DOCSLIB.ORG

Behavior of Bluefin Tuna Schools in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean As Inferred from Fishermen's Logbooks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Behavior of Bluefin Tuna Schools in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean As Inferred from Fishermen's Logbooks BEHAVIOR OF BLUEFIN TUNA SCHOOLS IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN AS INFERRED FROM FISHERMEN’S LOGBOOKS, 1960-67’ J. MICHAELSCOTT’ AND GLENNA. FLITTNER3 ABSTRACT Fishermen’s records of 8,059 purse-seine sets made on TILunnus thynnus (bluefin tuna) were examined for the period 1960-67. A total of 3,538 sets were identified as to school type. The majority of these sets were made within 90 miles of the beach off southern and Baja California from lat 23ON to 34ON. The region was divided into a northern and southern area on the basis of biological and oceanographic factors. Significant differences were observed in the occurrence of the six most common school types between the northern and southern most areas of the fishery. The difference in occurrence of the jumping, boiling, and shining schools was related to the relative absence of red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) in the northern area and to differences in the for- aging behavior of T. thynnus on baitfish and red crabs. Differences in vulnerability to capture and catch per successful set were noted among the five most common daytime schools as well as with respect to time of day. Purse-seine sets made with the assistance of airborne spotters had larger catches and a greater percentage success than did unassisted sets. In addition the percentage of a particular school type taken with aircraft assistance was inversely proportional to the visibility of the schools from the mast. The existence of different school types in scom- schools commonly encountered in the eastern broid fishes has been noted by several authors. tropical Pacific. McNeely (1961) stated that the In 1931, Suzaki (as cited by Uda, 1933) rec- California tuna fishermen recognized several dif- ognized five types of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus ferent school types for yellowfin (Thunnw aG pelamis) schools in the western tropical Pacific. bncares), skipjack, and bluefin tuna (T. thy+ Kimura (1954) listed six types of skipjack tuna nus). Scott (1969) described 16 different school schools. To these Inoue (1959) added three ad- types for the eastern Pacific tunas, listed fish- ditional types based on behavior and association ermen’s synonyms, and placed them into two of the tuna with animals and inanimate objects. major groups and five lesser categories on the Ogilvie (1949)’ described 10 types of tuna basis of time of day, depth of occurrence, and association with other animals and floating ob- This work was initiated while both authors were jects. employed in the Tuna Resources Laboratory of the Bu- Various attempts have been made to correlate reau of Commercial Fisheries (now the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center) under the type of school with fishing success. Uda the direction of Dr. Richard R. Whitney, then leader of (1933) and Uda and Tukusi (1934) attempted the Tuna Behavior Program.- to show an “index of biting” for the different * Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Coyallis, OR 9733L school types as did Kimura (1954). Inoue Bureau of Marine Sciences, San Diego State College, (1959) correlated the percentage success of the San Diego, CA 92115. ’ Ogilvie H. 1949. Description of various types of Japanese purse seiner fleet with school types for tuna schoois, of behavior methods of fishing and pro- yellowfin, skipjack, and bluefin tuna in the west- duction possibilities in reiation to pole and line fishing encountered in Central America. Inter-American Trop- ern tropical Pacific. Inoue’s data indicated that ical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. 5 p. (Manuscr.) possible differences in school size and vulnera- Manuacript accepted April 1972. FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 70. NO. 3. 