fake news author can create a story as a response to both financial and political motives. Given 1 Fellow in Privacy and Free Speech, University of Arizona, James E. -
Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017)
ST ANFORD Fake News & Misinformation Policy Practicum 2017 PRACTICUM RESEARCFacebookH TEAM: Research Team Jacob Finkel, JD ’19, Steven Jiang,Mufan BS ’17, Luo, PhD ‘22 Mufan Luo, PhD ’22, Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ’19, Danaë Metaxa-Kakavouli, PhD ’20Camille, Peeples, JD ‘18 Camille Peeples, JD ’18, BrendanArjun Sasso, Shenoy,JD ’19, JD ‘19 Arjun Shenoy, JD ’19, Vincent Sheu, JD/MS ’18 , Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ’17 Google Research Team INSTRUCTOR AND PROJECTDanaë LEAD MetaxaS: -Kakavouli, PhD ‘20 Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ‘17 SENATOR RUSS FEINGOLD Edwin A. Heafey, Jr., Visiting Professor of Law Luciana Herman, Ph.D. Twitter Research Team Lecturer in Law Program Director, Law and Policy LabJacob Finkel, JD ‘19 Steven Jiang, BS ‘17 Ashwin Aravind, JD ‘18 Teaching Assistant Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ‘19 Katie Joseff, MA ‘19 Research Assistant Reddit Research Team October POLICY CLIENT: Brendan Sasso, JD ‘19 Hewlett Foundation MadisonVincent Initiative Sheu, JD/MS ’18 2017 1 Acknowledgements This report reflects the research and analysis of an inter-disciplinary law and graduate student team enrolled in the Stanford Law School Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017). Under the guidance of instructor Senator Russ Feingold, the Edwin A. Heafey Visiting Professor of Law, the practicum surveyed the roles of four major online platforms in the spread of fake news beginning with the 2016 U.S. election. Assisting Senator Feingold in the practicum were Policy Lab Program Director and Lecturer Luciana Herman, Ph.D., and Teaching Assistant Ashwin Aravind, J.D. ’18. Brendan Sasso, J.D. ’19, served as the exceptional lead student editor for the report. -
National Security Case Studies Special
National Security Case Studies Special Case-Management Challenges Robert Timothy Reagan Federal Judicial Center June 25, 2013 This Federal Judicial Center publication was undertaken in furtherance of the Center’s statutory mission to develop and conduct research and education programs for the judicial branch. While the Center regards the content as responsible and valuable, it does not reflect policy or recommendations of the Board of the Federal Judicial Center. Contents Table of Challenges .......................................................................................................... xi Table of Judges ............................................................................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 TERRORISM PROSECUTIONS ..................................................................................... 3 First World Trade Center Bombing United States v. Salameh (Kevin Thomas Duffy) and United States v. Abdel Rahman (Michael B. Mukasey) (S.D.N.Y.) ....................................................................... 5 Challenge: Interpreters ............................................................................................. 24 Challenge: Court Security ......................................................................................... 24 Challenge: Pro Se Defendants ................................................................................. 24 Challenge: Jury -
THE FIRST FORTY YEARS INTRODUCTION by Susan Stamberg
THE FIRST FORTY YEARS INTRODUCTION by Susan Stamberg Shiny little platters. Not even five inches across. How could they possibly contain the soundtrack of four decades? How could the phone calls, the encounters, the danger, the desperation, the exhilaration and big, big laughs from two score years be compressed onto a handful of CDs? If you’ve lived with NPR, as so many of us have for so many years, you’ll be astonished at how many of these reports and conversations and reveries you remember—or how many come back to you (like familiar songs) after hearing just a few seconds of sound. And you’ll be amazed by how much you’ve missed—loyal as you are, you were too busy that day, or too distracted, or out of town, or giving birth (guess that falls under the “too distracted” category). Many of you have integrated NPR into your daily lives; you feel personally connected with it. NPR has gotten you through some fairly dramatic moments. Not just important historical events, but personal moments as well. I’ve been told that a woman’s terror during a CAT scan was tamed by the voice of Ira Flatow on Science Friday being piped into the dreaded scanner tube. So much of life is here. War, from the horrors of Vietnam to the brutalities that evanescent medium—they came to life, then disappeared. Now, of Iraq. Politics, from the intrigue of Watergate to the drama of the Anita on these CDs, all the extraordinary people and places and sounds Hill-Clarence Thomas controversy. -
Fake News: Potential Solutions to the Online Epidemic Lee K
NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 96 | Number 1 Article 7 12-1-2017 Fake News: Potential Solutions to the Online Epidemic Lee K. Royster Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lee K. Royster, Fake News: Potential Solutions to the Online Epidemic, 96 N.C. L. Rev. 270 (2017). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol96/iss1/7 This Recent Developments is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 96 N.C. L. REV 270 (2017) FAKE NEWS: POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO THE ONLINE EPIDEMIC* On December 4, 2016, police arrested Edgar Maddison Welch for assault with a dangerous weapon at Comet Ping Pong pizzeria in Washington, D.C.1 At some point before that day, Welch came across a story, transmitted online through 4chan, Reddit, and Twitter, along with other websites,2 stating that Hillary and Bill Clinton used Comet Ping Pong as a “front for a pedophile sex ring; the back room was supposedly used for kidnapping and trafficking children.”3 Welch accepted this story as true and decided he had to put a stop to it.4 He grabbed his assault rifle and drove 360 miles from his home in Salisbury, North Carolina to Comet Ping Pong in Washington, D.C,5 operated by the Clinton’s “co-conspirators,” to end the supposed scheme himself.6 He entered the store with family patrons present, walked up to the counter, and pointed his assault rifle directly at the cashier’s face.7 No one was injured, and Welch was apprehended and arrested by Washington police outside the restaurant soon after the incident.8 This “Pizzagate” conspiracy started when James Alefantis, Comet Ping Pong’s owner, was mentioned in an email sent from Hillary Clinton’s campaign manager because he was considering organizing a fundraiser for Clinton’s presidential campaign.9 * © 2017 Lee K. -
