Sebuah Patirthan? the Site of Arjuna Metapa in Gianyar, Bali

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Sebuah Patirthan? the Site of Arjuna Metapa in Gianyar, Bali S,T8S AR-81A 0ETA3A D, G,A1YAR, BA/,: SEB8AH 3AT,RTHA1" THE S,TE 2F AR-81A 0ETA3A ,1 G,A1YAR, BA/,: A 3AT,RTHA1 (H2/Y BATH,1G 3/ACE)" 1askah diterima: 1asNah direvisi: 1askah disetuMui terEit: 22-04-2015 01-07-2015 07-07-2015 Coleta 3alupi Titasari Rochtri Agung Bawono 3rodi ArNeologi 8niversitas 8dayana Jl. 3ulau 1ias 1o. 13 Sanglah Denpasar Bali anMunary#yahoo.com raEawono#gmail.com AEstraN Tinggalan arNeologi yang ditemuNan selalu memiliNi NonteNs dengan Neruangan dan arsiteNtur Eangunan tertentu. DemiNian Muga halnya dengan temuan arNeologi yang ada di Situs ArMuna 0etapa Desa 3eMeng Gianyar. 3engungNapan seEuah patirthan (permandian suci) menMadi peneNanan penelitian ini EerdasarNan data penduNung temuan arNeologi yang terdapat di seNitar loNasi terseEut. 0etode yang digunaNan untuN menMawaE permasalahan terseEut diEagi atas dua Eagian yaitu pengumpulan data dan pengolahan data. Tahap pengumpulan data dilaNuNan dengan cara survei permuNaan, studi NepustaNaan, dan wawancara. Tahap pengolahan (analisis) data dilaNuNan dengan analisis Nualitatif- artefaNtual, analisis perEandingan dan Norelasi, analisis loNasional serta analisis physical traces. BerdasarNan data yang diperoleh dan analisis yang dilaNuNan maNa hasil penelitian ini menunMuNNan Eahwa Situs ArMuna 0etapa merupaNan seEuah patirthan atau permandian suci dengan pancuran yang diindiNasiNan dengan temuan 2 Euah arca pancuran di 3elinggih ArMuna 0etapa yaitu arca pancuran pertapa-ArMuna dan arca pancuran Eidadari. Data penduNung arca Eidadari Muga ditemuNan di 3ura Desa Bedulu yang memiliNi Nesamaan EentuN dan uNuran. BerdasarNan tutur diseEut Muga Eahwa daerah terseEut diNenal dengan nama 8ma Telaga atau dianggap seEagai daerah persawahan yang seEelumnya Eerupa telaga atau permandian. .edua data terseEut diduNung Muga oleh temuan prasasti Air Tiga yang ditemuNan di loNasi terseEut. 3enamaan Air Tiga NemungNinan mengacu Nepada Mumlah arca pancuran yang terdapat di loNasi terseEut yaitu satu Euah arca pancuran pertapa-ArMuna dan 2 Euah arca pancuran Eidadari. .ata Nunci: arca pancuran, patirthan, uma telaga AEstract Every archaeological remain is always found in context with certain space and Euilding architecture. This is also the case with the archaeological finds at the site of ArMuna 0etapa at 3eMeng 9illage in Gianyar, Bali. 8ncovering a holy Eathing place is the focus of this research, which is Eased on supporting data in form of archaeological data found within the location. The methods Eeing used to solve the proElem are divided into two: data collection and data analyses. Data collecting involves surface survei, EiEliographical study, and interviews, while data analyses include Tualitative-artifactual analysis, comparative and correlation analysis, location/spatial analysis, and physical traces analysis. Data oEtained from research and analyses reveal that the ArMuna 0etapa Site was a patirthan (holy Eathing place) with water spouts, indicated Ey two spouted statues on ArMuna 0etapa pedestal, which are meditating ArMuna spouted statue and angel spouted statue. Supporting data in form of an angel statue, which has similar form and size, was also found at the 9illage Temple (3ura Desa) of Bedulu. 