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JSS 046 2B Luce Earlysyamin
THE EAFk v SYAM IN Bi.JRrviAjS HIS16RV by G. H. Luce 1 Not long ago, I was asked to give an opinion about a pro posal to write the history of the Shans. The proposal came from a Shan scholar for whom I have great respect, and who was as well fitted as any Shan I know to do the work. He planned to assemble copies of all the Shan State Chronicles extant; to glean all references to the Shan States in Burmese Chronicles; and finally to collect source materiu.ls in English. · Such, in brief, was the plan. I had to point out that it omitted what, for the older periods at least, were the most important sources of all: the original Old 'l'h ai inscriptions of the north, the number of which, if those from East Bm·ma, North Siam and Laos, are included, may well exceed a hundred; 1 and the elated contem porary reco1·cls in Chinese, from the 13th century onwards. I do not know if these sources have been adequately tapped in Siam. · They certainly have not in Burma. And since the earlier period, say 1.250 to 1450 A.D., is the time of the m~'tSS movements of the Dai2 southward from Western Yunnan, radiating all over Fmther India and beyond, the subject is one, I think, that concerns Siam no less than Burma. I am a' poor scholar of 'l'hai; so I shall confine myself here to Chinese and Burmese sources. The Chinese ones are mainly the dynastic histories of the Mongols in China (the Yuan-shih ), and the his-' tory of the earlier half of the Ming dynasty (the Ming-shih ). -
The Ethnography of Tai Yai in Yunnan
LAK CHANG A reconstruction of Tai identity in Daikong LAK CHANG A reconstruction of Tai identity in Daikong Yos Santasombat Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Cover: The bride (right) dressed for the first time as a married woman. Previously published by Pandanus Books National Library in Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Santasombat, Yos. Lak Chang : a reconstruction of Tai identity in Daikong. Author: Yos Santasombat. Title: Lak chang : a reconstruction of Tai identity in Daikong / Yos Santasombat. ISBN: 9781921536380 (pbk.) 9781921536397 (pdf) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Tai (Southeast Asian people)--China--Yunnan Province. Other Authors/Contributors: Thai-Yunnan Project. Dewey Number: 306.089959105135 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. First edition © 2001 Pandanus Books This edition © 2008 ANU E Press iv For my father CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgements xii Introduction 1 Historical Studies of the Tai Yai: A Brief Sketch 3 The Ethnography of Tai Yai in Yunnan 8 Ethnic Identity and the Construction of an Imagined Tai Community 12 Scope and Purpose of this Study 16 Chapter One: The Setting 19 Daikong and the Chinese Revolution 20 Land Reform 22 Tai Peasants and Cooperative Farming 23 The Commune 27 Daikong and the Cultural Revolution 31 Lak -
Chapter 6 South-East Asia
Chapter 6 South-East Asia South-East Asia is the least compact among the extremity of North-East Asia. The contiguous ar- regions of the Asian continent. Out of its total eas constituting the continental interior include land surface, estimated at four million sq.km., the the highlands of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and mainland mass has a share of only 40 per cent. northern Vietnam. The relief pattern is that of a The rest is accounted for by several thousand is- longitudinal ridge and furrow in Myanmar and lands of the Indonesian and Philippine archipela- an undulating plateau eastwards. These are re- goes. Thus, it is composed basically of insular lated to their structural difference: the former and continental components. Nevertheless the being a zone of tertiary folds and the latter of orographic features on both these landforms are block-faulted massifs of greater antiquity. interrelated. This is due to the focal location of the region where the two great axes, one of lati- The basin of the Irrawady (Elephant River), tudinal Cretaceo-Tertiary folding and the other forming the heartland of Myanmar, is ringed by of the longitudinal circum-Pacific series, converge. mountains on three sides. The western rampart, This interface has given a distinctive alignment linking Patkai, Chin, and Arakan, has been dealt to the major relief of the region as a whole. In with in the South Asian context. The northern brief, the basic geological structures that deter- ramparts, Kumon, Kachin, and Namkiu of the mine the trend of the mountains are (a) north- Tertiary fold, all trend north-south parallel to the south and north-east in the mainland interior, (b) Hengduan Range and are the highest in South- east-west along the Indonesian islands, and (c) East Asia; and this includes Hkakabo Raz north-south across the Philippines. -
The Country of the Shans Author(S): R
