[email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 1

Contents A séance in Coventry...... 2 A chat in ...... 2 Low-brow science...... 3 High-brow warfare...... 3 Gooch’s claims...... 4 Hybrids...... 4 The paternity of Jesus...... 5 The paternity of changelings...... 6 The paternity of fledglings...... 7 Polarities...... 8 Sun-moon...... 8 Psychosis-neurosis...... 9 Logic-intuition...... 9 Science-religion...... 10 Awake-dreaming...... 10 Adult-child...... 11 Day-night...... 12 God-devil...... 12 Male-female...... 12 Yang-yin...... 13 Fascism-communism...... 13 Pale-dark...... 13 Lance-cup...... 14 Gooch’s ...... 14 The domain of the kelp-otter...... 15 The mien of the zodiac...... 15 The skirt of Tangou...... 17 A Basque gravestone...... 18 The mien of an oriental...... 18 The shape of a nommo...... 19 The shape of a ...... 20 The shape of a vagina...... 20 The mien of a shuttle...... 20 The domain of the beaver...... 21 The exodus...... 22 The doges’ science...... 25 The births of composers...... 26 The sun and inner planets...... 26 The moon and outer planets...... 27 Effect sizes...... 28 Auxiliaries...... 28 A slight discrepancy...... 28 A technical detail...... 28 The basic polarity...... 29 The magi’s demise...... 30 The magi’s legacy...... 33 A séance on Guernsey...... 35 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 2

A séance in Coventry Stan Gooch ‘was ‘born in 1932 of working-class parents in the slums of south London in a house condemned as unfit for habitation’1 but he went on to gain a degree in modern languages at King’s College and to teach at a school in Coventry, so the rest should have been plain sailing. Instead, he went back to university and studied psychology, which he then applied to in the , so what made him change direction? Why did he go to a séance and heed a clairvoyant saying: There’s a young man here in air-force uniform killed in the last war. Can you place him? … He is with a group of other young fellows, laughing and joking. At first he was very bitter about his death, but he is happy now.2

Many young men were killed in the war and few were happy about it, but during another séance, those present became aware of an ape-like creature, resembling a caveman, crouched, trembling, in the corner of the room. Gooch came to suspect that he had seen a neanderthal.3

This seems to be far-fetched, but if ghosts look as real as the living and are seen by several people, why take them less seriously? My nocturnal left-handed mother often saw ghosts, so I asked her how to make out a ghost as such, but she said there was no direct way and gave an example. Soon after getting married, she had fallen ill and stayed in hospital for awhile. One day a young man in army uniform came to see her on what he said was his birthday. He also mentioned his name and chatted with her for twenty minutes or so before leaving. She appreciated the gesture and took him to be one of her husband’s friends, but her husband was likewise baffled so asked his mother about him. A friend of hers had a son with the same name, so she went to see her. It turned out that the soldier had come on the young man’s birthday but that the young man had died in the war. Stan Gooch was drawn to the by an archaic man and I by archaic science.

A chat in Berlin During the cold war I had tea in Berlin with the Indian consul, who had once gone with his wife to an astrologer while recovering from minor surgery. The astrologer said that his wife had the same ailment, though she was feeling at the time, then a few days later, she had to be rushed to hospital and be given the same operation. This seemed to be more than guesswork, so it called for an explanation. May our cells be able to sense the rising and setting of planets though atmospherics and use them as timers and regulators? Years later I devised a simple model and tried it out, and the results were statistically significant, but if astrology had begun as science, who had the scientists been, and what society had afforded them the facilities?

1 Stan Gooch, Biography. www.brentlogan.net 2 Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy. Simon & Schuster, 2008 3 Stan Gooch, obituary. Daily Telegraph, 04 Nov 2010 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 3 Low-brow science In the zodiac its inventors stand in a row as Sagittarius the horseman, Capricorn the goat-man and Aquarius the can-man. Aquarius appears in the Chinese version not as a man but a monkey, so its inventors were as shaggy as goats and as furry as monkeys, not as naked as Cro-magnon. But if these shaggy creatures were preoccupied with science, why were they often viewed as brawny and brainless, fit only for the battlefield?

High-brow warfare In the midst of the English civil war, Thomas Hobbes claimed that uncivilized life is ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,’4 then in the midst of the Vietnam war, Stanley Kubrik showed a brawl between furry cavemen at the start of one of his films.5 One of them clubs another to death with a bone as the first then happily throws it into the air, where it changes into a spaceship setting out to club extraterrestrials. In effect only increases the radius of terror. Likewise, in his autobiography (1976), Yehudi Menuhin surmised that the violin was invented by bowmen, who enjoyed the hum of strings on killing their prey then wished to hear it on other occasions too. Why, as implied by Hobbes, solitude may lead to poverty and violence is unclear. The fewer the mouths to be fed, the more adequate the resources and the less reason to be violent. This objection was raised by Hieronymus Bosch in his triptych known as the Garden of Earthly Delights (late 1400s), where events proceed from the panel on the left to the one on the right. In the first panel, Adam and Eve are enjoying the solitude of a lush landscape; in the second, there is unbridled reproduction worthy of the Saudi elite; and in the third, there is urban warfare. Art historians puzzle over the egg-tree shown on the right, though this is only the Yggdrasil (egg-thrush), the world-tree of Nordic mythology. The egg has no yolk left, so the shell is being used as a gambling den, not as a means of production. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the problem was political, not genetic: ‘the principle of all morality … is that man is a being naturally good, fond of justice and order; that there is no perversity at all in the heart … All vices imputed to the human heart are not in the least natural.’6

More recently, Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote of the anthropologist Sir James Frazer: ‘Frazer is much more savage than most of his savages.’7 Certainly Frazer’s comments shed more light on the nature of his own society than on the nature of the societies described, but his writing is otherwise crisp and informative, granting readers such as Wittgenstein the luxury of drawing their own conclusions. Gooch believed that met and interacted with Cro-magnon, as I did on the basis of their astronomical knowledge, which could hardly have been passed on by relics left in a . But why did I come to believe that astrology did not arise in Mesopotamia a few thousand years ago? After all, the general opinion seems to be that it began as a means of fortune-telling for kings.

4 Hobbes T. Leviathan, 1651 5 Kubrik S. Space Odyssey, 1968 6 My translation. Lettre à C. de Beaumont, La Pléiade, 1762 7 Wittgenstein L. Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough. In German 1967, in English 1979. [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 4 Gooch’s claims

Hybrids Aquarius appears in the Chinese version of the zodiac as Monkey and in India as the can-man or -man Hanuman, bearing a cone of herbs. (The h must have been spoken as in loch, the phonetic x.) The herbs typify him as a herbalist and the cone as an astronomer, since cross-sections of a cone are ellipses, and planets move in ellipses round the sun. The fact that the sun-centered model of the system was known to these archaic humans is also shown by a nummulite left by in a cave near Tata in present-day Hungary. Nummulites lived in the sea and grew in the form of spirals, and the shell is in the form of a disc with a natural crack running across it. A second crack has been added by hand at right angles to the first. This suggests that the shell was used to symbolize the zodiac and that the lines stood for its two alternative . The geocentric axis ran from the sun’s position at the spring equinox to its position at the fall equinox, and the heliocentric axis later ran from the sun’s position at the summer solstice to its position at the . Together they formed a cross like that on a hot-cross bun, eaten on Good Friday at the start of spring. The nummulite lay among other remains going back about 90 000 years, so even the sun-centered model of the system must have been widely accepted by then. But Hanuman’s cone of herbs stood for not only the cosmic mountain or system of planets but also the wooded home of the pandavas. His female equivalent appeared among Greeks as Pandora, bearing a cone of ailments, and among Picts as Vanora. Pan d’ava means pan of water and pan d’ora means pan of , so these too allude to the alternative models of the system. In effect, the cone alluded to Hanuman’s knowledge of herbs and astronomy and also to his wooded habitat. It then became not only Pandora’s conical vase but also the golden hat worn by wizards and embossed with astronomical data. The affinity of Han with Pan also implies that Hanuman amazed Cro-magnon with his musicality, as does the fact that the pandavas appear in Buddhism as the gandharvas or heavenly musicians. But despite the abundant evidence of contact, biologists still denied till after the end of the 1900s that neanderthals and Cro-magnon had interbred: While the writings of people like Stan Gooch and Myra Shackley speak of neanderthals surviving either in our genes and psychology or in remote areas of Asia as tribes of wild men, the hard evidence is less romantic in suggesting that the last members of this hardy and resourceful early human population finally faded away in western Europe 30 000 years ago.8

The relationship between neanderthals and modern humans is contentious, but recent advances in neanderthal genomics have shed new light on their evolutionary history. Here we review the available evidence and find no indication of any neanderthal contribution to modern genetic diversity.9

8 Stringer C. A relic of ‘Out of Africa’ from 1984. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London. ‘This paper presents an unpublished paper from a British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Norwich in 1984.’ 9 Hodgson JA & Discotel TR. No evidence of a neanderthal contribution to modern human diversity. Genome Biol., 2008 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 5

The DNA studied was mitochondrial, passed on only by mothers, though Cro-magnon men were less burly than neanderthal women so unlikely to have felt romantically protective towards them. In effect, the genetic evidence did not refute Gooch’s claim that Cro-magnon had mated with neanderthals but only his claim that ‘the mix (of genes from neanderthals and Cro-magnon) occurred solely in the context of rape and slavery.’10 Raped neanderthal women would have passed their mitochondrial DNA on like Taino women on Cuba: The average proportion of Native American ancestry in the veins (of Cubans) – 8% nationwide – climbs to 15% in eastern provinces (and far more in some individuals). It is almost exclusively derived from maternal lineage, likely from the conquistadors’ brutal rape of Taíno women. 11

The relative frailty of Cro-magnon is alluded to in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, where archaic Miranda, still surviving in isolation, sees the newcomer Ferdinand trying to lug logs and offers to do so ‘with much more ease’.12 The same asymmetry in sexual relations is alluded to in Genesis: And as people began to increase on the face of the earth and as daughters were born unto them, the sons of God saw the daughters of men and liked them and chose whichever they wished.13

The daughters of God (or rather of the holy spirit) saw the sons of men and preferred not to bother. Allusions to interbreeding between archaic humans and Cro-magnon are also found in the gospels, in fairy-tales in Europe and in sites around .