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Contemporary Canadian military/media relations: Embedded reporting during the Afghanistan War by Sherry Marie Wasilow Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Carleton, University Ottawa, ON 2017 © 2017 Sherry M. Wasilow ABSTRACT News reporters have been sporadically attached to military units as far back as the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, but the U.S. implemented the first official and large-scale embedded program in 2003 during the Iraq War. The Canadian Forces Media Embedding Program (CFMEP) was officially implemented in 2006 during the Afghanistan War. While considerable research has been carried out on the U.S. and British embed programs and their impact on media coverage, there has been very little academic study of Canada’s CFMEP, or its impact on media coverage of the Afghanistan War. This work seeks to investigate Canadian military/media relations throughout a period of roughly 10 years during Canada’s mission in Afghanistan. In doing so, it will examine how official procedures governing media coverage – particularly embedding policy – gave shape to the war reporting received by Canadians. First, within the broader subject area of military/media relations, this study establishes the origins of embedded reporting, and Canada’s reasons for becoming involved in the Afghanistan War. Second, it weaves together academic, official (both military and government), and journalist perspectives regarding the practice and effects of embedded reporting on Canadian war reporting during the Afghanistan mission. Third, it analyzes coverage by four major media organizations of Canada’s participation in the Afghanistan War during a 10-year period: from its initial military contributions in 2001 through to the end of troop deployment in 2011. -
The Long Weekend: Exclusion, Intrusion, Trolls, and Punks
The Long Weekend: Exclusion, Intrusion, Trolls, and Punks BENJAMIN HARBERT Abstract This essay describes the indie punk scene in Washington, DC, in the days approaching and immediately after the Women’s March 2017. The scene became a cultural target of the right, as musicians were threatened by online trolls from 4chan and other rightwing message boards, culminating in the “Pizzagate”-inspired attack on the venue, Comet Ping Pong. Musicians staged a series of concerts and performances around the march, helping to dispel the sense of threat through intersectional political congregation as well as maintaining a longer steady protest locally. In this article, I will describe the local lead-up to the weekend of the Women’s March, including a protest concert the night before and an after-party the night of the march. The narrative draws out the growing sense of threat to musicians as online trolls from right-wing message boards became active. Then, the narrative continues to detail the ways in which the two events at the rock venues dispelled the fear through intersectional political congregation. I hope that this article offers insight on how eclectic urban musics that embolden the left can also provide cultural targets for the right. I am writing not only as a music scholar, but also as a resident of the nation’s capital embedded in a music scene and economic bracket and as a US citizen making sense of socio-political shifts. This article allows for this blur, eschewing the detached writing of scholarship and provocative agit-prop of activism. I write as a concerned local interlocutor who is fluent, at least, in speaking of music’s role in social change. -
Fake News and the Systemic Lie in the Marketplace of Ideas: a Judicial Problem?
FAKE NEWS AND THE SYSTEMIC LIE IN THE MARKETPLACE OF IDEAS: A JUDICIAL PROBLEM? ARTICLE JUAN CARLOS ESCUDERO DE JESÚS* “Only where a community has embarked upon organized lying in prin- ciple, and not only with respect to par- ticulars, can truthfulness as such, un- supported by the distorting forces of power and interest, become a political factor of the first order.”1 - Hannah Arendt Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1394 I. A Brief History of Fake News .......................................................................... 1396 II. Truth, Individual Autonomy and the Marketplace of Ideas ......................... 1401 A. Falsity in the Marketplace of Ideas ........................................................... 1403 III. Theoretical Assumptions and Incongruences: Marketplace Theory and Fake News .................................................................................................. 1405 A. Error vs. Deliberate Lie: Falsity in Context .............................................. 1405 B. The Eco-Chamber Phenomenon and the Fragmentation of the Marketplace of Ideas .................................................................................. 1406 C. The Ideal Rational Citizen and Today’s News Reader ............................ 1407 IV. The Collapse of Truth in the Marketplace and its Judicial Consequences ................................................................................................... 1409 V. Governmental