! Flying Dutchman Bulletin Nr, 161 January 2014

! FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

EUROCUP 3 OKK - DUTCH NO 60TH ANNIVERSARY

Invitation for: OPEN DUTCH CHAMPION- VENUE The venue is Sneekermeer, which is located in SHIP the Dutch province Friesland, in the North of Holland and famous for all it’s lakes. KWS itself As president and on behalf of the Dutch Flying is located on “The Starteiland” and ofers every- Dutchman Class Organisation we would like to thing you could possibly need for a successful invite all of you to compete against our DUTCH and relaxing Championship on the water. Be- & WORLD CHAMPIONS - NED 26 -. cause of its unique venue, spectators can watch the races from a short distance. ROYAL YACHTCLUB We are very proud to be able tell you that the organizing committee is the Royal Yacht Club Sneek (KWS) which has one of the finest race- committees in the Netherlands. Race-ofcer Piet van der Zwaag and his team members are very skilled and the KWS has hosted since 1934 the SNEEKWEEK, the biggest Dutch sailing event with more then 1000 entries and over 100.000 spectators in the first week of August.

DATE The date is set for 16th, 17th and 18th of May 2014.

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JUST ASPECT SOMETHING OUT OF THE ORDINARY

DURK SCHROOR NED-29 A member of the KWS who will make everything possible happen at his yachtclub.

WILLEKE ZANDSTRA NED-341 60 YEARS NFDO Known as the girl next to the tall Kestrelli. Who The 2014 Open Dutch Championship will be sailed here maiden FD-event in 2012 at the age something special. Besides the races, the Dutch of almost ..... NO, is celebrating their 60th anniversary; so RIK APPELO NED-21 alongside the sailing there will be a spectacular The owner of a splendid BOB HOARE who con- social program. We would very much like to vinced us that there can’t be a 60th anniversary celebrate this party with all of our FD-friends. without old woodies. So we have a special proposal for foreigners. RONALD STALMAN NED-18/341/21 Our VP-communications who is always willing BONAIRE to help out organizing something. The Dutch 2014 celebrations already started in MANY OTHERS Bonaire. Besides these four names there will be a dozen The first Caribbean Championship on Dutch more who will help out with hosting this great soil won by NED 4, Klaas Tilstra & Paul van der event. Pol (see report in the next Bulletin). EVENT INFO Just visit the Dutch-website to get all details about the event. www.sailfd.com

WHY SHOULD YOU COME? To pay respect to Conrad Guelcher & Uss van Essen who founded the class? To honor Clé Jel- tes who would have been proud to be part of this event? Yes to all of the above, but also to have a fan- tastic event with 9 races. To become interna- tional Dutch-champion by beating Ard en Enno. To enjoy the great atmosphere of the FD- family. But especially because this one will be extraor- dinary. FEESTCIE FEEST Means party and we have a committee you’ve ain’t seen nothing yet. that will make this party happen. Let us intro- duce them:

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Flying Dutchman Bulletin Periodical of the International Flying Dutchman Class

Editorial Ofce: Van Goghstraat 27, 9718 MP Groningen The Netherlands email: [email protected]

Dear Fellow Sailors, the high-end racing dinghy as it Contents 2 OKK & NFDO 60 party is today. Maybe it is still ‘de- 4 Editorial In 2014 the FD is ruling the veloping’, but not with much 5 President’s Letter waves for already 60 years. need, today it is a different 8 The future of IFDCO 11 Interview with .... Reason for celebration, but also world! Now every modern din- 16 Pacific Flying Dutchman the moment for some retro- ghy has windows, trapezes and 21 Eurocup 2014 spective thoughts. many other features we all 21 1st 2014 already history 23 Bigger spinnaker talks know from the FD. In that 29 Match-race Berlin In the early days of the FD, prospect the FD always took 26 Interview with Dirk Bogumil 32 Charter boats regatta-sailing was an elite the leading part. 33 UK-nationals 2013 sport, which was definitely not 34 Dr. Gizmo affordable for all people. Nev- That our class still is very much 36 ... shape your foils 43 Next Bulletin ertheless, Conrad Gülcher was alive you can read in this issue: 44 Worlds 2014 Largs striding to have sailing regattas two interesting articles about within the reach of anybody modern FD building and discus- Colofon with zest and joy in sailing, and sions and opinions about the Issue: Year 62, nr. 161 not at least to bring the FD future of our beloved boat. Alberto Barenghi, John Best, Class to many sailors interest. Dirk Bogumil, Duane Ehringer, Dr. Gizmo, Ard Geelkerken & This is one of many reasons why But let us never forget the Enno Kramer, Ronald Stalman. the FD was a relatively simply most important part of Conrad design and much room was given ’s plan: making sailing possible Printing to sailors to layout their boats for a greater number of lovers, Sportservice Noord-Holland b.v. to their personal wishes. Boats and thus increasing the number Advertisement were also built for recreational of ‘FD family-members’. Yachtservice Bogumil, Planatech, Marine Pool, daysailing with smaller gibs and Gottifredi Mafoli, Pedreti simplified layouts. So let us keep the message as imorchi, BM Sails, Sailsupply.nl, Pacific Flying Dutchman LLC. simple as the boat and vice The FD became a ‘development’ versa: Join the Family and Sail class and with many first-time FD! Spread these words! Editors FD-Bulletin features like sail-windows, tra- Louk Nelissen, Ronald Stalman peze etc. our class evolved to Happy sailing,

Editor FD-Forum Sjors Riemslag

! PAGE 4 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

President’s Letter

President IFDCO Edward Cox (AUS – 7)) as new IFDCO members making Dr. Alberto Barenghi General Secretary, themselves available to be Paul Hemker (USA – 3) as V.P. involved in the Class life and Technical and management. Lecco, 29-11-2013 Tony Lyall (GBR – 388) as V.P. Development. I strongly believe that we have to improve the team- Dear friends, On behalf of the entire FD work in the Management of as always, I family and the IFDCO GC I the Class, largely by improv- thank you very much for your thank again Peter Doran and ing communications between engagement in this strategic Peter Hinrichsen for their us. This is required to ensure time in promoting and sup- commitment and work over the continuity, reliability and porting the Class all over the many years as General Secre- growth of the Class, and to World with your attendance tary an V.P. Technical. help all the national fleets to to the IFDCO International We look forward thanking attend the major events . activities. them in person and remem- This is essential to the pros- bering their dedication at perity of the class is ensuring Moreover, let me thank all the next World Champion- the continuous evolution and the Ofcers involved in the ship in Largs. promotion of the FD. Class management. Now, as I already wrote in my Considering the financial cri- The FD sailing season 2013 previous letter, the topic “IF- sis, we have to evaluate the will finish with the Dutch An- DCO strategies and restruc- expected attendance of tilles Championship in Bon- turing”, reflecting the views teams to the Worlds and ma- aire, and we are already expressed by the member- jor events 2014. For this rea- looking forward to the next ship and by us, and is the son, I would suggest the FD year that will ofer us beauti- main topic to warrant the sailors to send their Entries ful challenges with the World growth and promotion of FD to the Worlds in Largs and Championship 2014 in Scot- to a new generation of sail- Sydney, very much ahead of land, a rich series of Euro ors. It is the intention of the time, to allow the IFDCO and Cup events and the next IFDCO General Committee to the Organizing Committee to World Championship in Syd- implement the view of the predict the attendances and ney at the end of 2014. All competitors meeting on all organize the best way of those events will give us the subjects, including the ap- shipping. chance to sail with our fleets pointment of ofcers, in ac- and promote FD all over the cordance with the IFDCO World. Foundation Rules. This may mean that Competitors Fo- The year 2013 has been very rum’s will be more struc- important for the FD family tured, because these are the to finalize the renewal of the means by which we commu- Class, according to the new nicate. Bye – Laws since January 2013. At the end of 2014 my dead- This new deal for the FD line as President and the Class, began with the elec- deadline of Fred Schaaf as tion of 3 new Ofcers during Treasurer will finish. So, the the last AGCM in Balaton- IFDCO will have to appoint foldvar, as follows: new Ofcers and we are looking forward to seeing

! PAGE 5 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

President’s Letter

A good feed-back for our who have expressed their in- our International participa- Class is the number of new terest to supply a specific kit tion, and I thank each Secre- boats built in 2013, and the of tapered sheets and hal- tary for their kind availability. second hand boats market, yards which will be sold that seems to show a great through the Class. In 2015, due to the global interest in and around the crisis, it was agreed that in- FD. Another possibility is a con- stead of a European Champi- tact with a Sailing Wear Com- onship, it would be better to With regard to the IFDCO pany and should be the pos- increase the attendance of Sponsorship, the work is go- sibility of finding sponsors to teams to the EuroCup events, ing ahead to finalize contacts support the shipping costs in order to avoid a split of with some brands, interested and those represent our im- the fleet and encourage the in a gentleman’s agreement portant challenges. attendance to the Worlds in to supply our Class with With Frank Nooijen and Jan Sydney. services. The Registration of Lechler appointed as the FD the IFDCO Logo, now done in people in charge for the In 2016, to maintain the in- The Nederland, Europe and Transportation, we will agree ternational status of the FD USA should satisfy the com- the best shipping solution. Class as the premier high mon request by potential performance one design din- sponsors who want an exclu- So, the main goal is to im- ghy, a strong World Champi- sive contract for their prod- plement Transport grants onship will be organized in ucts and services. and Sponsorship to ensure a Steinhude (Germany) . great attendance to the next Further proposal for future Of course, we need to renew World Championships in venues has been presented the selling procedure of the Largs and Sidney, as well as by Russia, Italy, Slovenia and FD Shop and promotion to the Euro Cup series. Nederland. through the Class website Those selection of venues and by recruiting new spon- In addition, the chance to which will promote large sors. charter boats for non- fleets and support the exist- European teams needs, ing fleet, remains a challenge Actually, we are negotiating through the biggest national for the IFDCO Committee. with the brand “Gottifredi & Class Secretaries in Europe is Mafoli”, producers of ropes, the best approach to enhance

! PAGE 6 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

President’s Letter

Anyway, the chance to con- that role as well after the The actual technical topics tinue the European Champi- Sydney Worlds. Ronald an- already discussed in the last onship has not been aban- nounced that he, for the AGCM in Balatonfoldvar are : doned forever; moment, is not thinking loose footed mainsail and it will be considered, time by about reappointing. For the electronic compass. time, according to the atten- future, we need continuity in With regard to those issues, dance of the FD fleets to the this job, strategic for the the Technical Committee is major International events. Class image. So we hope going ahead to propose the Moreover, the IFDCO is al- someone will step up to proper amendments to the ways reviewing the decisions maintain the progress Ronald related Rules, that will be about the best location and has established to create. discussed and approved at timing for the future events, the next AGCM in Largs. according to the needs of With regard to the Technical Finally, the proposal to test a sailors, national fleets and an Committee, I’m very satisfied bigger spinnaker, supported International presence of our and glad because they always by some sailors, has started Class. perfectly update the Class and we are looking forward Rules according to the pro- to discuss the feed – back, With regard to the Communi- gressive development of on next the Competitor cation system, our V.P. boats, riggings and sails, Meeting and AGCM in Largs Communication Ronald Stal- looking ahead to the future. man, is very proactive. His Moreover, the efciency and I wish all of you and your role to develop the new Web- the quality control shown in families Merry Christmas and site with his Communications every Championship, testify a wonderful sailing season tools (Facebook, Twitter, Fo- to the success of the techni- 2014. rum, etc.) as well as the FD cal strategy adopted by IF- Bulletin, is necessary for the DCO to update the Rules and Cheers, FD promotion and was done manage the measurements, a great job. As his terms in order to warranty every ends in 2014 we, maybe, time high-quality control, Alberto need to find someone for safety and equity.