The paternity of Jesus In the gospel according to Mateus, is Jesus the son of Herod and in line for the throne, or is he the son of a mage and in line for the priesthood? The choice is not only between roles but also between races, since the magi are called wise men from the east but would not have seen the rising of Jesus’ star unless sailing eastwards across the Mediterranean, so they were no tribesmen coming on foot from the near east but merchants coming by sea from the far east. On Hokkaido, they were known as the dogū, in Tibet as the dzogchen, in Africa as the dogon, by the Great Lakes in North America as the djogeon and by the Mediterranean as the doges – homes d’aigua, men of water. As shown by dogū figurines on Hokkaido or by figurines of Bes in Egypt, they were short and stocky with big nocturnal eyes, so in and Brittany and by the Great Lakes they were known as the little people. Natives in their region round the Pacific have genes first found in an ancient tooth in the Denisova cave in Siberia half a year before Gooch’s death, and they seem to have reached the Pacific from Africa by sea, as implied by the route taken by one of their symbols: Neanderthals, according to Gooch, worshiped the cave bear, the spider and the serpent – animals with whom they shared their .14

10 Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals. Simon & Schuster, 12 Jan 2006 11 Baker CB. Cuba’s Taíno people. BBC News, 6 Feb 2019 12 Shakespeare W. The Tempest, Act 3, Scene 1, 1611 13 Genesis 6 14 Stan Gooch & the neanderthal legacy, www.unexplained-mysteries.com, 03 May 2011 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 6

They shared their caves with other creepy-crawlies such as millipedes and woodlice, so what was special about bears, snakes and spiders? Neanderthals were furry and hibernated like bears; they believed that planets evolved from a nebula coiled like a snake; and their resulting system of planets had eight orbs like the legs of a spider. A hovering snake is a dragon, so the route taken by the dragon motif may be that of their emigration. According to the trees (of evolution of the dragon motif), the motif first left Africa and reached the Far East, followed by a version brought to Australia, and another was subsequently diffused into the Americas. Soon after this diffusion, the motif was also diffused around the Mediterranean Sea.15

The diffusion from the far east to Australia and from there to South America may owe as much to preconception as to analysis. The key question is how the dragon traveled from East Africa to East Asia, to escape the heat of an interglacial, without leaving footprints underway. If unable to travel by air, it must have traveled on the high seas on the Indian ocean gyre: Ocean currents are due mainly to the earth’s spinning, since the sea is not anchored to the earth and tends to be left behind, especially along the equator, where the earth is widest and the speed greatest, so as the earth spins eastwards, the sea along the equator flows westwards. The current flowing past India is blocked by Africa then flows south before flowing back along the coast of Antarctica to Australia and South America. Old maps show Antarctica with an ice-free coast, and the first natives in northeastern Australia, were called the quincan – the five cans. The name is a variant of canquin, panquin or penguin, and penguins live on Antarctica, not in Asia. Seafaring would also explain the presence of genes in bones about 400 000 years old in Spain16 and the presence on the Canary Islands in the Atlantic of a dogū figurine (the Idol of Tara) like those on Hokkaido in the Pacific. A further sign of the racial difference between Herod and the magi is offered by a relief over a portal of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, 400 km west of the Spanish cave with denisovan genes. One of only three churches said to rest on the tomb of an apostle, it was ruined by Islamic terrorists in 997 then rebuilt from 1075 on. The relief over the Puerta de las Platerias shows a winged monkey above Jesus, who is a hybrid with the feet of a monkey.

The paternity of changelings In northern and western Europe, there are tales about children left in the homes of landlubbers in exchange for local children, but some of these so-called children turn out to be fully grown dwarfs or pygmies. They sometimes blow their cover by playing the bagpipes, which as wind instruments allude to their version of genesis, in which planets evolve from the whirlwind of a spiral nebula.

15 d’Huy J. Statistical methods for studying mythology. Institute of the African World, Sorbonne, 2013 16 Feltman, R. Ancient DNA from Spain’s ‘pit of bones’ could reveal the origin of neanderthals. The Washingt, so on Post, 15 Mar 2016 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 7

Indeed, in Brittany, the little people were called korrigans (ouragans/hurricanes). In effect local women were accused of having affairs with merchant seamen, who arrived under cover of darkness in the course of a trade cycle. This may have made local men jealous but not have been strictly illicit, as the marriage of two or more men to one woman was commonplace. Interbreeding is also implied by the claim that the dwarf Bes in Egypt would amuse children by pulling faces, which would have been seen mostly by people in the same family. Apparently he conceived children in the course of one trade cycle then first saw his children in the course of the next. Some were then alarmed by his alien appearance, so he cheered them up by clowning. If he then conceived another child, he could take the first with him on his travels and bring him back a year later in exchange for the next. Given such intimacy between the two races, their languages too may have blended. In effect changelings were not children left in the homes of strangers in exchange for prettier children but were children looked after alternately by their separate parents. Known by the Mediterranean as doges, the little people sailed not only to Brittany but also to the Great Lakes, where Seneca Indians called them the djogeon and made masks of them with big nocturnal eyes in the act of pulling faces, often with the tongue hanging out like that of Bes. Interbreeding is also implied by a Seneca tale.17 A young Indian called Snow follows migrating waxwings up a stream into the past, where he enters a ravine and is hit by a stone, then on coming to, he hears footfalls as light as a child’s and words in a familiar language. He is recognized and welcomed by the little people and taught their beliefs then is sent back to the Seneca, to offer them djogeon produce in exchange for tobacco. A gene found among modern humans addicted to tobacco came from neanderthals or their kin.18 Snow’s identity as a changeling is clear from his knowledge of the language and from his hue, for the can-men – not Cro-magnon, as claimed by Gooch – were also the pail-men or pale men. Cro- magnon was diurnal and left Africa much later, so his skin may have been dark till recently, as implied by the DNA from bones in the northwest of Spain19 and the Cheddar Gorge.20 In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the return of neanderthals or their kin is symbolized by the return of woodland round the castle and is announced by a ‘cream-faced loon’ as one of their representatives.

The paternity of fledglings Stonehenge was designed as an aviary, whose stones are said to have been brought from afar by Merlin (merle/blackbird). A copse to the northeast is called Robin Hood’s ball as if the haunt of a robin; to the northwest lies Larkhill and to the southwest Amesbury (amsel/blackbird); and the river at Great Durnford is overlooked by the hillfort of Ogbury (egg-berry). Stonehenge also has a Cuckoo Stone offering cuckoos a rest on their way to or from the Canary or Cuckoo Isles, so the merchant seamen were likened to cuckoos leaving eggs in other birds’ nests in the course of their

17 Parker AC. A tale of the djogeon or pygmies. Seneca Myths & Folk Tales, the Buffalo Historical Society, 1923 18 Radford T. Neanderthal DNA may account for nicotine addiction and depression. The Guardian, 11 Feb 2016 19 Laluela Fox C et al. Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old European. Nature 507, 26 Jan 2014 20 Yeginsu C & Zimmer C. ‘Cheddar Man,’ Britain’s oldest skeleton, had dark skin, DNA shows. New York Times, 07 Feb 2018 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 8 yearly migrations. The analysis of animal remains at Stonehenge has shown that they were brought from all over Britain, as if by sea.21 One of the sea-routes linking Britain with elsewhere may have been the racetrack of Atlantis otherwise known as the North Atlantic gyre, leading from Britain to the Canary Isles then across to the Caribbean, northwards to Newfoundland and finally eastwards, back to Britain. The kinship of Canaan at the eastern end of the Mediterranean with Canandaigua, south of Lake Ontario, is shown by folklore. Snow was hit by a stone from a dwarf’s sling near Canandaigua, and Goliath by a stone from a smaller man’s sling in Canaan. The little people by Canandaigua were known as the stone- throwers and so were the jetins in Upper Brittany and Guernsey. The word sling is akin to schlange in German, which is the word for snake, and the word most like snake in German is schnecke, which means snail, so a sling was associated with a snake coiled up like the shell of a snail. In effect, it was associated with a coiled-up snake or spiral nebula so may have been used to check the force of gravity needed, to keep it in shape while spinning. Stan Gooch is said to have summarized the differences between archaic and modern humans in terms of polarities,22 so to what extent are the polarities still plausible?

Polarities

Sun-moon In other words Cro-magnon worshiped the sun and neanderthals the moon. In fact, it seems unlikely that anyone or anything was worshiped in the paleolithic, since communities were smaller and their members closely related, so differences in ability and rank may have been slight. There was no servant-master relationship to be transferred from people to planets. The sun-centered model of the system seems to have been invented by Hanuman and his kin, not by Cro-magnon, but the orb at the hub was important only if it had spawned planets through volcanic eruption, and Hanuman and his kin believed rather that they had evolved from a spiral nebula. The sun first became important with the militarization of society, when warriors wished to justify their burnt-earth policy by declaring that planets erupt from the sun then fall back periodically to be purged, as this justified political and ethnic cleansing. If Cro-magnon was the first to wage war, Gooch was right to associate him with the sun, but what was the earlier state of affairs? Up to about 20 000 years ago, there was an unprecedented increase in the size of the human brain, beginning about 3 000 000 years ago. This must have been due to natural selection, which is not selection by the whole of nature but only by a creature’s ecological niche. In the case of humans, this includes society, so the nature of human society must have changed about 3 000 000 years ago. Once humans had secured their place at the top of the food-chain, the main risk was starvation through depletion of their resources, and this could be hindered by letting only a certain number of children survive at birth. The rate of reproduction depends mainly on the number of women, not of men, so the sacrifice of children could be limited mainly to females. Societies then had more men 21 Madgwick R et al. Multi-isotope analysis reveals that feasts in the Stonehenge environs and across Wessex drew people and animals from throughout Britain. Science Advances, 13 March 2019 22 Wikipedia, Stan Gooch, 2019, [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 9 than women, so each woman had two or more husbands like Snow-white with the seven dwarfs. A community could be eradicated by capturing or killing the women, so in the Iliad the Trojans find a replacement in the form of Helen and treat her well, but the Greeks are keen to remove her. There is no point in some groups limiting their rate of reproduction, if others reproduce faster then encroach, so there must have been a blanket agreement lasting about 3 000 000 million years, till planning was replaced by warfare and the killing of ringleaders, then the speedy increase in brain- power was even more speedily reversed. Over the past 20 000 years the average size of the human male brain has decreased from 1 500 cubic centimeters to 1 350 cc, losing a chunk the size of a tennis ball. The female brain has shrunk by about the same proportion.23

This is a 10% loss, much greater than a 10% loss in IQ, since the IQ scale, like the Fahrenheit scale, begins way above absolute zero. Most warriors were male, so men replaced women as the coveted minority, houris became whores, and polygamy replaced polyandry. The question is whether Cro- magnon had never accepted the blanket agreement or abandoned it long after reaching Europe. Neanderthals are thought to have died out between 43 000 and 28 000 years ago, so there remains a gap of at least 8 000 years between their demise and the reversal of policy. The fact that the magi were associated with the holy spirit is shown by the Isenheim Altarpiece (1512-1516) from Matthias Grunewald, where an elderly winged monkey is providing a string consort of angels with a basso continuo, while smoke is spiraling out of the pillars of a canopy. The magi were also associated with the holy spirit in the Andes, as shown by the tail of a monkey engraved in the desert.24

Psychosis-neurosis Was Cro-magnon psychotic? The main symptoms of psychosis are delusions and hallucinations,25 but no species can be deluded and survive, and hallucinations are often due to lack of sleep, not to a person’s nature. Neurosis is ‘a poor ability to adapt to one’s environment (and) an inability to change one’s life patterns,’26 but the magi reacted to climate change by traveling by boat to Australia and America (Capricorn as a merman) and from there on horseback to Europe (Sagittarius), while the forerunners of Cro-magnon showed less initiative.

