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International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

ISSN: 2319-9490 RESEARCH ARTICLE

A SURVEY OF EXTANT TRADITIONAL INDIGENOUS IN TAMILNADU

Murugan, G., and Dr. *Vinod Kumar, G.

Dept. of Physical Education and Sports, Pondicherry University, Puducherry,

Received 25th December, 2017; Accepted 10th January, 2018; Published Online 28th February, 2018

ABSTRACT

Traditional sports and games cultivate local and regional customs strengthen the sense of national belongings. Locally or regionally rooted traditional games encourage exchange between district and regions and preserve a sense of cultural identity by providing marks of roots and reference. In this paper the author overview the extant traditional sports and games spread in the rural and urban places. The author brings out the procedure of play (rules and regulation) with scoring methods, type of games, and purpose of play of traditional indigenous games. All most the data were collected from the rural and urban people of 32 districts in Tamil Nadu, India. The researcher was divided into five regions of Tamil Nadu and the data collected from people who are played and come across in their lifestyle of traditional games. The methods used for collecting data by through interview, photos and live play demo. Totally 62 extant traditional sports are evaluated from the Tamil Nadu state, India. And found that, traditional sports and games played in the different regions in Tamil Nadu. This study concluded that, the traditional sports almost playing in the all over Tamil Nadu, it carries moral value and cultural heritage and develops the integrity among the people.

Key words: Traditional Sports and Games (TSG), Extant, Cultural, Heritage and Integrity.

Copyright © 2018, Murugan and Vinod Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Citation: Murugan, G., and Dr. Vinod Kumar, G. 2018. “A survay of extant traditional indigenous sports in Tamilnadu” International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, 7, (02), 934-939.

INTRODUCTION In ancient Tamil Nadu, women in houses would play many indoor games in their leisure time. They played very Traditional sports and games are a part of heritage and a interesting games like Pallankuzhi (பலாழி), symbol of the cultural diversity of our societies. They are also paramapatham (பரமபத), Thayakatai (தாயகைட), an efficient means that to convey values of commonness, Thattankal ( ), Cittukattuvilaiyattu ( diversity, inclusiveness and cultural awareness. Traditional தடாக சீக sports and games will kind the backbone of a community, and வைளயா) etc. and these games are also played now in Tamil Nadu is driven to protect and promote these sports to rural areas and villages in Tamil Nadu. any community spirit, bring peoples along and install a way of pride in a society’s cultural roots. Some sports have a strong Objectives of the Study: The objective of the study is to connection to a specific village since they enable us to explain analyses the contents and features of the extant traditional some facet of their culture. Traditional sports refer to special sports in Tamil Nadu and in terms of historical origin, present cultural forms that come back from the history of the human situation and developing prospect. Moreover, the author points beings, created or to be created. They will mirror the out the interactive development of traditional sports and also common psychologyof a nation and are seen in the everyday find out the relationship or interpretation of traditional sports. life. On this basis it's instructed that nowadays when the global The main aim of this research is to bring out the extant integration course is fast, to reform and to hold forward the traditional sports played in this region. This study may help to traditional as well as to enrich and develop the know about the cultural heritage of this traditional sports and modern sports treasury of the world are the inexorable trend games and it’s important in this society. of the development of the traditional sport. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extant Traditional Sports

Extanttraditional sports are playing in the rural and urban areas The data and information on traditional sports and games were for fun and recreation activities. collected by through direct interview to the people in and around the rural area of various part of the Tamil Nadu, *Corresponding author: Vinod Kumar, G., especially the author covered almost all parts of the regions in Department of Physical Education and Sports, Pondicherry Tamil Nadu. University, Puducherry, India. 935 International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

Five regions of divided districts of Tamil Nadu are as follows

North districts South districts East districts West districts Centre districts 1. Dharmapuri 1. Dindigul 1. Thiruvarur 1. 1. Namakkal 2. Tiruvannamalai 2. 2. Nagapattinam 2. Erode 2. Perambalur 3. Vellore 3. Theni 3. Cuddalore 3. Nilgiris 3. Ariyalur 4. Krishnagiri 4. Sivagangai 4. Villupuram 4. 4. 5. Viruthunagar 5. Kanchipuram 5. Salem 5. Karur 6. Ramanathapuram 6. 6. Thanjavur 7. Thoothukkudi 7. Thiruvallur 7. Pudukkottai 8. Thirunelveli 9. Kanniyakumari

56 Extent traditional games were played in the all district of Tamil Nadu are as follows Eripanthu Vilaiyattu S. No GAME NAMES PHOTOS ( Kottippul or Kittippullu or 8. எறிப Pillittantu Vilaiyattu வைளயா) ( ேகா 1. அலகி அல பலிதா Sakku Ottam வைளயா) 9. (சாஒட)

