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Human Ethology Bulletin Volume 26, Numbers 3-4 ISSN 0739-2036 June 2011 Human Ethology Bulletin © 2011 − The International Society for Human Ethology – www.ISHE.org Contents Human Ethology Bulletin EDITORIAL BOARD and EDITORIAL STAFF 2 Human Ethology Bulletin OUR NEW ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION SYSTEM by Aurelio 3 José Figueredo THEORETICAL ARTICLES A Vindication of Eibl-Eibesfeldt's Concept of Tötungshemmungen (Conspecific Killing 4 Inhibitions)? Human Ethology, Military Psychology, and the Neurosciences by Johan M.G. van der Dennen CALL FOR OPEN PEER COMMENTARIES by Aurelio José Figueredo 31 BOOK REVIEWS Thomas R. Alley reviews In Your Face: The New Science of Human Attraction 32 by David Perrett Ferenc Kocsor reviews The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist's Quest for What Makes Us 35 Human by V. S. Ramachandran Nando Pelusi reviews Maldadapting Minds: Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Evolutionary 37 Theory edited by Pieter. R. Adriaens and Andreas de Block MEMBERSHIP and SUBSCRIPTIONS 40 2 Human Ethology Newsletter, 10(1), 2011 Editorial Board ASSOCIATE PRODUCTION EDITOR EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Elisabeth Oberzaucher Department of Anthropology Aurelio José Figueredo University of Vienna Department of Psychology Althanstraße 14 1090 Vienna, Austria School of Mind, Brain, and Behavior 1503 East University Boulevard E-mail: [email protected] College of Science, University of Arizona ASSOCIATE BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Tucson, AZ 85721-0068 USA Voice: 1-520-621-7444 / Fax: 1-520-621-9306 Iris J. Holzleitner E-mail: [email protected] Department of Anthropology University of Vienna ASSOCIATE EDITORS Althanstraße 14 Thomas R. Alley 1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Psychology E-mail: [email protected] Clemson University 418 Brackett Hall Editorial Staff Clemson, SC 29634-1355 USA CURRENT LITERATURE EDITOR E-mail: [email protected] Johan van der Dennen Martin Brüne Department of Legal Theory, Faculty of Law Department of Psychiatry University of Groningen University of Bochum Oude Kijk in‘t Jatstraat 5/9 LWL University Hospital 9712 EA Groningen, The Netherlands Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791 Voice: +31-50-3635649 / Fax: +31-50-3635635 Bochum, Germany E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] MEDIA LIASON Martin Fieder Department of Anthropology and Rector's Office Daniel J. Kruger University of Vienna School of Public Health Althanstraße 14 University of Michigan 1090 Vienna, Austria Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA E-mail: Voice: 1-734-936-4927 / Fax: 1-734-615-2317 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Maryanne Fisher Department of Psychology PANEL OF ASSESSORS St. Mary’s University Rose Sokol Chang 923 Robie Street State University of New York, New Paltz Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3 Canada Justin Garcia E-mail: [email protected] State University of New York, Binghamton Sarah Strout Astrid Jütte Department of Psychology Peter LaFreniere Division of Social Sciences The University of Maine Dan O’Brien Dominican College of Blauvelt State University of New York, Binghamton 470 Western Highway John Richer Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA University of Oxford E-mail: [email protected] Ian Stephen Glenn Ellis Weisfeld University of Bristol Department of Psychology Michael Stirrat Wayne State University University of St Andrews Detroit, Michigan 48202 E-mail: [email protected] Human Ethology Bulletin, 26(2), 2011 3 The Human Ethology Bulletin is particularly Human Ethology Bulletin: interested in studies where behavior is directly observed and recorded using a Our New Electronic variety of methods, which might range from Submission System traditional ad libitum direct observation in natural habitats to automatic computer-aided behavior recording and analysis, as well as New Procedures for Submissions to methodological articles describing those the Human Ethology Bulletin procedures for general application. Purely descriptive and inductive studies will also be The Human Ethology Bulletin is switching to accepted, provided they are thorough and an online electronic submission system as of 1 methodologically rigorous. January 2012. From that date on, all manuscripts (of whatever type) should be The Bulletin and the Newsletter submitted to the following URL: As previously announced, we have split the http://media.anthro.univie.ac.at/ishe_journal/in official journal function, retaining the name dex.php/heb/author/submit/1 Human Ethology Bulletin , from the ISHE- We are also taking this opportunity to post a specific information function, under the briefer description of our journal on that web name Human Ethology Newsletter . Until the page, which has now been revised so that end of 2011, the