Logic-intuition Hanuman rightly guessed that planets move round the sun, not round the earth; he worked out their relative distances from the sun by observing parallax due to the earth’s motion; he found that most planets occur at regularly doubled distances from the sun; and he then surmised that they had evolved from a spiral nebula. This hardly implies that he lacked enough logic. The main difference

23 McAuliffe K. If modern humans are so smart, why are our brains shrinking? (Quote from John Hawks). Discover Magazine, 20 Jan 2011 24 The aerial photograph was taken by Maria Reiche in 1953. The lies in the Nazca Desert in Peru and measures 93 by 58 meters. 25 www.nhs.uk/conditions/psychosis , 2019 26 Wikipedia. Neurosis, 2019 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 10 between Cro-magnon and the magi was that the latter were nocturnal so had bigger eyes and tallying parts of the brain.27 As shown by Eşref Armağan, a Turkish artist blind from birth, these parts of the brain are able to assess patterns in general, so the magi were better at viewing possibilities from various angles. This ability to shift perspective is the essence of creativity and humor, so the solitary satyr Pan was known for his dead-pan humor, and shy leprechauns for their satirical wit. Brain regions associated with recognizing patterns tend to light up more in autistic people than in the general population, perhaps explaining why those with autism often excel at visual tasks … The brain regions in question are called the temporal and occipital areas, and are associated with perception and recognition of patterns.28

Neanderthal skulls have a capacious occipital bun, emulated by Buddha’s head and Phrygian caps. Laurent Mottron of the Centre for Excellence in Pervasive Development Disorders at the university of Montreal goes on to say: The autistic brain is reorganized, but it’s not reorganized in a disorganized way. It’s reorganized in the sense of favoring visual expertise.

No evidence is offered that the coherence of an autistic person’s brain is due to reorganization. As regards the doges and logic: The doges settled on Crete, as shown by the typical orientation of old buildings and by the stout legs of its ‘goddess statues’, like those of dogū figurines on Hokkaido. Someone wary of trading with them asked if they were honest. ‘No,’ a Cretan replied, ‘all Cretans are liars.’ He not only thought logically but also about logic.

Science-religion Should it not be the other way round? The magi, not Cro-magnon, were likened to spiders, encompassing the world with their webs of ideas. Their forking tree, showing the evolution of the system of planets through the division and sub-division of a spiral nebula, predated Darwin’s tree of evolution by several ice ages, and their theory of epigenetic changes, underlying medical astrology, is unparalleled even today. As for religion in the sense of ritual worship, this was opposed in China by the Taoists on behalf of the devils, as shown by the fact that tao is German for dew or d’eau, which is also the root of devil, deva and dava, as in pandava: The withdrawal from society, the antipathy toward ritual roles, traditional ‘morality’, and any social structures or traditional culture suggests a kind of Daoist ‘ethos’ as an antithesis to Confucianism in China.29

Awake-dreaming All creatures have cycles of wakefulness and sleep, but neanderthals lived further from the equator and hibernated, so in winter they were dreamier than Cro-magnon and in summer wider awake, to make hay while the sun shone. This may also explain their taste for tobacco: if their summer exuberance led to friction, they could smoke the pipe of peace. 27 Pearce E & Dunbar R. Latitudinal variation in light levels drives human visual system size. Biology Letters, July 2011 28 Chan A. Autistic brain excels at recognizing patterns. Live Science, 4 April 2011 29 Daoism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003-2007 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 11

Their inclination to hibernate is implied by the distribution of genes for lipid catabolism among Europeans, East Asians and Africans. Linked to neanderthals, these genes are most common in Europeans, less common in East Asians and least common in Africans.30 The lipids are used in the storage or breakdown of fats for energy, as if fats were stored at the end of summer and used for energy in winter. Fuel is likewise stored by birds who migrate over long distances without feeding.31 The neanderthal habit of hibernation is also implied by changes in the timing and length of pregnancy.32 As shown by a graph based on UN data of live births, these occur earlier in the year at higher latitudes, as if children were conceived earlier, to leave time for them to adapt to their new surroundings before the earlier onset of winter. Another way to let them be born earlier is to shorten the length of pregnancy, as happens if mothers fast over Yom Kippur.33 In effect the lack of food signals the onset of an ice age, then children are born prematurely, but if there were less food from the start, a fetus could also develop faster, so birth would be earlier but not premature. Findings imply that this was the case: A comparison of the growth rates of , Homo heidelbergiensis, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens from the -mesolithic has shown that the dental growth of the first two was faster than that of Homo sapiens, which is still unchanged today, but the fastest dental growth was of Homo neanderthalensis, who lived at the highest latitudes.34 The fossils are said to be European, but the sites are not mentioned. The higher growth rate of neanderthals was confirmed by researchers at the Max Planck Institute, who analyzed the teeth of a young neanderthal, dating back about 100 000 years, from the Scladia caves in Belgium.35 But the skeleton of a young neanderthal, dating back about 50 000 years, from a Spanish cave has since been found to have had the same rate of growth as a modern human. The rate may have been faster at higher latitudes and have persisted beyond pregnancy.

Adult-child The culture of the dogon in Africa still bears the imprint of their mentors. Social harmony is of considerable importance within dogon culture … A greeting among dogon is complex and may take several minutes, beginning with formal questions about the other’s health (Are you well?) before moving on to queries about family members (Is your wife well? Are your children well?)36

30 Khrameeva EE et al. Neanderthal ancestry drives eolvution of lipid catabolism in contemporary Europeans. Natur Communications, 01 Apr 2014 31 Stryer et al. Biochemistry, 6th edition. W.H. Freeman, 2007, p. 619 32 Human mating seasons: The surprising link between your birthday and place of birth. Data Driven Journalism, 25 Mar 2018 33 Study: Fasting on Yom Kippur doubles risk of premature birth. Jewish Telegraph Agency, 29 Sep 2014 34 Rozzi, FVR. Surprisingly rapid growth in neaderthals. Nature 428, 2004 35 Thompson A. Neanderthals grew up faster than humans, 04 Dec 2007 36 Wikle T. Living and spiitual worlds of Mali’s dogon people. American Geographical Society, 2016-19 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 12

Children are less circumspect. The doges are represented in Brittany by the korrigans, who have fun with and play tricks on whoever disrespects and disturbs them … As to people who treat them well, they show them goodwill and render them many services.37

They are playful but consequential, childlike but not childish.

Day-night Yes, Cro-magnon was diurnal and the magi were nocturnal, as shown by the sizes of eye-sockets. The eyes of the dogŭ on Hokkaido, of the wandjina in Australia, of Kaal on Java, and of priests in Sumer are big and round; and the little people were also known as the night dancers. The desert locust has two main phenotypes, one ravenous, gaudy, gregarious and diurnal, and the other thrifty, beige, solitary and nocturnal. The former is adapted to lush regions and the latter to arid ones, so they may tally with Cro-magnon, fresh from the tropics, and the magi in temperate climes.

God-devil The polarity should rather be God-Satan. Being mainly underwater, the earth was symbolized by cod or dew, by god or dieu, by goat or devil. In effect both God and the devil stood for the orb at the hub of the system and Satan/Saturn for the orb on the rim. As the warrior-caste arose and adopted the sun-centered model of the system, the word god was used for the sun as the orb at the hub.

Male-female In paleolithic societies, reproduction was curbed by limiting the number of women and by favoring homosexuality by training homosexuals as artisans, so the two most influential factions were made up of women as a coveted minority and of homosexuals as the cannier. Since women were in the minority, most artisans were male, so round-table discussions were not biased towards either sex. The societies were matriarchal only in the sense that each woman had two or more husbands, so a mother was known with more certainty than a father. As planning yielded to warfare, men killed each other, leaving more women than men, so men became the coveted minority. In effect societies run by women and erudite men gave way to societies run by impetuous men, so the shift was not so much from one sex to the other as from well informed persuasion to poorly informed coercion. The allegiance of the magi is a theme of some depictions. In the gospel, their number is not mentioned, but they are mostly shown as three. Serge Belobaba, has pointed out that these were firstly one woman and two men. As such, they stood for the three main factions of militarized society – the mothers, the artisans and the warriors – but as shown over a doorway on the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, they stand for a family unit in the form of a wife with two husbands.

37 Les Korrigans. www.auray.org, 2018 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 13

Yang-yin This alludes to the lines, whole or split, which signify the eight orbs in the sun-centered model of the system in Tibet and China. In effect they go back to the doges and their version of genesis, according to which a spiral nebula split into two, then into four, then into eight. A whole line (yang) alludes to the initial condition, dynamic and nebulous, and a split line (yin) to the final condition, inert and clear. In effect the change from yang to yin was not from male to female but from cloud to snow, from malleable and vague to firm and clear. Yang is the more dynamic so was later associated with warriors and men, but the original meaning is also revealed by a commentary to the Chinese Book of Changes, where a set of whole lines is said to show ‘a flight of dragons without heads.’ The orb at the hub of the system was its head, so a dragon without a head was a spiral nebula. Clearly, the symbolism of yang and yin was meant to embody the doges’ cosmogony, not to typify them and Cro-magnon.

Fascism-communism This may depend on the period. Among the Navajo, property was communally owned but allocated at need by the homosexual in charge, who had no offspring of his own to favor. This tradition goes back to the magi, whom the Navajo call the diyin diné. D’ina means of light in Hausa, the main West African language, so the diyin diné were the djinn of light. The transatlantic connection is also apparent from other words: the diyin among the Navajo in America lived in hooghans, in the form of conical , and those among the Dogon in Africa were called hogons. The question is whether the old order was undermined by Cro-magnon or whether societies in general were destabilized. In a ballad about Little John and Robin Hood, the two woodsmen mount a bridge from opposite ends at the same time, and neither is willing to yield, so Little John fights with his staff – the can- man’s cane – and knocks Robin into the brook (the original axis of the zodiac). In another tale, Little Red Riding Hood is threatened by a wolf dressed up as her grandmother (her family’s senior matriarch) then escapes with the help of washerwomen along a clothesline bridging a river.38 This line appears in Tibet as a line of prayer flags, but clothes hung out to dry in the Himalayas would tend to freeze, so the simile must have come from elsewhere. It also occurs in the Hebrew Sefer Bahir, as if spread by doges.

Pale-dark Stan Gooch believed that neanderthals headed north from Africa by land, whereas Cro-magnon ‘must have evolved in conditions of poor sunlight, toward the north of Asia/Europe’,39 but pallor was associated with Aquarius the pail-man or pale man, not with Cro-magnon, which is why the little people in Ireland were known unkindly as the leprechauns (leprous cans). An author of the Old Testament takes his satirical revenge by presenting a Syrian general with a slave girl. The general is genuinely leprous, but in looking like a harmless mage, he is a terrorist no longer able to terrify. Mortified by this cruel turn of events, he looks for help but has slaughtered all the medical magi, who might otherwise have helped him, so he can only plead with his slave.40 In

38 Beckett SL. The Greenwod Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairytales. The greenwood Publishing Group, 2008 39 Gooch S. The Neanderthal Legacy, Simon & Schuster, 2008 40 S Kings 5 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 14 the last of seven labors, the Persian warrior Rostam kills a white devil, whose blood is able to restore a person’s sight, as if the devil had been a white healer with outstanding eyesight.

Lance-cup A further polarity put forward by Gooch was one between the bleeding lance and the graal in Chrétien de Troyes Perceval, as if they stood for male and female, but in a procession viewed by Perceval, there is also a candelabra, so the lance, the graal and the candelabra stand primarily for the three factions of militarized society – the warriors, the mothers and the erudite. The lance began as the can-man’s cane, which was not so much a symbol as a utility. Canes were used as channels in , as stilts for homes in lagoons, as poles for , as reeds for boats and as pipes for Pan’s flute. In southeast Asia it grows fast so is easily renewed. The fisher king was wounded in the groin, but this alludes to the zodiac more than to his sexuality. In Scandinavia the old axis was symbolized by the ice-giant Ymir (Rimy), who was licked into life by a cow (Taurus), and ran from not only the sun’s position at the spring equinox to its position at the fall equinox but also, metaphorically speaking, from east to west, so if the fisher-king lay east- west, the lance must have run through him from north to south. Its position is revealed by further characters associated with the graal. Guillaume is French for William, so Guinivere is French for Windermere, a glacial finger-lake like Canandaigua; and a red lance is a rote lanze (Lanzarote) in German. A geodesic from Lake Windermere to Lanzarote passes within miles of the Groyne, as A Coruňa was known in medieval English, then within miles of Santiago de Compostela (of the hippokampos stele or east-west axis). A hippokampos was a stylized sea-horse, standing for the alliance between doges and landlubbers, the vanir and the æsir, and neanderthals. A seahorse lives in the sea but has a coiled body like a spiral nebula, so it also stood for the old order of society. An east-west geodesic from Cairo to Jaina Island (djinn island) by the Yucatan Peninsula runs directly through the Groyne.

Gooch’s neanderthal These polarities may be grouped, to give a clearer image of a neanderthal as seen through Gooch’s eyes. The polarity of sun and moon is misleading insofar as the sun-centered model of the system was invented by the doges, not Cro-magnon, but valid if taken to allude to day and night, since Cro- magnon was diurnal and neanderthals nocturnal. This is how it was taken by Falstaff in Henry IV: When though art king, let not us who are squires of the night’s body be called thieves of the day’s beauty. Let us be Diana’s foresters, gentlemen of the shade, minions of the moon, and let men say we be men of good government, being governed, as the sea is, by our noble and chaste mistress, the moon, under whose countenance we steal.41

They could hardly have stolen from each other, since property was communal, though certainly a musician with a good flute may have been allowed to keep it safely for himself. The polarities of wakefulness and dreaming, psychosis and neurosis, suggest that, to Gooch, Cro-magnon was alert and rash like Lear, and neanderthals were dreamy and hesitant like Hamlet. This also tallies with the

41 Shakespeare W. Henry IV, Part I, Act I, Scene II, before 1597 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 15 polarity of yang and yin, as he understood it. The polarities of logic and intuition, science and religion, adult and child, may be jointly understood as the polarity of analytical and imaginative. The resulting image of a neanderthal recalls that of a Victorian lady, drowsing under a sunshade with a book of romantic fiction, while her husband is out hunting and bearing the world’s weight on his shoulders. If only he would soften up a little and she would put her shoulders to the , all would be well. In effect, they are like two people, one of whom wishes to head northwest and the other northeast. If they only would agree to head north, they would move ahead faster together. But this presupposes that a single direction or mode of behavior would be optimal at all times, though the world is continually wavering. There are cycles of night and day, winter and summer, ice age and green age, and like a pendulum they linger by their extremes, not by their mid-points. Creatures in general – be they humans or desert locusts – need two norms of behavior, not one. Indeed, they need even more variants to cope with irregular changes, but before examining these, we may turn to the Knights Templar, whom Gooch believed were safeguarding neanderthal lore but were rather safeguarding the doges’ commonwealth in the form of l’outremer, the otter sea. The otter was not the sea-otter but the marine otter, as shown by the appearance of these seamen in German folklore as the klabautermänner, the kelp-otter-men, with their tobacco-stained yellow teeth. The marine otter is not at home in the Baltic Sea but in forests of kelp along the west coast of South America, and though one of smallest otters, it is at ease in windy and turbulent waters. The doges’ commonwealth was huger than the Roman or British empire in reaching from Canandaigua to Canaan, from Canberra to Canterbury and from the Antarctic to the Arctic.

The domain of the kelp-otter The time of year can be gauged from the points on the horizon where the sun rises and sets, so farmers had a reason to take an interest in astronomy, but the stars are most useful to long-distance navigators without landmarks for orientation, so the relevance of planets as timers and regulators seems to have been discovered by the doges, and allusions to the zodiac are most common round the Pacific, the holy kraal of their commonwealth. Moreover, as shown by the fisher king and the lance running through his groin, the old axis of the zodiac could be symbolized by not only a cane but also a cane-man, so the end or start of the axis could be symbolized by his or her head.

The mien of the zodiac The mien of Kaal was recently found in the Lena Hara Cave on East Timor together with fish-hooks made from shell. Images scratched into stone can hardly be dated, but stone in the cave go back about 35 000 years, and the mien has big nocturnal eyes and is in the form of a segment. The whole circle must the zodiac, and the eyes the outermost planet, assigned to each sign at the end of the axis. [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 16

When Saturn was the most distant planet known, this must have been the mien of Satan, then as Uranus was identified as a planet by the doges, it became the mien of Kaal, the calendar-maker. In a year of 13 months of 28 days, the axis begins in the middle of a sign, so a mien there would have only one eye like the giant Searbhan (Sorbus, rowan) of Irish mythology or the red-haired giant Ojáncano (djinn-canoe) of Cantabrian mythology. The former guarded the old axis of the zodiac in the form of the world-tree, and the latter in the form of a hollowed-out tree-canoe. The mien at the end of the axis was also known in Bolivia, as shown above, and in Japan, as shown on the right by a mien on a piece of stone in the shape of ‘an inverted triangle’ or rather a segment.42 Dated back about 4 300 years, it belongs to the Jōmon culture, known for its dogū figurines, showing that the mien of the zodiac was associated with the doges. Not only the iconography but also the words were sometimes the same in Southeast Asia and South America. The planets were known in Tibet as the parka (barques) but also appeared as the tara (stars), which among certain tribes in the Amazon is the word for moon. According to Stan Gooch: it should be emphasized that the languages of the North and South American Indians bear no relationship whatsoever to any of the Indo-European,43

But the rulers of Ireland were crowned on the hill of Tara at the junction of five roads, alluding to the moon- or earth-centered model of the system, made up of five orbs. The cultural affinity is also shown by the mien on a so-called Janus figure on Boa Island, where it appears on both sides of the slab, for in marking the end of the geocentric axis, it also marks the end of one year and the start of the next. The head should rather be at the end of an axis, not between axes, but as shown by the skull and crossbones, this was not so much a mistake as a partial beheading, as the head was shifted from one axis to the other, as societies became militarized, and parrots made way for pirates. The mien appeared in the 10th century on the Snaptun stone from Denmark and as an amulet from a Viking hoard in Gnezdovo in western Russia. The eyebrows meet in the middle, as if denisovans had a single brow-ridge over both eyes, as did monkeys and neanderthals. This is also a of the figures on Easter Island.

42 Karasavvas T, 4,300-year-old first face offers a glimpse of ancient Japanese culture. Ancient Origins, 19 Dec 2017 43 Gooch S. The Dream Culture of the Neanderthals. Simon & Schuster, 12 Jan 2006 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 17

The mien also occurs among the Chockwe in Angola in Africa. The cross on the brow stands for the two axes of the zodiac, and the brow is encircled by a band of 13 cowries, tallying with months in a year and signs in the zodiac, so the mien must allude to the zodiac too. In the middle ages, the mien was honored not only by Vikings but also by minnesänger (mien-singers or singes de la mine) in northern Europe, while Cathars and cabbalists in and around the Pyrenees were trying to restore the old order. They may even have been in touch with the djogeon dwarfs or Seneca by Lake Canandaigua in North America,, since this Pre-Columbian name of the lake – canal d’aigua – is Catalan for channel of water. If the old axis of the zodiac were shown as a woman with her mien at the end, the sign at the start could be shown as her skirt.

The skirt of Tangou Here it is the skirt of the Phoenician goddess Tanit or Tangu/Tango, topped by oniata, the ‘dry hand’, a symbol of the little people by Lake Canandaigua, who believed that the planets had evolved from a spiral nebula through division and subdivision like the branching of a palm-tree into fronds or of the palm of a hand into fingers. The tango is said to have come from the Rio de la Plata in South America, but Tangu is also a variant of Pangu, a furry person who, in Chinese mythology, was the first being to hatch out of the cosmic egg (of a pangu or penguin). This confirms that the zodiac was invented by the doges, known in Australia as the quinkan or kanquin, in China as the panquin or pangu, on Hokkaido as the tengu, in Phoenicia as the tangu and in South America as the tango. The sign for Tangu was known in Egypt as the ankh, a name derived from those of the sun and seven planets in the sun-centered model of the system: Amun Amunet Nu Naunet Kekui Kekuit Hehu Hehut It might be argued that Cro-magnon adopted the doges’ symbolism, not their sustainable economics, but like the doges, the Phoenicians liked to settle on islands and peninsulas, not on open land, so their priority was defense, not offense. They also limited their rate of reproduction: Just as ancient Greek and Roman propagandists insisted, the Carthaginians did kill their own infant children, burying them with sacrificed animals and ritual inscriptions in special cemeteries to give thanks for favors from the gods, according to a new study.44

The Phoenicians killed their own children, whereas the Greeks and Romans killed other people’s, encouraging warfare and economic disaster. The article in the Guardian continues:

44 Kennedy M. Carthaginians sacrificed own children, archaeologists say. The Guardian, 21 Jan 2014 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 18

‘This is something dismissed as black propaganda because in modern times people just didn’t want to believe it,’ said Josephine Quinn, a lecturer in ancient history at Oxford.

This is the pot calling the kettle black. Britain’s food self-sufficiency was only 60% in 2014; it does not have enough drinking water, especially in immigrant areas like London; and its wildlife is drastically in decline.45 The food self-sufficiency of Syria in 2012 was 56%,46 and the rest is history.

A Basque gravestone Tangu’s skirt on the stele is wide enough to encompass two signs of the zodiac but was mostly wide enough to encompass only one like the lower part of a Basque gravestone from the 1700s. The disc at the top encompasses eight smaller discs, alluding to the number of planets in the doges’ model of the system. Basque mythology includes the lamiak, who were women from the waist up and snakes from the waist down like Nū Gua, the queen of darkness, in China. As a woman she stood for Mother Earth and as a snake for the spiral nebula, so she was acceptable to both mothers and artisans. A further sign of the Basques’ devotion to the old order is the witches’ sabbath. When Christianity was imposed on the Basques by the Spanish authorities, they reacted by celebrating the witches’ sabbath in church.47

The mien of an oriental The little people were known as the night dancers, as in Lower Brittany,48 and were associated with penguins, even in regions far from Antarctica, as shown by a clay tablet from ancient Egypt. The dwarf Bes is mostly portrayed realistically as a doge with round ears and a broad nose but is here shown as a lion; the oriental mien with slanting eyes and a neck like the tail of a fish alludes to his domain in the far east and is in the form of a segment; the owl alludes to his being a ‘night-owl’, and the penguin to his exodus from Africa via Antarctica. Penguins are found as far north as Cape Town, but this is 4 500 miles or 7 200 kilometers away from Cairo as the crow flies and is much further by sea, so long-distance trade must have been commonplace. The portrayal of Bes as a lion suggests that the four symbols were meant to mark the two axes of the zodiac. Lions are at home in the tropics and penguins in the Antarctic, so they mark the north-south heliocentric axis; and orientals are at home in the east, so the owl belongs in the west, to mark nightfall and the end of the geocentric axis.

45 Carrington D. Britain’s food self-sufficiency is in long-term decline. Guardian, 7 Aug 2014 46 FAO statistical pocket book 2012 – World Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 36 47 Alkman. Basque Paganism. The Pagan Files, www.alkman1.blogspot.com, 06 Aug 2006 48 Luzel F-M. Les danseurs de nuit. Contes populaires de Basse-Bretagne. Wikisource.org [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 19

The tablet need only be turned clockwise through 45° for the symbols to be in the right places. Leo is then at the top, not at the bottom, since the sun is in the north if seen from Australia. The heliocentric axis must have been shown earlier as an egg leading to a penguin, since one season gives birth to the next, and the Easter hare lays an egg. The replacement of the egg by a lion reveals the militarization of Egyptian society, as does the replacement of a nightingale by an owl, a songbird by a bird of prey. The fact that Pangu, the first created being in Chinese mythology, was likewise a penguin is shown by the big red nose of his equivalent Tengu on Japan. The kind of penguin with a big red beak is the rockhopper, whose feathery eyebrows are like the headdresses of native American chiefs and Bes. Indeed, in a tale from the Seneca near Lake Canandaigua, a boy comes back from the little people and says that they and the Seneca dress alike. The rockhopper is unusual among penguins in being able to fly, if only briefly like a hen, in hopping from rock to rock, so he is versatile in being a bird of the air, at ease underwater and viable on land. He feeds mostly on krill, so the doges’ domain was known as the krill or kraal and was symbolized by a chalice or cup of water. Cup and ring are found along the eastern shores of the Atlantic, especially in Galicia round the Groyne. The big red nose is also typical of the hulder (female) and huldrekall (male) of Scandinavian folklore. The men are said to have long noses and the women to be ravishing singers. In Japan, the tengu were lampooned by warriors as birds of prey with phallic beaks. The far eastern origin of the kraal or graal is shown by the fact that Lohengrin, as one of its knights or nights, is the European version of Lihangin, the Visayan deity of the wind (the holy ghost/the whole gust) on the Philippines. In Wagner’s opera, he appears as a doge in a boat drawn by swans and is helpful unless asked for his name. There were two reasons for not asking him: 1) Only an outsider would ask him, and altruism is counterproductive if offered to all people: the unselfish give more, and the selfish take more, so the latter are favored. But a closed group of the unselfish is more productive than a group of the selfish, who work against each other. 2) Lihangin’s name cannot be spoken, as he stands for the whirlwind and thus for all planets, each of which was signified by a consonant, as in the Hebrew Sefer Yezira. A series of consonants cannot be spoken, so often the vowel a was added, to form abracadabra or rather abacadafaga.

The shape of a nommo The dogon in West Africa attribute their knowledge of astronomy to their mentors, the watery nommo, who would come ashore as traders on their way to Venice and stand on their tail fins or webbed feet. The name of these fishy aliens seems to have come from a brief conversation, when they first appeared in moonlight to their African hosts: African: Hey! Who the devil are you? Pangu: Non aver paura, signore. Sono un uomo. African: A nommo? Good grief, where on earth are you from? [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 20

In effect, the mysterious nommo seems to have been only a man. The sign for a nommo with the tail of a fish or the feet of a penguin appears below an octagon in the upper right of a slab engraved by Knights Templar in captivity in the Dordogne. The crosses around it imply that it too has to do with the zodiac. The addition of a tail or webbed feet to the segment may be why the huts in Lepenski Vir, a 9000-year-old settlement by the Danube, had floor- plans in the form of an incomplete segment: what was added to the segment at the end of the axis was taken from the segment at the beginning.

The shape of a hut Each floor-plan was a segment without its tip, and the entrance was in the arc facing the river to the east. The old geocentric axis of the zodiac led from the sun’s position at the spring equinox to its position at the fall equinox so metaphorically from east to west, from dawn to dusk. In effect, a person entering a hut was starting on the path of life, so the village may have been used for initiation. Self-similarity, as shown by the huts, was a key part of the magi’s cosmology. Planets were said to regulate organs and organisms, so a person was viewed as an organ of society and also as a society of organs.

The shape of a vagina The mien is mostly in the form of a segment with the arc above and the point below, so it cannot easily stand as a . The solution in Lepenski Vir was to carve a female figure representing the whole axis, with her mien at the end and her vagina at the start.

The mien of a shuttle This shuttle is from the province Manabi on the coast of Ecuador.49 The mien at the wider end clarifies the symbolism. Once more I am obliged to Serge Belobaba, who led me to it by suggesting that some obscurities in ancient texts may be due to poor editing. Indeed, in Shakespeare’s The Tempest a ‘blew-eyed hag’ was changed into a ‘blue-eyed hag’, though the play is more about wind than about water, but the example offered by Serge was Jesus’ claim that it may be harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven than for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle. The heads of Navajo society to the east of the Pacific were called nadle or needles, and those of Tibetan society to the west were called lamas, as if

49 Pre-Columbian Ecuador Manabi stone netting tool. Pinterest, 2019 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 21 they were South American camels, but lana in Italian means wool (from a lama), so Jesus is saying that it may be harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven than for wool to be threaded through a needle. If the copyist had written wool instead of camel, it would not have been clear that wool from a lama was meant and that Jesus was posing as a herdsman from the Andes. In effect, the leaders of the little people in America were called needles (nadle) and those in Tibet were called threads (lama/lana), as their two communities viewed their relationship as symbiotic. This also implies that the geocentric axis of the zodiac led from a sign signified by a needle to a sign signified by a thread, so Serge’s allusion to Jesus’ needle suggested to me that the needle at the start of the axis had been in the form of a segment like a shuttle. I checked, and so it was, so an affluent doge may enter a haven or port as easily as wool may be threaded through the eye of a shuttle. The Hopi and Pueblo tribes also called the doges dragonflies, who shuttle to and fro across water. The dragonfly was considered a medicine animal, associated with healing and transformation, whose spirit was often called upon by medicine men and women. Killing a dragonfly was considered highly taboo in the Pueblo tribes.50

This too implies that relations between the magi and Cro-magnon were not limited to rape and slavery. On the contrary, the magi were so highly esteemed that offending them was taboo among certain tribes. Dragonflies are known popularly throughout Europe as the devil’s horse, as in Vienne in France (cheveau-au-diable) and in Romania (calul dracului), but the heirs of the wise monkeys were wise monks, so dragonflies are also known throughout France as monks and priests: prêtre (Loiret, Somme), curé (Somme), moine, moene, moénne (Vendée, Vienne, Saintonge, Orléanais), moungeto (provençal, castillan) and capélan (Hérault). A dragonfly is also a dragon or flying snake so is known in Brittany as a nadoz-aer, a needle-snake.51 Dragonflies also appear in folktales in Brittany, in one of which a kind person is given a dragonfly, a spider and a bee, who stand for the trinity of mothers, craftsmen and warriors. The two original factions were the mothers and craftsmen, so the dragonfly stood for the needle, and the spider for the thread. The Basque word for dragonfly is sorginorratz (witch-needle), so the Hopi and Pueblo were on the same wavelength as the Basques and Bretons. Like Pandora or Vanora, Basque witches were herbalists, as shown by the Zuberoan dialect in the east, in which the word for witch is belagile, from belar (grass, herb) and -gile (who makes).52

The domain of the beaver The 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West by Wu Cheng’en is like the Finnish Kalevala in being a series of folktales threaded together. The protagonist is a monkey born like a penguin from an egg, who spends his early years in a cave with other monkeys behind a waterfall. This may seem to be an unsuitable place for monkeys or humans to stay in, as whoever enters or leaves gets soaked through, but the same situation occurs in the Icelandic Edda, ascribed to Sæmundr Sigfússon, where the creature is not a monkey but an otter, who catches salmon, as they gather to leap up the fall.

50 Native American dragonfly mythology. www.native-languages.org/legends-dragonfly.htm, 2015 51 Le Quellec J-L. La mythologie des libellules. www.researchgate.net, Jan 1990 52 Uberuaga BP. Some important Basque words (and a bit of culture). www.buber.net, 23 Aug 1996 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 22

Unfortunately the æsir come while he is asleep and one of them throws a stone at him and kills him. The identity of the otter as one of the doges is clear in various ways. 1. The word otto is Italian for eight, the number of planets in the doges’ model of the system, and is also symmetrical so can reproduce by splitting like a nebula in the doges’ version of genesis. 2. As pointed out above, the little people seem to have hunted not only with bows but also with slings, so the otter’s death is presented as poetic justice. 3. The magi – both neanderthals and denisovans – were inclined to hibernate, be it to a different extent, so hibernation is a leitmotif in the Bible, where David finds Saul asleep in a cave and Jesus emerges from his ‘tomb’ at the start of spring, and in Shakespeare, where Hamlet’s father is killed while sleeping in his orchard and the good king Duncan while sleeping in his bed. Nonetheless, waterfalls are not so common as to grant many otters so tasty an opportunity, so it might have been advisable to create some like the nocturnal beavers, who live inside the barriers they create and whose entrances are only underwater. Since they invest a lot of effort in dam- making, they are strictly territorial and chase intruders away, but they are also altruistic, as a beaver sensing danger will quickly dive, slapping the water with the paddle of its tail. This reveals its own position to predators but prompts other beavers to get away. In effect the monkey in a cave behind a waterfall is a Chinese version of the otter behind a waterfall, who is a Norse version of the beaver inside his lodge, where he happily lives as a devil in the world of the dammed. The giant beaver lived till recently in North America., and beavers have webbed hind-feet like those of penguins. The connection of beavers with the mages is clear from a Blackfoot tale in which some men go in search of tobacco. They hear singing from the other side of a lake and go to investigate. It turns out to be coming from a beavers’ lodge, so they rip part of it open and find the beavers singing and dancing. The beavers are upset by the damage and say they will come and talk to them at night if they will kindly repair the hole. The intruders do so, then the beavers come to them in the form of men and tell them about tobacco, which they use for soothing neighbors and avoiding strife. 53 In effect, not all denisovans were doges, buying and selling other men’s produce; some of them lived inland by lakes or creeks, where they still fed mainly on fish.

