Energy Transformation

Energy What is Energy Energy

What is energy and how it is The ability to do work and like measured? work it is also measured in joules.

The sum of all energy, potential and kinetic within a specific What is mechanical energy? system. It is the total amount of energy that an object has due to

its position, orientation (if it’s stretched or compressed) and its motion. Mechanical Energy

Machines will convert one to another in order to do work. Energy

What are some of the forms of energy?

Potential Kinetic Sound Solar (light) Thermal (heat) Electrical (STORED) (MOTION) Energy What are some other forms of energy?

Chemical Elastic Gravitational Nuclear Electromagnetic

Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only change forms Energy

What is potential energy? It is stored energy. Energy is stored by doing work against a force and waiting to be used.

Potential energy is due to position or chemicals.

The higher the object is, the

greater its potential energy. Forms of Potential Energy

What is chemical potential energy It is the energy that is stored in and some examples? the bonds and attractions within and between the atoms of molecules. When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction,

chemical potential energy is released.

Examples include food for organisms, fossil fuels that can burn, hydrogen, and batteries.

Forms of Potential Energy

What is elastic potential energy It is the energy that is the results and some examples? from stretching or compressing an object.

Examples include springs, rubber bands, and other elastics objects.

When a spring is stretched, work has been done to deform the

spring, resulting in increased potential energy. Forms of Potential Energy

What is gravitational potential It is potential energy that is energy and some examples? related to an objects height above ground. It directly proportional to the object’s mass, height, and the acceleration due to gravity. When

two object’s mass are equal, the object with the greater height has the greater gravitational potential energy.

Example are anything that can fall to include ski jumpers, planes and climbers. Examples of Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy increases as weight and height increase Forms of Potential Energy Kinetic and Potential Energy cartoons!! Energy

What is kinetic energy? It is the energy that an object has due to its motion. It can be harnessed and transformed into other kinds of energy.

The amount of kinetic energy an

object has is related to its mass and velocity.

The greater the velocity and mass of an object, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy increases as mass and velocity increases. Forms of Kinetic Energy

What is radiant (light) energy and It is energy that is transmitted in some examples? the form of electromagnetic waves. Radiant energy does not need a medium to travel through.

Examples include visible and infrared light form the sun,

human-made objects that emit radiant energy to include light bulbs and street lights. Glow worms are organisms that produce light energy. Forms of Kinetic Energy

What is thermal (heat) It the energy of an object due to energy and how is it used? random motion of its particles. The faster the particles move, the greater the thermal energy and temperature. Heat is transferred from warmer to colder objects.

Anything above absolute zero

(-2730 C) has heat energy.

Heat energy can be produced from matter that undergoes a chemical change or from another form of energy.

It helps produce electricity, steam, and boils water. Forms of Kinetic Energy

What is sound energy and how It is the form of energy that is does it travel? carried by sound waves as they travel through a medium, such as air. Sounds are produce by vibrating objects and travel through various materials. The speed depends on what it is traveling through.

Examples includes anything noisy It travels more quickly through that gives off sound energy like more elastic substances. It vocal chords, speakers, and travels faster in water than air and instruments. cannot travel through a vacuum such as outer space. Forms of Kinetic Energy

What is electrical energy and It is the energy associated with where can we find it? charged particles such as electrons. When the particles are moving or flowing in a current, the energy is electricity. It travels through conducting materials like wires.

Electrical energy is very useful, because it can be generated from other types of energy and transported to new locations. It Some items to produce it include can be transformed into heat, batteries, solar cells, generators, light, sound, or mechanical flowing water, moving air, and burning fossil fuels. energy. Converting Forms of Energy

D E

A B C All potential energy All kinetic energy All potential energy (stops for an instant) (greatest speed) (stops for an instant) P.E. = 10 J K.E. = 10 J P.E. = 10 J K.E. = 0 J P.E. = 0 J K.E. = 0 J D E Potential energy & Potential energy & Kinetic energy Kinetic energy P.E. = 5 J; K.E. = 5 J P.E. = 4 J; K.E. = 6 J How to Measure Energy

• Kinetic Energy • KE = ½mv2

• Potential Energy • PE=mgh (mass (x) gravity (x) height) gravity=9.8m/s2

• Temperature • Thermometer • Joules=1kg m/s2 Other forms Energy

What are some other forms of Nuclear Energy is release only energy? from nuclear reactions e.g. the sun and all of the stars. Hydrogen

bomb (Fusion) and Nuclear power plants and the Atomic bomb. (Fission) All of this energy comes from mass of atoms.

Wind energy is an exhaustible resource that comes form the movement of air heated by the sun.