The Country of the Shans Author(s): R. G. Woodthorpe Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 6 (Jun., 1896), pp. 577-600 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774150 Accessed: 26-06-2016 05:02 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 178.250.250.21 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 05:02:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Geographical Journal. NO. 6. JUNE, 1896. VOL. VII. THE COUNTRY OF THE SHANS.X By Colonel R; G. WOODTHORPE, C.B., R.E. I sx not going to-night to tell you tales of stirring adventure, or of lengthy travels pursued under trying conditions, of hardships so cheer- fully borne and privations so gallantly endured that we feel proud, not only of our countrymen, but also of our country-women. Such tales you have lately listened to; and the adventures of Mrs. J. G. Scott, who has accompanied her husband in all his travels, would make a thrilling narrative. -
Mountains of Asia a Regional Inventory
International Centre for Integrated Asia Pacific Mountain Mountain Development Network Mountains of Asia A Regional Inventory Harka Gurung Copyright © 1999 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development All rights reserved ISBN: 92 9115 936 0 Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box 3226 Kathmandu, Nepal Photo Credits Snow in Kabul - Madhukar Rana (top) Transport by mule, Solukhumbu, Nepal - Hilary Lucas (right) Taoist monastry, Sichuan, China - Author (bottom) Banaue terraces, The Philippines - Author (left) The Everest panorama - Hilary Lucas (across cover) All map legends are as per Figure 1 and as below. Mountain Range Mountain Peak River Lake Layout by Sushil Man Joshi Typesetting at ICIMOD Publications' Unit The views and interpretations in this paper are those of the author(s). They are not attributable to the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Preface ountains have impressed and fascinated men by their majesty and mystery. They also constitute the frontier of human occupancy as the home of ethnic minorities. Of all the Mcontinents, it is Asia that has a profusion of stupendous mountain ranges – including their hill extensions. It would be an immense task to grasp and synthesise such a vast physiographic personality. Thus, what this monograph has attempted to produce is a mere prolegomena towards providing an overview of the regional setting along with physical, cultural, and economic aspects. The text is supplemented with regional maps and photographs produced by the author, and with additional photographs contributed by different individuals working in these regions. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Globba Subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae)
European Journal of Taxonomy 503: 1–37 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.503 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2019 · Sangvirotjanapat S. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article A taxonomic revision of Globba subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae) Sunisa SANGVIROTJANAPAT 1, Jessada DENDUANGBORIPHANT 2 & Mark F. NEWMAN 3,* 1 Biological Sciences programme, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] Abstract. Globba subsect. Nudae K.Larsen is revised. Seven species are recognised and three names are lectotypifi ed. A key to the species and descriptions are provided. Three new species are described and illustrated: G. aranyaniae Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov., G. lithophila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov., and G. macrochila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. Four names based on types from Bangladesh, India and Myanmar remain doubtful. The morphological expression of andromonoecy in this group is described in detail. Provisional IUCN conservation assessments of all species are supplied. Keywords. Andromonoecy, Globba, Nudae, taxonomic revision, Zingiberaceae. Sangvirotjanapat S., Denduangboriphant J. & Newman M.F. 2019. A taxonomic revision of Globba subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae). European Journal of Taxonomy 503: 1–37. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.503 Introduction Globba L. belongs to the tribe Globbeae Meisn. of the subfamily Zingiberoideae Haask., family Zingiberaceae Martinov. -
Travels Exploring Myanmar