[email protected] www.planatech.it a new generation of Flying Dutchman

! PAGE 7 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

A VIEW OF THE FUTURE FOR IFDCO

involved, hopefully not pain, will both be hard acts to fol- but definitely efort on many low. people’s part. We are going to have to find a new Presi- dent, Alberto is retiring after 15 years devoted service to the class, he has seen a lot of changes and has steered Ronald asked me to write a IFDCO through all the politi- piece for the Bulletin, I am cal and physical challenges happy to do so, because I feel that have occurred during that we, the FD family, are that period. Alberto is to be involved in a growing process congratulated and thanked for his eforts; nonetheless at the moment, which may The General Secretary he is still going to be around, take a while to complete. The changed last year from class has almost been forced enjoying his new boat and into a kind of a rebirth, in acting as a Consultant to that we have taken a long the New Committee and hard look at the way our President. rules are written, both the Bye Laws and the Foundation Rules, which are pretty strict. When Conrad and his cohorts wrote the original rules they weren’t messing about, but what was right then is no longer really fit for purpose Peter Doran to Ed Cox, our now. Australian colleague who currently resides by the Ital- One can see what he was ian Lakes, is doing very well trying to do with those rules as the “New Man”. Paul and he was almost certainly Hemker has stepped up to right to write them the way Fred Schaaf is also planning the plate to replace Peter he did, but time and tide to leave the committee after Hinrichsen as VP Technical, ( have moved on, the planet having been the Treasurer we all know that Peter is im- has spun for nearly 60 years for many years and has man- possible to replace, but Paul since then, and things are aged the “Money” pretty well has the same pedigree). Tony going to need to Change in during that period; he is also Lyall is also joining the order for the Class to move to be congratulated on his Committee as VP Develop- forward as the membership work over this time. We are ment a very good addition to seems to want it to. going to need replacements the Committees ranks. for both of these guys; they Like all growing processes, there is bound to be efort

! PAGE 8 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

A VIEW OF THE FUTURE FOR IFDCO

The Technical Sub Committee Yacht Clubs that we want to is actively discussing the sail at for our regattas seem loose footed mainsail and to charge quite large sums to boom option, and the way to provide Regatta Management, write an electronic compass however, in order to keep the rule to include self sufcient good times rolling, we are compasses, but not ones that going to have to muck in and require “outside access” i.e. get involved, probably more GPS based compasses. have than in the past. We saw a tried one in Largs. classic example of a Club and its members “getting in- The larger spinnaker conver- volved” in Hungary, the whole sation is ongoing and we Balaton team worked very look forward getting some hard to make our regatta a There is a well known Euro- serious feedback from own- success; Zsofia should be pean theory that the distance ers that have tried one in proud of what they did. from Europe to UK is much Largs. further than UK to Europe, but actually, the distance is Also, we are going to need exactly the same, think of the folk to show interest in be- ferry crossing as an adven- coming involved with Race ture, and driving on the and Regatta Management, “wrong side of the road as a and maybe, Measurement little test of your driving and Regatta Inspection in the skills”.!! future. Thus, the moral of the story It is fairly well known that af- is much as we all enjoy being ter this “Financial Crisis” involved in the FD Family things will never be quite the Worldwide, like all families it same again. Those of us that At Largs, in July, I’m fairly extracts a price for member- were sailing during the Nine- certain that Tony Lyall will ship. It is not just your an- ties and the early Norties i.e. have mobilised everybody nual fees, but some efort on 1991 to 2007 (that is many who has ever sailed an FD in everybody’s part to make the of us), enjoyed racing and UK to get “stuck in “ and family stronger and better. regatta experiences, the like help, we, the other class of which we will have to work I would like to make a final members should also help, very hard to emulate. In order plea for assistance with Re- and expect to in the future. to attempt to get back to that gatta Inspection and Meas- In Sydney and Steinhuder standard of sailing and re- urement generally in the fu- Meer and wherever we go gattas, we all, as class mem- ture. The smarter folks thereafter, because the level bers will have to involve our- around the place will have of service that we used to selves in that process and roll noticed that quite a few expect to “just happen”, our sleeves up in ways that members of the team are a won’t, unless we help the we maybe haven’t in the past. bit grey haired or even process along.

! PAGE 9 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

A VIEW OF THE FUTURE FOR IFDCO white haired now, some of them have been around a long time and would like as- sistance with the Regatta In- spection process now, and into the future. We have a couple of newer team mem- bers, Tanja

Tanja always hiding herself when a camera is close

and Tony , both sailors with come and give a hand, I look forward to seeing you busy lives, who may become please. all in Largs, I just know that International Measurers in you will have carefully pre- One final point, in order to the near future, but we need pared your boats for Inspec- make the logistics for future more people to get involved, tion, so they will just fly regattas easier to plan, why learn the processes and be- through the tent! don’t we institute a little sys- come team members for the tem of everybody who “in- John Best, Chief Measurer future. Male or Female, all are tends to attend” the regatta welcome. [email protected] sending the organisers an e- What I don’t want to see at mail, say 12 or 6 months be- Regatta Inspection in July, is fore the regatta. The e-mail a team of white haired guys should say: “This is me, This lifting boats on and of the is my boat and I intend to weighing scales, so if you are come to your regatta”. younger and normally wear a Nobody will hold you to it, trapeze harness you will be but it makes “doing the especially welcome at the sums” much easier for the measurement tent at Largs. organisers if 70 or 80 or We are expecting 60 boats even 132 owners have said, and would like to “break the “Yes we’d like to come”. back” of regatta inspection in as short a time as we can, so if what I have written here means anything to you , then

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INTERVIEW WITH .... by Ronald Stalman

In the Netherlands we are ferent than expected... this the races but we were famous for always being can give opportunities never far behind and did runner up. It has happened not make any mistakes, we in soccer, cycle cross and The top 3 at our Worlds are did not finish worse than dozens of other sportcom- always the usual suspects, fifth. After a very risky start petitions. Once in a while were you sure that it would we won race 8 and then it there is an instant success, be the same this time ... was between the Bojsen but history never repeats it Enno: We were pretty sure Moller brothers and us. selves year after year. So Szabolcs and Andras would They were two points once a great victory is ahead but already had two be good at their home wa- clinched one has to step a bad races. champion or champions ters and also expected the Bojsen Moller brothers to straight on their toes to And then victory ... capture the story. Here’s be good, we were not so Enno: At the start we pla- the Interview with the 2013 sure about ourselves given ced ourselves just to wind- World Champions Enno that we have never been ward of Bojsen Moller and Kramer and Ard Geelkerken very good at lake Balaton. sailed very far forward, sailing FD NED26. Ard; same comment. took more risk at the start than we usually do, the Da- Guys, first of all tell is about Who were the dark horses nes had to stay in front of the aftermath becoming attending ... us and also had to go very Worlds Champions ... Enno; We also expected far forward at the start. In Enno: We had a big party at Kai Uwe Ludtke and Kai the end they were over and our sailing club the evening Schafers plus Aichholzer/ we were not. It was a bit of we came back from Bala- Zingerle and the Vespasiani an anti climax as they could not sail the last race. ton. Then a mad day with brothers to be at the front of lots of interviews but the Ard: The race committee the fleet. day after that I was in the did make the start a real plane flying to a client in Ard; With the unpredictable thriller story, when putting Venezuela, life was again weather there where oppor- the numbers on the black- back to normal. tunities for light weather board, just before showing, Ard: next morning a little teams like Borowski and the board was wiped out by celebrating party @ Hittech. Bogumil the rain. We had to wait a Afterwards back to busi- long time to see who was ness Talk us through the week as black flagged. it happend day by day ... In what mood did you travel Enno/Ard: For us the most Becoming World Champion to the Worlds in Hungary ... important was that the must be special ... Enno: We knew that it is a weather changed when the Enno: yes difcult venue and that regatta started, it became Ard: yes, it is real different performing well would be cold, rainy and significant a than a second place difcult, we would just try bit more windy than nor- our best. mal. We started of with Ard: Balaton could have two second places and led difcult circumstances, but after day one. After that we previous worlds shown that just kept on scoring well the weather is always dif- every day. The Danes and Hungarians won most of

! PAGE 11 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

INTERVIEW WITH .... by Ronald Stalman

Help me out: How you can The boat layout is not so without that you have to become a World Champion in special, we try to keep the look at it. In this way you the FD ... boat as simple as possible also have a lot less mainte- Enno; Just try a bit harder so that we can spend more nance as things wear less. than anyone else. time actually sailing instead It looks a lot like a standard Ard : Make sure you learn of playing with the con- Bogumill layout but there every single race some- trols. The only two un- are several small but impor- common things are that we thing to improve tant differences have the up haul for the Is equipment important ... spinnaker pole forward Is your boat lay out still the Enno; yes it is important where the crew controls it same as it was when you but I think that approx. and we have the extended 50% of the fleet has equip- gooseneck. started in the current Bogumil ment that is good enough ... to win the Worlds Why are parts, lines, cleats Enno: We changed the an- Ard; Yes, make sure your etc. placed where they are gle of a few cleats as it was material will not break dur- ... a bit difcult to get the ing the race Enno: The important thing ropes in the cleats while is that everything works hiking but apart from that it is exactly the same as Talk us through your boat well, that lines do not rub when we put it together. lay-out ... over other lines and that lines go into the cleats

! PAGE 12 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

INTERVIEW WITH .... by Ronald Stalman

Enno: First thing is to get clear air usually this means you have to tack as soon as possible and then not to panic but just continue sailing as best as you can, working the wind-shifts and trying to stay out of lufng matches and pile ups at marks. If you are reaching in the middle of a big field it is much more important to stay as close to the leaders as you can than passing one or two boats or defending your position with a lot of lufng while the leaders sail away Ard: We did some investi- Ard looking a bit around. from you. You may not win gation before we did the the race but usually you layout of the Bogumil. Most How do you enter the race can pull up to a place that of this worked ok from the .... is useful in the end. beginning. Enno: By filling in the entry Ard: sail your own race, form? with a bad start you loose Has the new boat been the Ard: Enno fills in the form approx. 50 meters com- gamechanger of would you’ve ;-) pared to the pole position, been at the same level in the when you finish within 50 Vels ... If things didn't work out af- meters of the first place, Enno: We also won the ter the start how do you you are definitely within the Worlds in the old boat but work your self up in the field top 10. the new boat is a little ... quicker so getting to the front is a bit easier than with the old boat. Ard: This boat is diferent than the old boat, but both are quick.

