Sheldon H. Harris Papers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sheldon H. Harris Papers http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt8f59r20s No online items Inventory of the Sheldon H. Harris Papers Processed by Aparna Mukherjee Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2007 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Inventory of the Sheldon H. 2004C40 1 Harris Papers Inventory of the Sheldon H. Harris Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Processed by: Aparna Mukherjee Date Completed: 2006 Encoded by: ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications and Elizabeth Konzak © 2007 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Sheldon H. Harris Papers Dates: 1942-2002 Collection number: 2004C40 Creator: Harris, Sheldon H. Collection Size: 53 manuscript boxes, 2 oversize boxes.(22 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Writings, correspondence, photocopies of government documents, photographs, sound recordings, video tapes, and printed matter, of an American historian relating mainly to biological warfare, especially as conducted by Japan in China before and during World War II. Includes research material used in the preparation of the book by S. H. Harris, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-up (London, 1994). Physical location: Hoover Institution Archives Languages: Languages represented in the collection: English Access The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Sheldon H. Harris Papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2004 Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog Socrates at http://library.stanford.edu/webcat . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in Socrates is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid. 1928 Born, Brooklyn, New York August 22 1949 A.B. (cum laude), Brooklyn College (now Brooklyn College of the City University of New York) 1950 A.M., Harvard University 1955 Married Sheila J. Black 1957-1958 Instructor in history, Brooklyn College (now Brooklyn College of the City University of New York) 1958 Ph.D., Columbia University, New York Inventory of the Sheldon H. 2004C40 2 Harris Papers 1958-1963 Associate professor of social science, Bradford Durfee College of Technology (now Southeastern Massachusetts University), Bradford, Massachusetts 1962 Recipient, Roger Benjamin Foundation Award 1963-1964 Recipient, American Council of Learned Societies research grant 1963-1966 Assistant professor, California State University, Northridge 1966 Visiting professor, University of California, Los Angeles 1966-1969 Associate professor, California State University, Northridge 1969-1991 Professor of history, California State University, Northridge 1971 Recipient, American Philosophical Society grant for research in England 1972 Author, Paul Cuffe: Black America and the African Return Author, President Johnson's Decision to Intervene in Vietnam 1973 Author, Prohibition 1979 Author, Blue's Who's Who: A Biographical Dictionary of Blues Singers 1986 Author, I Remember: Eighty Years of Black Entertainment, Big Bands, and the Blues: An Autography 1994 Author, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-Up 1996 Author, Writers Directory 2002 Died, Los Angeles, California August 31 Scope and Content of Collection The papers of Sheldon Harris consist of correspondence; photocopies of government documents; photographs; printed matter; sound recordings; video tapes; and writings relating mainly to biological warfare, especially as conducted by Japan in China before and during World War II. They include research materials used in the preparation of the book, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-Up. Sheldon Harris was one of the researchers responsible for bringing to light the facts of Japan's war crimes against humanity. The materials draw attention to atrocities committed by Japan in China between 1931 and 1945. They shed light on experiments carried out by the scientists and doctors of Unit 731 of the Japanese army by exposing human subjects to poisonous gases and infectious diseases. They also raise some controversial issues, such as an alleged immunity deal and possible cover-up between American and Japanese scientists, the question of reparation to the victims, and Japan's responsibility. An acknowledgement of Japan's experiments with biological weapons and their use against the Chinese people came from a Japanese court shortly before Harris's death. Indexing Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog. Subjects Biological warfare. Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1937-1945--Biological warfare. World War, 1939-1945--Biological warfare. World War, 1939-1945--Japan. United States--Military relations--Japan. Japan--Military relations--United States. Genre Video tapes. Phonotapes. Box/Folder: 1 : 1 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1942-1950. Scope and Content Note Correspondence, information sheet, memoranda, and report on biological warfare Box/Folder: 1 : 2 World War II intelligence reports, 1945 Inventory of the Sheldon H. 2004C40 3 Harris Papers Box/Folder: 1 : 3 Office of Strategic Services (OSS) files index--National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) guide to RG 226, 1991 and undated. Scope and Content Note Brochure, card catalogs, list of researchers, and instructions for ordering audio-visual records Box/Folder: 1 : 4 Reports of the U. S. Naval Technical Mission to Japan, 1945-1946. Scope and Content Note Index to microfilms U. S. military intelligence reports Box/Folder: 1 : 5 Japanese Biological Warfare, 1945 Box/Folder: 1 : 6 Biological Warfare: Activities and Capabilities of Foreign Nations, 1946 Box/Folder: 1 : 7 Summary report on scientific intelligence survey in Japan--United Kingdom report on Unit 731, 1946-1947. Scope and Content Note Includes a draft report on biological research in the United States Box/Folder: 1 : 8 Japanese report on inspection by the Red Cross of prison camps in Manchuria, 1943-1945. Scope and Content Note Includes affidavits, correspondence, and printed matter relating to Japanese experiments in biological warfare in Manchuria using prisoners of war for testing Box/Folder: 1 : 9 Official German documents on biological warfare, 1941-1945. Scope and Content Note Includes list of documents and reports, including H. Kliewe intelligence report after Germany's surrender, ALSOS mission, and Hoyzo monograph, 1942-1945 Box/Folder: 1 : 10 Report by George W. Merck on activities of the United States in the field of biological warfare, undated Murray Sanders Box/Folder: 1 : 11 Biographical materials, 1961 and undated. Scope and Content Note Correspondence, press release, and miscellany Box/Folder: 1 : 12 Report on biological warfare, 1945 Box/Folder: 1 : 13 Arvo T. Thompson, 1945-1946. Scope and Content Note Floor plans of Pingfan (Heibo) installation Box/Folder: 1 : 14 Herbert H. Fell--Summary report on biological warfare investigations by Edwin V. Hill and Joseph Victor, 1947 Box/Folder: 1 : 15 Shiro Ishii dossier, 1945-1948. Scope and Content Note Correspondence, list of papers, memoranda, and printed matter Box/Folder: 2 : 1-2 Stenographic transcripts of interrogation of Masaji Kitano by S. F. Whiteridge and A. H. Schvichterberg, Tokyo, and translation of statement by Kitano, 1946-1947 Box/Folder: 2 : 3 Investigations of Shiro Ishii, 1945-1948, 1982. Scope and Content Note Memoranda and reports. Includes an article by Peter Kalisher and a report on war crime broadcast on 60 Minutes, CBS television network Inventory of the Sheldon H. 2004C40 4 Harris Papers Box/Folder: 2 : 4 Charles A. Willoughby files, undated. Scope and Content Note List Box/Folder: 2 : 5 Postwar biological warfare investigations, 1946-1951. Scope and Content Note Dossier, memoranda, and reports Box/Folder: 2 : 6-8 Cover-up documents and information on unit 100, 1941-1950. Scope and Content Note Includes bio-data of Murray Sanders, correspondence, interview, messages, notes, printed matter, report on the Japanese violations of the laws of war, and statement Box/Folder: 2 : 9 Japanese archive index list, 1941-1948 Box/Folder: 2 : 10 Dugway documents, 1944-1947. Scope and Content Note Primarily interviews relating to biological warfare Box/Folder: 3 : 1 Hospital regulations, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 1960. Scope and Content Note Memorandum and report Box/Folder: 3 : 2 Letter to Charles Wilson in response to the theory of biological experiments conducted by Japan using American prisoners of war in Mukden, Manchuria, 1986 Box/Folder: 3 : 3 Report by N. Paul Hudson--Liaison
Recommended publications
  • The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima an Interview with Mr
    Doerr 1 A Rain of Ruin: The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima An Interview with Mr. Francis Mitsuo Tomosawa by Leili Doerr Mr. Alex Haight February 12, 2007 Doerr 2 Table of Contents Release Form 2 Statement of Purpose 3 Biography 4 Historical Contextualization 6 Interview Trmiscription 25 Interview Analysis 81 Appendix 1 90 Appendix 2 91 Appendix 3 92 Appendix 4 93 Appendix 5 94 Appendix 6 95 Appendix 7 96 Appendix 8 97 Appendix 9 98 Appendix 10 99 Appendix 11 100 Appendix 12 101 Appendix 13 102 Appendix 14 103 Time Indexing/Recording Log Ill Works Consulted 113 Doerr 3 Statement of Purpose The purpose of this oral history is to achieve a better understanding ofthe atomic bombing of Hiroshima, and the pacific theatre ofthe Second World War, through an interview with Mr. Francis Mitsuo Tomosawa. The project aims to give a more valuable and intimate perspective of these events thmi can be acquired anywhere else. The Second World War still remains the most 'Sv odd-shaping" event ofthe 20 century and a thorough understanding ofit is a fundmnental part of any study ofthe United States. Doerr 4 Biography ' ^ ^B t ^^ Francis Mitsuo Tomosawa was bom in Honolulu, Hawaii, on January 25, 1930. Bom to Japanese natives, he was the youngest of three sons. Like most Japanese parents in Hawaii, Mr. Tomosawa's parents believed that their three sons must to go to Japan in order to experience a firsthand education about the Japanese culture. Therefore, in April 1941, at the age of eleven, Mr. Tomosawa and his mother lefl: for Hiroshima.
