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Manchester's Guardian Underground Telephone Exchange
Article for Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society Manchester’s Guardian Underground Telephone Exchange Richard Brook, Manchester School of Architecture Martin Dodge, Department of Geography, University of Manchester Introduction Deep under the heart of Manchester city centre lies a large network of reinforced concrete tunnels known as the Guardian Underground Telephone Exchange (GUTE). It is an ageing relic from the beginning of the Cold War era, built with some degree of secrecy in the mid 1950s, but it still operates silently and largely unmanned as an infrastructural space facilitating the communications of those above. Surprisingly little information regarding the GUTE is readily accessible and the subterranean nature of the structure itself acts to entomb the reality of its shape and scale. A lack of concrete information has allowed facts to be supplanted by myths, fostering numerous (mis)perceptions of the same intangible space. The GUTE was conceived during a time of escalating international tensions in the early 1950s as a ‘hardened’ bunker to protect vital national communication links in the event of an atomic bomb attack upon Manchester. However, this defining characteristic of subterranean defence was never achieved because, even before construction was complete in 1958, advances in nuclear weapons yield and the accuracy of intercontinental ballistic missiles meant the tunnel design would be ineffective for protection of the telecommunications machinery and personnel working within. The bombproof tunnels -
A Conservation Focused Inventory of Subterranean Invertebrates of the Southwest Illinois Karst
Julian J. Lewis, Philip Moss, Diane Tecic, and Matthew E. Nelson - A conservation focused inventory of subterranean invertebrates of the southwest Illinois Karst. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 65, n. 1, p. 9-21. A CONSERVATION FOCUSED INVENTORY OF SUBTERRANEAN INVERTEBRATES OF THE SOUTHWESTERN ILLINOIS KARST JULIAN J. LEWIS J. Lewis and Associates, Biological Consulting, 217 W. Carter Avenue, Clarksville, IN 47129 USA PHILIP MOSS Ozark Underground Laboratory, 1572 Aley Lane, Protem, MO 65733 USA DIANE TECIC Natural Heritage Regional Administrator, 4521 Alton Commerce Parkwary, Alton, IL 62025 USA MATTHEW E. NELSON formerly The Nature Conservancy; current 7401 Placer Run, Fort Wayne, IN 46815 USA In 1998-1999 The Nature Conservancy conducted a bioinventory of caves in Monroe and St. Clair coun- ties in southwestern Illinois. This karst area comprises a small section of the Ozark Plateau isolated from the Missouri Ozarks by the Mississippi River. In the 71 sites that were sampled, 41 species thought to be globally rare were found and were assigned state (S) and global (G) ranks of rarity for conservation use. The list includes 10 species considered to be new to science and 12 species previously unreported from Illinois. Twenty four taxa were classified as obligate subterranean species, including four endemic species: the pseudoscorpion Mundochthonius cavernicolus, the amphipod Gammarus acherondytes, the milliped Chaetaspis sp. (undescribed), and the dipluran Eumesocampa sp. (undescribed). Gammarus acherondytes, recently listed as an endangered species, was found in six previously unsampled caves. All sites were rank-ordered according to the number of global and state rare species. The greatest single site diversity was found in Fogelpole Cave with 18 global and 20 state rare species. -
Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Draft Recovery Plan
Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Draft Recovery Plan March 2008 Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Draft Recovery Plan BEXAR COUNTY KARST INVERTEBRATES DRAFT RECOVERY PLAN Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, New Mexico March 2008 Approved: ___DRAFT_______________________________________ Regional Director, Southwest Region Date U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Concur: __DRAFT____________________________________________ Executive Director Date Texas Parks and Wildlife Department ii Bexar County Karst Invertebrates Draft Recovery Plan DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that the best available science indicates are necessary to recover or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), but are sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, state agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans are guidance and planning documents only. Identification of an action to be implemented by any private or public party does not create a legal obligation beyond existing legal requirements. Nothing in this plan should be construed as a commitment or requirement that any Federal agency obligate or pay funds in contravention of the Anti-Deficiency Act (U.S.C. 1341) or any other law or regulation. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the Service. They represent the official position of the Service only after the plan has been signed by the Regional Director as approved. -