2ral tradition also mentions that the area was Nnown Ey the name of 8ma Telaga and is Eelieved to Ee a rice field that was previously a lake or Eathing place. This is confirmed Ey the discovery of Air Tiga inscription in that location. The name Air Tiga (air means water and tiga means three) is proEaEly refer to the numEer of statues found in that location, which are one meditating ArMuna spouted statue and two angel spouted statues. .eywords: fountain statue, holy Eathing place, uma telaga 1. 3endahuluan pemanfaatannya Nini mengalami 1.1. /atar EelaNang pergeseran yaitu seEagian masih Eertahan 3enyeEutan Situs ArMuna 0etapa untuN aNtivitas keagamaan, tetapi ada Muga merupaNan wilayah persawahan yang yang sudah dimanfaatkan untuk pariwisata terletaN di selatan 3ura .eEo Edan atau (Titasari dNN. 2008, 57). :alaupun seEelah Earat .antor B3CB Gianyar. Situs demiNian, masih terdapat tinggalan- ArMuna 0etapa merupaNan salah satu tinggalan purEakala yang Eelum terungNap gugusan artefak yang terdapat di Daerah (ditemuNan) di sepanMang Daerah Aliran Aliran Sungai (DAS) 3etanu yang mengalir Sungai 3aNerisan dan 3etanu. dari daerah .intamani hingga 3antai .eragaman tinggalan arNeologi di Selatan Selat Badung. DAS 3etanu DAS 3etanu antara lain Candi .eleEutan, EerseEelahan dengan DAS 3aNerisan yang .ompleks Gua GaMah, dan relief Yeh 3ulu. memiliNi Neunikan dan kekhasan tersendiri 3eninggalan-peninggalan terseEut masih yaitu terdapatnya keaneNaragaman insitu dan terpelihara hingga seNarang. tinggalan akeologi yang hingga saat ini Daerah di antara Sungai 3aNerisan dan masih dapat dinikmati Neindahannya 3etanu Muga menyimpan Eeragam terutama di .aEupaten Gianyar. peninggalan lepas yang seNarang disimpan Tinggalan-tinggalan yang terletaN di di EeEerapa pura desa setempat, antara DAS 3akerisan .aEupaten Gianyar antara lain: 3ura 3enataran Sasih, 3ura lain: 3ura Tirta Empul, 3ura 3egulingan, 3edapdapan, 3ura Galang SenMa, 3ura 3ura 0engening, .omplek Candi Gunung 3usering -agat, 3ura .eEo Edan, dan .awi (45 Menis temuan), 3ura .eroEoNan, masih Eanyak lainnya. Situs ArMuna 0etapa Candi Agung 3ura 3enguNur-uNuran, merupaNan salah satu tinggalan arNeologi .ompleN Gua GarEa dan Candi yang terletaN di antara dua aliran sungai Tegaliinggah (10 Menis temuan) (.empers terseEut dan masuk dalam DAS 3etanu. 1991, 116). Temuan terseEut hampir 64 3ada masa lalu, penentuan setiap situs atau 78,05% loNasinya terletaN di tepi daerah atau wilayah yang digunaNan Sungai 3akerisan dalam caNupan seEagai Eangunan suci atau Eangunan .aEupaten Gianyar. DAS 3akerisan Muga Neagamaan harus sesuai dengan aturan dianggap penting dalam pertumEuhan dan dan pedoman yang sudah terpola perkemEangan .eraMaan Bali .uno (0undardMito 1993, 12; 2002, 11--3). Hal Nhususnya pusat kegiatan Neagamaan dan terseEut tampak pada Neteraturan pola pemuNiman (SriMaya 1996, 45--6). /oNasi temuan di EeEerapa Eangunan suci dan pusat Neagamaan yang EerNemEang di Neagamaan di ,ndonesia yang mengacu sepanMang DAS 3aNerisan, fungsi pada NitaE ,ndia .uno yaitu .itaE 9astusastra (terNait dengan aturan masuk suatu Eangunan suci. Hingga Eangunan arsitektur) dan Silpasastra sekarang