    [Show full text]
  • The 3Rd New Zealand Division and Operation ‘Squarepeg’
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. “With the utmost precision and team play”: The 3rd New Zealand Division and Operation ‘Squarepeg’ A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts (Defence & Strategic Studies) by Shaun Mawdsley Centre for Defence and Security Studies College of Humanities and Social Sciences Massey University 2013 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the influences and course of the 3rd New Zealand (NZ) Division’s preparations for Operation ‘Squarepeg’ in the Green Islands, in February 1944. It argues that as the largest New Zealand amphibious operation of the Second World War, ‘Squarepeg’ holds a key place in identifying the development of amphibious and jungle warfare doctrine within the New Zealand Army during the war. As such, it can indicate the abilities of the 3rd NZ Division to conduct combat operations in the South Pacific in 1944. The thesis shows that the New Zealand Army was unprepared for operations in the South Pacific, as it had neglected relevant inter-war developments. The hasty formation of the 3rd NZ Division in 1942, as a response to Japanese expansion in the South Pacific, served to highlight the challenges that the division and its commander, Major-General Harold Barrowclough, had to overcome. The studying of foreign doctrine to supplement the dearth of New Zealand material was vital for the 3rd NZ Division’s preparations for deployment.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide: a Comprehensive Introduction Is the Most Wide-Ranging Textbook on Geno- Cide Yet Published
    ■ GENOCIDE Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction is the most wide-ranging textbook on geno- cide yet published. The book is designed as a text for upper-undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a primer for non-specialists and general readers interested in learning about one of humanity’s enduring blights. Over the course of sixteen chapters, genocide scholar Adam Jones: • Provides an introduction to genocide as both a historical phenomenon and an analytical-legal concept. • Discusses the role of imperalism, war, and social revolution in fueling genocide. • Supplies no fewer than seven full-length case studies of genocides worldwide, each with an accompanying box-text. • Explores perspectives on genocide from the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science/international relations, and gender studies. • Considers “The Future of Genocide,” with attention to historical memory and genocide denial; initiatives for truth, justice, and redress; and strategies of intervention and prevention. Written in clear and lively prose, liberally sprinkled with illustrations and personal testimonies from genocide survivors, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction is destined to become a core text of the new generation of genocide scholarship. An accompanying website (www.genocidetext.net) features a broad selection of supplementary materials, teaching aids, and Internet resources. Adam Jones, Ph.D. is currently Associate Research Fellow in the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University. His recent publications
    [Show full text]
  • Books Received Blair Pierce Turner
    Books Received Blair Pierce Turner The Journal of Military History, Volume 67, Number 1, January 2003, pp. 320-323 (Article) Published by Society for Military History DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0007 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/40433 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] Books Received ✩ Compiler: Blair P. Turner, Virginia Military Institute General Above and Beyond: The Aviation Medals of The Politics of Coercion: Toward a Theory of Honor. By Barrett Tillman. Washington: Coercive Airpower for Post–Cold War Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002. Conflict. By Lt. Col. Ellwood P. “Skip” ISBN 1-58834-056-2. Photographs. Hinman IV, USAF. Maxwell Air Force Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. x, Base, Ala.: Air University Press, 2002. 294. $29.95. Biographical sketches of Notes. Bibliography. Paper. Pp. 73. Cadre over 100 awardees. Paper Number 14 from the College of The Battles of Armageddon: Megiddo and the Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Jezreel Valley from the Bronze Age to the Education. Nuclear Age. By Eric H. Cline. Ann Arbor: The Tragedy of the Middle East. By Barry University of Michigan Press, 2002. ISBN Rubin. New York: Cambridge University 0-472-06739-7. Maps. Photographs. Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-80623-2. Notes. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Paper. Index. Pp. viii, 287. $29.00. An analysis of Pp. 239. $17.95. Reissue of the 2000 his- the contemporary situation in the Arab torical and archaeological study of 4,000 world focuses on failures of leadership, years of warfare on the site in Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Altmark Affair Royal Australian
