Aisyah, Ethical Valuesin Kahlil Gibran’s Broken Wings 177

ETHICAL VALUESIN KAHLIL GIBRAN’S BROKEN WINGS

Rasyidah Nur Aisyah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Pasuruan [email protected]

Abstract: In the novel of “The Broken Wings” there are moral teachings which included in the ethical values involving human’s attitude towards God, nature, themeselves or even other human being. Also, there are some important messages for us. The researcher applies contentanalysis to research design. The researcher uses objective approach to analyze novel. The procedures of data collection are: reading the story intensively to understand of the story, finding the sentences, phrases, or even words that are research topic, and choos- ing the collected data that are suitable to the research topic. The result of this study divided into four kinds. First, two kinds of ethic to God; values on believing God’s existence and values Thankful to God. Second, two kinds of ethics to people, namely: saying greetings, appreciating guest and giving reward. Third, in ethics to ourselves divided into three categories. They are values of love, values of self-protection, and values of vigilance and the fourth, there is one kind in ethic to nature, namely: values of love to nature.

Keywords: literature, ethical values, moral message

Literature is an interesting topic to discuss because nature. Ethicsto God is an ethics that arranges rela- it has some potential values. As we know literature tionship between human and God. As the religious is one of the great creative and universal means of creatures, human believes in the existence of power communicating the emotional, spiritual or intellectual and highest substance, that is God, the human and potentials.Like fine music and art, literature is char- nature’s creator. By their consciousness human tries acterized by imagination, meaning fullness of expres- to bring themselves closer to God, keep them away sions and techniques.Therefore, there are some sup- from God’s prohibition and pray to God (Amir in portive ideas that support the writer to analyze a novel Mustofa, 1997:154). Then, it is important for human as there are some characters of human being exist to face, defend and expand their life with function in the story. every God’s creature in this world. In the novel of “The Broken Wings” there are Ethics to ourselves is ethics about human rela- moral teachings which included in the ethical values tionship with their live and way of living, human’s involving human’s attitude towards God, nature, way in defending themselves. The ethics provide a themeselves or even other human being. The re- basis and human’s life guiding that show the way searcher is very interested in analyzing the Khalil and rule should be done in their live. This ethics can Gibran’s novel because of The Broken Wings is a be used in interpreting life for each individual (Alwy virtous and beautiful story which offers insightful in Mustofa, 1997:174). The other words of ethic to ideas, opinion and thinking. The purpose of thisstudy ourselves are normative ethic. Normative ethic is are to describe the kinds of ethical values found in concerned with how we ought to live and act. Nor- “The Broken Wings” By Kahlil. The scope of the mative theory includes: Right action is an attempt to study is ethical values only which are found in “The say what it is for an action to be morally permissible, Broken Wings” by Kahlil Gibran. Basically, there are obligatory or wrong. Good life attempt to say what it four kinds of values in literary work, they are reli- is for a human to live well. And social justice in how gious values, philosophical values, ethical values and a society should be structured and how goods, liber- aesthetical values. In the novel analyzed, however, ties, and power should be allocated in a society. the central value is ethical values. Human’s ethics to people couldn’t be separated Therefore, the researcher seriously focuses on from their ethics to God. As individual and social analyzing ethical values in “The Broken Wings” by creature, human need norms or rules that arrange Kahlil Gibran. The ethical values cover: ethics to God, costumes and manner of their life in society and ge- ethics to people, ethics to ourselves and ethics to neral guide in living together (Amirin Mustofa,

177 178 Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasi & Sosial, Volume 7, Nomor 2, September 2016, hlm 177–186

1997:194). We must do something carefully in our The data of the study are paragraphs, events, activity if we want to get good respond from our and dialogues that exist in the sample of the study. society. Of course, we as social creature must have The data have been selected on the basis of the pro- good attitude towards other people. cess of the study. The steps of collecting data of this Ethics to nature is basically correlated to hu- study are as follows: (1) Reading and understanding man ethics to God that it involves in right, live, moral the novel and translating it in Indonesian if neces- message and cooperation values. Thus, every hu- sary; (2) Choosing data dealing with the problem man has an ethic to nature; it means he or she keeps which are going to be investigated; (3) Selecting the his or her own ethic to God (Amir in Mustofa, data as references, and (4) Conducting the re- 1997:166). In fact, nowadays many disasters happen searcher to obtain the data. in our country such as flood, earthquake and twister. In analyzing the data, the researcher selected It is caused by human acts that they cannot keep sentences, phrases, even words which contain ethi- their nature carefully. It is the human’s right as the cal values, analyzed the classified data, underlined creature of God to save the environment well. and coded the sentences, phrases, or even words, The researcher analyzed the literary work of and