1972 915 FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 70. NO. 5 bility to capture existed among the various turing a larger school later in the day. school types as well as between the three species. In regard to the second assumption, fishermen generally agree that it is extremely difficult to “cut” a tuna school with their nets; it appears MATERIALS AND METHODS to be an all-or-nothing situation. Typically a fisherman will catch 1,!i ton or less when the In order to describe the schooling behavior of school is missed. These fish usually are en- T. thynnus in the eastern North Pacific and to trapped in net folds during the pursing oper- relate this behavior to percentage of successful ation and are unable to escape with the main sets and catch per successful purse-seine set, body of the school being set upon. The constant California fishermen’s logbooks were analyzed fraction, therefore, approaches zero. That the for the period 1960-67. Abstracts of these logs second assumption does not hold in every case were made available through the courtesy of the was recognized by the original proponents Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. (Orange, Schaefer, and Lacmie, 1957). We have A purse-seine set is defined as that operation assumed also that the fraction of fish retained in which the net is laid out around a school of in the net from a school escaping capture is the fish and the bottom of the net drawn together, same for all school types, as well as for all times capturing the fish, which are then transferred of day; these are factors which need additional to the vessel (Orange, Schaefer, and Larmie, study. 1957). A complete description of the fishing op- Fishermen identify schools to species with con- eration is given by McNeely (1961). For the siderable skill, but the system of identification purposes of this paper the term “school” will is difficult to describe. Their ability to judge apply to that quantity of fish captured in a suc- tonnage, however, is very good after the fish cessful set of the net. No assumptions as to the are inside the net and in full view of the mast- configuration of the school nor the orientation man. The airborne spotters are extremely good of the fish within the school will be made (see at estimating school size. Williams, 1964; Breder, 1967). Bluefin net sets were defined to be: 1) all Orange, Schaefer, and Larmie (1957) made sets in which 90% or more of the total tonnage several assumptions in analyzing single set data landed was T. thynnus, 2) all no-catch sets in from fishermen’s logbooks, and other workers which T. thynnus was clearly identified as the have followed (Broadhead and Orange, 1960; pursued species, and 3) all sets in which it could Whitney, 1969). These assumptions are: be determined from location, water temperature, date, time, and previous and later sets by the 1. A set of the net is made on a single school same or other boats operating nearby that it of fish. was T. thynnus being sought and/or captured. 2. Either the entire school is captured or each Using the above criteria, we determined that a set captures a .constant fraction of the minimum of 8,059 sets were made on T. thynnus school upon which it is made. and 65,478 tons landed by the eastern North 3. Vessel masters can estimate accurately the Pacific high seas purse-seine fleet during the tonnage from individual sets of the net. period 1960-67. Of these sets, 43.9% were ident- ified in the logbooks as to school type. In addition, it is assumed that the schooling be- All weight references in this paper are ex- havior described in ship’s logs indicated the pressed in short ton units. school type evident when the fish were first ob- served. The average size of all schools may actually SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR be smaller than those cited by the fishermen be- The terminology of school types used in this cause small schools of 2 tons or less may be paper is that of Scott (1969) (Table 1). T. passed over by the fishermen in the hope of cap- thynnus exhibited 13 different types of schooling 916 SCOTT and FLI'ITKER: BEHAVIOR OF BLUEFIN TUNA SCHOOLS TABLE1.-Terms used by southern California purse-seine with the assistance of airborne spotters have tuna fishermen to describe various types of tuna schools been separated. The effects of airborne spotters and associations (from Scott, 1969). on catch data will be discussed later in this School fish Associated schools' paper. Surface schools' Fish and mammals1 Of the 13 school types observed, only 6 were Breezer Porpoise schools recorded often enough (50 or more times) to Finner Spotters Jumper Spinners warrant attention. Boiler, foamer, Spotters and spinners smoker, or meatball Whitebelly Whole schools Subsurface schools' GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION Shark schools Black spot, dark spot, T. thyitnus is taken along the coast of Baja brown spot, green spot, lnanimote obiect association' California and southern California from lat or black ball Log school Shiner Bait boot 23"N to 34"N. Occasionally fish are taken north of this area, especially in warm water years, but Night schools' Fireball, ardura, they are few, and seiner operations are severely glow spot, white spot, limited by prevailing weather and sea conditions. or flare PODOW The greatest percentage of the bluefin catch is 1 These terms are used for organization of the table and are not used made within 90 miles of shore near shoals, banks, by the fishermen. reefs, and islands. We have divided the area of the fishery into behavior and 12 different combinations of these two major areas: that area north of lat 28'59" to the commercial fishermen. There were dif- and the area south of and including that same ferences in frequency of occurrence, size of the latitude (Figure 1). There is some biological schools, and vulnerability to capture between the basis for this division, as Punta Eugenia marks schools (Table 2).