indiNasi-indiNasi terseEut Eelum (terkait dengan lahan/sipil: 0anasara dan diduNung oleh temuan Eangunan tertentu di Silpa 3rakarsa). SeEagai contoh Eangunan Situs ArMuna 0etapa. suci selalu (harus) Eerada di antara dua BerdasarNan uraian di atas maNa aliran sungai dan EerdeNatan dengan air rumusan permasalahan pada tulisan ini (sumEer air) tertuang dalam .itaE Silpa 3rakarsa yang penerapannya antara lain: pendukung Situs ArMuna 0etapa diseEut Candi BoroEudur yang terletaN di antara seEagai Eangunan patirthan (permandian Sungai 2pak dan Sungai 3rogo (SantiNo suci)". 1996, 8-9), gugusan Candi 0uara -amEi TuMuan tulisan ini untuN mencari data (0undardMito 1984, 1-10), seEaran situs di pendukung terNait kemungNinan adanya Temanggung (Budiutomo 1988, 15), indiNasi permandian suci di seNitar Situs seEaran situs di Sleman dan Bantul ArMuna 0etapa dan mencari loNasi kolam Yogyakarta (0undardMito 2002, 197-214), suci terseEut. 3enelitian ini Muga EertuMuan dan seEaran situs di .aEupaten Gianyar memahami potensi pengemEangan situs Bali (SriMaya 1996, 182-202). DemiNian Muga arNeologi di sepanMang DAS 3etanu dan pemilihan lokasi untuN Neraton atau DAS 3aNerisan, sehingga dapat permuNiman diatur dalam kitaE terseEut di dimanfaatNan secara maNsimal untuN atas. daerah pengemEangan penelitian arNeologi Situs ArMuna 0etapa dengan temuan selain seEagai pengemEangan utamanya Eerupa arca pancuran seorang Nepariwisataan. pendeta mengidentifiNasiNan seEuah Tulisan ini diharapkan Muga mampu tempat yang mengacu pada suatu memEeriNan manfaat dan NontriEusi pada Eangunan patirthan (pemandian suci) pengemEangan ilmu pengetahuan, seperti yang terlihat Melas pada arca teNnologi, dan seni selain pencarian pancuran wanita di permandian Situs Goa artefaN-artefaN dan situs-situs Earu di GaMah. Arca pancuran terseEut Eiasanya .aEupaten Gianyar yang NemungNinan Eersandar di dinding dan seEagai tempat masih mengandung tinggalan yang Neluarnya air. Arca pancuran memiliki melimpah, sehingga dapat diMadiNan Nesamaan fungsi dengan Maladwara yang pengemEangan daerah penelitian Muga ditemuNan di NompleN ArMuna 0etapa Nhususnya Eidang keilmuan arkeologi di yaitu seEagai tempat keluarnya air, tetapi masa mendatang. EerEentuk maNara. Temuan lain Eerupa /oNasi yang diMadikan tempat Nala seEagai amEang suatu pintu penelitian adalah Situs ArMuna 0etapa yang mengindiNasiNan adanya Eangunan pintu meliputi wilayah persawahan seEelah selatan dan Earat 3ura .eEo Edan atau lereng dan tipe tanpa sandaran pada wilayah seEelah Earat .antor Balai lereng. Tipe yang Eersandar pada lereng 3elestarian 3eninggalan 3urEakala umumnya diEangun dengan memanfaatNan Gianyar hingga Sungai 3etanu. lereng-lereng tanah atau Eukit-EuNit di mana di EaliN Eukit terseEut terdapat 1.2. TinMauan 3ustaNa sumEer air. Tipe tanpa sandaran pada Air merupakan unsur alam yang lereng diEangun dengan menggali tanah sangat penting Eagi manusia, EaiN untuN datar tanpa adanya latar Eelakang yang Nehidupan sehari-hari maupun Negiatan Eersandar pada lereng atau EuNit dan mata Neagamaan. Guna mencuNupi keEutuhan air langsung mengalir dari dalam tanah di air untuk aNtivitas manusia terseEut, maka Eawah candi utamanya (3raMudi 1999, 213). diEuatlah sarana
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