drawing a conclusion related to the research Kahlil Gibran, is one of the great literary. His literary topic. famous with it beauty language, mysticism, oriental style and his work has translated in twenty languages FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS around the world. Kahlil Gibran is not a good writer Ethics comes from Greek word ethos-moral only but he is also poet, philosopher, painter and art- character or custom. Ethic is the study of standards ist. He is genius popular, and famous man in the world of conduct and moral judgment; moral philosophy because his work. It is the reason why researcher (Wiersma, 1991:466). The term “morality” is used chooses Kahlil Gibran’s work to analyze. Many his as a general name for formal judgments, standards, great works are Nudzah Fi Fann Al Musiqoh (About and rules of conduct. Moral judgments are made not Music Art), Al-Arwah, Al-Mutamaridah (The reli- only about people’s actions but also their motives or gious Soul), Al-Ajniha Al-Mutakastira (The Broken reasons for doing them and about their more general Wings), The Prophet, The Earth God, Jesus Son of character traits.In this research, the researcher found Man, The Mad man, Between Night and Morn, Tears four kinds ethical values in the novel “The Broken and laugh, Wave and sand, The Garden of Man, etc. Wings”, they are: 1) ethics to God, 2) ethics to people, Kahlil Gibran was born in Beshari, Lebanon on 3) ethics ourselves, and 4) ethics to nature. January 6, 1883. He started to write in magazine from incidental experience. He was a reformer, a Ethics to God new creation from social innovation in modern Ara- Ethicsto God is ethics of human relation with bic literary. Kahlil Gibran reflected his painful life their God or relation between human with nature become a great literary. He has produced many works creator. As religious creature, human believes in the and the most wanted are his novel or his poetry. existence of the highest power substances, that is God. With prayer, human try to bring himself closer METHOD to God and keep him away from God’s prohibition In doing this research, the researcher applied (Amir in Mustofa, 1997:154). descriptive qualitative content analysisresearch. Ary The researcher divides ethics to God into two (2010) explains that content analysis is a research parts: 1) values on believing God’s existence, and 2) method applied to written or visual materials for the values on thankful to God. These values will be dis- purpose of identifying specific characteristic of the cussed in the following explanations. materials. Values on believing God existences means that The study used novel The Broken Wings by as a servant of God, humans live in the world by Kahlil Gibran published on 1999 year’s by Castle enjoying God’s blessing with all of his greatness, it Jogjakarta, as the main source of the data. The re- means there is a power that rules it. The greater searcher focuses on words, phrases, and sentences power makes human think that they are powerless to obtain ethical values that are related with the re- creature in the universe. Human as one of God’s sult of the study.The data which the researcher uses creatures must realize that their existences come in this study taken from the internet web-site on from God, however, humans have to confess on God’s August, 20 th 2016, namely; http://gutenberg.net.au/ existence through their existence and universe itself. ebooks05/0500551h.html. It can be seen from the data below: Aisyah, Ethical Valuesin Kahlil Gibran’s Broken Wings 179

Why, my Lord, hast Thou flung me upon the And I remained there lost in a deep sea of cold earth? Thou art powerful, and I am helpless; thoughts, absorbed in the world of revelation where why art Thou fighting me? Thou art considerate, and God sits on the throne and the angels write down the I am prudent; why art Thou destroying me? Thou acts of human beings, and the souls recite the trag- hast created woman with love, and why, with love, edy of life, and the brides of Heaven sing the hymns dost Thou ruin her? (Page: 20) of love, sorrow and immortality. (Page: 34). The researcher clearly finds values on believ- Being able to read and analyze the data above, ing God’s existence that consist of the data above. It Selma trusts and believes that one of God’s attributes shows that Selma believes in God’s existence. She is All-knowing. God has already sent his angels to also believes that God has created human being with write the acts of human beings. Selma realizes that love and God absolutely have power to determine human life is not just in the world but also in Hereaf- everything in this world. As creature of God, Selma ter, and human’s life in this world is very short. truly understands that all of creatures do not have Whether or not, whatever we do in the world brings power to do anything but only God’s power. to the true life or everlasting life (hereafter) because So help me, my Lord, to be strong in this deadly God will give reciprocations of it. struggle and assist me to be truthful and virtuous The children of men are the flowers of love and until death. Thy will be done. Oh, Lord God. (Page: compassion. The spirit of love and compassion never 20). dominated Selma’s beautiful home at Ras Beyrouth. The data underlined above explores that Selma Nevertheless, she knelt down on her knees every asks to God to create a power to solve her problems night before Heaven and asked God for a child in and she recognizes that God can not be separated whom she would find comfort and consolation. She from human’s life. So, she gives everything which prayed successively until Heaven answered her has happened in her life only to God because she prayers. (Page: 35) strongly believes that God will not grant some mis- From the data above showed that Selma suc- takes and troubles for human being if it is not their cessively prays