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An Integrated Ecological-Economic Model for Biological Pest Control
1 An Integrated Ecological-Economic model for biological pest control 2 Daniels Silvie 1, Witters Nele 1 , Beliën Tim 2 , Vrancken Kristof 2, Vangronsveld Jaco 1, Van Passel 3 Steven 1 4 1 Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, (BE) 2 Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Sint-Truiden, 5 (BE) 6 7 1. Introduction 8 9 1.1 The need for objective monetary valuation of biodiversity losses 10 11 Biodiversity plays a key role in ecological processes and the delivery of ecosystem services, and its 12 importance has been widely recognized (MA, 2005). In spite global actions, biodiversity is declining at 13 an alarming rate (Butchart et al., 2012). In many cases, policy measures to safeguard biodiversity and 14 resource developments are mutually exclusive and hence biodiversity conservation implies the 15 decision to bear opportunity costs (Bennett et al., 2003). Being confronted with budget constraints, 16 policy makers need to justify decision-making by supporting evidence of biodiversity benefits 17 outweighing the opportunity costs incurred. 18 19 In 2001, the EU adopted the Biodiversity Action Plan, which aims at integrating environmental 20 requirements into a market policy. In its mid-term assessment, the Commission confirmed the need for 21 major action to stop the loss of biodiversity and acknowledged the need to strengthen independent 22 scientific advice to global policy making (EC, 2008). But in spite the need for objectively comparable 23 monetary standards to include biodiversity arguments in policymaking, the empirical literature 24 investigating the relationship between species diversity and it’s valuation from a farmers perspective is 25 still scarce (Finger, 2015). -
Súčasný Stav Poznania Bzdôch (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Na Poľskej a Slovenskej Strane Pohoria Pienin
Pieniny – Przyroda i Człowiek 15: 65–82 (2018) Súčasný stav poznania bzdôch (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) na poľskej a slovenskej strane pohoria Pienin Present knowledge of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the Polish and Slovak sides of the Pieniny Mts. Vladimír Hemala Ústav botaniky a zoologie, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Česká republika; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. True bugs are relatively poorly known in the Pieniny Mts., while, significantly better situation is in the Polish part of the mountains where 263 species have been known until now. Unfortunately, only 34 species had been recorded from the Slovak part of the Pieniny Mts. until 2017. During the last short survey in 2017, which took place within XLI. East Slovak Camp of Environmentalists, 54 previously unrecorded species were examined increasing the number of species known from the Slovak part of Pieniny Mts. to 88. The total number of species in Polish and Slovak parts of the Pieniny Mts. reaches as many as 272. Key words: Heteroptera, Poland, Slovakia, Carpathians, Pieniny Mts., faunistics ÚVOD 2000; Hoberlandt 1977; Biesiadka 1979; Bazyluk, Liana 1982; Lis 1988, 1989a, b, 1990a, b; Gor- Pohorie Pienin je súčasťou Západných Karpát czyca 1991, 1992, 2004, 2007; Skórka 1995; Lis a leží na slovensko-poľskom pomedzí. Väčšina 1996, 2001; Stroiński 2001; Gorczyca, Chłond územia pohoria patrí do pôsobnosti dvoch národ- 2005; Lis, Lis 2009; Gorczyca, Wolski 2011; Lis ných parkov: Pieninský národný park (PIENAP) et al. 2012; Hebda, Ścibior 2013, 2016; Doma- na slovenskej strane a Pieniński Park Narodowy gała, Ziaja 2016; Taszakowski, Gierlasiński 2017; (PPN) na poľskej strane. -
Ecology of the Acalypta Species Occurring in Hungary (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingidae) Data to the Knowledge on the Ground-Living Heteroptera of Hungary, № 3