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Breeding in an Oceanic Population of Pleuroncodes Planipes (Crustacea, Galatheidae) 1 ALAN R
    Breeding in an Oceanic Population of Pleuroncodes planipes (Crustacea, Galatheidae) 1 ALAN R. LONGHURST2 AND DON L. R. SEIBERT'l ABSTRACT: The pelagic population of Pleuroncodes planipes known to occur in the California Current Extension is partly recruited by drift of megalopas from neritic regions and partly, as demonstrated by EASTROPAC samples, by breeding in situ , THE DISTRIBUTION of pelagic adults and larvae samples; only size frequencies of night samples of the galatheid crab Pleuroncodes planipes in are used here. the California Current has been described re­ Adults of Pleuroncodes planipes, none of cently (Boyd, 1963, 1967; Longhurst, 1967, which had carapace lengths exceeding 15 mm, 1968). These studies showed the regular occur­ were found early in the year in northern Area 1. rence of an oceanic population of small adults This population (carapace length 9 to 13 mm) far beyond the normal neritic habitat and indi­ shifted its locus in late summer until, at the end cated how this expatriate population might be of the year, all occurrences were south of 14° recruited from megalopas derived from the N ; the second winter cruise (February-March neritic population along the west coast of Baja 1968) showed that the population had shifted California. north again to a locus between 14° to 20° N. The Eastern Tropical Pacific (EASTROPAC) In Area 2, adults were present only after Au­ expeditions (February 1967 to March 1968 gust-September, when a population of very from 20° N to 20° S and from the American small (6 to 8 mm) . adults appeared in the sam­ continent out to 126° W) afforded an oppor­ ples and remained through the end of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • HMS App a August 2003
    APPENDIX F U.S. WEST COAST HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES: LIFE HISTORY ACCOUNTS AND ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS (Originally Appendix A to the FMP) U.S. West Coast Highly Migratory Species Plan Development Team Pacific Fishery Management Council Originally Available January 16, 2003 HMS FMP - Appendix Fi June 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVIEW OF METHODS AND DEFINITIONS.............................................F-1 1.0SHARKS ....................................................................F-1 1.1Common Thresher ...........................................................F-1 1.1.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Common Thresher ................................F-4 1.2Pelagic Thresher.............................................................F-5 1.2.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Pelagic Thresher..................................F-6 1.3Bigeye Thresher .............................................................F-7 1.3.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Bigeye Thresher ..................................F-9 1.4Shortfin Mako ...............................................................F-9 1.4.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Shortfin Mako ...................................F-12 1.5Blue Shark.................................................................F-12 1.5.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Blue Shark......................................F-16 2.0TUNAS.......................................................................F-16 2.1Albacore ..................................................................F-16 2.1.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Albacore .......................................F-20
    [Show full text]
  • The Pelagic Phase of Pleuroncodes Planipes Stimpson (Crustacea, Galatheidae) in the California Current