and worships unto God because she hands. strongly believes that only God will grant it. As a Then she walked forward and reverently knelt capital creature, Selma always remembers of God, before the picture of Christ and kissed His feet, and keeps her spirit to God, and tries to be patient of she whispered, “Oh, Christ, I have chosen Thy Cross what has already happened in her life. She realizes and deserted Ishtar’s world of pleasure and happi- that the capital mission in her life is to gain God’s ness; I have worn the wreath of thorns and discarded love. the wreath of laurel and washed myself with blood Values on thankful to God means that humans and tears instead of perfume and scent; I have drunk must be grateful for God’s blessings, grants, and vinegar and gall from a cup which was meant for helps. Basically, every human cannot do anything. wine and nectar. Accept me, my Lord, among Thy They live in this world because of God’s mercies followers and lead me toward Galilee with those who and grants. Therefore, they must thank to God.It can have chosen Thee, contended with their sufferings be seen from the data below: and delighted with their sorrows.” (Page: 33) I was deeply engrossed in thought and contem- The data above explains that Selma believes that plation and seeking to understand the meaning of God is All-mercy and all charity and she considers nature and the revelation of books and scriptures that God loves all of His creatures more than they when I heard LOVE whispered into my ears through love themselves. She deeply knows that God will Selma’s lips. My life was a coma, empty like that of help and guide her life. She wants to gain the true Adam’s in Paradise, when I saw Selma standing happiness in the earth although she feels sad, bro- before me like a column of light. She was the Eve of ken heart, and suffer in her life. Anyone has expec- my heart who filled it with secrets and wonders and tation and dream to gain the true happiness in life. made me understand the meaning of life. (Page: 1) As religious people, she has claimed that all of them Being able to read the data above, the researcher are from God. She surrenders and gives to God her clearly finds the values on thankful to God. Kahlil self and her life in general because she does not Gibran expresses his thankfulness to God because wish far from God. She just wants to be a good people he can love Selma and he can give his soul and heart and stay with people who loved by God. In short, to Selma. Kahlil Gibran truly recognizes that he could she wants to touch the true happiness at the oppo- not love Selma without God’s love. God has already site of her suffers. sent Selma who makes Kahlil Gibran absolutely 180 Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasi & Sosial, Volume 7, Nomor 2, September 2016, hlm 177–186 understands the meaning of life. Furthermore, Love by love and purity. We should thank to God for His is everything in human being life. Love is the water giving because by the beauty of someone’s body and of life. Love is the source of the spirit in our life. soul, we can feel the beauty of love. Love can helps and guides us to gain the capital mis- When I could no longer resist the impulse, I sion and target in our life. If we truly love someone, went, on the weekend, once more to Selma’s home we can be a servant or slave. We will do anything — the shrine which Beauty had erected and which although it is a hardest thing as a dedication of our Love had blessed, in which the spirit could worship love. Our life sometime have handcuffed by love. and the heart kneel humbly and pray. When I en- Related with the data above, the word of “Eva” tered the garden I felt a power pulling me away from indicates of Selma. Kahlil Gibran argues that Selma this world and placing me in a sphere supernaturally is his Eva. We have known together that Eva is the free from struggle and hardship. Like a divine inspi- first woman who makes Adam completely under- ration who receives a revelation of Heaven, I saw stands the meaning of real life. It is impossible for myself amid the trees and flowers embracing each Adam to get the true happiness and gain the real other, and as I approached the entrance of the house easiness in paradise without Eva. I beheld Selma sitting on the bench in the shadow of Just then a beautiful young woman, dressed in a a jasmine tree where we both had sat the week be- gorgeous white silk gown, appeared from behind the fore, on that night which Providence had chosen for velvet curtains of the door and walked toward me. the beginning of my happiness and sorrow. (Page: Farris Effandi and I rose from our seats. “This is my 16) daughter Selma,” said the old man. Then he intro- The data above shows the expression of thanks. duced me to her, saying, “Fate has brought back to When Gibran enters a garden to see Selma, he feels me a dear old friend of mine in the person of his the power causing him to mysterious world far from son.” Selma stared at me a moment as if doubting a war and full of trees and flowers closely growing. that a visitor could have entered their house. Her The powers bringing him to a beauty feeling actually hand, when I touched it, was like a white lily, and a comes from God. strange pang pierced my heart.” (Page:5) The data above shows that fate of God has Ethics to People brought back a beautiful woman to Kahlil Gibran. Ethics to people are related to ethics to God. As He also thanks to God because his old friend, Farris an individual and social human, people should know Effandi has introduced his daughter (Selma) to him. the norms that arrange their way of living in the so- The tree of the cave blossomed to bear fruit at ciety (Amir in Mustofa, 1997:194). last. The nightingale in the cage commenced mak- In the novel “The Broken Wings”, the re- ing its nest with the feathers of its wings. Selma searcher divided