    Title Description Author Conflict "The Navy's here!" : the Altmark affair The story of the Altm ark affair and the Battle of the River Plate. W illi Frischauer and Robert Jackson W W 2 100 Years of RAN A book celebrating 100 years of the Royal Australia Navy. Royal Australian Navy The 173rd Airborne Brigade (Sky Soldiers) is the U.S. Arm y's Contingency 173rd Airborne Brigade Response Force in Europe, Turner Publishing This book covers the dramatic 12 m onths of 1940, each chapter covering 1940 The W orld In Flames the events in chronological order. Richard Collier W W 2 A collection of short stories of day to day survival of Australian soldiers in 1995 Diary Changi Changi prison cam ps. Neil Pigot W W 2 2 NZEF IP 4 Volumes The History of the 2 NZEF Oliver A. Gillespie 2/9 Bn Book of Statistics A Statistical report of the 2/9 Battalion Boyd Redshaw 200 Shots Damian Parer and George Silk and the Australians at W ar in New Guinea. Neil MacDonald W W 2 2194 Days of W ar TAhni sill ucosltleractetiodn c ohfr odnraowloingyg so,f sthke tScheecso nadn dW noortlde sW, marade at odd tim es or Cesare Salmaggi W W 2 whenever possible, is presented in book form with the hope that it will tell something of the Australian Soldier's life and journey with the Sixth Australian Division in northern New Guinea; through Aitape, Mprik and 6th Div Sketches W ewak. James W ieneke 75th Anniversary of Pearl Harbour Honouring the 2 program s used during the 75th Anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Past, Inspiring the Future Programs Harbour.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the United States Marine Corps and The
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2005 A comparative study of the United States Marine Corps and the Imperial Japanese Army in the central Pacific aW r through the experiences of Clifton Joseph Cormier and Hiroo Onoda John Earl Domingue Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Domingue, John Earl, "A comparative study of the United States Marine Corps and the Imperial Japanese Army in the central Pacific War through the experiences of Clifton Joseph Cormier and Hiroo Onoda" (2005). LSU Master's Theses. 3182. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3182 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES MARINES AND THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC WAR THROUGH THE EXPERIENCES OF CLIFTON JOSEPH CORMIER AND HIROO ONODA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Arts in The Interdepartmental Program In Liberal Arts By John E. Domingue BMEd, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1967 MEd, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1972 December 2005 Dedication To “Nan Nan” Bea who made this degree possible even in death.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Diplomacy in U.S.-Japanese Relations, 1919-1941
    9781403975324ts01.qxd 7-9-07 06:35 PM Page i Cultural Diplomacy in U.S.-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941 This page intentionally left blank Cultural Diplomacy in U.S.-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941 JON THARES DAVIDANN 9781403975324ts01.qxd 7-9-07 06:35 PM Page iv CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN U.S.-JAPANESE RELATIONS, 1919–1941 Copyright © Jon Thares Davidann, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–1–4039–7532–4 ISBN-10: 1–4039–7532–9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davidann, Jon Thares, 1961– Cultural diplomacy in U.S.-Japanese relations, 1919–1941 / by Jon Thares Davidann. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–7532–9 (alk. paper) 1. United States—Relations—Japan. 2. Japan—Relations—United States. 3. United States—Foreign public opinion, Japanese. 4. Japan— Foreign public opinion, American. 5. United States—Foreign relations— 20th century. 6. Japan—Foreign relations—1912–1945. 7.World War, 1939–1945—Causes.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of the Moon 2007 PG 109 Minutes David Sington And