    THE PELAGIC PHASE OF PLEURONCODES PLANIPES STIMPSON (CRUSTACEA, GALATHEIDAE) IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT ALAN R. LONGHURST' Institute of Marine Resources and Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California INTRODUCTION 140 meters with a 1-meter zooplankton net; details of the sampling procedure and of the location of sta­ The planktonic habit may be prolonged into or re­ tions are described elsewhere (e.g. Ahlstrom, 1948; cur in the adults of two species of Galatheidae. Harri­ son Matthews (1932) uses the terms "lobster-krill" CalCOFI, 1963). or "whale feed" in reference to these: Munida gre- The data consist of records of the numbers of garia (Fabricus) of southern South America and pelagic crabs removed in the laboratory from each of New Zealand, and Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson zooplankton sample before voluming, and these num­ the red or pelagic crab of California and Mexico. bers were extracted for the present study from the Both occur at times as conspicuous concentrations of original data sheets. The actual specimens had neither apparently adult crabs on which baleen whales are been measured nor were subsequently retained except known to browse (Harrison Matthews, 1932) ; in addi­ during 8 months of 1960 when the whole catch of tion, the studies of Me Hugh (1952) and Alverson pelagic crabs was measured by Boyd (1963) who (1963) on the tuna Thunnus alalunga, Katsuwonus recorded a range in standard carapace length of from pelamis and Thunnus albacares have shown that 7 to 20 mm; it has been assumed here that the Cal­ Pleuroncodes is a significant food item during their COFI data to be discussed refer only to subadult and summer migration into the California Current; for adult crabs within this size range.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California Waters
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t5868rd Authors Pinkas, Leo Oliphant, Malcolm S Iverson, Ingrid L.K. Publication Date 1970-06-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 152 Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters By Leo Pinkas , Malcolm S. Oliphant, and Ingrid L. K. Iverson 1971 1 2 ABSTRACT The authors investigated food habits of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, and bonito, Sarda chiliensis, in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1968 and 1969. While most stomach samples came from fish caught commercially off southern California and Baja California, some came from fish taken in central Califor- nia, Oregon, and Washington waters. Standard procedures included enumeration of food items, volumetric analysis, and measure of frequency of occur- rence. The authors identified the majority of forage organisms to the specific level through usual taxonomic methods for whole animals. Identification of partially digested animals was accomplished through the use of otoliths for fish, beaks for cephalopods, and the exoskeleton for invertebrates. A pictorial guide to beaks of certain eastern Pacific cephalopods was prepared and proved helpful in identifying stomach contents. This guide is presented in this publication. The study indicates the prominent forage for bluefin tuna, bonito, and albacore in California waters is the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Food Habits Study of Organisms of the California Current System, (Project 6–7-R), was an investigation estab- lished under contract between the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Habits of the Common Thresher Shark (Alopias Vulpinus) Sampled from the California-Based Drift Gill Net Fishery, 1998-1 999
    PRETI ET AL.: FEEDING HABITS OF COMMON THRESHER SHARK CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 42, 2001 FEEDING HABITS OF THE COMMON THRESHER SHARK (ALOPIAS VULPINUS) SAMPLED FROM THE CALIFORNIA-BASED DRIFT GILL NET FISHERY, 1998-1 999 ANTONELLA PRETI SUSAN E. SMITH AND DARLENE A. RAMON California Department of Fish and Game National Marine Fisheries Service, NOM 8604 La Jolla Shores Dnve Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037 P.O. Box 271 sharksharkshark@hotniail coni La Jolla, California 92038 ABSTRACT (Compagno 1984). It is epipelagic, gregarious, and cos- The diet of common thresher shark (Alopius vulpinus) mopolitan, and in the northeastern Pacific seems to be from US. Pacific Coast waters was investigated by means most abundant within 40 miles of shore (Strasburg 1958). of frequency of occurrence, gravimetric and numerical Its known range extends from Clarion Island, Mexico, methods, and calculating the geometric index of im- north to British Columbia; it is common seasonally from portance (GII) of prey taxa taken from stoniachs col- mid-Baja California, Mexico, to Washington state.' It lected by fishery observers from the California-based is the leading commercial shark taken in California, drift gill net fishery. Sampling was done from 16 August where it is highly valued in the fresh fish trade (Holts et 1998 to 24 January 1999, a time when the California al. 1998). It is also sought by recreational anglers for its Current was undergoing rapid change from El Niiio to fighting ability as well as food value, especially in south- La Niiia conhtions. Of the 165 stomachs examined, 107 ern California.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet of Oceanic Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta) in the Central North Pacific