How do you collect info of the venue ... Enno: It difers, for Balaton we had info from the Dutch Yachting Federation, in Malcesine we collected it ourselves the week before while training with Bas and Marc van der Pol, before Altea we talked extensively with other people who had experience there. ! PAGE 13 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

INTERVIEW WITH .... by Ronald Stalman

I thought the simple answer How do you prepare for a Technically we pull on the would be boat speed, how tack and how do you execute preventer before the mark does one improve boat speed this ... and make sure the spinna- ... Enno: That will take a ker luf sheet is out of the Enno: The first thing is whole article in itself. Just cleat in preparation for the keep the boat absolutely come to the beginner hoist. Then is it a matter of upright at all times. Then training I will give next nicely pulling the boat to have the important settings year. windward to help the rud- in the boat like genoa hal- Ard: looking around that der on rounding the mark. yard, centre board position you will not hit someone Ard: looking around, gibe/ and lower shrouds marked after the tack :-) , then we not gibe, hoisting the spi. so that when the wind just tack. changes you can go imme- Thanks for the interview guys diately to your pre deter- Same questions for arriving at and i’ll wish you lot’s of suc- mined settings and you the upper Mark ... cess in Largs and years to immediately know that you Enno We try to determine come. will be quick. before the mark which way Ard: Catching more pufs. we will go after rounding the mark, where the next mark is, if it is downwind if we gybe or not.

! PAGE 14 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

IDM 2013 SPONSOR

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PACIFIC FLYING DUTCHMAN LLC by Ronald Stalman

Interview with Duane Ehlerin- Spinnaker entry tube bot- But there were also a couple of ger; owner of Pacific Flying tom weight is .222Kg. well known modern design pa- Dutchman llc, manufactured in rameters to follow: the United States, and driving Jigs are used to install all force behind the newly de- parts. All parts have tight signed FD from his company, tolerances. website: www.PacificFlyingDutchman.com

Tell us how you came to build FD’s Storage unit on port side of and what were the major points v-bulkhead. Spinnaker you considered in the redesign and tube on starboard side of v- production of the boat ... bulkhead.

I have a background in the con- struction industry of over 30 1. The FD, as one engineer years. I understand engineer- friend said, has a full spoon ing principles fairly well and bow. A spoon bow keeps consider myself creative when the bow up and can promote looking for solutions to an is- planning. The newer de- sue. I wanted a signs of the Flying Dutch- newer boat and was not able to The major points of focus on man have station 9, the most locate one in the US market the newer boat were to be: forward measured station, place. I consulted a few friends • A much stiffer hull than cur- as full as possible. and then decided I had the rently available. I equate skills to build the molds and stiffness to more potential produce a newer version of the boat speed; FD. • Light weight in the bow and View of working area stern areas to reduce “pitch- of boat. ing” moment; • A foredeck capable of bearing a heavy crew at any point; • A structural design that could transfer the heavy loads/ stresses placed on a hull dur- ing more extreme conditions; • Be responsive in light breeze; 2. From there we focused on • A Flying Dutchman that would narrowing the boat to create be competitive and long last- a narrower stern area, to al- Genoa deck attachment & roller furling mechanism. ing. most the minimum meas- urements for an FD, creating There are a lot of points to con- less wetted surface area. sider in the overall design of The measurement tolerances in any boat. But most of these the class rules allows for a issues, I feel, are easily satis- maximum difference in meas- fied so long as quality of labor urement of only 12.5 mm at the and materials are not compro- different measured stations, mised and tolerances of con- (1-7). struction are maintained.

! PAGE 16 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

PACIFIC FLYING DUTCHMAN LLC by Ronald Stalman

This in addition with the other The carbon- fiber covers stored. With the new box- class measurement rules keeps both sides of the foam core. shaped design, we were also Enormous strength is all modern FD designs fairly achieved with this lamina- able to make the spinnaker similar and thus the outcome of tion. tube function as a support for a given regatta for the most part the upper deck area. Addi- is determined by the knowledge tionally the spinnaker tube and skills of the crew and skip- rests on the mid span forward per. bulkhead helping shorten up this support span, leading to better deck support; • On the forward port side of the boat an optional storage unit has been created; • Forward of the v-bulkhead some basic changes have View of enlarged spinnaker tube occurred. A true centerline truss was designed;

If the modern designs of the Fly- ing Dutchman are fairly similar then how is your boat potentially better designed and/or what sepa- rates your design giving it any po- tential edge in competitive sailing • Off this truss, port and star- • This rests on the port forward ... board bulkheads have been bulkhead and additionally incorporated (adding lateral rests on and attaches to the stiffness and giving deck sup- This can be a bit confusing, but V-bulkhead.The storage unit port, as well as resistance to let me explain; point-by-point, has a dual purpose, obviously wave impact). This centerline starting at the bow and working a storage unit as well as de- truss has been designed to back to the stern of the boat. veloping a remarkable help disburse the genoa hal- We chose a carbon fiber cloth amount of stiffness and sup- • yard load created, support the sandwiched over foam core port for the deck. By the time hull and deck loads, and it is as the basis of the major one deducts the weight sav- fully integrated with the V- components: the hull, deck, ings in the v-bulkhead materi- bulkhead; floor, forward centerline truss, als removed (carbon fiber and and v-bulkhead. More spe- foam core) and forward port The traditional round spinna- cifically we chose a tri-axial • bulkhead the gain in weight in ker tube has been changed to weave carbon-fiber aero- negligible. Again, this is an more of a rectangular design. space weave cloth. This high option and can be eliminated This redesign uses less modulus cloth is ideal for boat if desired; material/fabric since it uses a hulls with stresses acting in • Going aft from the v-bulkhead portion of the deck and a por- many directions; and under the mast step, a tion of the hull to complete the support made from several tube, reducing bow weight; • In addition we use a closed- layers of foam core and unidi- cell Divinycell foam core rectional and tri-axial carbon- This newer design also al- H100, a PVC foam with great • fiber cloth is BID (bidirec- lowed the center of the tube shear values. We also incor- tional) taped into the v- to be enlarged. The center is porate unidirectional carbon- bulkhead, hull and center- larger in size than either end fiber cloth on both sides of the board trunk; of the tube, which is beneficial foam core down the center- because this is where most of line line of the hull; the spinnaker is taken up and

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PACIFIC FLYING DUTCHMAN LLC by Ronald Stalman

• There are 4 layers of • A final point to bring to your tricks, and done correctly pro- 15.7oz/yd2 or 532 g/m2 attention is that the combina- duce the parts with the optimal carbon-fiber cloth wrapping tion of all of the above struc- ratio of epoxy resin since the the centerboard trunk. An tures bonded with strong ad- resin replaces only the air voids additional 2 layers of 15.7 oz/ hesive work together to resist created by the vacuum. yd2 or 532 g/m2 carbon-fiber forward and aft bending cloth are applied in the areas loads. There are a few other items we where the crew traverses the do to help the manufacturing cockpit. These extra layers Can you describe briefly how you process along, extend from the inside of the produce/manufacture your FD ... Hard points for hardware hull to the centerboard trunk are pre-located. Shroud anchor plate back- and forward of the upper I use an infusion with vacuum- ing is G-10 composite shroud attachment point. bagging process. material. This is crucial for two rea- sons; • (1) Additional support is pro- vided for the impact of the large crew on the floor; • (2) As tension is placed on the upper shrouds, both com- pression on the floor as well as loads in the hull are cre- 1/8” x ¾” diameter G-10 wafers ated. This is a point where are placed in the standard hard deflection of the hull and floor point locations as well as addi- is known to occur. I believe Simply put, the different materi- tional 3/8” thick G-10 for fasten- this combination of stiffening als are laid up in the mold. ing the shroud bracket on the the floor and centerboard Then a plastic bag is applied floor and support for the mast truck, as well as the place- and the air is drawn out with a step, all prior to the lay-up. ment of a carbon-fiber secon- vacuum pump. The vacuum dary bulkhead located be- pump is designed for 1 x 10-4 tween the floor and hull, work torr, which is a pretty serious together to prevent such dis- vacuum (760 torr is one at- tortion; mosphere). • There is one other change in the floor that helps with the overall rigidity of the boat. The floor is flat; it does not roll up near the hull edge. The bonding of the hull to the flat All materials are placed, and then floor with the addition of sev- both infusion lines and vacuum lines are set in place. eral secondary bulkheads Release films and epoxy flow me- makes for a very strong dia- diums are then laid in position. phragm. The adhesive we A layer of plastic film is then sealed use for bonding all parts is Then the epoxy resin is sucked to the edge of the mold. into the part (into the voids Vacuum is drawn on the part. Hysol 9460. The peel Tested for leaks. strength of this product is in where the air has been re- Then infused with epoxy resin. excess of 3300lbs/in2 or 232 moved). Once initially cured, After setting for 24 hours the part is the part is then post cured for then post cured at higher tempera- kg/cm2; tures for several days. several days at an elevated • Aft of the centerboard is a centerline keelson between temperature. Initially, there the floor and the hull, which is were a couple of issues we again BID taped to the cen- needed to overcome with this terboard trunk; method. We enhanced our process, developed a couple of

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PACIFIC FLYING DUTCHMAN LLC by Ronald Stalman

Below is the result of this process. with UV protection. We can rig, When bonded in placed with a Any feedback from, US sailors, at the request of the buyer, any strong adhesive the end result is a very strong and stiff boat Paul Scoffin?, Lin Robson?, or other number of masts, booms, etc. parties ... at a reasonable cost. There Both Paul Scoffin and Lin Rob- seems to be a great number of son have sailed the original pro- opinions on the different spars. totype in major US regattas. One finished first, the 2010 US Can you give us a brief summary Nationals, and the other fin- of your philosophy in building boats ished second in the same re- ... gatta in 2012. I received feed- Build a boat that would be very back from both sailors and have competitive for not just a few incorporated their thoughts into years but for a lifetime. Provide the most recent boat set up. the highest quality at a very These, along with other experi- competitive price. enced FD’ers currently sailing the boat, all remark on the high Would you rather build a boat or degree of stiffness and respon- sail it ... siveness of the new boat. My hat is off to all FD builders. There is a lot to building a qual- How long does it take for you to ity FD. These boats have so complete a boat ... much rigging and have to be It takes several months to com- designed to withstand such plete a boat after it has been forces that by the time anyone Is your boat laid out any different ordered and deposit received. finishes a boat there really is than other manufacturers for not much of a profit margin. I skippers and crew ... What is the price of a new boat in don’t think anyone is getting Not really, the rigging in the US-dollars without changes... rich off of building FD’s. It is a boat is current state-of-the-art Presently the basic package labor of love. Saying all that, I without any spars (mast, boom, do enjoy sailing an FD in 12-17 spinnaker pole) is approxi- knots of wind on a warm sunny mately 25,000 US dollars. day.