A Biological Inventory of Eight Caves in Northwestern Georgia with Conservation Implications
Kurt A. Buhlmann - A biological inventory of eight caves in northwestern Georgia with conservation implications. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 63(3): 91-98. A BIOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF EIGHT CAVES IN NORTHWESTERN GEORGIA WITH CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS KURT A. BUHLMANN1 University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802 USA A 1995 biological inventory of 8 northwestern Georgia caves documented or re-confirmed the presence of 46 species of invertebrates, 35 considered troglobites or troglophiles. The study yielded new cave records for amphipods, isopods, diplurans, and carabid beetles. New state records for Georgia included a pselaphid beetle. Ten salamander species were in the 8 caves, including a true troglobite, the Tennessee cave salamander. Two frog, 4 bat, and 1 rodent species were also documented. One cave contained a large colony of gray bats. For carabid beetles, leiodid beetles, and millipeds, the species differed between the caves of Pigeon and Lookout Mountain. Diplurans were absent from Lookout Mountain caves, yet were present in all Pigeon Mountain caves. A comparison between 1967 and 1995 inventories of Pettijohns Cave noted the absence of 2 species of drip pool amphipods from the latter. One cave had been contaminated by a petroleum spill and the expected aquatic fauna was not found. Further inventory work is suggested and the results should be applied to management strategies that provide for both biodiver- sity protection and recreational cave use. Georgia is a cave-rich state, with most caves occurring in 29 July; Nash Waterfall Cave [NW] on 5 August; and Pigeon two distinct physiographic regions, the Cumberland Plateau Cave [PC] on 16 July (a) and 30 July (b). -
Community Conservation Assessment for Riparian Cave Habitat and Associated Rare Animal Species
Community Conservation Assessment for Riparian Cave Habitat and Associated Rare Animal Species (Fee, 1992a). USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region October 2002 Julian J. Lewis, Ph.D. J. Lewis & Associates, Biological Consulting 217 W. Carter Avenue Clarksville, IN 47129 [email protected] HOOSIER NATIONAL FOREST This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on riparian cave habitats and associated rare animal species in the Hoosier National Forest. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject community and associated taxa, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203 Community Conservation Assessment for Riparian Cave Habitat and Associated Rare Animal Species 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................4 DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT AND COMMUNITY................................4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ........................................................5 CURENT COMMUNITY CONDITION, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE.........................................................................................6 -
Selected Abstracts from the 2007 National Speleological Society Convention Marengo, Indiana
2007 NSS CONVENTION ABSTRACTS SELECTED ABSTRACTS FROM THE 2007 NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONVENTION MARENGO, INDIANA BIOSPELEOLOGY Palpigradida (1), Araneae (6), Opiliones (2), Pseudoscorpiones (3), Copepoda (5), Ostracoda (2), Decapoda (4), Isopoda (7), Amphipoda THE SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA OF INDIANA (12), Chilopoda (2), Diplopoda (4), Collembola (4), Diplura (1), Julian J. Lewis and Salisa L. Lewis Thysanura (1), Coleoptera (14), and Vertebrata (1). Vjetrenica is also Lewis & Associates LLC, Cave, Karst & Groundwater Biological Consulting; 17903 the type locality for 37 taxa, including16 endemics and 3 monotypic State Road 60, Borden, IN 47106-8608, USA, [email protected] genera: Zavalia vjetrenicae (Gastropoda), Troglomysis vjetrenicensis Within Indiana are two distinct cave areas, the south-central karst (Crustacea) and Nauticiella stygivaga (Coleoptera). Some groups have containing most of the state’s 2,000+ caves, and the glaciated southeastern not yet been studied or described (Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Thysanura). karst. Field work from 1971 to present resulted in sampling over 500 caves Due to changes in hydrology, highway building, intensive agriculture, for fauna. Approximately 100 species of obligate cavernicoles have been garbage delay, local quarrying, and lack of state protection mechanisms, discovered, with over 70 of these occurring in the south-central karst area. Vjetrenica is strongly endangered. Besides continuing research, protection Dispersal into the southeastern cave area was limited to the period after of the whole drainage area, along with sustainable cave management, is the recession of the Illinoian ice sheet, accounting for the paucity of fauna, necessary. with only 30 obligate cavernicoles known. The fauna of southeastern Indiana is believed to have dispersed into the area during the Wisconsin MARK-RECAPTURE POPULATION SIZE ESTIMATES OF THE MADISON glaciation, whereas the south-central karst has been available for CAVE ISOPOD, ANTROLANA LIRA colonization over a longer time. -