    In the Shadow of the Moon 2007 PG 109 minutes David Sington and Christopher Riley's acclaimed documentary reveals the history of the Apollo space program through interviews with the brave astronauts who lived through a paradigm-shifting chapter in world history. Devoted to President John F. Kennedy's goal of sending a man to the moon, the NASA project pushed the envelope of what was humanly possible. But the program also experienced several failures, one of which resulted in tragedy. Man on Wire 2008 PG-13 94 minutes Philippe Petit captured the world's attention in 1974 when he successfully walked across a high wire between New York's Twin Towers. This Oscar winner for Best Documentary explores the preparations that went into the stunt as well as the event and its aftermath. Obsessed with the towers even before they were fully constructed, Petit sneaked into the buildings several times to determine the equipment he needed to accomplish his daring feat. American Experience: Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 2006 NR 86 minutes How could one man -- Peoples Temple leader Jim Jones -- persuade 900 people to commit mass suicide by drinking cyanide-laced Kool-Aid in the jungles of Guyana? This penetrating portrait of the demented preacher attempts to answer that question. Using never- before-seen footage and audio accounts of two Jonestown survivors, documentarian Stanley Nelson paints a chilling picture of a social experiment gone horribly awry. When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts 2006 TV-MA 3 discs Spike Lee commemorates the people of New Orleans with a four-hour epic documentary that not only recounts the events of late August 2005 but asks why they unfolded the way they did in the first place.
    [Show full text]
  • Horror in the East Free Download
    HORROR IN THE EAST FREE DOWNLOAD Laurence Rees | 320 pages | 07 Jul 2011 | Ebury Publishing | 9781849901673 | English | London, United Kingdom Horror In The East: Japan And The Atrocities Of World War - II While this is often true, it ignores the horrific and phantasmagoric side of many Buddhist rituals and beliefs. The prisoners consisted of soldiers from Britain, Malaya, Australia, India, a parade of mongrel troops. After indiscriminate bombing of Chinese cities by Japan's air force, the empire's army invaded and began committing atrocities to rival Nazi crimes in Horror in the East. Edit Cast Credited cast: Edward Herrmann We told each other that we should calm down and think about the consequences. May 06, Ivan rated it really liked it Shelves: nonfictionread-originaljapanhistory. Was it the emperor himself? Great historical book about a side of WWII that is usually not talked about. Based on a film documentary Rees The Nazis: A Warning from History produced for the BBC, this Horror in the East organized book does a nice job of explaining the cultural attitudes and historical events that lay behind Japanese atrocities during World War II, but as a full catalogue it is incomplete. In Okinawa, as the Americans pushed to the south of the island there were many civilian suicides, some thousand at Cape Kyan. Oct 30, Sea L rated it liked it. As on Saipan, the civilians were told by the Japanese army that the Americans would rape and murder them and encouraged them to adopt kamikaze tactics. Didn't go into as much depth on the experiences of POWs as I had hoped I bought this book for more information after reading the Narrow Road to the Deep North but it does set the context for the atrocities that were perpetrated by both sides during this conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • The Devil's Grin
    THE DEVIL’S GRIN Why and How the Japanese Military Imprisoned Dutch Civilians Living in the Dutch East Indies During the 1941-1945 Pacific War Toni Harting 1 The Devil’s Grin Why and How the Japanese Military Imprisoned Dutch Civilians Living in the Dutch East Indies During the 1941-1945 Pacific War Toni Harting 2 The Devil’s Grin © 2013 Antoni Harting Conceived, designed, researched, written, produced, and self-published (March 2013) in Toronto, Canada by Antoni (Toni) Harting www.toniharting.com Edited by Ria Harting and Michael Van Winkle. Printed by Timeline Printing Inc., Toronto. The Devil’s Grin is intended for people who want to improve their knowledge and understanding of the 1941-1945 Pacific War situation in the Dutch East Indies colony in Southeast Asia, now The Republic of Indonesia. The book is therefore offered to everybody free of charge as a pdf file; a limited number of printed books is also available. See my website www.toniharting.com. Readers are encouraged to freely copy the pdf file in whole or in part for their own informational, educational, and/or other non-commercial purposes, and for unlimited non-commercial redistribution, provided the following credit line is included: Used with permission. Copyright 2013, Antoni Harting. All rights reserved. 