Bulletin will be will be newcomers will immediately grasp the basic distributed in PDF format directly over email purposes behind the Bulletin without having to to all current subscribers and members of read one of our lengthy academic discourses on ISHE . We will afterwards be switching to a the matter. web-based distribution system to be Brief Description of the Human announced as soon as it is operational. Ethology Bulletin Certain traditional features of the Human The Human Ethology Bulletin is an online Ethology Bulletin are being retained within peer-reviewed journal publishing scholarly the Human Ethology Newsletter , such as works within the broad research tradition of “Current Publications”, “New Books and New Human Ethology, such as: (1) Research Articles; Editions”, and “Upcoming Conferences and (2) Theoretical Reviews; (3) Brief Reports; (4) Meetings”. The December issue ( 10, 2) of the Technical Comments; (5) Brevia; (6) Open Peer Newsletter will be distributed directly over Commentaries; (7) Authors Responses to Open email concurrently with this Bulletin to all Peer Commentaries; and (8) Book Reviews. current subscribers, but will afterwards be switching to the web-based distribution The focus of the Human Ethology Bulletin is system that is currently in preparation. to provide a unique venue for the publication of empirical, theoretical, and review articles Although the current Bulletin Editor-in-Chief within the tradition of Human Ethology. The will continue to personally produce and substantive content of Human Ethology is distribute the Newsletter until a replacement perhaps best captured by Tinbergen’s Four is found, we need to find another person to fill Questions, that may be asked of any behavior: this role at the start of 2012, as the (1) Proximate Mediation; (2) Behavioral responsibilities of the Bulletin Editor-in-Chief Development; (3) Evolutionary History; and will change with the greater complexity of the (4) Ultimate Adaptive Function. new system. Any nominations (including self- nominations) for that role would be welcome. 4 Human Ethology Bulletin, 26(2), 2011 expiatory ceremonies following the killing of an Theoretical enemy with the general ambivalence of taboo. In his famous “ Krieg und Frieden aus der Sicht der Verhaltensforschung ” (1975; translated in English Articles as “The Biology of War and Peace”, 1979) Eibl- Eibesfeldt postulated the existence in humans of ’Tötungshemmungen’ (innate conspecific A Vindication of Eibl-Eibesfeldt's killing inhibitions). “Man, like other organisms, has inhibitions against killing as part of a Concept of Tötungshemmungen biological filter of norms… In all cultures there (Conspecific Killing Inhibitions)? is a marked inhibition against killing a fellow Human Ethology, Military human being, and if it is desired to ignore it, as in war, for instance, special indoctrination is Psychology, and the necessary is the sympathetic appeal of common Neurosciences humanity is to be disregarded. Sympathy as the subjective correlative of the inhibition on killing By Johan M.G. van der Dennen is felt in all cultures, and is everywhere released University of Groningen, the Netherlands by the same signals. Thus inhibitions on aggression are innate in us”. Abstract Neuroscience has found the possible neuroanatomical substrate for these killing I present the literature pro and con the concept inhibitions. Interestingly, recent publications by of ‘killing inhibitions’ in humans and animals, D.L. Smith (2007), and Roscoe (2007) have as formulated by students of preindustrial reasserted that powerful killing inhibitions exist warfare such as Turney-High, Quincy Wright, in humans (and chimpanzees). Unfortunately, and Keeley; (human) ethologists and humans have designed a number of strategies primatologists such as Lorenz, Tinbergen, Eibl- (‘distancing devices’) to overcome these killing Eibesfeldt, Sommer, Vogel, Ghiglieri, and inhibitions, more or less easily, without ‘pangs Wrangham; students of contemporary military of conscience’. psychology/psychiatry and combat motivation such as Grossman, Bourke, Gabriel, and Shalit; ‘Bad Conscience’ and neuroscientists such as Koenigs et al. and “Cold-blooded slaughter has really never been Miller et al. approved by the bulk of mankind” (Turney- In a chapter of his The Golden Bough , aptly High, 1949: 207; see Marett, 1933; Q. Wright, entitled “Taboo and the Perils of the Soul”, 1942; and Keeley, 1996; for similar statements). Frazer (1890) was the first to acknowledge the We have been led to think that disregard for existence, and summarize the available enemy life and his feelings are characteristic of evidence of disculpation ritual, taboos and ‘primitive’ warfare, Turney-High (1949: 222) purification ceremonies (or lustration), stated, but this is not necessarily so, as indicative of some sense of guilt, in the post- evidenced by ambivalent feelings toward
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