What do you see as the future of FD sailing? Where are the boats headed ... There are so many classes of sailboats out there that I am not sure where the FD is going in FD. We use good fittings and the US. The European fleet high-tech lines in the different seems to be doing well, but I systems. Custom rigging is an don’t see that many younger option. sailors sailing the Flying Dutchman as needed to grow the fleet. There seems to be a regional surge of interest in the FD a bit more the past couple of years in the United States, Samples of lines: Genoa sheet This includes a completed boat but the focus needs to be to- with carbon-fiber centerboard wards getting the young sailors Spinnaker sheet and involved. rudder, and control lines. Both consoles and mainsheet pedes- tal are exposed carbon fiber

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PACIFIC FLYING DUTCHMAN LLC by Ronald Stalman The over-all cost of the FD of the wind and waves on a stronger but equally as bal- does not help either, but neither boat in a manner that is not anced as the Lindsay in its day. is the Pacific Flying Dutchman necessarily developed in other a disposable boat. I sometimes dinghies or larger boats. Are there any points/comments wonder if it might help the fleet you want to finish up this interview if the FD was invited to partici- Conclusive are we speaking of the with ... pate in the Olympics again. I Lindsay 2.0 or is it a total differ- I want to acknowledge a few am not sure of the pros or the ent design ... fellow FD sailors who have con- cons of that consideration. My belief is the Lindsay FD hull tributed in large parts into this design was and remains very basic design. Greg Cole who is Any recommended changes to fast and the boat structure was an aeronautical engineer the FD ... the stiffest of its time and obvi- helped enormously in the over I am of the school that we do ous the most durable based on all concept and design. Mike not need a larger spinnaker. the number of Lindsay FD’s still Meszaros has made innumer- The FD is a fun and easy boat sailed competitively around the able contributions to the rigging. to sail. It takes the coordination world today. I have the most Doug Dommermuth on the hy- of both the crew and skipper respect for Mark Lindsay’s hull drodynamics of boats. with practice to make the boat design and accomplishments sail competitively fast. By keep- for both the FD class as well as You can also visit our site to ing a tight lid on the measure- the other boat designs he has receive more information, re- ments the FD truly does test the been involved in. Greg Cole view this same article with en- sailing skills of its competitors. and I won the North Americas larged photos for better details, And I am of the belief anyone of regatta several years ago in a and to view more pictures and the top Flying Dutchman sailors Lindsay. I would say he had as well as slideshows: could successfully sail any significant influence on our hull large sailboat in the world today design. I also believe based PacificFlyingDutchman.us in competition. By sailing an upon today’s superior building FD, you learn to feel the effects materials and practices our Thank You. boat is much stiffer and

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EUROCUP 2014

EUROCUP 1 The National FD-Secretary Last year de GER-113, Kil- Traditionally we kick of in (photo) of Spain is Enrique lian Konig and Johannes Spain. Egea Moreno, email: Brack clinched the title. Date 20th - 22th March. [email protected] , phone With an impressive serie 91 405 85 37 they made the headlines in the Kielerwoche news bul- EUROCUP 2 letin as in the local paper For the 2nd Eurocup event as well. we go to Italy. Criterium di Pasque, Marina EUROCUP 5 di Carrara. This Austrian event is on Date 18th - 20th April. the series list this year once again. The Yacht club also sug- Date 15th - 17th August. gested to extend the pro- gram with training possi- bilities in the week before the event. They will facili- tate this training as well.

ALTEA training possibility Date 17th - 19th March. EUROCUP 3, page 2 & 3 If you are interested in the Altea training facilities sent EUROCUP 4 Jan Lechler an email about KIELERWOCHE your attendance. This German event is on He will get back to you if it the series list every year so is a “go”. far. Date 26th - 29th June. For detailed Yacht club in- formation visit the club When the Austrian Nation- website als visit this venue we al- ways schedule this event.

The Yacht club atmosphere is tremendous and they have places to stay for the night.

This year the Lake Garda event is scheduled before the Austrian Nationals so on your way back a stop here works perfect.

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CARIBBEAN CHAMPIONSHIP by Ronald Stalman

Full story in the next Bulletin - By the end of June it was clear that all the promises made to The first event of 2014 is already show up were not kept. Many history. And it’s the one just a thanks for that on behalf of the few of us who gave their prom- once who already booked their ise to attend showed up. I was flights and places to stay! one of them. And though I had to Thanks to the stubbornness of sail it as a guest crew. I can tell Ernst Greten - GER 12 - and the you all that you missed out a perseverance of Ronald Stal- golden opportunity to sail in the man, Rob could continue his ef- most perfect conditions. fort to make it happen. And I as VP-Communications can tell you know that the choice of a venue is more fa- vorable for advertising the class then going somewhere were maybe 1 or 2 new FD’s show up!

venue issue next Bulletin

The atmosphere was perfect. Sailing conditions more then perfect - wind 15+ knots, air temperature 28+C and water temperature 27+C -. So it was all more then worth our while to be there. The social program - 10 boats showed up, while al- supported by the air temperature most thirty signed the petition to in the evening’s - was outstand- get Rob Taal - AHO 3 - sweating ing and the Sylvester eve party his ass of to make it happen. So till early in the morning was after Hungary when the final memorable. word was out that it was a go for this event - though not sup- ported by the IFDCO - Rob started his part of the job to make it happen.

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MAKE IT BIG?

The latter discussion about changing the courses has started since it is as hard to find race-management as it is for IFDCO to get class- management. Sailing up and down courses is much easier to handle for the race-manager and it could lower event costs.

During the 2013 season and especially at the Worlds the spinnaker topic was discussed more often in the boat-park. And at the competitors forum JB stated that it was one of the “to be” discussed changes. So he asked everybody to raise their hands if we should give it a go. The answer was a 60-40% “yes”. Sexy or just big our new kite? At the Worlds the class- In the 2012 Worlds Report management has compromised (B159) there was this small themselves to write down a paragraph: story with all things to be added to the discussion: However, immediately after that - does our mast support the Edward Cox suggested we should bigger kite; consider a bigger spinnaker and -must we enlarge the pole; this proposal met with considerable - is the spiro still in the right support, a show of hands sug- place; gested 50% in favour. It was there- - should we allow 2 spinnakers fore suggested that Edward and at races; Killian should conduct some tests with 505 size spinnakers and write - other te be considered facts. an article for the Bulletin. This was a topic of interesting discussion dur- And should we just adopt a kite ing the week with some very enthu- that is already on sale (the 5o5- siastic supporters but also many But the discussion of a bigger kite) or should we look at a bet- more conservative sailors express- spinnaker is not only adopted to ter shape of our kites? ing doubts. increase sails and make it more attractive or even spectacular for So there is no simple yes or no Ed Cox (AUS7), our general younger sailors. to the question and we should secretary, didn’t waste any time consider all the pros and cons. and as soon as he was installed What must and should be added in Italy he started sailing the to the discussion is that inside So the editor asked around in bigger kite. He just took of with the event sailing community and the fleet and here are several the suggested 5o5 spinnaker. also inside ISAF the discussion thoughts ...... is raised to sail just up and down As soon as he flew the kite he courses. This would be a drastic shared his experiences with all game-changer for the FD-class. of us on our forum.

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MAKE IT BIG? by Ed Cox

Whether the FD adopts the big- lower the spiro. The carbon My impression is that it is no ger spinnaker is really a ques- masts we use are strong harder to sail, and in many re- tion of whether the increase will enough. spects easier. In reality the boat adversely change the boat or is moving faster which changes our racing. No one seriously Triangle courses. the apparent wind more, and as suggests the bigger spinnaker is a consequence the load on the not more fun, or faster in the The simple answer is we sail the spinnaker sheets is less. The majority of conditions. We all course we want to and the FD bow lifts more when planning know that the boat will be can keep doing the traditional and the boat is stable. quicker on the tight reach, you triangle course with the bigger are planning earlier and the bow kite. Under 15 knots there will Perhaps the only time it will be lifts more when planning. In be no change. On windier days harder to sail will be coming out light wind it is faster, easier to with the bigger kite a triangle is of a slow gybe on a windy day, trim in waves and you can sail still possible, we simply need to but that is always true if you deeper. The advantages of a move the gybe mark in 5 to 10 have a bad shy to shy gybe. deeper kite to the 505 dimen- degrees from the traditional 45 sions are also unexplored and degree course. I also remind That only sailmakers will benefit more testing is required to see if the sceptics out there that the from the change. different shapes work in medium gybe angles on both legs are breeze going straight downwind. rarely even anyway, and some- What is proposed is a staggered times the wind shifts so we can change with 1 or 2 years notice So lets consider the common only carry a spinnaker on one of in advance. So people can plan myths out in the boat park the legs. their next spinnaker purchase (mostly spread by people who for the changing rule. For those have not tested the bigger spin- Additionally, it should be ob- crews who rarely buy new spin- naker yet). served that the 505 still does a nakers there will be the option of triangle course, it is just that a second hand kite from the 505 Masts reliability. Will we break they often do the run first and class, which is a good cheap more masts with the big spinna- the triangle second. option. ker? Will it favour heavy crews. That there is no evidence the In fact the opposite is true be- change will increase our num- The simply answer is NO, when cause the halyard exit need not looked at across the average of bers, we may even loose some be raised and the spiro can be all conditions we race in. We older sailors. lowered. With the spiro lowered should all remember that the the load from the pole on a shy lighter crews have an advantage This is a difficult issue and one reach is closer to the vang and in marginal trapezing conditions which requires careful manage- lowers, thus better supported. when the big crews are sitting in ment of the change. We do not So the loads on a shy reach will down the reach. So I think this want to loose any of our existing be better supported provided we balances out. fleet, but on the other hand we don’t move the spinnaker hal- need to attract younger sailors yard. Will the boat be harder to sail. and keep the boat developing in a positive way. I am not saying no one will ever My experience is to the contrary, break a mast with the bigger but we all need to try the bigger As mentioned above, there will kite, but bear in mind most fail- kite for ourselves. I would par- not be a sudden change which ures I saw in the 2013 season ticularly congratulate the Ger- makes half the fleet uncompeti- were caused by poor fit out or man class on their approach to tive, but a gradual phasing in not enough reinforcing where the current test rule. The reports with 1 to 2 years notice. This holes are cut in masts. published on the German web- will allow a smooth transition site from their tests tell the story. and minimise the costs of the No changes to the existing car- change. bon masts are required for the Read for yourself. bigger kite, except perhaps to

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MAKE IT BIG?

From the publicity point of view, to the FD class was that it had Dirk Bogumil’s contribution to a it is hoped that a bigger spinna- embraced the carbon mast ear- bigger kite… ker and better downwind per- lier than other international Two hearts are pounding in my formance in planning conditions classes. When I race my FD in chest. At first I’m the vice- will attract more younger teams. a mixed fleet and talk to sailors president of the German FD- Whether it is a fair or not, some from other dinghy (non-skiff) class and one of my jobs is it to sailors are attracted to high per- classes the feed back I continu- sure the longevity, pay-ability formance dinghies with more ally get is, the FD is a great boat and normal easy handling of the downwind performance, like the and fast up wind, but the kite is boats. But otherwise I also 505 (I am excluding the skiff small and they could be faster mustn’t forget the development classes from my comparison). downwind like the 505. of the class. I have to get my personal interests to the end of By way of contrast, we as a Before just say no without any the line of the interests of the class should look at the positive research and development, say whole FD-class. My mind is, we affect of the switch to our current yes to the possible innovation. have to test the bigger kite and if spinnaker and to the carbon it is better, faster and not harder mast. Both are examples of Ed Cox to sail with the new kite and also gradual developments which we have not to change a lot of have improved the FD’s per- things in the boat and on the rig, formance without making half we have to take the new bigger the fleet uncompetitive or disillu- kite. But if it is impossible to sail sioned. Many argued against with the bigger kite for small both changes in prior years, but crews or to sail normal rich I have never met anyone who courses and if we need a lot of now advocates a return to alu- money for refitting of the boats minium masts and a smaller I’m against the new kite. kite! From a personal point of view, one of the reasons I came

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MAKE IT BIG?

John Best’s contribution to a with his size and weight we were rear of the fleet sailors to get out bigger kite… fast, once I had learnt to sail an there and try it, the new larger In recent years we have dis- FD upwind, that is. We did how- spinnaker that is. Personally, I cussed the bigger spinnaker op- ever, get to really enjoy those 'd like to see it happen, but that tion, and the most obvious three sail reaches enormously, we just get a bit more flexible "stock" replacement spinnaker is so my view is that we should try about how we sail the boat. the new 5o5 spinnaker, it would not to fall into the regatta man- almost certainly be a bit cheaper agement expediency of sailing Hungarian contribution to a to adopt an existing spinnaker only Windward / Leeward bigger kite… rather than develop our own courses only. At the 2013 World Champion- new shape. There are, of course ship we were informed on plans technical issues attached to any I have sailed a fair few of those regarding the use of a larger change. Initially, the existing in Asymmetric boats, specifically spinnaker. No further details masts are expensive enough as RS 800 and the Laser SB 3 have been spread since then, they are and it makes good Sportsboat with it's huge 43 sq including publicly declared inter- financial/technical sense to metre asymmetric spinnaker. It net voting. leave the spinnaker halyard top was fun, but not as much fun as exit block exactly where it is, an FD on a three sail reach, not As for our views, such a change and move the Spiro type fitting in a million years, I only stopped would result in a substantial in- down the mast to level with the sailing FD's because my knees crease in general costs as both gooseneck. This ought to knock gave out, not because I was mast and spinakker pole should a few € off the price, because bored. be redesigned along with the the Carbon engineering around sails. Moreover, wind range that that area of the mast will get properly suits FD would suffer simpler. This makes heaps of My view, try to stick to a triangu- unnecessary limitations as well sense to any engineer, it puts all lar course, maybe deepen the as competition options. We the lower mast push /pull loads reaches if it gets windy, keep the strongly believe that such an acting in one place so there will present course geometry until initiative would badly affect the be minimum mast distortion the forecast wind hits 15 knots pleasure of sailing FD. sideways or along the centre- or so, then just deepen the line, the potential mast inversion reaches by 10 or 15 degrees. It Another point of consideration of issue is lessened as well. It is entirely possible to have a mix its effect on less experienced means that the gooseneck area of courses at a championship competitors due to a higher gets a bit "busier" but it would be anyway. Maybe if the breeze is probability of capsize and more a neat solution and allows us to cranking we sail Windward difficulties in handling, resulting easily lower the Spi pole to give /Leewards, but if it is a nice 12 in an even bigger gaps within the bigger spinnaker more room to 15 knots we sail what we fleets.Therefore, the Hungarian to fly and breathe. have now. fleet strictly sticks to current measurement regulations. Now, the three sail reaching is- This aspect of sailing with the sue, one of the greatest joys of new spinnaker is the most inter- Smooth sailing. sailing FD's has always been esting for me, how much will it screaming three sail reaches, make us change the way we sail Hungarian FD Association while James and I used to enjoy Our beautiful boat, so we need sailing the FD upwind, because to get front / middle and near the

! PAGE 26 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

MAKE IT BIG? NED-311 CONTRIBUTION

Through the grapevine, rumors haps because they do not have ors. Nonsense. Of course the have reached me that certain money to burn, will consequently FD is not a development class; members of the IFDCO are con- be at an unfair disadvantage. So those classes have a very free cocting proposals to change the the whole idea only makes the set of rules that allow for a FD. Perhaps these rumors are boat more costly and decreases wealth of experiments to be just that, rumors, and hence to- fairness in competition. It does conducted, all within the existing tally unfounded. In that case this not solve any problem, it just rule structure. The FD is a one letter is not worth the paper it is creates one. I say,’if it ain’t broke design class. Changing the rules written on. On the other hand if it don’t fix it’. all the time to allow for new is true that where there is smoke gadgets is not the hallmark of a there is fire, this calls for a timely Now for the ‘modernized’ spin- development class. Develop- reaction. So, just in case, here is naker. Basically the same argu- ment classes are for example my reaction. ments just put forward against the Moth or the international 14. changing the rudder apply to the Do FD sailors really like to be Apparently the proposals are to spinnaker. Money waisted on mentioned in one breath with ‘modernize’ both the rudder and something we don’t need and a these floating freak shows? I the spinnaker and to prepare less fair competition. But in addi- doubt it. The FD’s forte is, quite changes to the class rule to fa- tion there are some technical contrary, its tradition; it distin- cilitate these actions. To put it issues. Older boats often have guishable forestay angle, it’s ab- bluntly, I think that both propos- rather narrow spinnaker chutes. surdly large and outdated but als are singularly lousy ideas. It already requires some hefty very characteristic genoa, etc. pulling to get the kite down and Let’s keep it that way, so far it Let’s start with the rudder. I am back into its burrow on these has survived 60 years of compe- not sure what changes the peo- boats. With a bigger sail this tition by the modernizers. Finally, ple who propose this have in may easily become an all but there is the issue of attractive- mind but presumably the blade impossible task. ness to young sailors. In my ex- of the rudder is to be replaced perience these youngsters tend by one with a better hydrody- A costly rebuilding session may to buy second hand, somewhat namic performance. Do we need be needed. Also, a higher as- older, boats. They often have such a new rudder? I don’t think pect kite implies a lower boom. limited budgets. If the changes so. The present rudder is sturdy, As a consequence the spinnaker are to be adopted they face the no breakages have occurred pole will be dangling uncom- fact that their newly acquired recently as far as I know. Does fortably below the boom on boat is out of date the second the present rudder function points of sail where the spinna- they buy it. I don’t think these poorly? Does it show unwanted ker is not used. Not very ergo- guys will be overjoyed when tendencies to stall, does it fail to nomic for the crew when tacking immediately faced with a costly make the boat turn left or right to say the least. Finally, a bigger refit. As it stands the FD with its when we want it to turn left or kite invariably means that the countless fittings and controls is right? Not to my knowledge. So boat will be even harder to han- already a rather intimidating ma- why change? At best it will set dle for light-weight crews. chine. sailors who go along with the Apparently the argument for change back financially, by the In all, to summarize, I have to these changes is two-fold: first, better part of €1000. What will say: ’forget it, cut the crap, let’s the FD is purportedly a ‘devel- be gained? Perhaps the new get real, let’s get sailing’. rudder owners will find them- opment class’ and therefore in selves sailing marginally faster. need of regular ‘modernization’ AMSTERDAM, Tom Hijmans Those who don’t go along, per- and second it needs to be kept (helmsman NED 311) attractive for new, young, sail-

! PAGE 27 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

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! PAGE 28 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, DECEMBER 2013

2013 Match-Race Berlin by Ronald Stalman

For the 6th consecutive year the cause there is always bad food never sailed or seen before. Berlin Match-Race has been and no bear! Decent FD’s but unfamiliar sailed on the weekend of 9 & No none of that at all it is be- handling. And if you haven’t 10 November. cause it is the best fun event of been in the gym enough lifting the year. and pulling weights you could And this years edition was to- be in serious trouble! Like mr. tally diferent from the 5 series It starts on friday evening Kramer knows all about after before. Because there was a lot 19.00 hours in the clubhouse. the selection races. Yes even a of wind. Windspeed up to 25 Everyone involved attending the world champion is a sitting knots. So it was good that only meeting to get familiar with the duck in this event. the best of the best got an invi- rules of the next day. Rules so tation. Because that is what it is totally diferent from our nor- This years among them were: all about getting an invitation mal FD-racing. Because it is the world champion team, the by Jens Schreiber the driving boat to boat match-racing the Borrowski-brothers, the Bahr- force behind this fantastic 1 next day. A sailing discipline family, the Bojsies, the Austri- day event. were you are chasing your op- ans, the bass-player and his ponent. Try to let him score crew and 4 more teams. I always ask myself how Jens penalties. Where you don’t want Want to know all about the gets people so crazy that they him to get to the starting line. event, names & numbers and want to travel up to 8 hours? To Lengthen the course by not the atmosphere? get a dysfunctional FD to sail a picking the good shifts and Just visit the facebook page of course with only 2 marks and a beats, but just try to defend the Dahme Jacht Club Berlin. length of a quarter of a mile? that the other boat get to the And why there are still people marks and finish-gate first. And Jens always is able to find in the dark and don’t know sponsors, without them it is a about the event at all. On the next day the racing mission impossible. One of It can’t be because the event is starts punctually at 9 am. It is them is Werkzeugbau Muschke lacking atmosphere! It isn’t be- always cold. The boat is some- making Fivestars-blocks and one else’s boat you probably more ..... (see below)

Innungsbetrieb seit 1945 Werkzeugbau und Mechanik Muschke www.muschke-werkzeugbau.de & Gasde Vom Segler für Segler

Bereiche: Bootsbeschläge in Niro und Alu Vorrichtungsbau Feinmechanik Graphitbearbeitung Neu: Kugellagerblöcke Bootszubehör F ivestars Serie 59 Tel.: 030 / 9212 4440 Fax: 030 / 9212 4441 • Winschen Am Kornfeld 6 + 10 12621 Berlin-Kaulsdorf • Ruderanlagen [email protected] • Poller, versenkbar • Rodkicker

Achtung: Alle Beschläge im Internet

! PAGE 29 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

INTERVIEW WITH DIRK BOGUMIL by Ronald Stalman

Website: I helped to issue his second www.bogumil-yachtservice.de and third Steingroß FD-hulls.