3 To the memory of my parents: Tine Harting - Pons Anton Harting Tine and Anton engaged to be married Batavia, 29 September 1920 4 “Hope is one of the most important reasons for survival. Hope that the war will end soon and hope to meet their loved ones will hold people up.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rape of Nanking: Reasons and Recrimination by Walter Zapotoczny
    The Rape of Nanking: Reasons and Recrimination by Walter Zapotoczny The Japanese generals who took time out to toast the early success of their China campaign in 1937 drew their jubilation not only from the quick rout of the numerically superior enemy, but from deep cultural roots. By the very act of fighting they were fulfilling the ancient role of the samurai – the medieval warrior whose fate was conquest or death. The Japanese warriors in China found plenty of both. Within two years after they swarmed over the Great Wall from attack points in occupied Manchuria, the Japanese had swept south and east 1,200 miles. On the way their 600,000-man force suffered 60,000 casualties and killed two million Chinese. Among those killed where civilians, butchered in a distinctly un-samurai-like orgy of murder at Nanking. The factors that lead to this uncharacteristic behavior can be traced to: the economic conditions that existed in Japan and the need for markets, the characterization of the Chinese people as morally deficient, harsh Japanese military training, and the circumstances on the ground leading up to the assault on Nanking. Debate continues between deniers of the genocide conducted at Nanking and those who cite the historical record. Perhaps the continuing debate has its origins in the same factors. In his book New History of the World, J. M. Roberts writes, "When Japan's wartime economic boom finally ended in 1920, hard times and social problems followed even before the onset of the world economic depression. By 1931, half of Japan's factories were idle.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER Manhanan, Kansas 66506-1002 785-532-0374 Permanent Directors ISSI'll0885-5668 FAX 785-532-7004 [email protected] Charles F
    WORLD WAR TWO STUDIES ASSOCIATION (formerly American Committee on the History o/the Second World War) Donald S. Detwiler, Chainnan Mark P. Parillo, Secrerarv and Department of History News/eller Edl/or . Southern Illinois University Department of History a! Carbondale 208 Eisenhower Hall Carbondale, Illinois 62901-4519 Kansas Stare UniveI3ity [email protected] NEWSLETTER Manhanan, Kansas 66506-1002 785-532-0374 Permanent Directors ISSI'll0885-5668 FAX 785-532-7004 [email protected] Charles F. Delzell Vanderbilt University James Ehrman, AssoclOte Editor and Webmasler Arthur L. Fwtk Departmeot of History University of Florida 208 Eisenhower Hall Kansas State Universirv Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002 Tums expiring 2002 No. 68 Fall 2002 Archives: Dean C. Allard Institute for MilitBrV Hiswrv and Naval Historical Center 201~ Centurv Studies . 221 Eisellhower Hall Edward J. Drea Kansas State Universit\ Department of Defense Manhanan, Kansas 66506-1002 David Kahn The WWTSA is affillaled wilh: Grea! Neck, New York Contents American Historical Association Carol M. Petillo 400 A Street, S.E. Boston College Washington. D.C. 20003 http://www.theaha.org Ronald H. SpeclOr George Washingtoo University Comite IntemallOnal d'Histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre Moodiale Robert Wolfi: Insritut d'Histoire du Temps Present National Arcill ves World War Two Studies Association (Cenrre national de la rechelcbe .scienrifique ICNRS]) =:",1 Ziemke Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan CnivcrsityofGeorgia General Information 2 61. avenue du President Wilson 94235 Cachan Codex. France Terms expiring 2003 The Newsletter 2 In,Hi/ute for Military History and Carl Bovd Annual Membership Dues 2 ](J" Centu,v S,udles, al Old Dominion University Kansas Sra;e UlIlversily which supports the W\VTSA's wehsite on the [nemet Roy D.
    [Show full text]