Rédei et al.: Ground-living Heteroptera of Hungary, № 3. - 73 - ECOLOGY OF THE ACALYPTA SPECIES OCCURRING IN HUNGARY (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA: TINGIDAE) DATA TO THE KNOWLEDGE ON THE GROUND-LIVING HETEROPTERA OF HUNGARY, № 3. D. RÉDEI1,* – B. HARMAT2 – L. HUFNAGEL3 *e-mail: [email protected] 1 Department of Entomology, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 44, Hungary (*phone / fax: +36-1-372-0125) 2 Natural History Museum of Bakony Mountains, H-8420 Zirc, Rákóczi tér 1., Hungary 3 Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Villányi út 29–33, Hungary (Received 4th August 2004; accepted 22nd October 2004) Abstract. As a third part of a series of papers on the ground-living true bugs of Hungary, the species belonging to the lace bug genus Acalypta Westwood, 1840 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingidae) were studied. Extensive materials collected with Berlese funnels during about 20 years all over Hungary were identified. Based on these sporadic data of many years, faunistic notes are given on some Hungarian species. The seasonal occurrence of the species are discussed. The numbers of specimens of different Acalypta species collected in diverse plant communities are compared with multivariate methods. Materials collected with pitfall traps between 1979–1982 at Bugac, Kiskunság National Park were also processed. In this area, only A. marginata and A. gracilis occurred, both in great number. The temporal changes of the populations are discussed. Significant differences could be observed between the microhabitat distribution of the two species: both species occurred in very low number in traps placed out in patches colonized by dune-slack purple moorgrass meadow; Acalypta gracilis preferred distinctly the Pannonic dune open grassland patches; A. -
Insecta Zeitschrift Für Entomologie Und Naturschutz
Insecta Zeitschrift für Entomologie und Naturschutz Heft 9/2004 Insecta Bundesfachausschuss Entomologie Zeitschrift für Entomologie und Naturschutz Heft 9/2004 Impressum © 2005 NABU – Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. Herausgeber: NABU-Bundesfachausschuss Entomologie Schriftleiter: Dr. JÜRGEN DECKERT Museum für Naturkunde der Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Systematische Zoologie Invalidenstraße 43 10115 Berlin E-Mail: [email protected] Redaktion: Dr. JÜRGEN DECKERT, Berlin Dr. REINHARD GAEDIKE, Eberswalde JOACHIM SCHULZE, Berlin Verlag: NABU Postanschrift: NABU, 53223 Bonn Telefon: 0228.40 36-0 Telefax: 0228.40 36-200 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.NABU.de Titelbild: Die Kastanienminiermotte Cameraria ohridella (Foto: J. DECKERT) siehe Beitrag ab Seite 9. Gesamtherstellung: Satz- und Druckprojekte TEXTART Verlag, ERIK PIECK, Postfach 42 03 11, 42403 Solingen; Wolfsfeld 12, 42659 Solingen, Telefon 0212.43343 E-Mail: [email protected] Insecta erscheint in etwa jährlichen Abständen ISSN 1431-9721 Insecta, Heft 9, 2004 Inhalt Vorwort . .5 SCHULZE, W. „Nachbar Natur – Insekten im Siedlungsbereich des Menschen“ Workshop des BFA Entomologie in Greifswald (11.-13. April 2003) . .7 HOFFMANN, H.-J. Insekten als Neozoen in der Stadt . .9 FLÜGEL, H.-J. Bienen in der Großstadt . .21 SPRICK, P. Zum vermeintlichen Nutzen von Insektenkillerlampen . .27 MARTSCHEI, T. Wanzen (Heteroptera) als Indikatoren des Lebensraumtyps Trockenheide in unterschiedlichen Altersphasen am Beispiel der „Retzower Heide“ (Brandenburg) . .35 MARTSCHEI, T., Checkliste der bis jetzt bekannten Wanzenarten H. D. ENGELMANN Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns . .49 DECKERT, J. Zum Vorkommen von Oxycareninae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in Berlin und Brandenburg . .67 LEHMANN, U. Die Bedeutung alter Funddaten für die aktuelle Naturschutzpraxis, insbesondere für das FFH-Monitoring . -
New Evidence for the Presence of the Telomere Motif (TTAGG)N in the Family Reduviidae and Its Absence in the Families Nabidae
COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogen 13(3): 283–295 (2019)Telomere motif (TTAGG ) in Cimicomorpha 283 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i3.36676 RESEARCH ARTICLEn Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics New evidence for the presence of the telomere motif (TTAGG) n in the family Reduviidae and its absence in the families Nabidae and Miridae (Hemiptera, Cimicomorpha) Snejana Grozeva1, Boris A. Anokhin2, Nikolay Simov3, Valentina G. Kuznetsova2 1 Cytotaxonomy and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel, Bulgaria2 Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Universitetskaya nab., 1, Russia 3 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel, Bulgaria Corresponding author: Snejana Grozeva ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. José Bressa | Received 31 May 2019 | Accepted 29 August 2019 | Published 20 September 2019 http://zoobank.org/9305DF0F-0D1D-44FE-B72F-FD235ADE796C Citation: Grozeva S, Anokhin BA, Simov N, Kuznetsova VG (2019) New evidence for the presence of the telomere motif (TTAGG)n in the family Reduviidae and its absence in the families Nabidae and Miridae (Hemiptera, Cimicomorpha). Comparative Cytogenetics 13(3): 283–295. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i3.36676 Abstract Male karyotype and meiosis in four true bug species belonging to the families Reduviidae, Nabidae, and Miridae (Cimicomorpha) were studied for the first time using Giemsa staining and FISH with 18S ribo- somal DNA and telomeric (TTAGG)n probes. We found that Rhynocoris punctiventris (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) and R. -
