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Sultans and Voivodas in the 16Th C. Gifts and Insignia*
SULTANS AND VOIVODAS IN THE 16TH C. GIFTS AND INSIGNIA* Prof. Dr. Maria Pia PEDANI** Abstract The territorial extent of the Ottoman Empire did not allow the central government to control all the country in the same way. To understand the kind of relations established between the Ottoman Empire and its vassal states scholars took into consideration also peace treaties (sulhnâme) and how these agreements changed in the course of time. The most ancient documents were capitulations (ahdnâme) with mutual oaths, derived from the idea of truce (hudna), such as those made with sovereign countries which bordered on the Empire. Little by little they changed and became imperial decrees (berat), which mean that the sultan was the lord and the others subordinate powers. In the Middle Ages bilateral agreements were used to make peace with European countries too, but, since the end of the 16th c., sultans began to issue berats to grant commercial facilities to distant countries, such as France or England. This meant that, at that time, they felt themselves superior to other rulers. On the contrary, in the 18th and 19th centuries, European countries became stronger and they succeeded in compelling the Ottoman Empire to issue capitulations, in the form of berat, on their behalf. The article hence deals with the Ottoman’s imperial authority up on the vassal states due to the historical evidences of sovereignty. Key Words: Ottoman Empire, voivoda, gift, insignia. 1. Introduction The territorial extent of the Ottoman Empire did not allow the central government to control all the country in the same way. -
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern -
Panoramic Trails to the Golden Cone Square Nature and Culture Between Altdorf, Burgthann and Postbauer-Heng S 2 Altdorf Dörlbach Schwarzenbach Buch Postbauer-Heng S 3
Panoramic trails to the golden cone square Nature and culture between Altdorf, Burgthann and Postbauer-Heng S 2 Altdorf Dörlbach Schwarzenbach Buch Postbauer-Heng S 3 73 Foreword Walking tour Dear visitors, 6 km from the -Bahn station (suburban railway station) Postbauer-Heng to the 1.5 hours -Bahn station Oberferrieden The joint decision of the environmental and building committees of both municipalities Postbauer-Heng Coming from the direction of Nuremberg you first walk (district of Neumarkt i. d. OPf.) and Burgthann (district through the pedestrian underpass to the other side of the of Nuremberg Land) on March 29, 2011 gave the go- railway line. From there via the ramp downwards and fur- ahead for this outstanding and “cross-border” project. ther on the foot and cycle path towards the main road B 8. The citizens of this region at the foot of the mountains Walk on through the tunnel tube and pass the skateboard Brentenberg and Dillberg have already been deeply root- tracks until you reach a crossroad in front of the sports ed for many generations. Numerous family and cultural club. Now turn right and go upwards. Until you reach connections were the basis for the increasingly growing Buch you will find the signs 1 2 along the way. As cooperation in economic and local affairs which has you turn left at the edge of the forest and walk on the proved to be a success especially concerning the school meadow path above of the sports club please enjoy the cooperation. The border between the municipalities is wide view over the surrounding area. -
Humans and Animals in the Norse North Atlantic
Humans and Animals in the Norse North Atlantic Lara M. Hogg This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. School of History, Archaeology and Religion. Cardiff University. 2015 SUMMARY It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. -
Gold and Power in Ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia
This is an extract from: Gold and Power in Ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia Jeffrey Quilter and John W. Hoopes, Editors published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 2003 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C. Printed in the United States of America www.doaks.org/etexts.html The Seed of Life: The Symbolic Power of Gold-Copper Alloys and Metallurgical Transformations Ana María Falchetti re-Hispanic metallurgy of the Americas is known for its technical variety. Over a period of more than three thousand years, different techniques were adopted by vari- Pous Indian communities and adapted to their own cultures and beliefs. In the Central Andes, gold and silver were the predominant metals, while copper was used as a base material. Central Andeans developed an assortment of copper-based alloys. Smiths hammered copper into sheets that would later be used to create objects covered with thin coatings of gold and silver. In northern South America and the Central American isth- mus gold-copper alloys were particularly common.1 Copper metallurgy was also important in Western Mexico and farther north. Putting various local technological preferences aside, Amerindians used copper exten- sively as a base material. What then were the underlying concepts that governed the symbol- ism of copper, its combination with other metals, and particular technologies such as casting methods in Pre-Columbian Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica? Studies of physical and chemical processes are essential to a scientific approach to met- allurgy, but for a fuller understanding, technologies should not be divorced from cultural contexts. -
European Scholars in the Arctic / HIMMELHEBER, Hans, 2000 Where the Echo Began: and Other Oral Traditions from Southwestern Alaska, Recorded by H
Document generated on 09/27/2021 3:28 a.m. Études/Inuit/Studies From stories to material culture: European scholars in the Arctic HIMMELHEBER, Hans, 2000 Where the echo began: and other oral traditions from southwestern Alaska, Recorded by H. Himmelbert, translated by Kurt and Ester Witt, edited and Annoted by Ann Fienup-Riordan, Fairbanks, The University of Alaska Press, 224 pages LARSEN, Helge, 2001 Deering: a men's house from Seward Peninsula, Alaska, Copenhagen, National Museum of Denmark, Dept. of Ethnography: SILA, the Greenland Research Centre, Ethnographical Series 19, 145 pages. MARY-ROUSSELIÈRE, Guy, 2002 Nunguvik et Saatut: sites paléoeskimaux de Navy Board Inlet, île de Baffin, Hull, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series 162, 199 pages. Claire Alix Tchoukotka Chukotka Volume 31, Number 1-2, 2007 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/019737ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/019737ar See table of contents Publisher(s) Association Inuksiutiit Katimajiit Inc. Centre interuniversitaire d'études et de recherches autochtones (CIÉRA) ISSN 0701-1008 (print) 1708-5268 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Alix, C. (2007). From stories to material culture: European scholars in the Arctic / HIMMELHEBER, Hans, 2000 Where the echo began: and other oral traditions from southwestern Alaska, Recorded by H. Himmelbert, translated by Kurt and Ester Witt, edited and Annoted by Ann Fienup-Riordan, Fairbanks, The University of Alaska Press, 224 pages / LARSEN, Helge, 2001 Deering: a men's house from Seward Peninsula, Alaska, Copenhagen, National Museum of Denmark, Dept. of Ethnography: SILA, the Greenland Research Centre, Ethnographical Series 19, 145 pages. -
Solving the Mystery of Chaco Canyon?
VIRTUALBANNER ARCHAEOLOGY BANNER • BANNER STUDYING • BANNER PREHISTORIC BANNER VIOLENCE BANNER • T •ALE BANNERS OF A NCIENT BANNER TEXTILE S american archaeologyWINTER 2012-13 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 16 No. 4 SOLVINGSOLVING THETHE MYMYSSTERYTERY OFOF CHACHACCOO CANYONCANYON?? $3.95 $3.95 WINTER 2012-13 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 16 No. 4 COVER FEATURE 26 CHACO, THROUGH A DIFFERENT LENS BY MIKE TONER Southwest scholar Steve Lekson has taken an unconventional approach to solving the mystery of Chaco Canyon. 12 VIRTUALLY RECREATING THE PAST BY JULIAN SMITH Virtual archaeology has remarkable potential, but it also has some issues to resolve. 19 A ROAD TO THE PAST BY ALISON MCCOOK A dig resulting from a highway project is yielding insights into Delaware’s colonial history. 