ethics to people into three: 1) values stretched her chained arms toward Heaven to re- of appreciation, 2) values of brotherhood, and 3) ceive God’s precious gift and nothing in the world values of loyalty. In values of appreciation, the re- could have made her happier than becoming a po- searcher divides it into three: a) using titles, b) ap- tential mother. (Page: 35) preciating guests, and c) giving rewards. Values of thankful to God are not only shown by Kahlil Gibran, but also by Selma, she thanks and Values of appreciation expresses her deep grateful to God because she re- Values of appreciation are values that show a ceives God’s precious gift (a son). Selma has al- way done by people to give their respect to the other ready waited a son for a long time. Finally, God hears people. In this novel, the researcher divides values her hope and God gives a son for her. Nothing in the of appreciation in three categories. They are: using world could make women happier than becoming a titles, appreciating guests, and giving rewards. potential mother. Using titles in this study means that when a per- A woman whom Providence has provided with son talks to other people, he or she will use titles to beauty of spirit and body is a truth, at the same time show respect and it is usually used to give apprecia- both open and secret, which we can understand only tion to other people who are older, younger or people by love, and touch only by virtue; and when we at- who are assumed to be special because of his effort tempt to describe such a woman she disappears like to show love each others. Some expressions to ap- vapor. (Page: 7). preciate people could be seen from these data be- The data above shows that God has given women low: the beauty of body and soul that only can be touched Aisyah, Ethical Valuesin Kahlil Gibran’s Broken Wings 181

Selma, on that evening, was like a cup full of He makes the people believe that he is kind and heavenly wine concocted of the bitterness and sweet- noble. He is the head of religion in this land of the ness of life. Unaware, she symbolized the oriental religions. The people obey and worship him. He leads woman who never leaves her parents’ home until them like a flock of lambs to the slaughter house. she puts upon her neck the heavy yoke of her hus- (Page: 4). band, who never leaves her loving mother’s arms The statement above describes values of ap- until she must live as a slave, enduring the harshness preciation by using titles. The word of “Head of re- of her husband’s mother. (Page: 16). ligion” symbolizes the chosen people who truly be- The data underlined above explains individual lieves in God, has advance knowledge about religion, ethics to other people by using symbol or titles. Kahlil gives understanding for others people (ummat) about Gibran glorifies his wife (Selma) as symbol of other God and religion, and teaches other people in doing women. God’s order, God and commandment in christen is Selma is symbolized the oriental woman that firm called bishop. People called him bishop as respect in suffering because she never leave mother’s care. “This is my daughter Selma,” said the old man. She hardly makes effort to stay at home as house- Then he introduced me to her, saying, “Fate has wife, good woman, and having glorious ethics to her brought back to me a dear old friend of mine in the family although she becomes victim the harshness person of his son.” (Page: 5). of her husband’s mother. She has done the proper The data above shows values of appreciation. thing by them (family) even as slave or servant. She Farris Effandi introduces his daughter to Kahlil Gibran is a woman who is very proper to be followed the by calling her name (Selma). It indicates that he example of women in the earth. wants to make Kahlil Gibran opens close relation- The most beautiful word on the lips of mankind ship as brother and sister. In addition, He deeply is the word “Mother,” and the most beautiful call is knows how to create a nice situation by using a beau- the call of “My mother.” it is a word full of hope and tiful conversation for his guest. love, a sweet and kind word coming from the depths Appreciating the guests is done to show the of the heart. The mother is every thing. (Page: 25). hostess’ ethical attitude to their guests. A guest will Being able to read the data above, it shows that be happy because of the hostess’ respectful wel- mother is the beautiful title, which has been a woman come. We can see the data below: because it is our consolation in sorrow, our hope in One day, in the month of Nisan, I went to visit a misery, and our strength in weakness. We have friend whose home was at some distance from the known together, nothing the greater word of woman glamorous city. As we were conversing, a dignified except a word of “Mother”. Mother is the source of man of about sixty-five entered the house. As I rose love, mercy, sympathy, and forgiveness. Therefore, to greet him, my friend introduced him to me as Farris we can live in the world without mother’s love. In all Effandi Karamy and then gave him my name with the world these is no other to give us love like a flattering words. (Page: 4) mother. The underlined sentences above describe that One day Farris Effandi invited me to dinner at Kahlil Gibran’s friend respects to all of his guests. his home. I accepted my spirit hungry for the divine This conditions can bee seen from the way he intro- bread which Heaven placed in the hands of Selma, duces to each others as the way he introduced Gibran the spiritual bread which makes our hearts hungrier to Farris Effandi. It also shows individual respect the more we eat of it. It was this bread which Kais, among best friend. As social creature, we have to the Arabian poet, Dante, and Sappho tasted and appreciate and respect to our guests whoever they which set their hearts afar; the bread which the