We worked very hard, be- cause we had only a short time before the beginning of the 2005 worlds. One day in the evening Uwe asked me, to take over the FD-building in my hands. I didn’t have a job in this time and after the 2005 worlds I was agreed with his proposal.

All FD-hulls were built in the BBG Bootsbau Berlin GmbH and the fitting out of the boats are in my workshop, because the BBG is a classic boatyard and not a yacht Tell us about yourself … at the World Championship in service. I was born in Rostock and Hungary. In all classes I won since 1985 I’m living in Ber- a lot of titles and medals at Since 2005 I have built 18 lin. I have a 17 years old German, European and World boats. At the moment I’m daughter. Next year I will championships. building the boat no. 19 and overstep the magic 50 years – 20. Building of FD’s is hand- border. My FD-building… work and so you need good From 1983 – 1989 I studied In 2005 I worked a lot of time boat-builders and a lot of political economics and I together with Uwe Steingroß. time. worked from 1990 to 2003 in several banks as a consultant for business financing. In 2005 I founded my company Bogumil Yachtservice with the takeover of the FD-moulds from Uwe Steingroß. Since 2008 I’m a managing director and partner of the BBG Bootsbau Berlin GmbH.

My sailing career… I started my sailing career in 1972 in an old wooden “Op- timist”. In the former GDR I sailed “Cadet”, “420”, “470” and for a short time “FD”. Af- ter sailing of a long time in the “Pirat”-class (from 1989 – 2005) I started my FD-career in 2005 with the participation

! PAGE 30 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

INTERVIEW WITH DIRK BOGUMIL by Ronald Stalman

The boat-builders has to more softer hull for short and But if it is impossible to sail work very exactly and they hard waves? I’m thinking it is with the bigger kite for small need a long experience be- impossible to build the opti- crews or to sail normal rich cause is it very difcult to mum boat for all conditions courses and if we need a lot handle the modern materials and crews. Anytime it is of money for refitting of the carbon, honeycomb, Kevlar, compromise between the boats I’m against the new epoxy-resin etc. All parts of numerous possibilities. kite. my boats are building under vacuum (hull, double bottom, Bigger kite… Famous last words… deck, rudder and center- Two hearts are pounding in Every time in my childhood board). Also for fitting out of my chest. At first I’m the and youth it was a dream of the boats I need a lot of time, vice-president of the German me to build my sailing boats because a FD has a lot of FD-class and one of my jobs by myself. This dream come special fittings. is it to sure the longevity, true in 2005 with the build- pay-ability and normal easy ing of FD’s. The FD is best Tough parts… handling of the boats. But classic two person trapeze The tough parts of construct- otherwise I also mustn’t for- jolly on the world and I hope ing FD’s are the centerboard get the development of the we all will sail this nice boat case, the shroud fittings in class. I have to get my per- for a long long time. A lot of the hull and the weight dis- sonal interests to the end of new boat classes are coming tribution. I learned the hard the line of the interests of the and going, but the FD are liv- way in the first years of FD- whole FD-class. My mind is, ing since over 60 years and I building and without my job we have to test the bigger hope the FD will be living the in the BBG it would be im- kite and if it is better, faster next 60 years. possible to build more FD’s. and not harder to sail with But now I’m thinking I’m on the new kite and also we the right way with my boats. have not to change a lot of things in the boat and on the After each regatta my boat rig, we have to take the new comes in my workshop and if bigger kite. I have a new idea or I saw a mistake, I modify just my boat. All my new findings are come in in the next new boat.

Significant alterations… This is very difcult question. I’m thinking, the FD-hull is a very good construction. A FD is fast, long-living and looks modern and very nice. It is possible to build a very stif and light hull with the new modern materials (carbon, Kevlar, honeycomb, epoxy- resin etc.). But what is the best way? Maybe, is it better to build a more stifer hull for flat water conditions or a

! PAGE 31 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

CHARTER BOATS by Ed Cox

World Championships to Secretary at support and assist non- [email protected] by European competitors who 14 February 2014. Once all ex- cannot ship their boats in a pressions of interest are col- container from their home lected and the number of avail- country. The approval for able boats are known, a deci- each charter is to be on a sions will be made on boat allo- case by case basis. cations and the IFDCO subsidy. On a case by case basis If any European sailor wishes to the IFDCO will give a fi- charter their boat to a foreign nancial subsidy to non- team, could they please advise European sailors to char- the IFDCO Secretary of the ter a boat for a European boats details (including age of World Championship hull, builder, condition, mast where it is not possible for foils). them to send a container This scheme is intended to sup- Expressions of interest are from their home country. port non-European teams attend sought from any non-European The amount of the charter the worlds. Many sailors outside FD sailor who wishes to charter subsidy is to be equivalent Europe find it difficult to travel to a boat for the upcoming FD to the amount which would world champions because of the worlds in Largs. otherwise be provided to part of a container. cost of shipping their boat and At the AGCM in 2013 a decision the difficulty of filling a container was made that: There are no suitable charter with 4-6 boats. It is in the inter- boats available within the UK, so ests of the FD class as a whole The national secretaries of any boats must come from ei- that international participation Germany, the Netherlands ther Europe and transport will from other continents is encour- and Italy are each to be need to be arranged on the lim- aged and supported with the approached to provide ei- ited number of double trailers. maximum participation from dif- ther their class promo- As the number of boats will be ferent parts of the world. Your tional boats or appropriate limited, it is requested that all support and assistance with the charter boats to be made interested persons submit a re- charter scheme is requested. available at European quest by email to the IFDCO

! PAGE 32 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

NATIONAL NEWS by Julian Bridges

hosted in Largs next July. This was followed by a long distance race utilising the whole three miles of Bassenthwaite lake, in a lighter and steadier wind. Glyn and Chris and Julian and Jack were overlapped at the far end of the lake after a long run down, before a long battle back, during which Rosie and Neil Pye used the shifts better than anyone else to record their first Nationals race win, from Strang and Alex.

Another two firsts for Strang and Alex won them the event on Tuesday with, while Glyn and Chris and Julian and Jack shared the seconds and thirds. 2013 International Flying Alex took two firsts from Glyn The breeze was lighter, still Dutchman class British Sheffield and Chris Rutter who shifty, and with over 100 boats of championships, hosted by as were sailing their brand new all classes from FDs to Mirrors, part of Bassenthwaite Week. Bogumil boat. the lake was a fine sight in the sunshine, although avoiding The British Section of the Sunday was marginally more competitors in other classes International FD class enjoyed civilised, although the breeze kept everyone on their toes. the great hospitality and was still all over the place, atmosphere of Bassenthwaite completely with powerful lake The final act on Wednesday saw Week for their 2013 National district gusts. Tony Lyall and the race postponed for coffee Championships. The event was Colin Burns, sailing a brand new and cake while the majestic won by Jon Williams and Alex Mader, got second in the first Skiddaw was reflected in the Rogers with six firsts from the race, while Julian Bridges and glassy surface of the lake. eight races. Jack Wild in their thirty year old Eventually a light and very fluky wooden boat got the second in breeze meandered its way The first two races were sailed the afternoon, after a swim in across the water, allowing a in a savagely gusty and shifty the morning. slow and tense race to start. force five, which saw the This time Julian and Jack majority of the fleet swimming, Monday morning saw the class worked the shifts and puffs to and with several retirements. AGM, mainly discussing the lead Glyn and Chris home. The probable shape of the event 2014 Flying Dutchman World became apparent as Strang and Championships, which will be Julian Bridges

! PAGE 33 FDBULLETIN; NR 158, MAY 2012

Dr. Gizmo

The mystery of how hy- ited possibilities for adjust- bigger. So as the foiling boat drofoils work ments. What’s the secret? speeds up the foils can Dr. Gizmo’s Physics Chat quickly generate a few tons Corner The basics are simple. The more lift then is needed to hydrofoil works the same as keep the boat levitated. The an airplane wing (airfoil): for result is an uncontrolled up- I suspect that, secretly, you a given shape, angle of at- ward launch of the boat, all watched some of the ac- tack, and camber the which only stops when the tion during the last install- (air)hydrofoil creates an up- foils themselves pop out of ment of the America’s Cup ward force perpendicular to the water, at which point the finals. Maybe you think this its direction of motion, the lift suddenly drops to zero. regatta was the epitome of lift force. This lift increases After this the boat will fall sailboat racing. On the other with speed and, crucially, is back into the water, proba- hand, you may well see the directly proportional to the bly in a highly uncontrolled whole circus as a most density of the medium manner resulting in pitch- abominable demonstration through which the foil is poling, capsizing or both. of commercialization and a moving. Because the density Not a nice perspective at disgrace to the sport. Re- of water is roughly thousand these speeds. The whole gardless of your, and in fact time bigger than that of air, mechanism seems intrinsi- my, opinion on the merit of a hydrofoil can create a lot cally unstable. this event, we cannot deny of lift at modest speeds and the fact that from a technical the foil can remain rather In reality the above sketched point of view the cup final small. A few square meters scenario is not observed. introduced a new and inter- of foil area sufce to lift a Apparently there is some esting novelty. It was for the seven ton monster com- stabilizing mechanism at first time that such large pletely out of the water at work which causes the boat boats competed in a match speeds as ‘low’ as 25 knots. to be levitated to a fixed race while successfully using distance above the water. So hydrofoils. Moreover, the So far so good, so what’s the what is it? The short answer foils had been added almost mystery? Imagine the boat is is that we are saved by the as an afterthought. traveling at a speed where fact that the lift generated the foil provides just enough by the foil becomes smaller, Let’s have a close look at lift to balance the weight of and its resistance bigger, as how these foils work. In fact, the boat. As soon as the hull it gets closer to the surface. it seems miraculous that the leaves the water the water This means that the faster huge monsters, which look resistance is dramatically the boat moves, the foils more like oil-rigs1 than like decreased (this is the whole move up closer to the sur- sailboats , can maintain a point of deploying the foils face up to the point where stable level flight one meter in the first place). The re- the reduction in lift is just above the water for most of duced drag means that the sufcient to provide an exact the time, with such low-tech boat accelerates and the re- balance between lift-force hydrofoils which ofer lim- sult is that the lift generated and boat weight. by the foils also becomes

! PAGE 34 FDBULLETIN; NR 158, MAY 2012

Dr. Gizmo

This phenomenon was and bottom surfaces. In overhead of the airfoil. At clearly observable in the vid- turn, this pressure diference this position the streamlines eos of the America’s cup: is due to the diference in are closer together and, when sailing upwind at lower flow speed of the fluid above consequently, the chunk be- speeds, the hulls of the and below the foil (faster comes narrower and there- boats were just barely out of motion = lower pressure, fore longer. If we imagine the water. When the boats slower motion = higher the water flow as a conveyor were reaching, the speeds pressure). This can be visu- belt of such chunks of water increased and concomitantly alized with the help of it is clear that where the the boats lifted further out streamlines as is shown in streamlines are closer to- of the water. the top panel (a) of the fig- gether, the chunks of water ure above. These stream- have to be moving faster to To wrap up this story let me lines (just a few of them are make room for the next try to explain why the lift is shown) indicate the path chunk. Obviously, below the reduced as the foil ap- that a water particle will fol- foil the converse is true, the proaches the water surface. low. In this figure, the little streamlines move apart and Let us recap the basics of blue rectangle at the left is a the chunks slow down (red airfoil theory. The lift force small ‘chunk’ of water rectangles). So this explains on a moving air(hydro)foil squeezed in between two the speed diference respon- originates from the pressure adjacent streamlines. A sible for the pressure jump diference between the top short time later this same across the foil. chunk of water has arrived