33 THE TALES OF ANCIENT TEXTILES BY PAULA NEELY Fabric artifacts are providing a relatively new line of evidence for archaeologists. 39 UNDERSTANDING PREHISTORIC VIOLENCE BY DAN FERBER Bioarchaeologists have gone beyond studying the manifestations of ancient violence to examining CHAZ EVANS the conditions that caused it. 26 45 new acquisition A TRAIL TO PREHISTORY The Conservancy saves a trailhead leading to an important Sinagua settlement. 46 new acquisition NORTHERNMOST CHACO CANYON OUTLIER TO BE PRESERVED Carhart Pueblo holds clues to the broader Chaco regional system. 48 point acquisition A GLIMPSE OF A MAJOR TRANSITION D LEVY R Herd Village could reveal information about the change from the Basketmaker III to the Pueblo I phase. RICHA 12 2 Lay of the Land 50 Field Notes 52 RevieWS 54 Expeditions 3 Letters 5 Events COVER: Pueblo Bonito is one of the great houses at Chaco Canyon. -
Infonorth Five Hundred Meetings of the Arctic Circle
ARCTIC VOL. 67, NO. 2 (JUNE 2014) P. 1 – 12 InfoNorth Five Hundred Meetings of the Arctic Circle by C.R. Burn SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 1 AND 2 TABLE 1. List of meetings of the Arctic Circle.1 Special Meetings are in bold. Year Meeting Date Speaker2 Topic3 1947 1 12 December Flt. Lt. A.H. Tinker Establishment of weather stations at Eureka and Resolute Bay 1948 2 15 January Sgt. F.S. Farrar, RCMP Film: St Roch 3 16 February R.G. Madill, Flt. Lt. J.F. Drake North magnetic pole 4 18 March Lt. Col. A. Croft Operation Musk-ox 5 13 April H.M. Raup Botany, geology, and archaeology, Alaska Highway 6 25 May J.G. Wright Film: RMS Nascopie 7 20 August Picnic at the Jenness’s cottage 8 4 November C.S. Lord Mining in NWT 9 9 December P. Serson Operation Magnetic 1949 10 13 January B.J. Woodruff Geodetic Survey of Canada 11 10 February P.D. Baird Project Snow Cornice 12 10 March Cdr. D.C. Nutt, USNR Antarctica 13 14 April J.C. Wyatt Construction in the Arctic 14 12 May Mrs. T.H. Manning Travels in Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin 15 10 November Dr. J.C. Callaghan Experiences of a medical officer in the Arctic 16 8 December M.J. Dunbar Marine resources of the eastern Arctic 1950 17 12 January Flt. Lt. B. Hartman Search and rescue in the eastern Arctic 18 9 February A.E. Porsild Plant life 19 9 March D. Wilkinson NFB in the North 20 13 April T.H. -
Analyse Statistique Et Typologique Des Représentations Du Visage Sur Le
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL ANALYSE STYLISTIQUE ET TYPOLOGIQUE DES REPRÉSENTATIONS DU VISAGE SUR LE MOBILIER DORSÉTIEN ET LES PÉTROGLYPHES DU SITE RUPESTRE DE QAJARTALIK MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DES ARTS PAR ANNICK BERGERON SEPTEMBRE 2009 UI\JIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.01-2006). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire.» A ma très chère mère, sans son soutient constant cette maîtrise n'aurait pu se réaliser. À mon amie Julie Deslaurier, pour m'avoir si bien appuyée. -
Brother G's Cyclopedia
Brother G’s Cyclopedia Of Comparative Mythology 380+ building blocks for the aspiring mythopoet Dedicated To Messrs. Mircea Eliade and Hugh Nibley, who introduced a young boy to comparative mythology. To Lord Dunsany and Mr. H. P. Lovecraft, who pioneered the art of literary mythopoeia. And To Messrs. M. A. R. Barker and J. R. R. Tolkien, who taught us that master worldbuilders must be referred to by three initials and a last name. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………...................................1 From Acosmism to the Year-King...………………………………………………………….....3 Appendix A: Non-Standard Portfolios………………………………………………………...52 Appendix B: Epithets and Fusions……………………………………………………………..55 Appendix C: Meta-Theory…………………………………………………………………......... 56 Appendix D: Story-starting Phrases…………………………………………………………… 62 Appendix E: Random Tables…………………………………………………………………... 65 1 Introduction What is this? Why is it here? Where is it going? Why, for the sake of all that’s holy, do I think that you care about yet another book on mythology? Surely, you must be thinking to yourself, you have no need for one (even if it is free). You have three already. Maybe even more! Here’s the difference: Those books that you have will tell you who Hades was. Maybe it’ll be incredibly in-depth and inform you of every variation of every myth that ever featured him. You’ll know a lot about Hades after you read that incredibly thorough book. And after you read the entries on a dozen or so other death divinities, you’ll have a pretty good idea of their common traits. This book approaches the matter from the complete opposite direction. It tells you about death divinities as a class, and then it casually mentions Hades as a number of examples. -