Crossness Sewage Treatment Works Nature Reserve & Southern Marsh Aquatic Invertebrate Survey
Commissioned by Thames Water Utilities Limited Clearwater Court Vastern Road Reading RG1 8DB CROSSNESS SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS NATURE RESERVE & SOUTHERN MARSH AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY Report number: CPA18054 JULY 2019 Prepared by Colin Plant Associates (UK) Consultant Entomologists 30a Alexandra Rd London N8 0PP 1 1 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY 1.1 Introduction and background 1.1.1 On 30th May 2018 Colin Plant Associates (UK) were commissioned by Biodiversity Team Manager, Karen Sutton on behalf of Thames Water Utilities Ltd. to undertake aquatic invertebrate sampling at Crossness Sewage Treatment Works on Erith Marshes, Kent. This survey was to mirror the locations and methodology of a previous survey undertaken during autumn 2016 and spring 2017. Colin Plant Associates also undertook the aquatic invertebrate sampling of this previous survey. 1.1.2 The 2016-17 aquatic survey was commissioned with the primary objective of establishing a baseline aquatic invertebrate species inventory and to determine the quality of the aquatic habitats present across both the Nature Reserve and Southern Marsh areas of the Crossness Sewage Treatment Works. The surveyors were asked to sample at twenty-four, pre-selected sample station locations, twelve in each area. Aquatic Coleoptera and Heteroptera (beetles and true bugs) were selected as target groups. A report of the previous survey was submitted in Sept 2017 (Plant 2017). 1.1.3 During December 2017 a large-scale pollution event took place and untreated sewage escaped into a section of the Crossness Nature Reserve. The primary point of egress was Nature Reserve Sample Station 1 (NR1) though because of the connectivity of much of the waterbody network on the marsh other areas were affected. -
TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS 2012-2016 BIOBLITZ VASHON ISLAND List Compiled By: Harsi Parker
COMPLETE LIST OF TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS 2012-2016 BIOBLITZ VASHON ISLAND List compiled by: Harsi Parker Number Species name Common name Notes Year Location Taxonomic Order 1 Gammaridae sp. scud 2016 J Amphipoda – Gammaridae 2 Hyalella sp. amphipod 2014, 2016 CH, J Amphipoda – Hyalellidae 3 Acari sp. #1 mite 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 NP, SH, M, J Arachnida 4 Acari sp. #2 mite 2014 CH Arachnida 5 Opiliones sp. harvestman 2013, 2015 SH, M Arachnida 6 Callobius sp. hacklemesh weaver 2012 NP Arachnida – Amaurobiidae 7 Araneidae sp. orb weaver 2016 J Arachnida – Araneidae 8 Araneus diadematus Cross Orbweaver 2012, 2014 NP, CH Arachnida – Araneidae 9 Clubiona sp. leafcurling sac spider 2012 NP Arachnida – Clubionidae 10 Linyphiinae sp. sheetweb spider tentative ID 2012 NP Arachnida – Linyphiidae 11 Neriene sp. sheetweb spider tentative ID 2014 CH Arachnida – Linyphiidae 12 Pardosa sp. thinlegged wolf spider 2012 NP Arachnida – Lycosidae 13 Philodromus dispar running crab spider 2012 NP Arachnida – Philodromidae 14 Tibellus sp. slender crab spider tentative ID 2014 CH Arachnida – Philodromidae 15 Eris militaris Bronze Jumper tentative ID 2014 CH Arachnida – Salticidae 16 Metaphidippus manni jumping spider tentative ID 2014, 2016 CH, J Arachnida – Salticidae 17 Salticidae sp. #1 jumping spider 2014 CH Arachnida – Salticidae 18 Salticidae sp. #2 jumping spider 2015 M Arachnida – Salticidae 19 Salticus scenicus Zebra Jumper 2013, 2014, 2015 SH, CH, M Arachnida – Salticidae 20 Metellina sp. long-jawed orb weaver 2012 NP Arachnida – Tetragnathidae 21 Tetragnatha sp. long-jawed orb weaver 2013 SH Arachnida – Tetragnathidae 22 Theridiidae sp. cobweb spider 2012 NP Arachnida – Theridiidae 23 Misumena vatia Goldenrod Crab Spider 2013, 2016 SH, J Arachnida – Thomisidae 24 Thomisidae sp. -