Hydroelectric Energy is electrical energy converted from kinetic energy of falling water. Use information you’ve learned to respond to the following question. Use evidence from your resources to support your response. Answer:

Evidence to support my answer: Use information you’ve learned to respond to the following question. Use evidence from your resources to support your response. Answer:

Evidence to support my answer: Energy Transformation

What is Energy The process in which energy Transformation? changes from one form to another. Energy is constantly being transformed. versa. Energy Transformation

What is the Law of Conservation It states that the total amount of Energy? of energy in a system remains constant. Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

It can only move from one object to another or change from one kind or form of energy to another , such as when energy changes from potential to kinetic and vice versa. Law of Conservation of Energy - Rules

Energy going in is ALWAYS EQUAL to energy coming out.

There is ALWAYS WASTED ENERGY during any transfer.

In most cases the wasted energy is usually heat and so most energy transformations include heat. Energy is Never Transformed 100%

Engines do not transform 100% of the chemical energy from gasoline into kinetic energy.

Bicycles do not transform 100% of the energy from the biker into motion.

Energy is NOT “lost”, it’s just transformed to heat. Energy Transformation - Examples

Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies.

Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground.

change from chemical energy to radiant, acoustic, or electrical energy change from kinetic energy to potential energy change from nuclear energy to light, chemical, or mechanical energy change from almost any other form of energy to heat energy Energy Transformation - Examples

✴ burning match • chemical to heat and light ✴ portable torch • chemical to heat and light ✴ microphone • sound to electrical ✴ radio • electrical to sound and heat ✴ television • electrical to sound and light and heat ✴ catapult • elastic to kinetic and heat ✴ cell phone • chemical to sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and heat ✴ car • chemical to kinetic and sound and heat

In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. The Law of Conservation of Energy states: Energy cannot be destroyed or created only change forms.

Heat and Energy Transformations

What happens in the Ex. Some of the energy of an transformation? exploding star radiates through space as heat. Some of the stored

chemical energy in the human

body converts to heat when it is released to help grow new living cells or to make the body move.

Energy can also be lost as heat during transfer of the same type of energy, i.e. the moving gears of a machine lose heat energy due to friction as mechanical motion is transferred from one gear to another. Heat and Energy Transformations

Here is an example of heat and energy transformation.

Riding a bicycle transforms stored chemical energy in his body to make his legs pedal the bicycle. During this transformation, some of the energy is lost as heat. Also, some of the mechanical energy he is putting into the bike is lost as heat due to friction between the bike's gears. Transformation of Energy

How does kinetic and potential As objects or organisms move, they energy transform and provide may gain potential energy and lose and example? kinetic energy, or they may gain kinetic energy and lose potential energy.

For example, the total amount of energy in this yo-yo stays the same at all times, but the amount of kinetic As the yo-yo falls, the potential and potential energy changes with energy is transformed into the position of the yo-yo. When the kinetic energy because it is yo-yo is at its highest position (before moving. When the yo-yo goes it falls), all of its energy is in the form back up, the kinetic energy is of potential energy. transformed back into potential energy again.

Transformation of Electrical Energy

How is electrical energy It is the energy associated with transformed? moving electric charges. It is an extremely useful form of energy, since it is easily generated from other forms of energy, easily transported, easily distributed, and easily transformed into other forms of energy.

Many household items transform electric energy (in the form of electricity) into other types of energy. Transformation of Electrical Energy

Examples of electrical energy transformation.

• Ceiling fans transform electric energy into kinetic energy. • Toasters, electric heaters, and electric stoves transform electric energy into thermal energy. • Televisions transform electric energy into sound energy and light (radiant) energy.

Electric energy can also be stored in batteries (as chemical potential energy) and in generators (often as elastic potential energy). Transformation of Radiant Energy

How is nuclear (radiant) Nuclear energy is converted into energy transformed? radiant energy (light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation) that travels through space. Radiant energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and converted into heat energy.

Plants are able to convert radiant energy from the Sun into chemical energy, stored in the food created by photosynthesis. When consumers, such as humans, eat plants, the chemical energy is converted into mechanical and heat energy. Transformation of Chemical Energy

How is chemical energy Chemical energy is energy that an transformed? object or material has because of the bonds, or attractions, holding the particles of the material together. Batteries contain chemical energy. Fossil fuels contain chemical energy that is released when the fuels are burned. Food contains chemical energy that is released by our bodies and used to perform life processes. Transformation of Chemical Energy

Common transformations of chemical energy Additional Energy Resources

• http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/all-ab out-energy.html

• http://www.cstephenmurray.com/onlinequizes/physics/workand energy/kineticvspotentialenergy.htm

• http://www.learningcircuits.co.uk/flashmain.htm

• http://www.learner.org/interactives/parkphysics/parkphysics.h tml Use information you’ve learned to respond to the following question. Use evidence from your resources to support your response. Answer:

Evidence to support my answer: Use information you’ve learned to respond to the following question. Use evidence from your resources to support your response. Answer:

Evidence to support my answer: