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Materials Science and Engineering FALL 2019 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ‘TROJAN HORSE’ ANTICANCER DRUG DISGUISES ITSELF AS FAT Promising system delivers chemo drug straight into tumors with fewer side effects stealthy new drug-delivery system developed by Professor ANathan Gianneschi disguises chemotherapeutics as fat in order to outsmart, penetrate, and destroy tumors. Thinking the drugs are tasty fats, tumors invite the drug inside. Once there, the targeted drug activates, immediately suppressing tumor growth. The drug also is A modified chemotherapy drug hitches a ride through the bloodstream on human serum albumin. lower in toxicity than current chemotherapy drugs, leading to fewer side effects. (HSA), which carries molecules, including In the study, the researchers used the “It’s like a Trojan horse. It looks like a nice fats, throughout the body. drug delivery system to carry a common, little fatty acid, so the tumor’s receptors The body’s cellular receptors recognize FDA-approved chemotherapy drug, see it and invite it in. Then the drug starts the fats and proteins supplied by the HSA paclitaxel, into tumors in a small animal getting metabolized and kills the tumor and allow them inside. Quick-growing and model. Disguised as fat, the drug entered cells,” said Gianneschi, Jacob and Rosalind hungry, cancer cells consume the nutrients and completely eliminated the tumors in Cohn Professor of Chemistry, Materials much faster than normal cells. When three types of cancer: bone, pancreatic, Science and Engineering, and Biomedical the cancer cells metabolize the hidden and colon. Engineering. drug, they die. Even better: the researchers found they To develop the targeting system, “It’s like the fatty acid has a hand on could deliver 20 times the dose of paclitaxel Gianneschi and his team engineered a both ends: one can grab onto the drug and with their system, compared to two other long-chain fatty acid with two binding sites one can grab onto proteins,” Gianneschi paclitaxel-based drugs. But even at such — able to attach to drugs — on each end. said. “The idea is to disguise drugs as fats a high quantity, the drug in Gianneschi’s The fatty acid and its hitchhiking drugs are so that they get into cells and the body is system was still 17 times safer. then hidden inside human serum albumin happy to transport them around.” FROM THE CHAIR spaces, Professors Vinayak Dravid their commitment to scholarship and Rosaline Cohn Professor of Dear Friends, and John Rogers have moved and inspirational mentorship. We Chemistry, Materials Science their research groups to newly are grateful to the many former and Engineering, and Biomedical ummer always ends too constructed labs in an “in-fill” students and colleagues who Engineering, who moved to quickly, but as the fall quarter space between the A and B wings traveled to Evanston to share their Northwestern in 2017. Sapproaches at Northwestern, in the northwest corner of the heartfelt remembrances of this If you will be visiting campus for we’re looking forward to welcoming Technological Institute. On the remarkable couple. We continue to Northwestern’s Homecoming on new students and new spaces. Chicago campus, the Simpson be inspired by their example. Friday, October 26th, please stop Construction is proceeding Querry Institute, directed by As you’ll read in this issue, by the department office in the rapidly on renovations to the Professor Sam Stupp, will expand research efforts continue apace in afternoon to see the new space and Department of Materials Science into the new Simpson Querry a wide range of materials-related visit with old friends. and Engineering’s (MSE) teaching Biomedical Research Center, the areas, including biomedicine, Lastly, thank you to all who so lab, and we anticipate completion largest biomedical academic computational materials, and generously contributed funds to in time for fall classes. Relocated research building in the US. materials for computing, energy, the department, the Fine Lecture, to the main Cook Hall corridor, Professor Rogers, Professor Mark colloids, coatings, and more. These Jerome Cohen Professorship, and the renovated space will increase Hersam, and Professor Nathan efforts have been recognized with the Weertman Graduate Fellowship. MSE visibility to passersby. Gianneschi are among the MSE significant awards. MSE faculty The main teaching space is faculty part of this effort. led two teams that earned two designed to better facilitate active While we look forward to the Department of Energy Ten at Ten learning and small group work, innovations emerging from these Awards celebrating a decade of the with experimental stations new spaces, we have also taken Energy Frontier Research Center around the perimeter of the main time to honor the department’s program. In addition, faculty are room and two adjacent support legacy. Sadly, we lost both Hans and pursuing research in emerging rooms for materials processing, Julia Weertman within months of areas. Professor Hersam and synthesis, and characterization. each other in 2018. The Weertman Professor James Rondinelli, for The space is bright, modern, and Symposium, held last November, example, have received support to will enhance the MSE learning highlighted the breadth and depth explore quantum computing. experience at all levels. of their work in materials and The cover story introduces Erik Luijten In addition to new teaching geological sciences, as well as Professor Gianneschi, the Jacob Department Chair Northwestern Awarded $3.6 Million to Study Quantum Computing US Department of Energy calls field ‘next frontier’ in the Information Age group of Northwestern Mark Hersam, Walter P. Murphy University engineers and Professor of Materials Science and Quantum Information Science uses chemists have been awarded Engineering, and James Rondinelli, Morris the next generation of computing and $3.6 million from the US E. Fine Junior Professor in Materials and information processing. ADepartment of Energy to support their Manufacturing, are co-investigators on the work of creating better qubits, the Basic Energy Sciences grant project. of uses in the fields of medicine, science, smallest unit of a quantum computer. Possible long-term QIS applications and national security. Additionally, The grant is one of 85 research awards, include quantum computers capable of quantum computing is expected to totaling $218 million, focused on the solving large, extremely complex problems revolutionize the field of encryption, emerging field of Quantum Information that are beyond the capacity of today’s which is key to cybersecurity. Science (QIS), which is expected to lay most powerful supercomputers. Quantum The awards were made in conjunction the foundation for the next generation of systems also could be used to create with the White House Summit on computing and information processing. extremely sensitive sensors, with a variety Advancing American Leadership in QIS. 2 Northwestern University • McCormick School of Engineering SENSORS ARE FIRST TO MONITOR BABIES IN THE NICU WITHOUT WIRES Soft, flexible sensors provide clinical-grade measurements, allow physical bonding between baby and parent n interdisciplinary Northwestern University team led by Professor John Rogers has developed a pair of soft, flexible wireless Asensors that replace the tangle of wire- based sensors that currently monitor babies in hospitals’ neonatal intensive care units and pose a barrier to parent-baby cuddling and physical bonding. The team completed a series of first human studies on 70 premature babies at Prentice Women’s Hospital and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. The researchers concluded that the wireless sensors provided data as precise and accurate as that from traditional monitoring systems. The Above: Professor John Rogers outside his lab on the Evanston campus. Left: By placing a sensor wireless patches also are gentler on a on the baby’s foot, doctors can measure core newborn’s fragile skin and allow for more and body temperature. skin-to-skin contact with the parent. Existing sensors must be attached with scientists, engineers, dermatologists, adhesives that can scar and blister and pediatricians. premature newborns’ skin. Rogers estimates that his wireless “We were able to reproduce all of the sensors will appear in American hospitals functionality that current wire-based within the next two to three years. sensors provide with clinical-grade With support from two major nonprofit precision,” said Rogers, the Louis organizations, Rogers’s team expects Simpson and Kimberly Querrey Professor to send sensors to tens of thousands of of Materials Science and Engineering, families in developing countries over the Biomedical Engineering and Neurological the other sensor wraps around a foot. next year as part of an international effort. Surgery. “Our wireless, battery-free, (The chest sensor measures 5 centimeters skin-like devices give up nothing in terms by 2.5 centimeters; the foot sensor is of range of measurement, accuracy, 2.5 centimeters by 2 centimeters. Each and precision — and they even provide sensor weighs about the same as a “WE WERE ABLE TO advanced measurements that are clinically raindrop.) This strategy allows physicians REPRODUCE ALL OF important but not commonly collected.” to gather an infant’s core temperature THE FUNCTIONALITY The benefits of the new technology as well as body temperature from a reach beyond its lack of wires — peripheral region. THAT CURRENT measuring more than what’s possible “Differences in temperature between WIRE-BASED SENSORS with today’s clinical standards. the foot and the chest have great clinical PROVIDE WITH The dual wireless sensors monitor importance in determining blood flow CLINICAL-GRADE babies’ vital signs — heart rate, respiration and cardiac function. That’s something rate, and body temperature — from that’s not commonly done today,” said PRECISION.” opposite ends of the body. One sensor Rogers, who co-led the study published JOHN ROGERS lays across the baby’s chest or back, while in the journal Science with materials Materials Science and Engineering • Fall 2019 3 PROFESSOR EMERITUS JOHANNES WEERTMAN PASSES AWAY Weertman was an expert ohannes Weertman, Walter P.
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