Science Report
P ROGRAMME DU P LATEAU LATEAU C ONTINENTAL ONTINENTAL P OLAR C ONTINENTAL S HELF P ROGRAM SCI E NCE P OLAIRE REPORT Logistical support for leading-edge Rapport Scientifique scientific research in the Canadian Arctic 2008 2009 2008-2009 2009 2008 2008-2009 dans l’Arctique canadien l’Arctique dans pointe de scientifique Soutien logistique à la recherche recherche la à logistique Soutien CIENTIFIQUE S Science Report T T R RAPPO ROGRAM P OLAIRE P ONTINENTAL C LATEAU P DU ROGRAMME P HELF S ONTINENTAL ONTINENTAL C OLAR P Polar Continental Shelf Program Science Report 2008/09: Logistical support for leading-edge scientific research in the Canadian Arctic Contact information Polar Continental Shelf Program Natural Resources Canada 615 Booth Street, Room 487 Ottawa ON K1A 0E9 Canada Tel.: 613-947-1650 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: pcsp.nrcan.gc.ca Cover photograph information A helicopter sits at a study site in the mountains of northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. (Credit: W. von Gosen) Cat. No. M78-1/1-2009 (Print) ISBN 978-1-100-51198-6 Cat. No. M78-1/1-2009E-PDF (On-line) ISBN 978-1-100-15115-1 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010 Recycled paper Table of contents 2 Minister’s message 4 The Polar Continental Shelf Program 5 Spotlight on a PCSP employee: George Benoit 6 The PCSP Resolute facility expansion: Improving support for Arctic science 6 PCSP Open House 2009 7 PCSP’s work with research organizations in Canada’s North 7 International Polar Year 8 The scientific legacy of Roy Koerner 9 PCSP-supported projects in the news 12 PCSP-supported field camps in the Canadian Arctic (2008) – map 14 PCSP-supported projects in 2008 13 Ecological integrity 20 Sustainable communities and culture 23 Climate change 30 Northern resources and development 33 Planetary science 36 National parks and weather stations A Twin Otter beside a field camp at Alexandra Fiord,Ellesmere Island, Nunavut J. -
General Works of Art, Aug, 1
12/7/12 Fine and Applied Arts Krannert Art Museum Art and Artists Photograph File, 1937-1974 Box 1: General Works of Art, Aug, 1965 Anonymous Ceramic Sky-blue covered Jar, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Ceramics Blue and White Charger, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Ceramics Multicolor Decorated Charger, 04/1966 to 05/1966 HU Sacrificial Vessel, Sep-64 Anonymous Blue-de-Roi Cup and Saucer, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Jaune Jonquille Cup and Saucer, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Yellow, Green and Brown Melon Tureen, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Rose Pompadour Cup and Saucer, 04/1966 to 05/1966 Anonymous Emperor Akbar Holding Court, N/A Anonymous Episode from the Ghagavata, N/A Anonymous Gunakali Ragini, N/A Anonymous KRSNA Fluting for a Gopi, N/A Anonymous Portrait of Emperor Shah Jahan, N/A Anonymous Portrait of an Indian Princess, N/A Anonymous Scene from a Rasikapriya, N/A Anonymous Todi Ragini, N/A Anonymous Pancaraksa, N/A Anonymous Radha & Krishna, N/A Anonymous Vina Player, N/A Anonymous Krishna as Sri Nathaji, N/A Ch'ien Lung Pi Yu Jade Screens, N/A Aach, Herbert, 1961 “Mesa Grande” Abadi, Fritzie, 1952-1955 “December’s Dream” “Island” Abercrombie, Gertrude, 1951 “Message for Mercy” Alder, Samuel, 1950-1967 “Construction with 5 Figures” “Genesis II” “I Saw Him in Florence” “JUXTAPOSITION” “Breakwater” “Ritual” “White Still Life” “Invocation” “Thine Own Self” “Fortune Teller” “Of A Man in Florence” “Photo of Artist” Akawie, Thomas, 1965-1968 “Southwestern Desert” “Santa Maria del Fiore” “Dr. Strangelove” Albers, Josef, 1951- 1959 “Homage