! PAGE 35 FDBULLETIN; NR 158, MAY 2012

Dr. Gizmo

Panel a in the figure depicts wrong: along the upper deep water case have now the situation for a foil which streamline there is still a been deflected from passing is submerged deep beneath pressure drop just above the above the foil to below it. the water surface. What hap- foil by the same argument as The result is that the pres- pens if the foil is located just given above in the descrip- sure drop above the foil is a small distance under the tion of panel a but this can- reduced and, likewise, the surface? Let’s look at panel not be right. We know that pressure increase below it b. Here the blue line indi- the pressure at the surface has become less. So the total cates the position of the wa- must be equal to the atmos- lift force generated by the ter surface in the absence of pheric pressure everywhere. foil in shallow water is less the foil. The situation shown Finally in panel d we show than in the deeply sub- here is clearly nonsense: what really happens . There merged case. In summary: at some of the streamlines are is still a bump in the water any speed there is a foil- above the surface. So let’s surface but now the stream- depth at which the lift ex- change the figure to the lines are drawn in such a actly balances the boat situation shown in panel c. manner that their distance weight. The submersion Here we have drawn the remains constant close to depth of the foil will self- same streamlines as in fig. 1 the surface (the blue and the adjust to this stable posi- a but the water surface now green streamline are at a tion. All the sailors have to coincides with the top- constant distance). This im- do is sit back, relax in their streamline. The surface plies that some of the cockpits and enjoy the bulges up together with this streamlines which were smooth ride. streamline. Still something is above the surface in the Improve boatspeed shape your own foils

One of the easiest ways to some idea of how to work important to have straight improve boatspeed is to ac- with it. It takes adhesives grain with no knots and the quire a new set of foils, the and finishes as well. Addi- wood should be ideally be center- or daggerboards be- tionally wood has excellent kiln dried for the best stif- ing more important then the stifness to weight ratio. Ex- ness and dimensional stabil- rudder. actly what good foils require, ity. The stifest wood foils as well as outstanding fa- have straight grain and cer- Why use wood for foils? tigue resistance. But it needs tain woods are selected for Although materials such as a protection moisture to fewest defects, Western Red PVC foam are being used keep it dry. Microscopically, Cedar and Spruce being ob- now in some high perform- wood is like closely packed vious examples. Plywood is ance classes, wood is still bundle of parallel drinking generally less efective since the most widely used mate- straws. This is what gives up to half the plies usually rial. Why wood? wood its stifness and high have grain orientated in a bending strength. Wood is direction which is of little Wood is relativaly inexpen- nature’s own undirectional use in contributing to a stif sive and most people have material. For foils it is most foil.

! PAGE 36 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

Foils construction guide

Foil Design Fig 1 - A Parallel-sided Foil Ways In Which Different Woods Are Used There are four basic designs used today:

1. Relies on the wood to provide all the strength and stiffness required. Here a relatively strong, stiff and heavy timber such as a mahogany is usually selected. For some cases plywood may be adequate but will never be as stiff.

2. Uses the same wood as in (i) but the entire surface is sheathed elliptically rounded tapered trailing with a lightweight woven glass fabric reinforcement (usually a leading edge edge single layer). This will give considerably enhanced resistance to surface damage and abrasion and a little extra stiffness though eg: Mirror, 420, 470, Enterprise, GP14 the improvement in stiffness will not be significant. This type is by far the easiest to shape and most classes allow a 3. Uses a combination of a low density wood such as obeche, fully laminated structure for maximum stiffness. However, a few cedar or spruce together with mahogany to achieve an overall classes still restrict the owner to using plywood which although not weight reduction without a significant loss of stiffness. These the most efficient, does help to obtain symmetrical shaping. foils must be sheathed with woven glass to strengthen the lighter wood particularly. The fully streamlined section is the most efficient and satisfying to 4. Uses the wood predominantly as a ‘core’ material, which is construct since there are many variations that can be tried within the sheathed with load-bearing fibre skins such as E-glass, or bet- class thickness restrictions. Generally it is best to use the thickest ter still carbon, to provide the strength and stiffness required. section which the rules permit. Other design considerations relat- The wood in this case can be a very light type such as obeche, ing to section are: leading edge radius, trailing edge dimensions, yellow pine, spruce or even balsa but Western Red cedar is prob- thickness taper and section characteristics: ably most widely used. More dinghy classes now permit this type of construction. Where mahogany has been traditionally Fig 2 - A Streamlined Section Foil used, changing from a tropical hardwood is preferable on both

ecological grounds and for ease of shaping. It can also be kept chord reasonably inexpensive if glass and not carbon is used as the main reinforcement.

Which Wood? Ta b l e 1 A Comparison of the Stiffness (given by Youngs Modulus E, Par- thickness ‘T’ allel to the Grain) with Density, for a Range of Wood Species point of maximum Youngs Modulus Specific Stiffness thickness Wood E, parallel to Density (stiffness per Type (kg/m3) grain (N/mm2) unit weight) leading edge radius (make this ellipitcal) Balsa 4391 170 25.8 Western Red Cedar 8403 320 26.3 eg: 505, Merlin-Rocket, National 12, International Moth, Graduate White Pine 9387 350 26.8 Spruce 11880 370 29.7 Use NACA-00 Series sections, a typical one being NACA-00-08 (8% Kyaha Mahogany 11430 480 23.8 thickness to chord ratio). Plot the shape for various stations down the span from the data given. Transfer on to graph paper and then It can be seen that, in general, the heavier the wood, the greater to templates made from Formica, 4mm plywood or hardboard. You the stiffness. Stiffness per unit weight (specific stiffness) becomes will require about 3 or 4 of templates per centreboard. These can a ‘constant’ figure (approx.) and therefore this allows one to predict be kept for future reference to either check the section periodically a wood's stiffness if its density is known. or to make a copy.

Section Shape Plan Shape Some classes have a rule restriction on streamlining which limits the Plan shapes can sometimes vary within class measurement param- amount of edge fairing and bevelling, keeping most of the section eters but if it is unrestricted the best are generally elliptical. Other parallel-sided: considerations which can affect performance are aspect ratio, plan taper, area, tip shape and sweep:

! PAGE 37 GWFC-7-0907-2 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

Foils construction guide

Fig 3 - Some Foil Parameters (ii) Foils requiring structural sheathing - unidirectional carbon, 200 g/m2 - 300 g/m2 eg: UT-C 200/400 (200g/m2 ) UT-C 300/400 (300g/m 2 ) root chord sweep angle

Why Unidirectional Fibres Are Necessary Although wood is a stiff material for its weight (high specific stiff- Span, S ness) and somewhat better in this respect than glass, even the most dense timber is not superior to carbon which has the highest specific stiffness of all available fibres in boatbuilding.

Table 2 tip chord Relative Stiffness Values of Wood vs. Synthetic Fibres

Material Specific Stiffness (Youngs modulus, E)

Full information on foil design can be found in reference books on Kyaha mahogany 23.8 foil design. Western Red Cedar 26.3

Materials E-glass 18.7 Epoxy Adhesives All wood used, whether high or low density types, should be lami- R-glass 22.1 nated in 38mm - 50mm strips glued with an epoxy adhesive. Ap- Carbon 71.5 propriate SP Products are SP 106, SP 320, Ampreg 21 or Spabond 370 systems, using the appropriate Fast hardener and thickened Carbon is approximately three times stiffer than wood on a weight with SP Microfibres. Spabond 370 being the exception as it is pre- basis, so it is worth substituting carbon for wood where necessary. thickend. Epoxy has qualities which make it far superior to other The necessary stiffness down the span can be built up by using an glues such as urea-formaldehyde or resorcinol as it is non-shrink- appropriate number of layers (laminations) of unidirectional glass or ing, gap-filling, clear, tough, and does not require pressure to give carbon. Those with an engineering background could work this out a good bond. To ensure the best bond for all woods, especially from first principles but to help everybody (including the author) an softwoods, glueing faces should be either unplaned or roughened example has been prepared of what can be achieved using different before applying adhesive. woods and different reinforcements (see Appendix).

Epoxy Laminating Resins Stiffness across the chord can be achieved by using a woven glass Epoxy rather than polyester systems are essential for laminating as reinforcement where 50% of the woven fibres (weft) will be orientated they have the necessary adhesion and toughness. Either Ampreg 21 at 90° to the main axis of the span so these fibres run transversely for laminating or SP 320 is suitable, the latter being far preferable if across the chord towards the trailing edge. a clear finish is required. Both systems give excellent fibre wet-out, adequate working time and the appropriate mechanical properties. Procedure for Making a Fully Reinforced Foil Use standard hardener with Ampreg 21 and slow hardener with SP Preparation Of The Board 320. Avoid using a fast hardener if possible unless you are skilled Cut the wood to 38 - 50mm wide strips and arrange to laminate at using the products and appreciate the short pot life and working together. Make sure each individual strip cut is turned 'end-to-end’ time available. and alternatively ‘upside-down’. This arrangement will counter any tendency for an individual strip to warp. Glue the strips together Reinforcement Fibres with epoxy adhesive. When cured pass the laminated board through The following types of fabrics and styles are appropriate: a thicknesser (after removing excess cured glue with a ‘Surform’ and hand grinder). At this stage refer to section covering “Leading (i) Plain sheathed foils and trailing edges”. - woven E-glass, usually 165g - 200g/m2 eg: RE165T (165 g/m2) or RE210 D (210 g/m2 ) Establish the plan shape and other design parameters. Scribe a

centreline around the entire edge and work to a set of construction Either RE165T or RE210D is suitable for clear sheathing. lines pencilled or scribed identically on each face and edges (see

! PAGE 38

GWFC-7-0907-3 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

Foils construction guide

Fig 4). These are set out to encompass the desired section shape Fig. 7 - Plan for Laminating Unidirectional Glass or Carbon Fibres (see Fig 5). onto the Shaped Wood.

keel line 3rd layer 2nd layer Shape using a plane (electric or hand plane or both) to remove the 1st layer required amount of wood.