are, and we should show our humanity each other Goddess prepares with the sweetness of kisses and people. Philosophically, there is no social level in the bitterness of tears. (Page: 8). human being life. The data underlined above explains shows ethi- As I dismounted and entered the spacious gar- cal values of appreciation by using titles. The word den, I saw Farris Effandi coming to meet me. He “the bread” is not the types of light food. It uses ushered me into his house with a hearty welcome denotative meaning not denotative meaning or struc- and sat by me, like a happy father when he sees his tural meaning. The word “the bread” above symbol- son. (Page: 5) izes a good character, attitude, and politeness of The data above shows how Farris Effandi is Selma. Kahlil Gibran views Selma as a Goddess from appreciating his guest Kahlil Gibran. When Kahlil the sky. Gibran gets out of a cart, Farris Effandi comes to 182 Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasi & Sosial, Volume 7, Nomor 2, September 2016, hlm 177–186 welcomes. He welcomes Kahlil Gibran like father Giving rewards also can make other people feel what to his son. In this case, the ethical values are shown they have done is not useless. Moreover, when we in doing and saying greetings, appreciating guests, apply our respect by giving praise to other people and giving rewards. It indicates how Kahlil Gibran who have advantages. and Farris Effandi respect each other in order to create a nice situation and make them closer. Values of Brotherhood The old man was delighted to hear his daughter Values of brotherhood are values that tell people talking in such a manner and said, “Selma is very how to socialize in the society and family. As mem- sentimental. She sees everything through the eyes bers of society and family, people are expected to of the spirit.” Then he resumed his conversation with make broad and close relationship.. It can be seen care and tact as if he had found in me a magic which from the data below: took him on the wings of memory to the days of the Then he smilingly approached me saying, “You past. (Page: 6) are the son of a very dear friend of mine, and I am The data underlined above shows that Farris happy to see that friend in your person”. (Page: 4) Effandi talk to his guest with care and tact, factually The quoted data above shows that there is a when her daughter (Selma) begins to talk by using value of brotherhood which begins to lose its exist- wise word and beautiful language with her guest ence of human life. But in the contrary, it does not (Kahlil Gibran). It makes Kahlil Gibran flies and uses happen for Farris Effandi although he is in higher his wings to open again some memories in the days level than others. He holds higher the values of broth- of the past. erhood among them. Such as what he had done by I left the house. The old man accompanied me admitting his best friend’s son as his brother and to the edge of the garden, while my heart throbbed claiming Kahlil Gibran as his family. There is no a like the trembling lips of a thirsty man. (Page: 7) mistake when we firstly begins addressing even Being able to read the data above completely, though we have a different level. That is the beauty the researcher finds the values of appreciating guests. and the glory of brotherhood. It expresses how we must appreciate our guest who As I rose from my seat to depart, Farris Effandi has visited our house and what should we do for came close to me and said soberly, “Now my son, them as host. Related with the data, it is already our since you know your way to this house, you should duty to accompany and gather every guest having come often and feel that you are coming to your visited us until in front of our house when they ex- father’s house. Consider me as a father and Selma pect to go home. Such as the way Farris Effandi did as a sister.” Saying this, he turned to Selma as if to to his guest. He accompanied Kahlil Gibran until the ask confirmation of his statement. She nodded her end of his house, even though he had not known head positively and then looked at me as one who Kahlil Gibran for long time. has found an old acquaintance. (Page: 7) “I hope to find you here when I come back, for From the data above shows a good ethic and Selma will enjoy your company in this solitary place.” character one to another in social life. It appears a Saying this, he turned to Selma and, smiling, asked if good relationship between Farris Effandi and Kahlil she agreed. She nodded her head, but her cheeks Gibran. Actually, when Kahlil Gibran wanted to go became red, and with a voice sweeter than the mu- home from Farris’s house. Farris Affandi came close sic of the lyre she said, “I will do my best, Father, to to him and he invited Kahlil Gibran to come back make our guest happy.” (Page: 9) again to his house. In addition, not only he (Farris We have realized together that our guests will Effandi) claimed Kahlil Gibran as his son but also he feel happy and be saved in our house if we com- asks Kahlil Gibran to admit his daughter (Selma) as pletely respect and appreciate them. The data un- brother. derlined above show that we should make our guests In a few minutes the old man came out and feel more comfortable and be appreciated in our greeted me as usual. When he stretched his hand house. This way was shown by Selma when Kahlil toward me, I felt as if he were blessing the secrets Gibran visited to her house, especially when Selma that united me and his daughter. Then he said, “Din- has done the best for her guest. ner is ready, my children; let us eat”. We rose and Giving rewards is the way of human being to followed him, and Selma’s eyes brightened; for a show respect to others because of something that new sentiment had been added to her love by her has been done. It also shows people’s thankful ex- father’s calling us his children. (Page: 9) pression to what have been done by other people. Aisyah, Ethical Valuesin Kahlil Gibran’s Broken Wings 183

