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Der Dichter Oskar Panizza Und Der Pfarrer Friedrich Lippert, Eine

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Der Dichter Oskar Panizza Und Der Pfarrer Friedrich Lippert, Eine Der Dichter Oskar Panizza und der Pfarrer Friedrich Lippert, eine Lebensbegegnung von FRIEDRICH WILHELM KANTZENBACH (Motto:) "Woher der plötzliche Einfall bei einem Luther, der in Form einer religiösen Tese gekleidet allen bis dahin bestandenen gemütischen Schwirigkeiten und Grübeleien ein Ende macht, ohne in der Richtung der bisher gehegten teologischen Zweifel zu liegen, ganz im Gegenteil, von der entgegengesetzten Richtung kommt, wie eine Befreiung wirkt, und von der Stunde an aus einem ängstlichen, bekümmerten, elenden Menschen einen Glaubensstarken, in sich gefaßten, mit unglaublicher Rücksichtslosigkeit vorgehenden Kämpfer und Anführer der Geister macht, dessen Einfluß Jahrhunderte über- dauerte?" (Oskar Panizza: Der Illusionismus und Die Rettung der Persönlich- keit, Skizze einer Weltanschauung, 1895, S. 13-14) . I Literaturlexika fiihren pflichtschuldigst den Dichter Oskar Panizzal auf; Literaturgeschichten verschweigen seinen Namen mit nur wenigen Ausnah- men. Kein Wunder: Panizza, der nach medizinischen Studien in Munchen und als Assistenzarzt (Irrenarzt) sich der Literatur zuwandte, hinterlief3 ein verwirrend vielseitiges Werk. Lyrik, phantastisch-groteske Erzahlungen, die oft an Poe erinnern, daneben eine beachtliche volks- und sittengeschichtliche Untersuchung, Philosophisches und Medizinisches haben die Rezensenten und Ku.nstrichter einigermal3en stutzen lassen2. Die Vielseitigkeit Panizzas tiusch- 1 geb. 12. 11. 1853 in Kissingen, gest. 30. 9. 1921 in Bayreuth. 2 Ein Beleg dafür, daß Panizza zum methodisch einwandfreien wissenschaft- lichen Arbeiten durchaus fähig war, liegt nächst der Münchner medizinischen Dissertation von 1881, die ihm das Gesamtprädikat "summa cum laude" ein- brachte - Referent war Professor Dr. von Ziemssen - in der noch heute nicht überholten Untersuchung: "Die Haberfeldtreiben im Bairischen Gebirge. Eine sittengeschichtlicheStudie", Berlin, S. Fischer Verlag, 1897, 102 S., vor. Mir stand ein Exemplar mit handschriftlichen Zusätzen Panizzas zur Verfügung. Denn wegen juristischer Vorwarnungen - Zensurgefahr - waren im Druck Stellen wegge- 126 te manchen dardber hinweg, daB seine an Heinrich Heine geschulte Satire und Polemik kaum Parallelen im 20. Jahrhundert finden durften, von Kurt Tucholsky einmal abgesehen. Panizza gehort in die Reihe der Schriftsteller, die man die "Neutoner" genannt hat. "Die Jugend" und Ludwig Thomas "Simplicissimus" waren die Organe der ironischen Kritik und des unortho- doxen Neuen. Unter die Namen, die auBerhalb kaiserlicher Fbrderung und oft in scharfer Opposition gegen den offiziellen Kunstbetrieb arbeiteten, geh6ren Halbe und Wedekind, Johann Michael Conrad, Panizza, aber auch die Gebruder Mann, Rilke, George und Hofmannsthal. 1895 lief3 Panizza sein "Liebeskonzil", "Eine Himmelstragodie in funf Aufzugen", erschei- nen. Er widmete es dem Andenken Huttens. Das Buch loste einen ungeheu- ren literarischen Skandal und eine Welle von Emporung in der öffentlich- keit aus. Die kirchlichen Blatter uberboten sich in Verdammungsurteilen, Panizza wurde wegen Gotteslasterung angeklagt und zu einjahriger Gefang- nisstrafe, die er in Amberg abbiigte, verurteilt. Fur die Offentlichkeit war damit der Fall Panizza einer "gerechten" L6sung zugefuhrt worden; man nahm wohl kaum noch zur Kenntnis, daB Panizza in einer Nervenheil- anstalt (Herzogh6he bei Bayreuth) sein Leben beendete (Schlaganfall). Als geschulter Nervenarzt blieb es Panizza nicht erspart, sein sich verschlim- merndes Leiden in seiner ganzen Bitternis durchstehen zu mussen. Am 17. 11. 1904 hat Panizza eine kurze "Selbstbiographie" verfaflt. Er stellt darin offen fest, mutterlicherseits aus einer "belasteten" Familie zu stam- men. "Die Mutter noch am Leben, jahzornig, energisch, starke Willens- person, fast mannliche Intelligenz. Vater starb an Typhus, war von italieni- scher Abstammung, leidenschaftlich, ausschweifend, jahzornig und gewandter Weltmann, schlechter Haushalter. Von den Geschwistern des Patienten sind die zwei ju.ngeren, wie Patient selbst in fruheren Jahren melancholischen Zufallen ausgesetzt gewesen. Jungere Schwester beging zweimal Selbstmord- versuch (vielleicht kompliziert mit Hysterie). In der ganzen Familie besteht pravalierende Geistestatigkeit mit Neigung zur Diskussion religioser Fragen. Mutter und Patient schriftstellern." Das literarische Werk Panizzas haben kompetente Beurteiler jungst wieder gewurdigt3. Deschner stellte fest, wenn- gleich mit einer gewissen Reserve, daB Panizzas flammender Hai3 auf Katho- lassen worden, die aber in "Neue deutsche Rundschau", 1894, nachgelesen werden können. 3 Hans Prescher (Hg.): Oskar Panizza. Das Liebeskonzil und andere Schriften, 1964; hier sehr gut orientierendes Nachwort und auf S. 264 ff. die gesamte ein- schlägige Literatur von und über Panizza; ferner Karlheinz Deschner: Oskar Panizza, in Wolfgang Buhl (Hg.): Fränkische Klassiker. Eine Literaturgeschichte in Einzeldarstellungen, Nürnberg 1971, S. 588-595; Ders.: Das Christentum im Urteil seiner Gegner, 2. Bd., Wiesbaden 1971, S. 7-28; letzterer Beitrag deckt sich in dem darstellenden Teil mit dem umfassenderen Beitrag bei Buhl, hinzu treten zahlreiche Zitate aus Panizzas Schriften, Kirche, Religion usw. betreffend. .
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