Mapping the Transglycosylation Relevant Sites of Cold-Adapted -D
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Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000675
. Janet Oesterling Novozymes North America, Inc. 77 Perry Chapel Church Road Franklinton, NC 27525 Re: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000675 Dear Ms. Oesterling: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA, we) completed our evaluation of GRN 000675. We received the notice, dated October 10, 2016, that you submitted in accordance with the agency’s proposed regulation, proposed 21 CFR 170.36 (62 FR 18938; April 17, 1997; Substances Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS); the GRAS proposal) on July 17, 2016, and filed it on October 14, 2016. We received amendments containing clarifying information on February, 22, 2017 and March 09, 2017. FDA published the GRAS final rule on August 17, 2016 (81 FR 54960), with an effective date of October 17, 2016. As GRN 000675 was pending on the effective date of the GRAS final rule, we requested some additional information consistent with the format and requirements of the final rule. We received an amendment responding to this request on October 24, 2016. The subject of the notice is xylanase enzyme preparation produced by Trichoderma reesei carrying a xylanase gene from Talaromyces leycettanus (xylanase enzyme preparation). The notice informs us of the view of Novozymes North America, Inc. (Novozymes) that xylanase enzyme preparation is GRAS, through scientific procedures, for use as an enzyme at levels up to 48.33 mg Total Organic Solids (TOS) per kg raw material in brewing, cereal beverage processing, baking, and processing of cereal grains such as corn, wheat, barley, and oats. Commercial enzyme preparations that are used in food processing typically contain an enzyme component that catalyzes the chemical reaction as well as substances used as stabilizers, preservatives, or diluents. -
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Iran J Biotech. 2015 December;13(4): e1175 DOI:10.15171/ijb.1175 Research Article An Alternative Bacterial Expression System Using Bacillus pumilus SG2 Chitinase Promoter Kambiz Morabbi Heravi 1, Garshasb Rigi 2, Maryam Rezaei Arjomand 3, Amin Rostami 3, Gholamreza Ahmadian 3,* 1Institut für Industrielle Genetik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran 3Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Gholamreza Ahmadian, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2144787301-10, Fax: +98-2144787399, E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 27, 2015; Revised: September 20, 2015; Accepted: October 03, 2015 Background: Chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. Several bac- terial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. These bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. So far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacte- rial species. Among Bacillus species, B. pumilus strain SG2 encodes two chitinases, ChiS and ChiL. The promoter region of chiSL genes (PchiS) is mainly regulated by the general carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system in B. subtilis due to the presence of a catabolite responsive element (cre). Objectives: Use of PchiS in constructing an inducible expression system in B. subtilis was investigated. Materials and Methods: In the first step, complete and shortened versions of PchiS were inserted upstream of the lacZ on a pBS72/pUC18 shuttle plasmid. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips Et Al
USOO598.1835A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,981,835 Austin-Phillips et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 9, 1999 54) TRANSGENIC PLANTS AS AN Brown and Atanassov (1985), Role of genetic background in ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF Somatic embryogenesis in Medicago. Plant Cell Tissue LIGNOCELLULOSC-DEGRADING Organ Culture 4:107-114. ENZYMES Carrer et al. (1993), Kanamycin resistance as a Selectable marker for plastid transformation in tobacco. Mol. Gen. 75 Inventors: Sandra Austin-Phillips; Richard R. Genet. 241:49-56. Burgess, both of Madison; Thomas L. Castillo et al. (1994), Rapid production of fertile transgenic German, Hollandale; Thomas plants of Rye. Bio/Technology 12:1366–1371. Ziegelhoffer, Madison, all of Wis. Comai et al. (1990), Novel and useful properties of a chimeric plant promoter combining CaMV 35S and MAS 73 Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research elements. Plant Mol. Biol. 15:373-381. Foundation, Madison, Wis. Coughlan, M.P. (1988), Staining Techniques for the Detec tion of the Individual Components of Cellulolytic Enzyme 21 Appl. No.: 08/883,495 Systems. Methods in Enzymology 160:135-144. de Castro Silva Filho et al. (1996), Mitochondrial and 22 Filed: Jun. 26, 1997 chloroplast targeting Sequences in tandem modify protein import specificity in plant organelles. Plant Mol. Biol. Related U.S. Application Data 30:769-78O. 60 Provisional application No. 60/028,718, Oct. 17, 1996. Divne et al. (1994), The three-dimensional crystal structure 51 Int. Cl. ............................. C12N 15/82; C12N 5/04; of the catalytic core of cellobiohydrolase I from Tricho AO1H 5/00 derma reesei. Science 265:524-528. -
Characterization of a Chitinase and an Endo-Β-1,3-Glucanase from Trichoderma Harzianum Rifai T24 Involved in Control of the Phytopathogen Sclerotium Rolfsii
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2001) 56:137–143 DOI 10.1007/s002530100646 ORIGINAL PAPER M.H. El-Katatny · M. Gudelj · K.-H. Robra M.A. Elnaghy · G.M. Gübitz Characterization of a chitinase and an endo-β-1,3-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T24 involved in control of the phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Received: 23 November 2000 / Received revision: 26 January 2001 / Accepted: 26 January 2001 / Published online: 19 May 2001 © Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract Of 24 Trichoderma isolates, T. harzianum causes disease in over 500 plant species. Recently, the Rifai (T24) showed a potential for control of the phyto- fungus has also been found in Europe on different hosts, pathogenic basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii. When T24 including juglans and sunflowers (Belisario and Corazza was grown on different carbon sources, growth inhibi- 1996; Infantino et al. 1997). Mycoparasitic fungi have tion of S. rolfsii by the T24 culture filtrate correlated been shown to have a potential for the control of plant with the activity of extracellular chitinase and β-1,3- diseases caused by S. rolfsii (Maoa et al. 2000). Lectins glucanase. The 43-kilodalton (kDa) chitinase and the of S. rolfsii were found to be the recognition signal initi- 74-kDa β-1,3-glucanase were purified from the T24 cul- ating the coiling process in Trichoderma harzianum ture filtrate in two and three steps, respectively, using (Inbar and Chet 1995) (Fig. 1), while it has been sug- ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by hydropho- gested that constitutive carbohydrolases of T. harzianum bic interaction chromatography (phenyl-Sepharose) and release oligosaccharides from Rhizoctonia solani cell β gel filtration ( -1,3-glucanase). -
Flavonoid Glucodiversification with Engineered Sucrose-Active Enzymes Yannick Malbert
Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Yannick Malbert To cite this version: Yannick Malbert. Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes. Biotechnol- ogy. INSA de Toulouse, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ISAT0038. tel-01219406 HAL Id: tel-01219406 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01219406 Submitted on 22 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Last name: MALBERT First name: Yannick Title: Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Speciality: Ecological, Veterinary, Agronomic Sciences and Bioengineering, Field: Enzymatic and microbial engineering. Year: 2014 Number of pages: 257 Flavonoid glycosides are natural plant secondary metabolites exhibiting many physicochemical and biological properties. Glycosylation usually improves flavonoid solubility but access to flavonoid glycosides is limited by their low production levels in plants. In this thesis work, the focus was placed on the development of new glucodiversification routes of natural flavonoids by taking advantage of protein engineering. Two biochemically and structurally characterized recombinant transglucosylases, the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, a truncated form of the dextransucrase from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, were selected to attempt glucosylation of different flavonoids, synthesize new α-glucoside derivatives with original patterns of glucosylation and hopefully improved their water-solubility. -
Novel Xylan Degrading Enzymes from Polysaccharide Utilizing Loci of Prevotella Copri DSM18205
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.419226; this version posted December 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Novel xylan degrading enzymes from polysaccharide utilizing loci of Prevotella copri DSM18205 Javier A. Linares-Pastén1*, Johan Sebastian Hero2, José Horacio Pisa2, Cristina Teixeira1, Margareta Nyman3, Patrick Adlercreutz1, M. Alejandra Martinez2,4, Eva Nordberg Karlsson1** 1Biotechnology, Dept of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O.Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. 2Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T4001 MVB, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. 3 Dept Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. 4Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, UNT. Av. Independencia 1800, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina. Corresponding authors: *e-mail: [email protected] ** e-mail: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.419226; this version posted December 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Prevotella copri DSM18205 is a bacterium, classified under Bacteroidetes that can be found in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The role of P. copri in the GIT is unclear, and elevated numbers of the microbe have been reported both in dietary fiber- induced improvement in glucose metabolism but also in conjunction with certain inflammatory conditions. -
N-Acetylglucosamine: Production and Applications
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 2493-2516; doi:10.3390/md8092493 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review N-Acetylglucosamine: Production and Applications Jeen-Kuan Chen 1,†, Chia-Rui Shen 2,† and Chao-Lin Liu 3,* 1 Department of Environment and Biotechnology, Refining & Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, 217 Min-Sheng S. Rd, Chiayi, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] (J.-K.C.) 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] (C.-R.S.) 3 Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, Taipei, Taiwan † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-2908-9899; Fax: +886-3-211-8698. Received: 22 March 2010; in revised form: 19 April 2010 / Accepted: 23 April 2010 / Published: 15 September 2010 Abstract: N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that usually polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin, the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose. In addition to serving as a component of this homogeneous polysaccharide, GlcNAc is also a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate on the cell surface. In this review, we discuss the industrial production of GlcNAc, using chitin as a substrate, by chemical, enzymatic and biotransformation methods. Also, newly developed methods to obtain GlcNAc using glucose as a substrate in genetically modified microorganisms are introduced. -
Exogenous Enzymes As Zootechnical Additives in Animal Feed: a Review
catalysts Review Exogenous Enzymes as Zootechnical Additives in Animal Feed: A Review Brianda Susana Velázquez-De Lucio 1, Edna María Hernández-Domínguez 1, Matilde Villa-García 1, Gerardo Díaz-Godínez 2, Virginia Mandujano-Gonzalez 3, Bethsua Mendoza-Mendoza 4 and Jorge Álvarez-Cervantes 1,* 1 Cuerpo Académico Manejo de Sistemas Agrobiotecnológicos Sustentables, Posgrado Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Zempoala 43830, Hidalgo, Mexico; [email protected] (B.S.V.-D.L.); [email protected] (E.M.H.-D.); [email protected] (M.V.-G.) 2 Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90000, Tlaxcala, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Laboratorio Biotecnología, Universidad Tecnológica de Corregidora, Santiago de Querétaro 76900, Querétaro, Mexico; [email protected] 4 Instituto Tecnológico Superior del Oriente del Estado de Hidalgo, Apan 43900, Hidalgo, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-771-5477510 Abstract: Enzymes are widely used in the food industry. Their use as a supplement to the raw Citation: Velázquez-De Lucio, B.S.; material for animal feed is a current research topic. Although there are several studies on the Hernández-Domínguez, E.M.; application of enzyme additives in the animal feed industry, it is necessary to search for new Villa-García, M.; Díaz-Godínez, G.; enzymes, as well as to utilize bioinformatics tools for the design of specific enzymes that work in Mandujano-Gonzalez, V.; certain environmental conditions and substrates. This will allow the improvement of the productive Mendoza-Mendoza, B.; Álvarez-Cervantes, J. -
Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application
biomolecules Review Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application 1, , 2 3 1 4, Neha Srivastava * y, Rishabh Rathour , Sonam Jha , Karan Pandey , Manish Srivastava y, Vijay Kumar Thakur 5,* , Rakesh Singh Sengar 6, Vijai K. Gupta 7,* , Pranab Behari Mazumder 8, Ahamad Faiz Khan 2 and Pradeep Kumar Mishra 1,* 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; [email protected] 2 Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (A.F.K.) 3 Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; [email protected] 5 Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK 6 Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, U.P., India; [email protected] 7 Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia 8 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.S.); vijay.Kumar@cranfield.ac.uk (V.K.T.); [email protected] (V.K.G.); [email protected] (P.K.M.); Tel.: +372-567-11014 (V.K.G.); Fax: +372-620-4401 (V.K.G.) These authors have equal contribution. y Received: 29 March 2019; Accepted: 28 May 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. -