Heuschrecken & Wanzen
NP Gesäuse, Sulzkaralm – Heuschrecken & Wanzen – Zoologische Kartierung Sulzkaralm, NP Gesäuse – Fachbereich Insekten – Heuschrecken & Wanzen [Inventarisierung und Pflegemanagement] Endbericht, März 2005 – 1 – NP Gesäuse, Sulzkaralm – Heuschrecken & Wanzen – Zoologische Kartierung Sulzkaralm, NP Gesäuse – Fachbereich Insekten – Heuschrecken & Wanzen [Inventarisierung und Pflegemanagement] Endbericht, März 2005 AUFTRAGGEBER: Nationalpark Gesäuse GmbH Weng im Gesäuse 2 A-8913 Weng im Gesäuse AUFTRAGNEHMER: Institut für Naturschutz, Steiermark Heinrichstraße 5/III A-8010 Graz BEARBEITER: Dr. Thomas Frieß Georg Derbuch KONTAKT: T. Frieß Tel: 0650/2362275 E-Mail: thomas.Frieß@gmx.at – 2 – NP Gesäuse, Sulzkaralm – Heuschrecken & Wanzen Inhalt 1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 4 2 ALLGEMEINES UND METHODIK 6 2.1 Einleitung und Zielformulierung 6 2.2 Projektgebiet und Probeflächen 8 2.3 Untersuchungsdesign 14 2.4 Auswertungsmethodik 16 3 ERGEBNISSE 19 3.1 Geradflügler (Orthoptera) 19 3.1.1 Artenliste 19 3.1.2 Zönotik 22 3.2 Wanzen (Heteroptera) 28 3.2.1 Artenliste 28 3.2.2 Zönotik 36 4 DISKUSSION 43 4.1 Lokale Diversität 43 4.2 Kommentare zu bemerkenswerten Arten 45 4.3 Clusteranalyse 56 4.4 Naturschutzfachliche Bewertung 59 4.5 Leitbildformulierung, Defizitanalyse und Schutzziel 75 4.6 Flächenmanagement 78 4.7 Zielarten und Monitoringprogramm 87 5 LITERATUR 88 – 3 – NP Gesäuse, Sulzkaralm – Heuschrecken & Wanzen 1 Zusammenfassung Als Teil des „Pilotprojekts Sulzkaralm“ wurden in den Jahren 2003 und 2004 in sechs repräsentativen Teillebensräumen der Sulzkaralm, Nationalpark Gesäuse, die lokale Geradflügler- und Wanzenfauna untersucht. Vorrangiges Ziel des Teilprojekts war die Erfassung der Artengemeinschaften in unterschiedlichen Weidetypen und eine Bewertung hinsichtlich des naturschutzfachlichen Zustands. In Folge sollten exemplarisch für die untersuchten Biotoptypen Bewirtschaftungs- und Pflegemaßnahmen in Bezug auf die untersuchten Tiergruppen formuliert werden. -
Familia Tingidae. Página 1 Documentos Fauna Ibérica
Edición Electrónica DFI-0012 Checklist de Fauna Ibérica. Familia Tingidae Laporte, 1832 (Insecta: Heteroptera) en la península ibérica, islas Baleares e islas Canarias (edición 2020) Miguel Costas, Tomás López y Mª Ángeles Vázquez 12-06-2020 Documentos Fauna Ibérica, 12. Edición electrónica. ISSN: 2445-4133 Documentos Fauna Ibérica. Edición electrónica http://www.faunaiberica.es/publicaciones/dfi/dfi-0012.pdf Proyecto Fauna Ibérica Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Madrid Editores: Autores: Mª Ángeles Ramos Sánchez Miguel Costas ([email protected]) Manuel Sánchez Ruiz Tomás López ([email protected]) Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC. Madrid. Mª. Ángeles Vázquez ([email protected]) Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología. Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución. C/ José Antonio Novais, 2. 28040 Madrid. España. Forma de citar el trabajo: Costas, M.; López, T. & Vázquez, M.A. 2020. Checklist de Fauna Ibérica. Familia Tingidae Laporte, 1832 (Insecta: Heteroptera) en la península ibérica, islas Baleares e islas Canarias (edición 2020). En: Documentos Fauna Ibérica, 12. Ramos, M.A. & Sánchez Ruiz, M. (Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC. Madrid: 2 (sn) + 14 pp. Edición electrónica ISSN 2445-4133 Fecha 12/06/2020 Con licencia Creative Commons: Reconocimiento - NoComercial - CompartirIgual (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0): No se permite un uso comercial de la obra original ni de las posibles obras derivadas, la distribución de las cuales se debe hacer con una licencia igual a la que regula la obra original. Documentos Fauna Ibérica. DFI-0012 Edición electrónica. ISSN: 2445-4133 Checklist de Fauna Ibérica. Familia Tingidae Laporte, 1832 (Insecta: Heteroptera) en la península ibérica, islas Baleares e islas Canarias (edición 2020). -
Behavioral Plasticity to Risk of Predation: Oviposition Site Selection by a Mosquito in Response to Its Predators