TRAVELS EXPLORING MYANMAR: THE LAND OF THE GOLDEN PAGOGA FEBRUARY 22-MARCH 7, 2013 Myanmar, often referred to as Burma, has a long way to go in terms of reforms, yet the progress it has made over the past few years has been surprising. Now is an interesting and exciting time to visit. Even with the recent developments, it seems as though you have stepped back 30 years in time. A treasure trove of cultural wonders undiscovered by the tour-bus crowd awaits exploration. Tribes nearly untouched by outside influence populate the hills, stunning empty beaches lie in anticipation of discovery, and the tinkling of temple bells evokes the ambiance of an earlier age. Indeed, you may hardly believe that such a world exists outside the works of Kipling. Your journey begins in Yangon (Rangoon), a city that has retained the grit, charm, and splendor of old Asia and is the site of the fabulous golden Shwedagon Pagoda. You’ll stay in a splendid hotel, enjoying the wonderful style and service reminiscent of the days of the Raj. Next, fly to the ancient capital of Pagan now known as Bagan. Today, after a thousand years, numerous earthquakes and the depredations of Kublai Khan, what remains still boggles the mind. Then up the Irrawaddy River—a lazy, fascinating journey—by chartered riverboat reserved exclusively for the Harvard Alumni Association to Mandalay, Burma’s last royal capital and now the country’s cultural and spiritual epicenter. There are many fine temples and interesting crafts in the country’s cultural center, Mandalay, and in nearby Amarapura and Sagaing, two former capitals. -
A Burmese Journey - from the Shan Hills to the Bay of Bengal (9 Or 12 Days) We Love Road Journeys
A Burmese Journey - From the Shan Hills to the Bay of Bengal (9 or 12 Days) We love road journeys. They are by far our favourite way of traveling. We think the world of western China and the countries that border on this region – think Vietnam, Lao, Thailand, Myanmar, for example. On the Road Experiences is all about sharing with like-minded travelers just how beautiful a road journey in these varied lands can be. Now turn the page to find out what we’ve come to love so much… p2 p3 Itinerary Map …where you will travel… p. 006 Yes, it is possible… p. 008 Journey of Discovery… p. 010 Day-by-day… p. 062 In closing... Any car you like, so long as it is an SUV… p. 081 Adventures and discoveries in local cuisines p. 082 What’s included/Best Months to Go... p. 084 Photo credits p. 087 p5 Itinerary Map Day1 Day7 Yangon to Inle Lake – Arrive in Mount Popa to Bagan – Visit a Yangon and fly to Inle Lake local village and learn how to make thanaka on the way to Bagan Day2 In and around Inle Lake – Float Day8 across the serene waters of Inle In and around Bagan – Start with Lake and discover the Intha people’s a stroll through the colourful local unique way of life market and continue with visits to the most significant temples of Day3 Bagan Inle Lake to Pindaya – Travel to the pleasant lakeside town of Pindaya Day9 and visit Shwe Oo Min Natural Cave Time to say goodbye – Fly to Pagoda Yangon and continue your journey home… or continue on the road Day4 with us: Pindaya to Mandalay – Leave Bagan to Yenanyaung – Along the the Shan Plateau behind as -
The Golden Triangle Opium Trade: an Overview by Bertil Lintner Chiang Mai, March 2000
The Golden Triangle Opium Trade: An Overview By Bertil Lintner Chiang Mai, March 2000 The Beginning Contrary to popular belief, the poppy has not always been a major cash crop in the Golden Triangle—and nor has the sale and consumption of opium always been illegal. Prior to World War Two, all countries in Southeast Asia has government-controlled opium monopolies, not unlike the tobacco monopolies today. What was illegal was to smuggle opium and to trade without a licence. Most local addicts were ethnic Chinese, who had migrated to Southeast Asia's urban centres in the 19th and early 20th centuries—and brought with them the opium smoking habit from their old homes in China. In the beginning, Thailand (then Siam) had actually tried to stop the practice. In 1811, King Loetlahnaphalai (Rama II) had promulgated Siam's first formal ban on selling and consuming opium. In 1839, King Nangklao (Rama III) reiterated the prohibition, and he introduced the death penalty for major opium traffickers. These efforts, however, were doomed to failure. Ethnic Chinese traffickers could be arrested and punished—but a much more powerful institution was pushing Siam to open its doors to the drug: the British East India Company, which had initiated large-scale cultivation in its Indian colonies, and was looking for new export markets in the region. Thailand was never a colony, but that did not mean that it escaped the scourges that had fol- lowed foreign rule in neighbouring countries. Finally, in 1852, Siam's revered King Mongkut (Rama IV) bowed to British pressures. -
Travelers and Sojourners in the Southeast Asian Highlands: a Review
