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Revista mexicana de biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 ISSN: 2007-8706 Instituto de Biología Álvarez-Lopeztello, Jonás; Hernández-Cuevas, Laura V.; Castillo, Rafael F. del; Robles, Celerino Second world record of Glomus trufemii (Glomeromycota: Fungi), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from a Mexican savanna Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, vol. 89, no. 1, 2018, pp. 298-300 Instituto de Biología DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.1.2101 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42559253025 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 298-300 Research note Second world record of Glomus trufemii (Glomeromycota: Fungi), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from a Mexican savanna Segundo registro mundial de Glomus trufemii (Glomeromycota: Fungi), un hongo micorrízico arbuscular de una sabana mexicana Jonás Álvarez-Lopeztello a, Laura V. Hernández-Cuevas b, *, Rafael F. del Castillo a, Celerino Robles a a Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, 71230 Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico b Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 Autopista Texmelucan-Tlaxcala, 90120 Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico *Corresponding author: [email protected] (L.V. Hernández-Cuevas) Received: 25 January 2017; accepted: 07 September 2017 Abstract In Mexico, studies of diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are still scarce. Here we report the second record in the world, and the first record in Mexico of Glomus trufemii (Glomeraceae) from a tropical humid savanna. These results provide an incentive to increase inventories of AMF in savannas, as well as to preserve this endangered ecosystem. Keywords: Diversity; Oaxaca; Glomoid species; Sporocarpic species Resumen En México, los estudios de la diversidad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) aún son escasos. Se reporta el segundo registro de Glomus trufemii (Glomeraceae) para el mundo y el primero para México, de una sabana tropical húmeda. Estos resultados incitan a incrementar los inventarios de HMA en las sabanas y a preservar estos ecosistemas amenazados. Palabras clave: Diversidad; Oaxaca; Especies glomoides; Especies esporocárpicas More than 260 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (17°29’ N, 95°37’ W; 100-300 m asl), Mexico, rhizospheric (AMF) have been described and almost 25% of them (ca. soil samples were collected from natural savannas (fide, 70 species) correspond to the genus Glomus (Glomerales, A. Gómez-Pompa). This savanna is recognized by the Glomeraceae) which forms glomoid spores with a single herbaceous stratum dominated by the grasses Paspalum wall with few layers (Schüßler & Walker, 2010); it is spp., Panicum spp., Hyparrhenia spp. (Poaceae) and distributed from xeric to humid environments worldwide. Cyperus spp. (Cyperaceae) (Reyes & Zamora, 1977), During a survey of the diversity of AMF in the Bajo with isolated trees of Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham., Mixe region, Oaxaca, at the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, and Curatella americana L. ISSN versión impresa: 1870-3453; versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.1.2101 J. Álvarez-Lopeztello et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 298-300 299 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.1.2101 Spores were extracted from the soil by wet sieving in diameter; orange-red (2.5YR5/8: Munsell Soil Color followed by sucrose gradient (20-60% w/v) centrifugation. Chart) (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1975) by reflected Morphological characteristics and subcellular structures light, peridium and amorphous material absent. Spores of the specimens were described from spores mounted in formed apically on short branches of straight hyphae, polyvinyl alcohol-lactic acid-glycerol with and without elliptic, 67-94 × 90-103 µm, to subglobose, 69-97 µm, Melzer´s reagent. Observations were made with a Nomarski orange to orange-red (2.5YR6/8) to dark reddish brown interference contrast microscope (Nikon Optiphot-II), (10R4/4) by transmitted light. Spores abortive globose, 34- and photographs were taken with a Toupcam camera 63 µm, hyaline to light yellow (≈ 2.5Y8/3) when examined (UCMOS02000KPB; ToupTek ToupView software with transmitted light, spore wall with 2 layers sw1 and version x64.3.7.1460). The taxonomical identification sw2 flexible. Spore wall on mature spores consisting of was made by comparison and contrast of morphological 2 layers, the sw1 is hyaline, fragile, 1- < 2 µm wide; characters of the spores and with glomoid species at the the sw2 is orange brown (2.5YR7/8) to lighter orange- International Collection of Vesicular and Arbuscular brown (5YR7/8) at its inner surface, 6-15 µm, laminated. Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) (http://invam.wve.edu/), Both layers continued through hyphae at the base of the the web page of Prof. Janusz Blaszkowski (http://www. spore. Pore closure a bridging septum from the sw2. zor.zut.edu.pl/Glomeromycota/), and Glomus species Melzer’s reaction absent. Supporting hyphae light yellow newly described (Goto et al., 2012). Voucher specimens (≈ 2.5Y8/4), 5-12 µm wide at the base of the spore, hyaline have been deposited at the TLXM Herbarium, Centro and narrowing to 4-10 µm beyond spore, wall 2-4 µm de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad wide (Figs. 1-5). Autónoma de Tlaxcala. The orange-brown sporocarps without peridium or Glomus trufemii B.T. Goto, G.A. Silva & Oehl, 2012 amorphous material, spores abortive and 2 layered spores Sporocarps formed as loose clusters, 364-572 µm without Melzer’s reaction are the outstanding features of Figs. 1-5. Glomus trufemii. 1, Sporocarp with mature and abortive spores (arrows); 2, mature spore showing the 2 layers of the spore wall (sw1, sw2) and hyphal wall (h-sw1, h-sw2); 3, mature spores showing closure of the bridging septum (bs); 4, wall layer showing the external hyaline layer (sw1) and the innermost laminated layer (sw2); 5, yellowish abortive spore showing 2 flexible walls (sw1, sw2). 300 J. Álvarez-Lopeztello et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 298-300 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.1.2101 Glomus trufemii. Similar glomoid sporocarpic species are acknowledges to Conacyt for his Doctorate Scholarship G. aureum Oehl & Sieverd., which contains amorphous 266682. material, and the layer sw1 of the spore wall staining with Melzer’s reagent (Oehl et al., 2003); Funneliformis badium References (Oehl, D. Redecker & Sieverd.) C. Walker & Schüßler Goto, B. T., Jardim, J. G., Silva, G. A. D., Furrazola, E., which forms a central mass of hyphae with cystidia-like Torres-Arias, Y., & Oehl, F. (2012). Glomus trufemii projections; G. brohultii Herrera-Peraza, Ferrer & Sieverd., (Glomeromycetes), a new sporocarpic species from Brazilian which has hyphae recurved, semi-bulbose or bifurcated at sand dunes. Mycotaxon, 120, 1–9. the base of the spores (Herrera-Peraza et al., 2003). Herrera-Peraza, R. A., Ferrer, R. L., & Sieverding, E. (2003). Glomus trufemii was described from spores recovered Glomus brohultii: a new species in the arbuscular mycorrhiza from soils of sand dune shrub land in Brazil (Goto et al., forming Glomerales. Journal of Applied Botany and Food 2012). Until now, this species had not been recorded from Quality, 77, 37–40. anywhere else; however, it now appears that it may have Oehl, F., Wiemken, A., & Sieverding, E. (2003). Glomus aureum, a broader tropical distribution in the Americas. The host a new sporocarpic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species species of G. trufemii are still unknown; however, they from European grasslands. Journal of Applied Botany and are likely grasses (Poaceae and Cyperaceae), due to their Food Quality, 77, 111–115. Reyes, C. R., & Zamora, S. C. (1977). Estudio de una sabana de dominance in savanna ecosystems. montaña localizada en las estribaciones de la Sierra Madre Thanks to the IPN for the logistical support del Sur. Ciencia Forestal, 2, 36–64. (SIP 20161449), to J. Błaszkowski and B. Goto for Schüßler, A., & Walker, C. (2010). The Glomeromycota. A the review of photographs of the specimens and species list with new families and new genera. Retrieved on comments, to anonymous reviewers of a previous April 20th, 2016, from: http://schuessler.userweb.mwn.de/ version of the manuscript, to J. Newhall Williams for U.S. Department of Agriculture (1975). Munsell soil color charts. the revision of the language. Jonás Álvarez-Lopeztello Kollmorgen, Maryland: U.S. Department of Agriculture..