8 Behavioral Plasticity to Risk of Predation: Oviposition Site Selection by a Mosquito in Response to its Predators Leon Blaustein1, 2 and Douglas W. Whitman3 1Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. 2Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 34120 Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation is an environmentally induced phenotypic plastic response. We suggest predator- prey characteristics for which such a response is more likely to evolve: high vulnerability of progeny to the predator; deposition of all eggs from a single reproductive event in a single site (i.e., inability to spread the risk spatially); few opportunities to reproduce (i.e., unable to spread the risk temporally); during habitat assessment by the gravid female, high predictability of future risk of predation for the period in which the progeny develop at the site; the predator is common but some sites are predator-free. We summarize work done on a particular system—the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata Macquart and its predators in pool habitats, a likely candidate system for oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation given these proposed characteristics. Adult C. longiareolata females can chemically detect various predatory backswimmer species (Notonectidae) but do not appear to chemically detect odonate and urodele larvae. Evidence suggests however that ovipositing females may detect other predators by nonchemical cues. -
Bijdragen Tot De Dierkunde, 46 (2) - 1977
Site selection and growth of the larvae ofEylais discreta Koenike, 1897 (Acari, Hydrachnellae) by C. Davids G.J. Nielsen & P. Gehring Zoological Laboratory, University ofAmsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Such differences in growth rate are known for Arrenurus papillator (O. F. Müller, 1776). The The distribution of the larvae of Eylais discreta on the larvae of this species have a larger size on the abdominal tergites of the host species Sigara striata, S. falleni subcosta than the anal veins of of on the wings and Cymatia coleoptrata is examined. dragonflies (Münchberg, 1963). The same holds On S. striata and S. falleni the segments 3 and 4, on C. true larvae of are for the Limnochares aquatica coleoptrata the segments 2 and 3 successively preferred. There is but little influence of multiple infestations on this (Linnaeus, 1758) attached on the prothorax of distribution. with those Gerridae, compared on the meso- and The growth rate on the various tergites of S. striata is metathorax (Pahnke, 1974). similar, while on C. coleoptrata a possible difference could not When studying these phenomena, one has to be proved statistically. The larvae of E. discreta generally study the first. hibernate on the host; during this phase there is little growth; growth not until March-April they start growing faster. The larvae on C. coleoptrataare retarded in growth compared to those on S. METHODS AND RESULTS striata. The show in larvae on S. falleni do not any increase size; this water is immune to infestation various bug species by Host insects were collected by dip net on several Hydrachnellae. -
First Ever Report of a Bite by Nabis Argentinus Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae) on a Human
Short Communication Biodiversity and Natural History (2017) Vol. 3, No. 2, 45-47 First ever report of a bite by Nabis argentinus Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae) on a human Primer registro de una picadura de Nabis argentinus Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae) en un ser humano Marcela Cornelis1, Fernando Diez1 & María del Carmen Coscarón2 1Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Uruguay 151 L6300CLB, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. 2Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División Entomología, Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. *Correspondence author: [email protected] Abstract Herein, we described the first ever reported bite of Nabis argentinus Meyer-Dür 1870 on a human. The bite was registered in the locality Santa Rosa La Pampa, Argentina (36°37'29.02"S, 64°17'19.13"W). The insect was not provoked by the victim, and thus, the bite was probably not in self-defense. We therefore concluded that the insect bite the victim because it was searching for sources of hydration. Key words: adventitious bite, nabids, predaceous habit, record, symptomatology. Resumen Se describe el primer caso de una picadura adventicia en un ser humano por Nabis argentinus Meyer-Dür 1870, en la localidad de Santa Rosa La Pampa, Argentina (36°37'29.02"S, 64°17'19.13"W). El insecto no fue provocado por la víctima, por lo que probablemente la picadura no fue en defensa propia. Por lo tanto, concluimos que el insecto picó a la víctima en búsqueda de recursos de hidratación.