Karst Preserve Design Recommendations March 1, 2012
Karst Preserve Design Recommendations U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Austin Ecological Services Field Office 10711 Burnet Rd. Suite #200 Austin, TX 78758 July 28, 2011 Revised March 1, 2012 Karst Preserve Design Recommendations March 1, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1 2.0 KARST PRESERVE DESIGN ...............................................................................................1 2.1 Karst Preserve Quality Definitions ........................................................................................3 2.2 Karst Preserve Design Checklist ............................................................................................4 2.3 Karst Preserve Design Recommendations .............................................................................4 2.3.1 Karst Preserve Size........................................................................................................5 2.3.2 Karst Preserve Shape and Configuration.......................................................................5 2.3.3 Cave Size and Climate Change......................................................................................5 2.3.4 Biotic Components of the Karst Ecosystem..................................................................5 2.3.5 Abiotic Components of the Karst Ecosystem…............................................................6 2.3.6 Other Considerations.....................................................................................................7 -
International Journal of Speleology International Journal of Speleology
International Journal of Speleology 38 (1) 11-22 Bologna (Italy) January 2009 Available online at www.ijs.speleo.it International Journal of Speleology Official Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Ultraviolet Radiation Sensitivity in Cave Bacteria: Evidence of Adaptation to the Subsurface? Jessica R. Snider1, Caitlin Goin2, Robert V. Miller2, Penelope J. Boston3,4 and Diana E. Northup5 Abstract: Snider J.R., Goin C., Miller R.V., Boston P.J. and Northup D.E. 2009. Ultraviolet Radiation Sensitivity in Cave Bacteria: Evidence of Adaptation to the Subsurface? International Journal of Speleology, 38 (1), 13-22. Bologna (Italy). ISSN 0392-6672. We hypothesize that a reduced capacity to withstand or repair cellular damage from ultraviolet radiation may be present in cave- adapted microorganisms that never experience such conditions. However, a small number of previous studies have shown that some subsurface bacteria do not show greater sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than surface bacteria. To estimate UVR sensitivity in cave bacteria, bacterial isolates were collected from Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico, U.S.A., and percent survival following exposure to various UVC and UVA radiation doses was determined. Cave bacteria from Left Hand Tunnel in Carlsbad Cavern and surface bacteria from soil and rocks above Carlsbad Cavern were grown on low and high nutrient media then exposed to 0, 10,000 and 20,000 μWs/ cm2 of UVR in a laboratory biological safety cabinet. Incubations were conducted at 15°C or 37ºC, in accordance with the isolates’ natural temperature environments. In addition, DNA repair capacity was estimated by exposing the organisms to various doses of UVC radiation and measuring survivability. -
Ohio Plant Disease Index
Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio This page intentionally blank. Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index C. Wayne Ellett Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio T · H · E OHIO ISJATE ! UNIVERSITY OARilL Kirklyn M. Kerr Director The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential dientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, sex, age, handicap, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 12-89-750 This page intentionally blank. Foreword The Ohio Plant Disease Index is the first step in develop Prof. Ellett has had considerable experience in the ing an authoritative and comprehensive compilation of plant diagnosis of Ohio plant diseases, and his scholarly approach diseases known to occur in the state of Ohia Prof. C. Wayne in preparing the index received the acclaim and support .of Ellett had worked diligently on the preparation of the first the plant pathology faculty at The Ohio State University. edition of the Ohio Plant Disease Index since his retirement This first edition stands as a remarkable ad substantial con as Professor Emeritus in 1981. The magnitude of the task tribution by Prof. Ellett. The index will serve us well as the is illustrated by the cataloguing of more than 3,600 entries complete reference for Ohio for many years to come. of recorded diseases on approximately 1,230 host or plant species in 124 families. -
Final Report