Shaping the Wood Blank HEAD Figure 4 - Stage 1 - Marking Out 100% 70% 40% Approx proportion of span

Sheathing Stage Stage 1: 1st and 2nd (or 3rd) layers of unidirectional fibres

centreline (scribe from both faces for greater accuracy) (depending on stiffness required) Stage 2: Overlaying with woven glass

Figure 5 - Stage 2 - Basic Shaping Stage 1 Procedures (a) Lay the shaped wood board flat and clean the surface with remove shaded material construction lines SP Fast Epoxy Solvent

(b) Using a brush or foam roller coat the entire surface with epoxy first using a Fast hardener mix, allow to cure then sand thoroughly with 80 grit paper. When laminating with glass (either UD types or woven) aim to:

(i) Use the minimum amount of resin - do not float the Divide fwd face into 4 1 keep this position flat for now and remove 2 x /4 as shown fibres on the resin (ii) Ensure a thorough wet-out of the fibres (iii) Eliminate all trapped air with good consolidation Figure 6 - Stage 3 - Rounding Off technique using bristle or paddle rollers. Check section at each stage with template (c) Laminate the UD fibres one side at a time using nylon peel ply to finish. Before the resin has hardened fully turn the board over and repeat the process. Details of using Peel Ply can be found in SP information guide on "Sheathing wood with glass fibre reinforcement." make leading edge elliptical round off corners (d) When cured, trim off round the edge with scissors and fair up with an epoxy filler mix (S'Fill 400 or S'Fair 600 are the Leave 1mm width on the trailing edge of sheathed boards and up easiest to use). Allow to cure and then sand with 60-80 grit to 3-4mm on boards not sheathed. paper. Recheck each station section with templates.

Do the final shaping (see Fig 6) with spoke shave and 80 grit Stage 2 Procedures paper across the chord. Fair in any obvious 'flat' areas. Check The next stage is common to 'plain-sheathed' foils and involves regularly the profile of the stations along the length of the foil laminating the woven glass reinforcement. against the templates. (a) Clamp the board by the head in a Black & Decker Workmate Sheathing or vice so that the full length of the shaped section is acces Use the unidirectional fibres first, either in 100mm wide tapes sible with the leading edge horizontal and uppermost. Forget confined to the area of maximum thickness or laid over the whole about the head at this point, just work on the rest. The board chord. Either two or three will be required over a low density is presented this way to enable you to wrap the glass eas wood core. If using narrow tapes it is best to remove some ily around the leading edge in order to preserve the chord wood with a block plane to create a 'trough' in which the tapes shape and give the required surface reinforcement. This can lie without creating any unfairness. method also helps to achieve a hard-wearing trailing edge (see later section on leading and trailing edges).

! PAGE 39 GWFC-7-0907-4 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

Foils construction guide

(b) Drape the glass over the leading edge dry and trim roughly to Suggested Reading size with scissors. Leave about 50 mm spare all round. Theory of Wing Sections - Abbott & von Doenhoff - Abbott 1959 The Design of Sailing Yachts - Pierre Gutelle - Nautical Books - (c) Roll on epoxy resin (using the appropriate speed hardener) to 1984 fully wet out the woven glass and snip off excess glass whilst Sheathing Wood with Glassfibre Reinforcement - an SP wet. Technical Information Guide

(d) Lay peel ply into the laminate. Leave at least 24 hours, re For further information contact SP Technical Services move board from the vice and then laminate the head area overlapping the cloth by 50 mm. Use peel ply again. Appendix (e) Leave to cure at least 12 hours then remove the peel ply, Designing the Stiffest Foils skim with epoxy filler and sand when cured. Check profile. Exactly what and how much reinforcement material to use to build a stiff centreboard has always resulted in a bit of guesswork and using (f) Apply one or two coats of resin (with fast hardener) to seal retrieved information based on experience of what works. However the filler and provide a smooth, hard glossy surface. with the help of Finite Element Analysis it is possible to predict the effect on stiffness of using different materials. The objectives Leading And Trailing Edges in this exercise were to examine the effect of changing the wood These techniques can be used singly or in combination: core and the amount, type and distribution of the reinforcement on stiffness, weight and cost. n For a solid epoxy leading and trailing edge, cut a groove in the ‘blank’ once the plan shape has been cut out. Use a 3 - 6 mm Achieving a higher level of performance obviously has a cost since diameter router and set it to cut a trough 5 - 8 mm deep around more expensive materials are used, so the stiffness criterion of tip the periphery of the underwater portion of the foil. Fill the groove deflection under a given realistic load, has been linked to the cost with epoxy thickened with colloidal silica and graphite powder of the materials used (wood, resin and reinforcement) and actual but use an unthickened mix to prime the wood first. A hot air weight for each example. gun is useful here to warm the wood and achieve better epoxy Calculations relate to a centreboard using the following materials penetration into the wood. When hard, fair off using a “Surform” and with the following parameters: tool first then 80 grit paper. When the board is fully shaped the epoxy leading and trailing edges will become apparent. This Wood core: Brazilian mahogany or Western Red technique is useful whether the foil is sheathed or not. Cedar (WR Cedar) Reinforcements: Unidirectional fibres n Another technique applies only to creating a trailing edge. When - carbon (200g/m2) UT-C 200/400 laying the woven fabric let the cloth extend 2 - 4 mm over the - glass (250g/m2) UT-E250/500 edge and allow the resin to gel slightly before trimming off. Fill Woven fibres the enclosed ‘groove’ with an epoxy mix thickened with colloidal - glass (210g/m2) RE210D silica when hard. Resin: Ampreg 21 epoxy laminating system n The forward bottom edge can be very vulnerable - We recom- Wood core thickness: 23mm (constant thickness down span) mend cutting off 10 - 15 mm at 45° after sheathing and recreat- Root chord width: 36.3 cm ing the shape from a filled epoxy, shaped and faired into the Tip chord width: 18.8 cm remainder. Span (from keel to tip): 100 cm Plan shape: roughly elliptical Finishing Systems Distribution of UD fibres 100% of span (keel line to tip)70% and Once the board is shaped and/or sheathed the following can apply: effective in calculation: 40% of span respectively Applied load: 1000N (approx 100 kg) distributed If a clear finish is required ‘flow coat’ with SP 320 epoxy with Fast along the span of the board in hardener working on one side at a time. In this case do not use proportion to the chord. This is epoxy filler over the glass as it will be visible. Build up to a good diagramatically represented. thickness of 2 - 3 coats before sanding and polishing (or use a 2 pack polyurethane varnish - SP Ultravar 2000 for the final coat). The Test Examples The following compares the stiffness of an unsheathed solid ma- If a painted or white pigmented finish is required use SP Hibuild 302 hogany board (Example 1) with ones using a core of lightweight undercoat (white) first then a 2 pack polyurethane paint system for a cedar sheathed with three complete layers of unidirectional glass hard finish. Alternatively flow coat using SP 320 epoxy resin system (Example 2) or three layers of carbon (Example 3). As an exercise with SP white epoxy pigment incorporated. When hard wet sand we then compare the effect of reducing and redistributing the carbon with 180 grit down to 320 grade. Finally wet sand using 400 to 800 more effectively (Example 4) and the effect of adding an additional wet abrasive for a smooth finish. This latter method gives the most complete layer (Example 5) on the stiffness (tip deflection under durable surface finish which can most easily be repaired.

! PAGE 40 GWFC-7-0907-5 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

Foils construction guide

load), weight and material cost. The material cost includes the cost Conclusions of the stock wood, resin and reinforcement based on current retail If high stiffness and light weight are required then selecting a low prices and assumes zero wastage. An additional 15% would be density wood core and sheathing it with unidirectional fibres is the realistic for waste. Reinforcement cost includes an overall covering best way to achieve this objective. The cost of glass sheathing can of lightweight woven E-glass (RE210D) in all cases except the bare be largely offset by changing from an expensive wood (Brazilian mahogany example where no coating cost has been included in the mahogany which is widely available) to a relatively cheap wood calculations. All costs and weights also cover materials used in the (Western Red cedar). It gives a useful gain in stiffness (+ 27.5%) head portion of the board which was estimated at approximately for no weight gain. If carbon is substituted for glass then stiffness 0.07 sqm area. increases dramatically (+ 69.2%) with a corresponding rise in cost Tip Board Approx (+ 178.4%). Weight does not change. Reducing the amount of Defl. Weight Material (cm) (kg) Cost carbon used and redistributing it away from the tip to areas where it will be more effective can reduce the cost rise to + 124.3% without Example 1 - Mahogany, no sheathing, no finishing resins a significant loss of stiffness (+67.0%). However this results in a significant weight reduction of 19.2% over the original mahogany mahogany 9.1 3.44 Base Line unsheathed board. This is probably the optimum design. The ef- fect of adding another full layer of carbon to each face gives the Example 2 - WR Cedar + 3 layers UD glass to 100% of span anticipated stiffness benefit over the last example of an additional 23.3% but with an extra 29.5% in weight and 26.3% extra cost of materials. WR cedar 6.6 3.45 +29% Notice All advice, instruction or recommendation is given in good faith but the Company only warrants that advice in writing is given with Example 3 - WR Cedar + 3 layers UD carbon to 100% span reasonable skill and care. No further duty or responsibility is ac- cepted by the Company. All advice is given subject to the terms and conditions of sale (the Conditions) which are available on request from the Company or may be viewed at the Company’s Website: WR cedar 2.8 3.45 +221% www.gurit.com.

The Company strongly recommends that Customers make test Example 4 - WR Cedar + 3 layers UD carbon to 40%, 70%,100% panels and conduct appropriate testing of any goods or materials span respectively supplied by the Company to ensure that they are suitable for the Customer’s planned application. Such testing should include testing under conditions as close as possible to those to which the final WR cedar 3.0 2.78 +167% component may be subjected. The Company specifically excludes any warranty of fitness for purpose of the goods other than as set out in writing by the Company. The Company reserves the right to change specifications and prices without notice and Customers should satisfy Example 5 - WR Cedar + 4 layers UD carbon to 40%, 70%,2 x themselves that information relied on by the Customer is that which 100% span respectively is currently published by the Company on its website. Any queries may be addressed to the Technical Services Department.

SP guides are being continuously reviewed and updated. Please WR cedar 2.3 3.60 +237% ensure that you have the current version before using the product, by contacting Gurit Marketing Communications and quoting the revision number in the bottom left-hand corner of this page. Alter- natively, the latest version can be downloaded from our web site: www.gurit.com.

Gurit (UK) Ltd Gurit (Australia) Gurit (Canada) St Cross Business Park Unit 1A / 81 Bassett Street 175 rue Péladeau Isle of Wight Mona Vale Magog (Québec) PO30 5WU 2103 NSW Canada J1X 5G9 United Kingdom Australia Tel: +44 (0)1983 828000 Tel: +61 2 9979 7248 Tel: +1 819 847 2182 Fax: +44 (0)1983 828100 Fax: +61 2 9979 6378 Fax: +1 819 847 2572 E mail: [email protected] E mail: [email protected] E mail: [email protected] Web site: www.gurit.com Web site: www.gurit.com Web site: www.gurit.com

!Copyright © 2002 PAGE 41 All rights reserved. All registered trademarks in this document are the property of their

GWFC-7-0907-6 FDBULLETIN; NR 161, JANUARY 2014

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