The data underlined above show that Farris he is still loyal to love her, although Selma is going to Effandi considers Gibran as his son. It’s showed marry with another man. when Gibran visits him, he directly stretch his hands I woke from my swoon hearing Selma saying to embrace. It looks like that he wants to unity Selma quietly, “Come by beloved, let us discuss the horrible and Gibran in order they belong to him. future before it comes, my father has just left the One day I heard Farris Effandi was ill. I left my house to see the man who is going to be my com- solitary abode and walked to his home, taking a new panion until death. (Page: 17) route, a lonely path between olive trees, avoiding the From the data above showed that Selma wants main road with its rattling carriage wheels. (Page: to show the loyalty by asking the discussion. She 24) wants to shares about their future with her beloved When Farris Effandi looked at me with his eyes (Kahlil Gibran). She still remembers with another half closed and said, “My son is a real brother to person to choose the decision, direction and the con- Selma as your father was to me. Be her help and clusion of some problem. Being able to realize the friend in need, and do not let her mourn, because explanation above, it’s mean the values of loyalty to mourning for the dead is a mistake. Repeat to her another person. pleasant tales and sing for her the songs of life so I answered her, saying, “I will do all you have that she may forget her sorrows. Remember me to said and will make my soul an envelope for your your father; ask him to tell you the stories of your soul and my heart a residence for your beauty and youth and tell him that I loved him in the person of my breast a grave for your sorrows. his son in the last hour of my life.” (Page: 27) I shall love you, Selma, as the prairies love Two paragraphs above explain that we must keep the spring, and I shall live in you in the life of a our relationship each other. We have to take care, flower under the sun’s rays. I shall sing your love, help, support, and advice each other to gain a name as the valley sings the echo of the bells of perfect life because we can’t live alone in this world. the village churches; I shall listen to the language As members of society and family, people are ex- of your soul as the shore listens to the story of pected to make broad and close relationship perfectly. the waves.(Page: 18) For example, if our neighbor is ill, we should visit During my youth, Love will be my teacher; him/her and give high motivation to maintain his/her in middle age, my help; and in old age, my de- life and heal or cure his/her healthy. light. My beloved Selma, love will stay with me to Related with the data, it was applied by Kahlil the end of my life, and after death the hand of Gibran and FarrisEffandi. When FarrisEffandi was God will unite us again.” (Page: 19) ill, Kahlil Gibran walked to visit him as soon as pos- Two paragraphs above show their loyalty or sible. Kahlil Gibran patiently stays besides him and faithfulness as a couple of lovers. The first data de- takes care with his healthy. At the time, FarrisEffandi scribes Kahlil Gibran’s loyalty to his girl friend, in gave advice and suggestion to Kahlil Gibran about which Kahlil Gibran was truly loyal to Selma. It also Selma as his brother to continue their relationship, describes that Kahlil Gibran deeply loves his girl the concept of life, the concept neighborhoods and friend. He promises to keep his love to beloved brotherhood. (Selma) and he will never leave Selma alone in the world. He will love Selma as the prairies love the Values of loyalty spring. In short, it means a loyalty to his girl and Values of loyalty are values of the quality of love. The last data shows that Kahlil Gibran will be being true and faithful in one’s support (Oxford, loyal to his love to Selma until the end of his life, or 1995:700). From the researcher herself, values of even Kahlil Gibran believes that his love will unite loyalty is values that express how to obey deeply to again after death. the norm, or rules in the people’s life. Spring departed, and so did summer and autumn, The data that shows the values of loyalty is like but my love for Selma increased day by day until it below: became a kind of mute worship, the feeling that an A week had passed. The love of Selma was my orphan has toward the soul of his mother in Heaven. sole entertainer, singing songs of happiness for me My yearning was converted to blind sorrow that could at night and waking me at dawn to reveal the mean- see nothing but itself, and the passion that drew tears ing of life and the secrets of nature. (Page: 15) from my eyes was replaced by perplexity that sucked The data underlined above describes that the blood from my heart, and my sighs of affection Gibran’s love power to Selma is described by that became a constant prayer for the happiness of Selma 184 Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasi & Sosial, Volume 7, Nomor 2, September 2016, hlm 177–186 and her husband and peace for her father. (Page: It is hard to answer these questions, but I say 22) truly that in that hour I felt an emotion that I had The data underlined above describes that Kahlil never felt before, a new affection resting calmly in Gibran’s loyalty to his girl and his love. His deep my heart, like the spirit hovering over the waters at yearning for Selma becomes a constant prayer for the creation of the world, and from that affection the happiness of Selma, her husband, and peace for was born my happiness and my sorrow. (Page: 6) her father. It means a loyalty one to another. The data above indicates a value of love. The values of love can be seen from the word “affec- Ethics to Ourselves tion”, he used to