The exodus Since neanderthals and denisovans were related to each other more closely than to Cro-magnon and also left Africa earlier, they are more likely to have left before branching off from each other than to have branched off in Africa before leaving separately, so by dating the branching, we may find out when they left Africa at the latest. According to their genes, their forerunners branched off from those of Cro-magnon about 25 900 generations ago, so if the generation gap was mostly about 25 years, this was about 647 500 years ago.54 They then branched off from each other about 300 generations or 7 500 years later, which is in line with supposing that they left Africa at the height of an interglacial, spent about 7 500 years together in a region populated with penguins, then parted.

53 Nawakosis, a Blackfoot legend. www.bigorrin.org. Archived from defunct www.geocities.com/rusticroots/ 54 Rodgers AR, Bohlender RJ & Huff CD. Early history of neanderthals and denisovans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 7 Aug 2017 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 23

Given that they left on the Indian Ocean gyre, the intermediate region must have been Antarctica or Australia. The objection to Antarctica is that it may have been too bleak to supply food for survival or materials to make new boats about 300 generations later, and the objection to Australia is that there would have been little reason for some settlers to move on after 7 500 years. There would certainly have been a reason to leave Antarctica at the onset of a new ice age, then according to the point where a boat left the coast, it would land on Australia or South America. During the last four interglacials or green ages, there was a stable warm period of 10 000 to 15 000 years in each case.55 A further tale from the Blackfoot is in line with the belief that magi not only visited Antarctica but also spent a long time there. A woman is married to the elder of two brothers but pines for the younger in vain so resolves to ruin him by accusing him of attempted rape. The elder one then takes his brother to an isle in the middle of a lake in the molting season, to gather feathers. While his brother is gathering feathers, he rows away, leaving his brother stranded. The younger brother proves to be resourceful and makes a hut of branches and a bed of feathers and clothes from the skins of ducks and geese. The beavers quietly observe him, then one day a little beaver invites him to his family’s lodge, where he is welcomed by the Great Beaver, so old that his fur is white. The Great Beaver asks him why he is there and is outraged on hearing of his brother’s treachery and lets him share their snug lodge for the winter and learn their magic and medicine. In spring, when his elder brother lands again and looks for his bones, he steps into the boat with the Great Beaver’s favorite son and rows home. There they build a holy beaver lodge and teach the people the beavers’ dances and songs. He rows the beaver back to the isle, and the Great Beaver is so relieved to see his son safe and sound that he gives the younger brother the pipe of peace.56 This sounds very much like a replay of the beavers’ own history. They are stranded on Antarctica for some time so gather branches to make shelters and feathers to fill eiderdowns and they cover themselves and their huts with the skins of penguins. Impressed by the young man’s thrift and candor and ability to cope with solitude, they accept him as one of their own. As regards beavers and solitude, the foremost player of the Japanese lute, the biwa or beaver, performed in the studio of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin in the late 80s to an audience of ten. His hosts apologized, but he replied that the lute used to be played by a person alone in the wilderness. Its bowl is flat and made of mulberry wood to damp resonance, but if the player is heard by a predator, his plectrum serves as a discus. Soon after the appearance of my Voyages of the Magi, new archaeological finds in Kakadu in northern Australia were dated back at least 65 000 years.57 Genetic divergence had shown that aborigines did not arrive till about 50 000 years ago, so the conclusion was obvious.58 Or was it? The findings could reignite a fierce debate over whether aborigines were responsible for the extinction of oversized animals including marsupial lions, three-metre kangaroos

55 How long can we expect the present interglacial period to last? USGS, science for a changing world, 2019 56 The story of two brothers: a Blackfoot legend. www.firstpeople.us, 2019 57 Davidson H & Wahlquist C. Australian dig finds evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago. The Guardian, 19 Jul 2017 58 Cooper D. World-first genome study reveals rich history of Aboriginal Australians. ABC News, Science, 21 Sep 2017 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 24

and rhino-sized wombats … The new study suggests humans entered Australia about 20,000 years before the megafauna vanished.59

No line is drawn between modern and archaic humans, who may have reached Australia much more than 20 000 years before the extinctions. What the evidence rather implies is that archaic humans took care to preserve the ecology whereas Cro-magnon did not. A few days later, the genetic evidence was further ignored on the site of an organization based in Geneva: Lead author, Associate Prof Chris Clarkson, from the University of Queensland, states that some 11,000 artifacts from Kakadu national park prove indigenous people have been in Australia for far longer than previously thought … Some of the artifacts were potentially as old as 80,000 years … It puts to rest the idea that aboriginal people wiped out the megafauna very quickly.60

What it rather puts to rest is the notion that vanity must yield to evidence, not evidence to vanity. Only a few months earlier, biologists had presented the evidence clearly: Fungal spores from plant-eating mammal dung were abundant in the sediment core layers from 150,000 years ago to about 45,000 years ago, when they went into a nosedive, said Miller, a professor in the Department of Geological Sciences. ‘The abundance of these spores is good evidence for a lot of large mammals on the southwestern Australian landscape up until about 45,000 years ago,’ he said. ‘Then, in a window of time lasting just a few thousand years, the megafauna population collapsed.’61

Clarkson assumes that only a small group of modern humans could have been brainy enough to have created more than 11 000 artifacts overnight for no good reason. Even less time elapsed between the appearance of my Voyages of the Magi and the discovery near San Diego in California of evidence of archaic humans in the Americas ‘between 120 000 and 140 000 years ago’.62 I had not been alone in surmising that archaic humans had reached Australia and America long before the arrival of Cro-magnon, since Jim O’Connell of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City had done the same on the basis of other evidence. Nonetheless he was surprised by the age of the finds in California, though the doges must have arrived there very much earlier. The same pattern of extinction has since been found on Madagascar as on Australia. A team of scientists led by international conservation charity ZSL (Zoological Society of London) discovered that ancient bones from the extinct Madagascan elephant birds (Aepyornis and Mullerornis) show cut marks and depression fractures consistent with hunting and butchery by prehistoric humans. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, the team were then able to determine when these giant birds had been killed, reassessing when humans first reached Madagascar.

Previous research on lemur bones and archaeological artifacts suggested that humans first arrived in Madagascar 2,400-4,000 years ago. However, the new study provides evidence of human presence on Madagascar as far back as 10,000 years ago – making

59 Ross J. Aborigines came here 20,000 years before megafauna vanished. The Australian, 20 Jul 2017 60 Anon. Evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago. Bradshaw Foundation, 24 Jul 2017 61 Watts A. Humans, not climate change, wiped out Australian megafauna. University of Colorado, 20 Jan 2017 62 Greschko M. Humans in California 130,000 years ago? National Geographic, 26 Apr 2017 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 25

these modified elephant bird bones the earliest known evidence of humans on the island. Lead author Dr James Hansford from ZSL’s Institute of Zoology said: ‘We already know that Madagascar’s megafauna – elephant birds, hippos, giant tortoises and giant lemurs – became extinct less than 1,000 years ago. There are a number of theories about why this occurred but the extent of human involvement hasn’t been clear.

‘Our research provides evidence of human activity in Madagascar more than 6,000 years earlier than previously suspected – which demonstrates that a radically, different extinction theory is required to understand the huge biodiversity loss that has occurred on the island. Humans seem to have coexisted with elephant birds and other now-extinct species for over 9,000 years, apparently with limited negative impact on biodiversity for most of this period, which offers new insights for conservation today.’63

Once more, there seems to be no need for ‘a radically different extinction theory’ but only for a clear line between different humans. As regards the early humans on Madagascar: We do not know the origin of these people and won’t until we find further archaeological evidence, but we know there is no evidence of their genes in modern populations.64

In my Voyages of the Magi, I pointed out that small-brained humans had reached Flores by sea about 800 000 years ago, so long trips by a brainier race were already feasible. Other researchers suggested that Homo floriesiensis had branched off from then had shrunk in adopting to life on the island, so his brain had shrunk too from about 900 to 380 cc. Stone tools and a butchered rhinoceros more than 700 000 years old have since been found on Luzon in the Philippines, so the early arrival of humans on Flores seems to be part of a pattern. What was unusual about Cro-magnon very much later was not that he spread but that he spread like a swarm of locusts.

The doges’ science Uranus must have been was discovered before the sun-centered model of the system, as shown by language, since the orb on the rim was often given the same name in reverse as the orb at the hub. At the hub was a pool (the sea-covered earth) and at the rim was a loop (the orbit of the outermost planet). A big pool is also a lake, so the orb on the rim was Kal or Kaal, the ruler of time, moving slowly over the dial of the zodiac. It might be supposed that Kaal was Saturn, not Uranus, but Kaal appears in Hinduism as Kala Bhairava, the creator of the Ashta Bhairavas, who must have been 8 in number, as they combined with a further set of 8, to form 64 pairs. These Ashta Bhairavas got married to Ashta Matrikas … From these Ashta Bhairavas and Ashta Matrikas 64 Bhairavas and 64 Yoginis were created.65

In effect a set of 8 planets can pair with their 8 positions in the zodiac at birth in 64 ways. The doges’ belief that planets are used by our cells as timers and regulators can easily be checked with the help of freeware.

63 Ancient bird bones redate human activity in Madagascar by 6,000 years. Science Daily, 12 Sep 2018 64 Same 65 Wikipedia. Bhairava, 2019 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 26

But firstly thanks are due to ‘the reputed diplomat, former Kuwait ambassador and novelist B. M. C. Nair’, who was born on the 20th of May, 1941, in Aluva and died at 10 30 pm on the 14th of June, 2018, in Anna Nagar.’66 It was he who assured me during his years in West Berlin that astrology is effective and widely esteemed in India. The reason is that planets are sensed as blending if at certain intervals to each other, and astrologers have long been measuring angles instead of intervals. These are seldom equivalent, as the earth is tilted and different parts of the zodiac rise at different rates. The discrepancy is less near the equator, so astrology is more reliable there but would be reliable everywhere if properly used.

The births of composers We can check astrology in its original form by noting the names of top classical composers listed in the Wikipedia and by taking the tallying birth data, if available, from Astrodata. It would be useful to increase the small size of the resulting database by adding top British composers not already included, but I have found and added only the data of Delius. Intervals are measured between the planets’ rising and birth, and results are noted in 24 one-hour zones. The zones are then grouped into sets of three, so as not to split clusters up into separate zones. The scale thereby begins with the set of zones 24, 1 and 2, with 1 as the median value; the next set has 4 as the median value; and so on. For the sake of clarity, the scale is extended to cover 48 hours by duplicating the results.

