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'~ BULLETIN NUMBER SIX of the In this Issue: A GLOSSARY OF SPELEo.LOGY By DR. MARTIN H. MUMA and KATHERINE E. MUMA THE NETHERLAND OF NIGHT By JO CHAMBERLIN ADVENTURES AT DIAMOND CAVE, KY. By L. E. WARD THE PALEONTOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF CAVES By DR. DAVID WHITE WASHINGTON, D. C. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Issue Number Six July 1944 750 Copies. 68 Pages Published intermittently by The National Speleological Society, 510 Star .Build~g, Washington, D. C., at $1.00 per copy. Copyright, 1944, by The National Speleological Society. EDITOR: DON BLOCH 5606 Sonoma Road, Bethesda 14, Maryland ASSOCIATE EDITORS: ROBERT BRAY, DR. R. W. STONE, DR. MARTIN H. MUMA, FLOYD BA1U.oGA OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN "WM. J. STEPHENSON "DR. MAR TIN H . MUMA LEROY C. FOOTE J. S. PETRIE President Vice-President Treasurer Corresponding Secretary 7108 Prospect Avenue 9601 Slst Ave. R. 0.1 400 S. Glebe Road Richmond, Va. Berwyn, Md. Middlebury, Conn. Arlington, Va. MRS. KATHRYN MUMA FRANK DURR Recording Secretary Financial Secretary 9601 51st Ave. 2005 Kanlas Ave. Berwyn, Md. Richmond, Va. Archeology Fauna Hydrology Publicity "FLOYD BARLOGA JAMES FOWLER DR. WM. M. MCGILL Lou KLEWERt 2028 Lee Highway 6420 14th St. 6 Wayside Place 1504 Addington Rd. Arlington, Va. Washington, D. C. 'University, Va. Toledo, Ohio Bibliography \1t Library: Finance Mapping ROBERT BRAY LI!Roy FOOTI!'" *GEORGI! CRABII Records R. D. 2 R. 0.1 Box 791 "FLORI!NCI! WHITLI!Y Herndon, Va. Middlebury, Conn. Blacksburg, Va. 1630 R St. Washington, D. C. Bulletin \1t Publications Flora Membership DON BLOCH CARROLL E. Cox "SAM ALLI!N Other Board Members 5606 Sonoma Road 7501 Hopkins Ave. 1226 Wellesley Ave. Bethesda 14, Md. College Park, Md. Steubenville, . O. "DR. JOI! MORRISON U. S. Nat. Museum Commercial Caves Folklore Paleontology Washington, D. C. BRUNO PETSCH "CLAY PI!RRY DR. ALFRED BURRILL Geol. Survey East Acres Nat. Resources Museum Vermillion, S. Oak. Pittsfidd, Mass. Jefferson City, Mo. "DR. R. W. STONI! 3115 N . Front St. Equipment \1t Safety Formations \1t Mineralogy Photography Harrisburg, Pa. HERBERT VINCENT "DR. R. J. HOLDEN JOHN MEI!NEHANt 3200 Kensington Ave. Dept. Geology, V.P .. I. 1222 Euclid Street "L. E. WILSON Blacksburg, Va. Richmond, Va. Washington, D. C. 1111 S. Thomas St. Exploration General Geology Programs \1t Activities Arlington, Va. ERWIN BISCHOFFt *DR. CLYDI! MALOTT DR. JAMES H . BENN 136 Poplar Ave. Dept: Geology, U. of Ind. U. S. Nat. Museum "1944 Board of Governors San Bruno, Calif. Bloomington, Ind. Washington, D. C. tIn the Armed Forces CONTENTS LISTED ON OUTSIDE BACK COVER IN THE NEXT ISSUE: From My Cave Notebooks, by Alexander Wetmore; Technique of Cavern Photog­ raphy, by George F. Jackson; Composite Observations on Cave Life, James H. Benn; Cave of the River Styx, by Capt. Jack Preble; and Cave~ of the British Isles, by Frank Solari. PRINTI!D' BY WASHINGTON COLLIIGI! PRI!SS, TAKOMA PARK, MARYLAND BULLETIN of the Number Six July 1944 A GLOSSARY OF SPELEOLOGY to the condition of a large synonomy. It is the purpose of this glossary to make the primary step toward the COMPILED BY standardization of the terminology by presenting a list DR. MARTIN H . MUMA AND KATHERINE E. MUMA ':- of terms and by indicating loose, incorrect and ambigu­ ous terms. Any science, in order to be exact, -must possess a standardized terminology. This terminology should, in An endeavor has been made to include only terms the strictest sense of the word, include only such terms dealing directly with speleology. Many of the terms as are generally used by those working in the field. li sted arc colloquial, local or confined in usage to the However, when any science such as speleology includes writings of a single worker. When the term was de­ two or more other sciences, more specialized terms are fined for us, or originated by a single _worker that worker bound to creep into the language. Of the various has been credited. If it is used colloquially or locally a branches of speleology those comprising geology, miner­ statement to that effect has been made. In the several alogy, hydrology and biology have probably been _the instances where specialists have disagreed as to exact most thoroughly exploited and have therefore been the definition of a term, the various definitions were li sted basis for the majority of terms included here. The and credited to the various specialists. other fields 'will, as their speleological studies progress, Words having ambiguous or multiple definitions ha ve develop comparable terminologies. At the present time been indicated as such. the language of speleology is restricted and often vague Acknowledgments are due the many fellow members and ambiguous. Many new words are being coined by of the National Speleological Society and the various the various specialists. This cannot help but give -ri se spec ialists who have assisted us in compiling and defin- ':-W itb /Jrn-ivu s kn01vledge tbat Mr. Mencken would apprrciatr an y l1rw etymological illforlllation avail­ able, tbe Editor srcllrrd prr11lission of tbe authors of thr Glossary to S/Iblllit if i/1 adt-all cr of pllblisbi1 1 ,~ to thr falll01l.l scholar. With his /'rr11li ss ioll, thr follOWing is jJrilltrd in tbr BULLETIN: Not'rlllbrr 4, J 943 Dcar Mr. Bloch: It src1I1s 10 me that Mr. and Mrs. MUlIIa have done a rrally first-ratr job. Thc L-oca/mlary is cOlllprrhrnsit'{', alld tbr definitions arr extrrmely clear. I'll certainly call attrntiOI1 to it ill Ill y projected sllpplel11rllt to " Tbr Alllrrican Language." Meanwhile, I hope yO 1/. s('nd 111(' a CO /I ), of tbe prill ted Imllf'lill whcn it is rrady. My I'(' ry b('st thanks for YOllr friendly aid . Sincerely yours , (Signed: H. L. Mcnckl'll) BULLETIN SIX, N. S . S. [1] Pagr 2 BULLETIN NUMBER SIX ing terms. Particular appreciation is due Dr. J Haden bands on or projec ting from roof and walls of some Bretz, Dr. R. J. Holden and Dr. Ralph W. Stone for caves. Resembles bacon strips or slices. balcony, commercially, a grotto above the floor in the their assistance with geologic and mineralogic terms, side wall of the cave, usually applied to grottoes large to Mr. Virgil Clymer and Dr. E. R. Pohl for their enough for people to walk or stand in. Also com­ assis tance with commercial and developed cave terms, monly used in reference to any projection from the and to Mr. W . J. Stephenson and Mr. J. S. Petrie for wall of a cave large enough to support one or more their encouragement and cooperation in the accomplish­ persons with or without the aid , of climbing equip­ ment. men t of this work. base level, the lowest level to which land can be eroded EXPLANATION OF T ERMS by water, and other eroding agencies. bedding plane, the parting between two adjacent strata. A (Bretz) T he surface between two adjacent beds of sedimentary rock. (McGill) II/,rll sioll , mechanical wear. bedrock, the solid 'rock that lies under all loose surface acidu laled water, water containing ca rbon dioxide or materials; it may be igneous, sedimentary or meta­ organic ac id s. morphic. adil, subterranean passage open at one end only and blade, the remains of a partition. See' bridge and parti­ generall y level. tion. aeration, zone of, zo ne of rock above water table, not blind valley, surface valley which is completely enclosed completely s:lturated. See vadose zone. and has only subterranean drainage. See si nk and agg rad(', fi lli ng ca used by an overloaded carrying agency. hollow. See degrade. botrYOid, a grape-like form of calcium carbonate, aisll', an elon ga ted, high, narrow, traversible passage. See usuall y a wall formation. (Curry) See c1usterite passag e, crawl, corridor, and lead.. and grape formation. ala/Jasler, applied commerciall y to depoSIts of gypsum In box work, a reticulated pattern of thin plates of calcite ca ves . See gypsum. etched out in relief on limestone walls and ceilings. alll/ £'i1l 111, any detrital material deposited by running T ypical examples in Black Hills caves. water. branch work, dentritic system of subterranean water (/1/11 £'ia l fill, a fi ll composed of alluvi um. courses with many incoming branches. (tributaries) an(/sIOlll osis, a complex of many irregular and repeatedly and no ou tgoing ones. The type of cave pa ttern connec ted passages. Sy non ym-labyrinth. which wa ter table strea ms should produce. (Bretz) (/I/ ticlill e, an up fo ld or arch of rock strat:l, dipping in bre(/k, a crack in rock; often lined with formation. opposite direc tions from an axis. (Stone) An upward bre(/k-dow11, collapse of a 'cave roof or corridor, com­ fold in sedimentary rock. (Price) (/ql/ifer, pervious rock that is completely sa t urated and monly where passages impinge on surface valleys. wi ll yield water to a we ll. A porous rock strata that Position is characterized by presence of surface rubble carries water. in the cave. bridge, an original rock span across a cave inclined less aq1lifuge, imperviou s rock such as that whi ch retains 0 connate or artesian wa ter in an aq uifer. than 45 from the horizontal. aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate that occurs ill C orthorhombic crystals, us uall y formed under pressure. c(/Icite, this is a term applied to the va riet y of forms of Sp. Gr. 2.99 to 2.93, infusible, so luble in HCI, chemi­ calcium carbonate that occur in rhombohedral crys ­ ca l formula CaCO ~ . Sec calcite. ar(' al lIIap, a geologic map showin g the distribution of tals, Sp .
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