show feeling to his special girl, al- Ethics to ourselves is ethics about relationship though Kahlil Gibran has never faced the strong love between human with his way of living, human’s way before. He appreciates himself and realizes that he in defending themselves. The ethics become basis has feeling of love. So, he wants to take function of and human’s way of life that form direction and rule what he has had by loving a woman. that must be done in his individual life. This ethics Thus, the appearance of things changes accord- can be used in interpreting life for each individual ing to the emotions, and thus we see magic and (Alwy in Mustofa, 1997:174). beauty in them, while the magic and beauty are re- In this novel, the researcher divides ethics to ally in ourselves. (Page: 11) ourselves into three categories. They are: values of The quotation above implies values of love. It self-protection, values of love and values of vigilance. shows that Kahlil Gibran truly loves him self by glo- Values of self-protection mean that as civilizes rifying about himself. Love is everything in human human being, it is important to protect themselves. It being life. It means that there is no beauty (great- is done because of the reason that human being must ness) in our life without love. But our love to our- keep and take responsibility for his body and life.In selves is the essential thing, it must be more than detail, we can see the data below: anything else. Whether or not, we can love to other In that year I was reborn and unless a person is people including our parents, wife/husband, children, born again his life will remain like a blank sheet in and friends because of our love to ourselves. the book of existence. In that year, I saw the angels Values of vigilance mean that watchfulness in of heaven looking at me through the eyes of a beau- respect of danger or hazard. Values of vigilance mean tiful woman. I also saw the devils of hell raging in that in their individual life, people must be careful the heart of an evil man. He who does not see the and think first before doing something. This attitude angels and devils in the beauty and malice of life will is very important for human, because if we have not be far removed from knowledge, and his spirit will this attitude we will suffer and regret later.We can be empty of affection. (Page: 3) see data below: The data underlined above shows how Kahlil Solitude has soft silky hands, but with strong fin- Gibran protect and take care to himself in gaining gers it grasps the heart and makes it ache with sor- the true happiness and beauty of life. The angels row. Solitude is the ally of sorrow as well as a com- and devils stay besides of human life, in which they panion of spiritual exaltation. (Page: 3) readily guide human to the rightness and beauty of The data underlined above indicates values of life or plunge into darkness and the empty of happi- vigilance as Kahlil Gibran’s Statement “Solitude has ness. He realized that human are more perfect than soft silky hands, but with strong fingers it grasps the other creatures to determine and save themselves. heart and makes it ache with sorrow”. It means that As a capital creature in the earth because of our human must attentive and take care of our life in reason and passion not like animals to control our every situation and condition. As human, we do not humanity, of course, human have to defeat Satan or assume inconsequential to something small. Do we devil in our life. But in the contrary, if devil has con- ever imagine that the deepest of love will change trolled ourselves, our spirit will be empty of affecta- the higher of hateful? Nothing is impossible in this tion. world and our life also. Therefore, we should atten- Values of love mean that God has given all parts tive and take care in keeping our life in this world if of human body, mind, and all parts. So, the owner we want to gain the real happiness. must love and take care of them.It could be seen One thought will come to you at night which from the data below: will elevate you to glory or lead you to asylum. One look from a woman’s eye makes you the happiest Aisyah, Ethical Valuesin Kahlil Gibran’s Broken Wings 185 man in the world. One word from a man’s lips will means that Kahlil Gibran applies a good ethic to na- make you rich or poor. (Page: 10) ture. He cannot be separate with a beautiful nature, From the data above shows how Kahlil Gibran in which creates an inspiration for him and help him keep his eyes to look a beautiful women and how he to remember some experience and memories in the apply a good ethic with different genres. It indicates past. that he is very careful in doing anything and saying In the spring of the wonderful year, I was in something. In addition, Kahlil Gibran teaches that Beirut. The gardens were full of Nisan flowers and the weakness of woman is her ears. One word from the earth was carpeted with green grass, and like a a man’s lips will make a woman rich or poor. A secret of earth revealed to Heaven. The orange trees woman is sensitive with beautiful language because and apple trees, looking like hours or brides sent by the woman comes from mildness and softy. nature to inspire poets and excite the imagination, Suppose that Farris Effandi had resisted the were wearing white garments of perfumed blossoms. Bishop and refused his wish; then Selma’s reputa- (Page: 3) tion would have been ruined and her name would The data underlined above states that the value have been blemished by the dirt of lips and tongues. of love to nature is very clear. People in Beirut take In the opinion of the fox, high bunches of grapes that care to the environment around them. It could be can’t be reached are sour.