Synthesis of Three Advanced Biofuels from Ionic Liquid-Pretreated Switchgrass Using Engineered Escherichia Coli
Synthesis of three advanced biofuels from ionic liquid-pretreated switchgrass using engineered Escherichia coli Gregory Bokinskya,b, Pamela P. Peralta-Yahyaa,b, Anthe Georgea,c, Bradley M. Holmesa,c, Eric J. Steena,d, Jeffrey Dietricha,d, Taek Soon Leea,e, Danielle Tullman-Erceka,f, Christopher A. Voigtg, Blake A. Simmonsa,c, and Jay D. Keaslinga,b,d,e,f,1 aJoint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Avenue, Emeryville, CA 94608; bQB3 Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; cSandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, CA 94551; dDepartment of Bioengineering, and ePhysical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; fDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and gDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 Edited by Alexis T. Bell, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved November 2, 2011 (received for review May 2, 2011) One approach to reducing the costs of advanced biofuel production Unfortunately, several challenges must be overcome before from cellulosic biomass is to engineer a single microorganism to lignocellulose can be considered an economically competitive both digest plant biomass and produce hydrocarbons that have feedstock for biofuel production. One of the more significant chal- the properties of petrochemical fuels. Such an organism would lenges is the need for large quantities of glycoside hydrolase (GH) require pathways for hydrocarbon -
Enzyme Applications in Pulp and Paper Industry
Enzyme Applications in Pulp and Paper: An Introduction to Applications Dr. Richard Venditti Associate Professor - Director of Graduate Programs Department of Wood and Paper Science Biltmore Hall Room 1204 Raleigh NC 27695-8005 Tel. (919) 515-6185 Fax. (919) 515-6302 Email: [email protected] Slides courtesy of Phil Hoekstra. Endo-Beta 1,4 Xylanase Enzymes • Are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions • Biological cells need enzymes to perform needed functions • The starting molecules that enzymes process are called substrates and these are converted to products Endo-Beta 1,4 Xylanase Cellulase enzyme which acts on cellulose substrate to make product of glucose. Endo-Beta 1,4 Xylanase Enzymes • Are extremely selective for specific substrates • Activity affected by inhibitors, pH, temperature, concentration of substrate • Commercial enzyme products are typically mixtures of different enzymes, the enzymes often complement the activity of one another Endo-Beta 1,4 Xylanase Types of Enzymes in Pulp and Paper and Respective Substrates • Amylase --- starch • Cellulase --- cellulose fibers • Protease --- proteins • Hemicellulases(Xylanase) ---hemicellulose • Lipase --- glycerol backbone, pitch • Esterase --- esters, stickies • Pectinase --- pectins Endo-Beta 1,4 Xylanase Enzyme Applications in Pulp and Paper • Treat starches for paper applications • Enhanced bleaching • Treatment for pitch • Enhanced deinking • Treatment for stickies in paper recycling • Removal of fines • Reduce refining energy • Cleans white water systems • Improve -
Characterization of Chitinase Activities, and Cloning, Analysis, And
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 Characterization of chitinase activities, and cloning, analysis, and expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins in strawberry Anwar Ahmad Khan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Khan, Anwar Ahmad, "Characterization of chitinase activities, and cloning, analysis, and expression of genes encoding pathogenesis- related proteins in strawberry" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2350. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2350 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CHARACTERIAZATION OF CHITINASE ACTIVITIES, AND CLONING, ANALYSIS, AND EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING PATHOGENESIS- RELATED PROTEINS IN STRAWBERRY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of Biological Sciences By Anwar A. Khan B.Sc. University of Karachi, 1987 B.S. Winona State University, 1994 December, 2002 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my dear brother Ayaz Ahmed Khan (late). He was one of the most brilliant persons I have known in my early age. His encouragement and help is one reason I am able to reach this point in my life. I was fortunate to have him as a brother and it would have made him proud to see me complete a doctorate degree.