The sun and inner planets

75 composers: the rising of the sun, Mercury & Venus at birth

50 45 40 35 s e

s 30 Sun a c

f 25 Mercury o

r

e Venus

b 20

m Sum u 15 N 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Hours before birth

66 Renowned diplomat and novelist BMC Nair passes away. Mathrubhumi, 15 Jun 2018 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 27

There are 24-hour, 12-hour and 6-hour cycles, culminating one hour before birth, and the sum of the effects is more regular than the separate effects, as if all three orbs were involved. The significance can be assessed by treating the regular crests as one set of values and the regular troughs as another. Mercury is always near the sun, so positive results for the sun increase the likelihood of positive results for Mercury and the other way round, but the same is not true of the sun and Venus: Venus’ distance from the sun is 108.2 million km as compared with the earth’s distance of 149.6 million km, so the angle subtended at the earth by the sun and Venus can be as much as 36°. On average it is 36° * sin 45°, when Venus has moved through an eighth of its orbit after passing in front of or behind the sun. This comes to 25.45°, and a 3-hour zone on the scale encompasses on average 45°, so if the sun is in the middle of a zone, Venus is slightly more likely to be outside it than inside it, and if the sun is at the edge of a zone, the chances are 50:50. All in all, an effect for the sun is unlikely to create the same effect for Venus, so their effects can be treated as independent. Their significance can then be assessed by treating the four crests as one set of values and the four troughs as another. Here are the single values.

Hours 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 Sun 18 09 09 08 10 05 13 03 Venus 12 09 11 07 11 04 11 10 Total 30 18 20 15 21 09 24 13

The values in the crests are: 30+20+21+24 = 95, and the values in the troughs are 18+15+9+13 = 55. The likelihood is only 0.0011, which is just over one in a thousand.

The moon and outer planets The outer planets taken into account are Vesta, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Chiron, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. With the moon, they are nine altogether.

75 composers: the rising of the moon & outer planets at birth

140

120

100 s e s

a 80 c

f o

r

e 60 b m u

N 40

20

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Hours before birth [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 28

There seem to be no regular waves, since the two crests are 9 hours apart, and 9 is no simple fraction of 24, but the distribution is not random. The sun and inner planets rose most often about 1 hour before birth, and owing to the earth’s motion and parallax, outer planets linger longer in conjunction with the sun than in opposition to it, but planets rose in the nine hours before this zone (81+111+128) = 320 times, and in the nine hours after this zone (72+69+85) = 226 times. The likelihood of such an unequal distribution is only 5,90E-05, so why did the outer planets tend to rise in the half day before birth or sunrise?

Effect sizes If snow falls onto two jam-jars for 24 hours and one of them is covered after 12 hours, the amount of snow falling in the last 12 hours is shown by the difference in height between the snow in the two jars. In the case of the sun and Venus, the overall difference between crests and troughs comes to 95-45 = 50, as if this were the number of births timed by these orbs. By chance, there should be no difference in the number of times in which the moon and outer planets rise before birth and after birth, but the difference is 320-226 = 94. Paradoxically we have a sample of 75 composers, and evidence that 50 births were timed by the sun or Venus and 94 by the moon or outer planets. This comes to 144 out of 75 births, but the paradox lies only in assuming that the ratio of timers to births is bound to be 1:1.

Auxiliaries The main crest for the sun, Mercury and Venus is in the set of zones centered on zone 1; the main crest for the moon and outer planets is in the set of zones centered on zone 4 and the minor crest is in the set of zones centered on zone 13. The intervals are 4-1 = 3 hours and 13-1 = 12 hours. Both 3 and 12 are simple fractions of 24, so apparently about 144-75 = 69 births were timed by a planet with an auxiliary, whose chance presence had a lasting effect, as if planets were not only timers but also regulators of epigenetic changes. Apparently, our sensors react primarily to atmospherics, not to planets, so if waves from one planet are in phase with waves from another, the two planets are sensed as being a single hybrid, and a person affected becomes hybrid too. Plainly, this muddle could be avoided quite easily if each sensor reacted to only its own planet under all conditions, and any muddle should be resolved, as the planets move on. The fact that the hybrids last a lifetime implies that they are often useful, as in the case of composers.

A slight discrepancy In commenting on the Gauquelins’ results, Geoffrey Dean has written that ‘misreporting by 3% of the sample would explain the result.’67 In other words, the effect is due to only 3% of the births, whereas in my investigation it is due to (144 * 100)/75 = 192%. There is a discrepancy of 189%.

A technical detail The times noted were not the times when the planets themselves rose, but the times when the tallying points on the plane of planets (the zodiac) rose. This presupposes that planets create atmospherics through a field on the plane of the system.

67 Wikipedia. Mars effect. 2019 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 29 The basic polarity Stan Gooch assumed that we live in a normal world so should try to behave normally, but in fact the world swings between the extremes of night and day, winter and summer, ice age and green age and lingers like a pendulum by its extremes, so as Joseph said to Pharaoh, there are fat years and lean years for us to adapt to. In fact we do adapt, as shown by Alberto Saco Álvarez of Vigo University in terms of correlations between certain ailments and the amount of solar activity at conception.68 He at first supposed that solar activity acts as interference, but a lessening of activity lessens the likelihood of only some ailments while increasing the likelihood of others, so the correlations seem to be due to adaptation. Ice ages and green ages are due respectively to less and more solar activity, so our cells register the amount of solar activity and use it as a guide to the climate.

Sunspots & Ailments

Cancer infantile

Cancer breast/colon n o i

t Alzheimer p e c

n Birth anomalies o c

t a

y Sclerosis t i v i t c

a Schizophrenia

r a l o

S Diabetes mellitus

Autism

-1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Correlation

In ice ages, there is less greenery and animals are few and far between, so humans have to adapt to solitude (autism), to less sugary food (diabetes) and to long cold winters (schizophrenia being the state of the would-be hibernating), whereas in green ages, there is more greenery and animals are more numerous and closer together, increasing the risk of infection. To nip infection in the bud, the threshold for an immune reaction has to be lower, though this leads to more inflammation and thus to more birth anomalies and cancer. A fiercer immune reaction also explains multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s, as the former may be due to harm done by the immune system to the sheathes of nerve cells; and Alzheimer’s is due to microbial booby traps strewn more liberally in the brain.69 In effect, the above ailments are not due to bodies behaving abnormally but are due to trade-offs. As conditions change, our bodies have to adapt by assessing the changing risks. In a monsoon we may wear Wellingtons then find it harder to run for a bus. Unlike Cro-magnon, neanderthals and their 68 Álvarez, AS. Effects of extremely low frequencies on human health. Advanced Research in Scientific Areas, Dec 2012 69 Kumar DKV et al. Amyloid-ß peptide protects against microbial infection in mouse and worm models of Alzheimer’s disease. Science Translational Medicine, 11 Jul 2017 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 30 kin spent hundreds of thousands of years outside the tropics, so the green-age phenotype was typical of Cro-magnon and the ice-age phenotype of the magi. In the lush tropics, the main challenge is competition, so there is a rush to resources, whereas in bleak regions, there are isolated pockets of resources out of the reach of rivals, so there is thrift and planning. The motto of Cro-magnon must have been ‘first come first served’ and the motto of the magi have been ‘waste not, want not’. Moreover, the magi’s powers of visualization let them grasp patterns more amply and easily and plan better. Their hybrid offspring are known as schizotypes, owing to their leaning towards schizophrenia, and the inverse correlation of this with solar activity is shown below. Among people born at the height of solar activity around 1958, there were no acute cases of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.70

At the other end of the spectrum, there are the so-called electrosensitive, whose sensors are really less sensitive in being unable to draw a clear line between man-made emissions and solar activity. They wrongly inform the body that a green age is at its height, then the body over-reacts, increasing the risk of autoimmune ailments and hypoglycemia,. This is the opposite of diabetes, insofar as sugar is processed too fast, leaving the body limp and the vision blurred. Blurred vision is also affecting white sharks along the coast of California, where they normally hunt seals but are mistakenly killing sea-otters.71 These rely on thick fur, not fat, to stay warm, so are useless to sharks as food and are left uneaten. The one consolation to sea-otters is that sharks are finding it harder to make them out in forests of kelp.72

The magi’s demise Since the magi have been replaced by modern humans, who are generally more than 95% Cro- magnon, it has long been assumed that they must have been somehow inferior, and the fact that they were able to reign supreme in their own domain for hundreds of thousands of years is put down to

70 Ventriglio A et al. Birthdates of patients affected by mental illness and solar activity. Advances in Space Research, April 2011 71 Welch C. Mysterious great white shark attacks on sea otters surge. National Geographic, 23 June 2016 72 Bodin M. Sea otters are walled in by hungry sharks. Hakai Magazine, 16 Mar 2018 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 31 the lack of competition. The picture becomes less simple if the survival of the fit is redefined as the survival of the fitting. If a socket is changed, a plug may become unfit through no fault of its own. Cro-magnon’s superiority was also said to be shown by the blossoming of culture on his arrival, as if he had rushed at once into the deepest and darkest caves, to vaunt his abilities as a painter. This surmise made little sense, especially as the quality of art declined together with the neanderthal population. It has since been shown that cave art on the Iberian peninsula goes back at least 65 000 years, though Cro-magnon did not arrive till about 45 000 years ago.73 Apparently, neanderthals and their kin were no less logical or artistic than Cro-magnon, so what put an end to them? Here are some possibilities: Murder and rape This was Gooch’s surmise, and certainly there is evidence of strife in the Iliad, where flat-footed Hector is chased and killed by Achilles, in the Chinook tale of Coyote and Wishpoosh (Vishnu), where Coyote kills the giant beaver Wishpoosh for not letting him fish in his lake, and in Beowulf (Beaver-Wolf), where a wolf-like foreign warrior kills a mother’s only son then chases her to her beaver-like home in a lake, but the genetic evidence suggests that cross-breeding involved Cro- magnon women, not men, and folktales from Brittany and elsewhere present changelings as the loved offspring of erudite doges. Diverse rates of reproduction Some paleoarchaeologists have hypothesized it’s possible they simply couldn’t reproduce fast enough to keep up with the modern humans moving into Europe around that time.74

For about 3 000 000 years, there had been a blanket agreement to keep the rate of reproduction down to replacement level, so there had been no competition to breed faster. What or who could have torn the agreement up? New diseases Other paleoarchaeologists suggest modern humans … infected them with novel diseases.

This presupposes that the magi and Cro-magnon were out of touch for hundreds of thousands of years then a reencounter was fatal. Certainly, they must have been out of touch for a very long time: Today’s humans tend to have few of the neanderthal genes that are activated in the testes or located on the X chromosome. In organisms such as fruitflies, such patterns are hallmarks of hybrid sterility, indicating that two populations are too distantly related to breed successfully. Modern humans and neanderthals ‘were at the edge of biological incompatibility.’75

But the doges’ holy spirit appears in Tibet as Vairocana, in the Andes as Wiracocha and in Finnland as Wirokanna, and the doges appeared on Hokkaido, in Tibet, in Africa, in Europe and in North

73 Marris E. Neanderthal artists made oldest-known cave paintings. Nature, 22 Feb 2018 74 Daley J. Climate change likely iced neanderthals out of existence. Smartnews, Smithsonian.com, 29 Aug 2018 75 Same [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 32

America as the dogū, dzogchen, dogon, doges and djogeon. In Australia they were also known as the wandjina, which is Viking for water-jinn (wandjinn), and tales about changelings in Europe imply that there was plenty of interaction in later times. After all, if mixed marriages could seldom produce offspring, the small portion of neanderthal and denisovan genes in modern humans implies a big portion of mixed marriages. Climate change Temperatures affect the growth and chemical composition of stalagmites, which rise from the floors of caves, and those in a Romanian cave imply that there were two very cold spells at about the time of neanderthal extinction: A particularly cold, dry period began about 44,000 years ago and lasted 1,000 years. Another cold dry period began 40,800 years ago, lasting about 600 years. It was cold enough that average temperatures dropped to below zero, creating year-round permafrost.76

But this should have driven neanderthals south, not Cro-magnon north and should hardly have affected the mobile doges, especially as the temperatures in northeastern Australia varied little from green age to ice age. A tsunami According to Plato: ‘there occurred violent earthquakes and floods,’77 decimating the doges’ navy. Likewise, the red-headed kelp-otter-man was valued for his singing, good humor and seamanship, but if he appeared onboard a vessel, it was deemed to be as doomed as the Flying Dutchman. Indeed, flying ships appear in many tales about the little people. In a Russian folktale, the tsar offers his beautiful daughter to anyone able to build a flying ship, so three sons of a peasant couple set out. Two of them are conceited and the youngest is a fool, and the first two meet a little man near a crossroads. He is hungry, but they offer him none of their good food and move on. The fool offers him some of his poor food, then the little man kindly tells him how to make a flying ship. On his way to the tsar, he picks up many odd people unable to find work, such as one with exceptional hearing and one with one leg, who could reach the end of the world in nearly one bound. On his arrival, the tsar has no wish to let his daughter marry a peasant so tries to cheat him, but the fool’s passengers then use their odd abilities and enable him to marry the princess.78 A variant of the tale appears among the Passamquoddy people in the northeast of Maine. The youngest of three brothers is kind to an old woman (Kaal in person), so she teaches him how to make wooden moccasins, then a wooden canoe and finally a flying canoe.79 In a tale from the Seneca people further west, a boy poorly clothed by his uncle strays into territory belonging to the djogeon dwarfs. The little people receive him kindly and let him step into their

76 Same 77 Timaeus 78 Wikipedia: The fool of the world and the flying ship, 2019 79 The flying canoe. www.indigenouspeople.net, 2016 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 33 canoe, which rises into the air and flies to their cave. Offered a small squirrel which he has killed with an , they dress him in the finest deerskin clothes and teach him their night dances.80 In the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo shows the ferryman Charon in a winged boat. Most likely, these flying boats were catamarans skimming over the sea like dragonflies.

The magi’s legacy The fragmentation of knowledge has led to an odd situation in which the nature and achievements of archaic humans have survived in fables, myths and the arts but are disregarded by historians of art and science. For instance, according to the Wikipedia, It was not until the 16th century that a mathematical model of a heliocentric system was presented by the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer and Catholic cleric Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution. In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptic orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope.

An ellipse is the intersection of a cone by a plane, and a cone of herbs was borne by Hanuman and a conical jar by Pandora; astronomers in the wore conical gold hats; a unicorn had a conical twisted horn, and minarets are cones with spiraling stairs. This implies that the magi had been able to see and identify a series of seven planets, then on the basis of precise and carefully safeguarded observations, they had realized that their distances from the sun are 20u, 21u, 22u and so on, where u is the basic unit of distance and that Freya and Freyr (Venus and the Earth in the cosmology of the vanir) are twins in sharing a single position in the series. Moreover, the dogon are said to have known that Saturn has rings and Jupiter moons, though these can be seen only through a telescope, be it only a tube of cane with a lens of polished rock crystal. 81 If everyone, barring one or two eccentrics, had believed that planets orbit the earth, Pharaoh Ikhnaton would have had no reason to associate himself with the sun and to declare: When you set in the western light-land, Earth is in darkness, as if death. The sleepers are in their chambers, heads covered, no eye seeing the other. One could steal their goods from under their heads, they would not notice it. Every lion comes from its den. The serpents bite. Darkness hovers, Earth is silent, for its creator rests in the light-land.82 The little people were later recalled by the Spanish royal family, whose members were portrayed by Velásquez as Snow-white and the seven dwarfs in Las Meninas, where the blonde princess is waited on by a dwarf and a dog. Dogs were associated with doges, since some of the latter lived in caves taken over from hyenas, then dogs were needed to guard them, so the doges were also the dog-men, or the canoe-men were also the canine-men. But while the royal family was posing as a group of doges, its agents were gathering golden artifacts from the Incas and melting them down, to eradicate all memories of the old order.

80 The gifts of the little people, www.indigenouspeople.net, 2016 81 Griaule M & Dieterian C. The Dogon of the French Sudan, 1948 82 Ikhnaton (trans. Dungen). Hymn to the Sun [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 34

The end of the old order is presented in the gospels in the form of Maria’s child Jesus, who as the son of an unmarried mother becomes a militant preacher, and it is presented at the end of the Finnish epic Kalevala in the form of Marjatta’s child, who as the son of an unmarried mother becomes a warrior. Jesus wins the support of priests by precociously giving a sermon, and Marjatta’s baby wins the support of the doge Wirokanna by speaking in his own defense. In other words, both children are taken to be swiftly maturing hybrids, born after brief pregnancies, so are hesitantly accepted as genuine magi. To priests, Galilei’s offense lay not in advocating the sun-centered model of the system but in doing so unambiguously on behalf of colonial powers. The World Wild Life Fund has presently two vacancies, each of them prefaced with the following lines: Our world needs you like never before. We are the first generation to know we are destroying the world and we could be the last that can do anything about it. We’re looking for people who are passionate about making it politically, socially and economically unacceptable to destroy our planet’s natural resources. We need you to join us in the fight for our world.

This ignores a blanket agreement on sustainability with a 3 000 000 year-old pedigree and ignores the fact that Cro-magnon spread to islands already colonized by archaic humans, who had lived there for hundreds of thousands of years without harming the ecology. However reckless he was on his arrival, he can hardly have overlooked his impact, as his prey became extinct. In Irish myth, the warrior Diarmuid impregnates another man’s wife and has to seek food elsewhere, so he flees with his conquest to a rowan tree guarded by a one-eyed giant. The giant grimly agrees to offer them shelter, as long as they steal none of his berries and thereby endanger his own survival. They accept his offer, then Diarmuid kills him and eats the berries. The giant has a clear notion of sustainability and makes no secret of it, but Diarmuid briskly ignores it. The doges appeared in Alaska as the kushtaka (curs d’aigua/watercourse in Catalan), who often appeared in the guise of otters. As their resources were endangered by newcomers and their population declined, they resorted to intermarriage, but the newcomers were warned by their leaders not to oblige or their spirits would be unable to reincarnate. Stan Gooch already noted the concern for sustainability: Numerous large-scale prehistoric mines and quarries (have been) recently discovered in various parts of southern Africa. The most ancient of these mines so far found is 100,000 years old … One of the largest sites evidenced the removal of a million kilos of ore … Some were open quarries, others had true mining tunnels. In all cases, however, these excavations had been painstakingly refilled when the site was abandoned … The in-fill, the Swazi say, is required to placate the Earth spirits, especially the great plumed serpent – to whom in any case daily offerings of meal, tobacco and water must be made.83

A plumed serpent is a feathered snake or dragon and stands for the version of genesis favored by the doges and their kin. The ore is mainly red ocher, since the red planet Mars was in the middle of the geocentric series – earth/moon, sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn – and thus stood for the old order. An

83 Gooch S. Cities of Dreams, Ch.2, Aulis, 1995 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 35 addiction to tobacco was typical of the magi, and the mines are near the coast, as if doges were offered red ocher and tobacco in exchange for goods from elsewhere but accepted them only if the land were not disfigured. Otters are considered lucky animals in many Native American cultures, and the otter is a symbol of loyalty and honesty in some West Coast tribes … It was taboo to eat land- otter in many Pacific Northwest tribes, and in colonial times, the trapping of land-otters to sell their furs to non-natives became a source of tension in some communities.84

A séance on Guernsey The doges were recalled by French revolutionaries, who wore Phrygian caps in the shape of neanderthal craniums, and they were recalled by a pen-and-wash drawing by Victor Hugo, born only seven years earlier than Charles Darwin in 1802. After Louis Napoleon seized power in 1851, Hugo left for Brussels, moved on to Jersey then settled on Guernsey from 1855 to 1870. On Jersey he was visited by Delphine de Girardin, a socialite with a taste for spiritualism. Messages spelled out by raps on a table seemed to come from his daughter Léopoldine, who had died while canoeing ten years earlier. From then on, he felt the presence of spirits, heard knocks in walls and singing, felt swishes in rooms, touches on his shoulders and breaths on his cheeks. One night in 1864, the name auxcriniers (at the manes) popped into his mind.85 The magi seem to have crossed the sea by catamaran and the steppes on horseback, so the seahorse (hippokampos) was a unifying symbol. Hugo applied the name to the spirits apparently mediating between him and the world of the dead. His illustration of one at the start of this review is based on Bes, a stocky Egyptian ‘deity’ fond of music and dancing. Hugo identified him as one of the little people familiar by on Guernsey as well as in Brittany, as shown by the dedication of his novel Les travailleurs de la mer (The Workers of the Sea, 1866): I dedicate this book to the rock of hospitality and freedom, to this corner of the old earth of Normandy, where there live the little people of the sea, on the isle of Guernsey, severe and gentle, my present exile, probably my tomb.

The doges appeared in northern Europe as the kelp-otter-men like one here in a 19th century illustration. Their American identity is clear from the natural habitat of the marine otter on the west coast of South America and from a North Fresian tale, in which one appears as a dwarf with a pipe onboard a ship. The captain is keen to humor him and sends his cabin boy to fetch food, but the boy steals some for himself then is cuffed on the ear by a flying

84 Native American Otter Mythology. www.native-languages.org, 1998-2015 85 Guillemin, H. Hugo. Seuil, Paris 1993 [email protected] Stan Gooch and the Ancient Mariners 36 hand. This is known among the Seneca by Lake Canandaigua as oniate, the hand of a djogeon dwarf preserved as a relic like that of Saint Paul on Malta. Oniate is un yate, a yacht in Castilian, as if a boat were likened to a hand with the masts as fingers. Hence captains would call: All hands aboard!86 The branching of fingers from a palm like fronds from a palm-tree stood for the holy version of genesis, in which a spiral nebula divides and subdivides into planets. In a tale from the island Rügen an old sailor tells his favorite son: Take care to do no wrong, and above all let no trace of injustice arise in the kelp-otter- man’s domain. Stay faithful and honest, not too concerned about riches, then your little ship, as shabby as it may look, will bring you countless blessings, and the kelp-otter- man will always be your best friend.87

The doges’ dragon-prowed vessels skimmed over the kraal like dragonflies over a pond, bewitching the wind and waves with their siren (sea-wren) song.

86 Philippson H. Sagen und sagenhaftes auf der Insel Föhr: eine Flasche Wein und zwei Gläser für den Kapitän, Garding, 1911 87 Die Sage von Ruthwer, Rügen