(Page: 15) proved by many people interesting places there such The quoted data above states a value of vigi- as many beautiful flowers, the fresh apples, and orange. lance. It could be appeared by Farris Effandi’s atti- In short, nature is full of advantages, for example, tudes to Bishop. What Farris Effandi has done, ac- when human wan to do relaxing and picnic, they visit tually, it is to avoid the badness of Selma’s name in beautiful places to see mountains, hills, plants, flow- the public. He realizes that it is no use resisting the ers, green grass and so on. However, human may Bishop’s statement. He does not resist the Bishop not destroy the population of them and they must because he wants to attentive the name of his love show a good ethic by maintaining them. in the judge of public. In the morning, when I walked in the fields, I saw the token of Eternity in the awakening of na- Ethics to Nature ture, and when I sat by the seashore I heard the Human’s relationship with nature is one funda- waves singing the song of Eternity. And when I mental thing in human’s life. They cannot separate walked in the streets I saw the beauty of life and the themselves from nature and have to use it well, so splendor of humanity in the appearance of passers- nature can also give happiness and balance. Ethics by and movements of workers. (Page: 15) to nature means the costumes and manners in ar- The data above indicates that there is a pleas- ranging human’s relationship with surroundings na- ant being faced by Kahlil Gibran. The interesting place ture (Mustofa 1997: 166). causes him to completely love it. Nature has become The researcher found ethics to nature consist as symbol of his life and he has taken enough les- of values of love to nature which was indicated the sons from nature. A word “morning” above symbol- admiration of human at the amazing and beauty of izes a spirit and motivation in life. By doing so, he nature. Values of love to naturemeans that human implies his ethic and respect to nature as he stated “ admire the beauty of nature as God’s creation. So, when I sat by the seashore I heard the waves sing- they must maintain it and never destroy it.. It could ing the song of Eternity”. be found from the data below: In the evening, it will cause me to pause before Every time I close my eyes I see those valleys sunset to hear nature’s farewell song to the light of full of magic and dignity and those mountains cov- day and will show me ghostly clouds sailing in the ered with glory and greatness trying to reach the sky. At night, Love will embrace me, and I shall sleep, sky. Every time I shut my ears to the clamor of the dreaming of the heavenly world where the spirits of city I hear the murmur of the rivulets and the rus- lovers and poets abide. In the Spring I shall walk tling of the branches. (Page: 2) side by side with love among violets and jasmines From the data above, it is described that how and drink the remaining drops of winter in the lily Kahlil Gibran so satisfied when he is remembering cups. In summer we shall make the bundles of hay his memory in the past. The beauty and the freak of our pillows and the grass our bed and the blue sky nature of north Lebanon are very clear in his eyelid. will cover us as we gaze at the stars and the moon. He does miss that situation from the crowded city, (Page: 19) but it can calm his heart down feeling so worried. It 186 Jurnal Ilmiah Edukasi & Sosial, Volume 7, Nomor 2, September 2016, hlm 177–186

It was beautiful midnight, we could see the cres- Self-Protection, values of love, and values of vigi- cent moon rising from behind Mount Sunnin, and it lance. And the fourth, ethic to nature include values looked in the midst of the stars, like the face of a of love to nature. corpse, in a coffin surrounded by the dim lights of The writer hopes that the readers will learn more candles. And Lebanon looked like an old man whose about literary works especially the novel and about back was bent with age and whose eyes were a the ethical values in literary works and take lesson haven for insomnia, watching the dark and waiting from the moral messages found in this novel.The for dawn, like asking sitting on the ashes of his throne writer hopes that this research will be useful for the in the debris of his palace. (Page: 21) readers, particularly for the students of English De- The two paragraphs above show that Kahlil partment. It is suggested that further studies can Gibran keeps his ethic to nature. He never forgets conduct an analysis in the same object but in different to facade nature every single time by using beautiful perspective. language and symbolizes it unto his real life. Nature completely gives contribution to him such as source REFERENCES of inspiration, motivation, spirit, etc. Ary, D. Jacobs, L. C. and Sorensen, C. 2010. Introduction In addition, the researcher does not want to to- to Research in Education. Canada: Nelson Educa- tally discuss about the advantages of nature but the tion, Ltd. researcher would like to asks the readers how deep Mustofa, Mutmainnah. 1997. Ekspresi Nilai Budaya our love to nature and how far we keep to maintain dalam Teks “Mamaca” Nabi Josep. Unpublished all of them. thesis. Pasca Sarjana IKIP Malang Mustofa, Mutmainnah. 2005. Introduction to Literature. English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Education. UNISMA. From the result of the study, the writer draws a Oxford Dictionary Learner’s Pocket. 1995. New Edition. conclusion for the first problem that there are four Oxford: Oxford ethical values. First, ethics to God involves values Wiersma, W. 1991. An Introduction: Research Methods on believing God’s existence and values on thankful in Education, 5th Ed. Massachusetts: a Division of to God. Second, ethics to people involves values of Simon ad Schuster, Inc appreciation, values of brotherhood, and values of http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0500551h.html, ac- th loyalty. Third, ethics to ourselves include values of cessed on August 20 2016.