Biological Inventory of the Cave and Karst Systems of The Nature Conservancy’s Sharp-Bingham Mountain Preserve James Godwin Alabama Natural Heritage Program Environmental Institute Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849 ©Alan Cressler 1 Introduction Overview of Karst and Caves (adapted from Palmer 2007; White 2008) Karst is a landform or landscape with the characteristics of caves, sinkholes, subterranean streams, and springs. These topographical features have formed from the dissolution, rather than mechanical, eroding of the underlying bedrock. This dissolutional process is based on the actions of a weak carbonic acid solution reacting with the basic limestone. Raindrops, as they pass through the atmosphere, pick up carbon dioxide and form a weak carbonic acid solution. Limestone, a type of calcium carbonate, is easily dissolved by this mildly acidic water. Over time rainwater percolates along horizontal and vertical fissures and joints of the limestone bedrock and these joints and fissures gradually become widened and deepened, eventually coalescing into an underground drainage system of conduits. Caves formed by this process are termed solution caves. While the lifespan of a cave, from the initial phase of development to deterioration, may be on the order of tens of thousands to a few million years, geologically they are regarded as being transient. Cave “life history” can be divided into the following sequential phases: initiation, enlargement, stagnation, and destruction. Each phase in the life cycle of a cave presents new invasion and niche expansion opportunities for organisms associated with these subterranean features. During the phase of initiation, as water moves through a multitude of fissures dissolving bedrock, the smallest fissures of 10 to 50 micrometers wide are enlarged to widths of 5 to 10 millimeters. -
Food and Feeding Habits of the Troglobitic Carabid Beetle Rhadine Subferranea
Food and Feeding Habits of the Troglobitic Carabid Beetle Rhadine subferranea by ROBERT W. MITCHELL I) With plates 83 (1) -87 (5) Introduction The purpose of this research was to determine the food source and feeding habits of the cave-dwelling beetle Rhadine subterranean (Van Dyke). Because of the scarcity of food in the cave environment, it has been generally presumed that most troglobites have generalized feeding habits. According to Vandel (1964), troglobites should be regarded as detritivores. However, scarcity of food and relative simplicity of community structure in caves do not necessarily rule out the existence of food specialists in this type eco- system. The genus Rhadine ranges from southern Canada to the north-central plateau of Mexico with the greatest abundance of species in the southwestern United States. The beetles are most commonly found in moist, cool habitats; under rocks and logs, in mammal burrows, and in caves. (Barr, 1960; Ball, 1960). Apparently, many species do not enter caves. Approximately 25 cavernicolous rhadinids are known including those which have been de- scribed (Barr, 1960, Bolivar y Pieltain and Hendrichs, 1964; Reddell, 1966) and those which await description (Barr, per. com.). Most of the species occur in Texas caves, especially those of the Edwards Plateau of central Texas. About two-thirds of these are microphthalmous, troglobitic species, and most appear to be restricted to caves near the Balcones Escarpment to the Edwards Plateau (Barr, 1960; Barr, Reddell, per. corns.). Rhadine subterranea (Fig. 1) was the first of the cavernicolous rhadinids to be described, and its diagnosis is best given by Barr and Lawrence (1960). -
INDIANA KARST CONSERVANCY, INC PO Box 2401, Indianapolis, in 46206-2401 Ikc.Caves.Org Affiliated with the National Speleological Society
IKC UPDATE No 99 PAGE 2 DECEMBER 2010 INDIANA KARST CONSERVANCY, INC PO Box 2401, Indianapolis, IN 46206-2401 ikc.caves.org Affiliated with the National Speleological Society The Indiana Karst Conservancy is a non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation and preservation of caves and karst features in Indiana and other areas of the world. The Conservancy encourages research and promotes education related to karst and its proper, environmentally compatible use. EXECUTIVE BOARD COMMITTEES / CHAIRPERSON GROTTOS & LIAISONS President Education/Outreach Bloomington Indiana Grotto* Dave Everton Jerry Lewis (2011) Don Ingle (812) 824-4380 (812) 967-7592 (see E-Board list) [email protected] Central Indiana Grotto* Web Technologies Keith Dunlap Secretary Bruce Bowman (317) 882-5420 James Adams (2011) (see E-Board list) Dayton Underground Grotto (317) 518-8410 Mike Hood [email protected] IKC Update Editor/Publisher (937) 252-2978 Keith Dunlap Treasurer (see E-Board list) Eastern Indiana Grotto Keith Dunlap (2011) Brian Leavell (317) 882-5420 Hoosier National Forest (765) 552-7619 Steve Lockwood [email protected] Evansville Metro Grotto* (see E-board list) Ernie Payne Directors (812) 477-7043 Bruce Bowman (2011) Buddha Property Manager (317) 539-2753 George Cesnik Harrison-Crawford Grotto [email protected] (812) 339-2143 Dave Black [email protected] (812) 951-3886 Dave Haun (2012) Near Normal Grotto* (317) 517-0795 Orangeville Rise Property Manager Ralph Sawyer [email protected] Steve Lockwood (309) 822-0109 (see E-board list)