Studies on Asia Review Essay Travelers and Sojourners In The Southeast Asian Highlands: A Review Talbott Huey Michigan State University, MI In the post-imperial twentieth century, and certainly since the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism in 1978, at least, Western writers on Asia have been self-consciously concerned not to blindly disparage or condescend to Asian peoples in historical and cultural observations. However, earlier works, some unabashedly Eurocentric, still may have much to teach us about that area. This paper reviews some interesting travel literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in this context. Two hundred years ago, political and economic systems in East and Southeast Asia were beginning to experience escalated challenges from the aggressive trading and political strategies of the European powers. Persistent urgings to trade had characterized European policies for three centuries; now actual colonial seizures began to seem desirable to the imperial powers. Impacts were varied. In Vietnam a civil war was nearing its end, and the victorious side was advised by a French missionary bishop. In India, the British Raj was looking covetously at Burma. Only in one part of the area, the Philippines, was a European flag flying over the capital. But the rest of the nineteenth century would see progressive imperial domination of Southeast Asia by European (and later, American) empires. Perhaps ironically, a similar political scenario can be seen in the relations between the lowland “rice-paddy” states of the area and their hinterlands in the extensive highland areas of both mainland and island Southeast Asia. In Vietnam, for example, civilized lowland regimes up until this time had never seriously attempted to colonize the highlands, but the Nguyen dynasty which came to power in 1802 adopted a policy of “pacification,” which involved “a strong military presence in strategic locations with the political incorporation of local chiefs in the Vietnamese administration, with establishing trade Series IV, Volume 1, No. -
Why Burma's Peace Efforts Have Failed to End Its Internal Wars
PEACEWORKS Why Burma’s Peace Efforts Have Failed to End Its Internal Wars By Bertil Lintner NO. 169 | OCTOBER 2020 Making Peace Possible NO. 169 | OCTOBER 2020 ABOUT THE REPORT Supported by the Asia Center’s Burma program at the United States Institute of Peace to provide policymakers and the general public with a better understanding of Burma’s eth- PEACE PROCESSES nic conflicts, this report examines the country’s experiences of peace efforts and why they have failed to end its wars, and suggests ways forward to break the present stalemate. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Bertil Lintner has covered Burma’s civil wars and related issues, such as Burmese pol- itics and the Golden Triangle drug trade, for nearly forty years. Burma correspondent for the Far Eastern Economic Review from 1982 to 2004, he now writes for Asia Times and is the author of several books about Burma’s civil war and ethnic strife. Cover photo: A soldier from the Myanmar army provides security as ethnic Karens attend a ceremony to mark Karen State Day in Hpa-an, Karen State, on November 7, 2014. (Photo by Khin Maung Win/AP) The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. An online edition of this and related reports can be found on our website (www.usip.org), together with additional information on the subject. © 2020 by the United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No. -
PDF EPUB} the Pacification of Burma (1912) by Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite Jun 11, 2007 · the Pacification of Burma
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Pacification Of Burma (1912) by Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite Jun 11, 2007 · The pacification of Burma. by. Crosthwaite, Charles Haukes Todd, Sir, 1835-1915. Publication date. 1912. Topics. Burma -- History, Great Britain -- Colonies Burma. …Pages: 446Images of The Pacification of Burma 1912 by Charles Haukes Todd … bing.com/imagesSee allSee all imagesThe Pacification of Burma by Charles Crosthwaitehttps://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22628981-the- pacification-of-burmaSep 12, 2013 · The Pacification of Burma book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. The Pacification of Burma By Sir Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite Mar 30, 2019 · The Pacification of Burma 430. by Charles Crosthwaite. Paperback $ 12.32 View All Available Formats & Editions. Ship This Item — Qualifies for Free Shipping Buy Online, Pick up in Store Check Availability at Nearby Stores. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. ...Author: Charles CrosthwaiteFormat: PaperbackPages: 430Videos of The Pacification Of Burma (1912) By Charles Haukes Tod… bing.com/videosWatch video53:11Burma, Buddhism, Neutralism727 viewsJun 22, 2011Internet ArchivePublic.Resource.Org from Hou…Watch video on Vimeo2:35Burma Update304 viewsJul 3, 2009VimeoLive Fire MediaWatch video2:05Burma's Tourist Industry Booms3.5K viewsMar 30, 2012YouTubeVOA NewsWatch video2:222100 by 2010: Burma's Forgotten Political Prisoners24K viewsSep 16, 2009YouTubeHuman Rights WatchWatch video1:19Baptists in Burma1.1K viewsApr 25, 2016VimeoAxis MapsSee more videos of The Pacification Of Burma (1912) By Charles Haukes Todd CrosthwaiteThe Pacification of Burma - Sir Charles Haukes Todd ...https://books.google.com/books/about/The...Sir Charles Haukes Todd Crosthwaite. E. Arnold, 1912 - Anglo-Burmese War, 3rd, 1885 - 355 pages. 0 Reviews.