Sadugudu or Vilaiyattu 2. Pacchakuthirai or (ச அல கப Manikaviyam Vilaiyattu ) வைளயா (பசதிைர அல 10. மணகாவய வைளயா)

Pamparam Vilaiyattu 3. (பபர வைளயா) Odi Pititthal 11. (ஒபத)

KoliKuntu Vilaiyattu ( Olinthu Pititthal or Tappa 4. ேகாலி Vilaiyattu வைளயா) (ஒளபத 12. அல டபா வைளயா)

Kannamucchu Vilaiyattu 5. (கணா Kanpotthi Vilaiyattu ) ( வைளயா 13. கெபாதி வைளயா)

Kicchu, Kicchu Thampalam Vilaiyattu Kankatti Thuratthum ( , Vilaiyattu 6. கி கி தாபழ (கக ற வைளயா) 14. வைளயா)

Kulai Kulaiyay Ucinool kortthal or Munthirikkay or Thiri ucinoolkortthu ottam Thiripantam Vilaiyattu (ஊசி (ைல ைலயா 7. 15. ேகாதஅல திகா ஊசிேகா அல தி ஒட) திபத வைளயா)

936 International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

Thattankal Vilaiyattu Thannirilathika neram (தடாக muzhgiirutthal 16. ( வைளயா) 26. தண அதிகேநர கி

) இத

Nonti Vilaiyattu ( Thanniril Sitthu Sappa ெநா Vilaiyattu 17. ) வைளயா 27. ( தண சீசப வைளயா)

Silambam Vilaiyattu Uriyatitthal or Kankatti (சிலப Paanai Utaitthal 18. ) வைளயா ( 28. உயதஅல

ககபாைன ) உைடத

AduPuli Attam 19. (ஆலி ஆட) Thavalai Ottam ( ) 29. தவைள ஒட

Ottam Isainaarkali vilaiyattu 20. (ஓட) (இைசநா காலி 30. வைளயா)

Thayakkattai Vilaiyattu 21. (தாயகைட Pattil Thannir Nirapputhal ) வைளயா (பா தண ா் 31. நிரத)

Kilitthattu or Thattukaraiyan Vilaiyattu 22. (கிளத அல தகைரயா Viraivu cycle pootti ) ( வைளயா வைரைசகி 32. ேபா)

Pallankuzhi vilaiyattu 23. (பலாழி வைளயா) Sulocycle Pootti

(ேலாைசகி Paramapatham or Pampum 33. ேபா) – EaniyumVilaiyattu ( 24. பரமபத அல பா – ஏண ) வைளயா Kayiru Ilutthal or Vatam Seettu Kattu Vilaiyattu Ilutthal Vilaiyattu ( ( சீக கய இத 34. ) வைளயா 25. அல வட

இத வைளயா)

937 International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

Kusthi Vilaiyattu Spoonla elumichampalam (தி வைளயா) vaitthu otuthal 44. 35. (ல எமிச ) பழ ைவ ஒத

EluKal Vaitthu Vilaiyatuthal 45. (ஏகைவ Jallikkattu ) 36. வைளயாத

(ஜலிக)

Number Solli Vilaiyatuthal (நபா் ெசாலி Lucky karnar vilaiyattu 46. வைளயாத) (லகி கானா் 37. வைளயா)

Kho – Kho Vilaiyattu Malkhambu 47. ( – (மாக) 38. ேகா ேகா வைளயா)

Kummiyatitthal 39. ( ) மியத Kotimaram eruthal 48. ( ) ெகாமர ஏத

Kolap pootti 40. (ேகால ேபா)

Kai Santai 49.

(ைகசைட)

Balloon odaitthal ( ) 41. ப ஒைடத Val Santai 50. (வாசைட)

Mattu Vandi Pootti Skipik Vilaiyattu ( ) ( 42. மாவ ேபா 51. கிப ) வைளயா

Malyuttham or Mallu Ken Vilaiyattu Vilaiyattu ( 43. 52. ேககிெக (மத அல வைளயா) ம வைளயா)

938 International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

quality of life and contribute to the belief of dreams and aspirations. Not restricted to assist, the idea involves formal Book cricket Vilaiyattu and informal activities for developing others in roles like ( 53. கிெக teacher, guide, counselor, manager, life coach or mentor. ) வைளயா Extant Traditional Sports and Cultural Development

Sport and sporting behavior have advanced links to the Kalla – Manna Vilaiyattu lifestyles of people and to personal dispositions concerning 54. (கலா – மணா participation and consumption of sports. Traditional Indian வைளயா) culture is outlined by a comparatively strict social hierarchy. He also mentions that from an early age, children are reminded of their roles and places in society. Traditional Sports and Thanniril neechal pootti Games as a vehicle for the world’s unity, integration, cultural diversity, peace and physical activity. Tamil culture is that the 55. (தண culture of the Tamil people. Tamil culture is rooted within the நசேபா) arts and ways in which of lifetime of in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Singapore and across the world. Tamil culture is expressed in language, literature, music, dance, folk Nonti Atitthu Ottam arts, , painting, sculpture, design, sports, media, 56. (ெநா அ comedy, cuisine, costumes, celebrations, philosophy, religions, ஒட) traditions, rituals, organizations, science, and technology.