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  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Citrus Growth: Overview

    Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Citrus Growth: Overview

    ACTA SCIENTIFIC MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226) Volume 2 Issue 6 June 2019 Review Article Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Citrus Growth: Overview Waleed Fouad Abobatta* Citrus Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt *Corresponding Author: Waleed Fouad Abobatta, Citrus Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt Received: March 27,2019; Published: May 07, 2019 DOI: 10.31080/ASMI.2019.02.0226 Abstract The important role of mycorrhizae for citrus orchards recognized from last century (1935), there are about 18 arbuscular Glomus aggregatum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum are the dominant species worldwide. mycorrhizae (AM) species belong to five families, however The arbuscular mycorrhizae are highly effective in citrus orchards particularly in low fertility soil, however, Glomus aggregatum is the dominant species in citrus orchards, AM hyphae inhabits plant roots and surrounding soils too. There are various benefits for arbuscular mycorrhizae in citrus orchards such as improve water uptake, increase phosphorus and inoculation citrus seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhizae enhancing seedling growth and increase survival rate after transplanting. micronutrient absorption, enhance plant tolerant for stress conditions, improved shoot and root growth of citrus rootstock, also, Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae; Citrus Orchard; Glomus aggregatum ; Water Uptake; Stress Conditions Background [4]. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) considered one of the main spe- ducer of orange throughout the world after Brazil, China, US, EU, cies symbioses into the soil, it could colonize more than 80% of the andCitrus Mexico trees are cultivated in various regions in Egypt and in di- higher plant species [1]. There is an imperative role for Arbuscular fferent types of soil, most varieties of citrus have small root hairs or mycorrhizae in the preservation of agro-ecosystem stability and short in soil systems, and are thus mostly dependent on AM hyphae sustainable agricultural development.
  • Association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Plants of Coastal Sand Dunes of West Coast of India

    Association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Plants of Coastal Sand Dunes of West Coast of India

    BEENA, ARUN, RAVIRAJA AND SRIDHAR 213 Tropical Ecology 42(2): 213-222, 2001 ISSN 0564-3295 © International Society for Tropical Ecology Association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plants of coastal sand dunes of west coast of India K.R. BEENA, A.B. ARUN, N.S. RAVIRAJA & K.R. SRIDHAR1 Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri - 574 199, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Abstract: An inventory of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal status of 28 plant species belonging to 14 families established on the coastal sand dunes of southwest coast of India was performed. Roots of 23 plant species were colonized by AM fungi, whereas the rhizosphere of only 20 plant species possessed AM fungal spores. Canavalia cathartica had the highest root colonization (83%) by AM, while the rhizosphere of Borreria articularis had the highest number of AM spores (1.6 g-1). Among 30 AM fungi recovered, Scutellospora erythropa showed a wide host range (colonized 13 plant species), while Scutellospora gregaria had high spore abundance per plant species (12.75). The mean species richness on the west coast dunes was 4.4, highest being in Ipomoea pes-caprae (11). Among the mat-forming creepers, the AM fungal diversity was highest in Alysicarpus rugosus. Resumen: Se realizó un inventario de la condición respecto a hongos micorrízicos arbus- culares (MA) para 28 especies pertenecientes a 14 familias establecidas en las dunas costeras arenosas de la costa sudoccidental de la India. Las raíces de 23 especies vegetales estuvieron colonizadas por hongos MA, mientras que la rizosfera de sólo 20 especies de plantas contuvo esporas de hongos MA.