Conclusion

The author divided the 32 districts from Tamil Nadu into five  56 traditional games were found as extant traditional regions that is North region, South region, East region, West sports and games in 32 districts of Tamil Nadu. region, and Center region. These regions are divided on the  After the analysis of the data it was found that, all most basis of geographical map structure in Tamil Nadu. The list of the people agree that traditional games, recreation and 32 district (divided regions) in Tamil Nadu are given in the leisure sports have a rich culture and heritage value to below table. preserve; they are important for passing on ancestral knowledge to the new generation; they sharpened Procedure of collection of data observational and mathematical skills; and they develop logical thinking. The investigator went to all 32 districts and covered at least 10  The result from the people stated that, these traditional rural and urban places in a district for collecting the data. The games give more fun and joy than other competitive main procedure of the data through using interview method games; they are suitable for all ages, so they increase and taken photos and videos. The complete playing procedure the interaction between generations; they are most from start to finish of the game, rules and regulations with suitable for girls to enhance their overall personality. scoring method of traditional games are collected. The all  All people support that, traditional games, improve information was recorded. creativity of youngsters; they improve conflict management, team building and understanding group List of Extant Traditional Sports in Tamil Nadu dynamics; and they are more useful than modern games in developing children’s skills. Totally 62 extant traditional sports are played in Tamil  The people agree that, this traditional game produce Nadu.The particularly south districts 4 games and west integrity among the people, all the children and adult districts 2 games other 56 games playing the extant traditional play in a street joined with all religious and all caste sports in through Tamil Nadu. The list of extant traditional people together, it may result that, it proof the integrity sports in Tamil Nadu are as follows and unit among the people.  The traditional games develop the social culture and 56 Extent traditional games were played in the all district heritage among the people. of Tamil Nadu are as follows  The traditional games plying in the different categories, such as some games plying in the seasonal, some are in Extant Traditional Sports and Personal development the religious function, some are in the celebrations, some are in the all years. Improving self-awareness, Improving self-knowledge,  The traditional games and sports with its varieties of improving skills or learning new ones, Developing strengths or plying throughout the Tamil Nadu develop physical, talents, Improving wealth, Enhancing manner or the standard mental, social conditions and spiritual faith of mankind. of life, Improving health, fulfilling aspirations, Initiating a life  Traditional games and sports may be of different kinds enterprise or personal autonomy, Defining and executing but these are for personal, peace, community, human personal development plans. The personality is that the typical resource, learning and understanding, uniting force pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaviors that create someone development. Overall these traditional games are for distinctive. Personal development covers activities that fun, wellness, fitness and social integrity. improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance 939 International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 02, pp.934-939, February, 2018

Recommendation http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp- tamilnadu/bringing-back-to-life-the-vanishing-games-of-  All most all Tamil Nadu rural and urban people support tamil-nadu/article4008195.ece that more efforts should be taken to promote and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India preserve traditional game. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development  Print media and electronic media should give exclusive https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-of-the-indigenous-pre- more coverage to traditional games. colonial-sports-of-India  Competitions focusing traditional games should be International Journal of Health, Physical Education and organized to prevent and popularize traditional games. Computer Science in Sports, Vol.15, No.1, July-Sep.2014.  The modern generation should take efforts and pain to Iraa. Paalasuppiramaniyam, ThamilarNaattuVilaiyaattukal, transfer the traditional games to its new generation. Ulaka Thamilaaraaychi Niruvana Veliyeedu, 1980.  I strongly recommend that, the young and aged people Molinayiru Na. Tevaneyappavanar Tamilnattuvilaiyattukal, should be teach and organize the traditional games to 2000. this new generation. Njaa. Thevaneya Paavaanar, Tamilnaattu Vilaiyaattukkal,  Govt. of Tamil Nadu and Govt. of India should Saiva Sithaantha Nurpathippu Kalakam Veliyeedu, 1954. Proceeding of Traditional Sports and Modern Sports for the encourage setting-up organization or provide assistance th to maintain and promote traditional games. Development of Global Human Resource in the 24 Pan Asian International Conference, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B, and India Feb.2014. REFERENCES

DaakdarA.Pichai, Thamilar Panpaattil Vilaiyaattukal, Ulaka Thilaaraaychi Niruvanar Veliyeedu, 1983.

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