    Diet of oceanic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the central North Pacific Item Type article Authors Parker, Denise M.; Cooke, William J.; Balazs, George H. Download date 29/09/2021 11:03:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/26255 ART & EQUATIONS ARE LINKED Preflight Good 142 Abstract — Diet analysis of 52 log- gerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) Diet of oceanic loggerhead sea turtles collected as bycatch from 1990 to 1992 (Caretta caretta) in the central North Pacific in the high-seas driftnet fishery oper- ating between lat. 29.5°N and 43°N and between long. 150°E and 154°W Denise M. Parker demonstrated that these turtles fed Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research predominately at the surface; few 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive deeper water prey items were pres- La Jolla, California 92037 ent in their stomachs. The turtles Present address: Northwest Fisheries Science Center ranged in size from 13.5 to 74.0 cm National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA curved carapace length. Whole tur- Newport, Oregon 97365-5275 tles (n=10) and excised stomachs E-mail address: [email protected] (n=42) were frozen and transported to a laboratory for analysis of major faunal components. Neustonic species William J. Cooke accounted for four of the five most AECOS, Inc. common prey taxa. The most common 970 N. Kalaheo Avenue, Suite C311 prey items were Janthina spp. (Gas- Kailua, Hawaii 96734 tropoda); Carinaria cithara Benson 1835 (Heteropoda); a chondrophore, Velella velella (Hydrodia); Lepas spp. George H. Balazs (Cirripedia), Planes spp. (Decapoda: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu Laboratory Grapsidae), and pyrosomas (Pyrosoma National Marine Fisheries Service spp.).
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Suppression in the Pelagic Crab, Pleuroncodes Planipes, in Oxygen Minimum Zones T ⁎ Brad A
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 224 (2018) 88–97 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpb Metabolic suppression in the pelagic crab, Pleuroncodes planipes, in oxygen minimum zones T ⁎ Brad A. Seibela, , Bryan E. Luub,1, Shannon N. Tessierc,1, Trisha Towandad, Kenneth B. Storeyb a College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 830 1st St. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA b Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada c BioMEMS Resource Center & Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA d Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The pelagic red crab, Pleuroncodes planipes, is abundant throughout the Eastern Tropical Pacific in both benthic Protein synthesis and pelagic environments to depths of several hundred meters. The oxygen minimum zones in this region Hypoxia reaches oxygen levels as low as 0.1 kPa at depths within the crabs vertical range. Crabs maintain aerobic me- Zooplankton tabolism to a critical PO2 of ~0.27 ± 0.2 kPa (10 °C), in part by increasing ventilation as oxygen declines. At Hypometabolism subcritical oxygen levels, they enhance anaerobic ATP production slightly as indicated by modest increases in Vertical migration lactate levels. However, hypoxia tolerance is primarily mediated via a pronounced suppression of aerobic me- tabolism (~70%). Metabolic suppression is achieved, primarily, via reduced protein synthesis, which is a major sink for metabolic energy. Posttranslational modifications on histone H3 suggest a condensed chromatin state and, hence, decreased transcription.
    [Show full text]
  • 10-16-15 Mation Call 648-5760
    Kiosk In This Issue Fri. Oct. 16 Poetry Reading Artist/Author Tom Killion $10 Donation free to Friends of the Library at the Library 5:30-7 PM • Sat. Oct. 17 Annual Rummage Sale 9 AM - 4 PM Christian Church 442 Central Ave, P.G. Red Lobster Thingies - Page 4 His oeuvre - so far - Page 11 Storytellers sought - Page 18 • Sat. Oct 17 Kids 5-11 Make Seascape Banners Pacific Grove’s to hang in the Library With Margie Anderson and Julie Heilman $10/child, $15 family • Sat. Oct. 17 The Music of John Denver with Jim Curry and special guest Pete Huttlinger at Performing Arts Center Times 835 Forest, Pacific Grove October 16-22, 2015 Vol. VIII, Issue 3 $25 admission Your Community NEWSpaper online at www.performingartscenterpg.org or at the door • Mon., Oct. 19 New Pro at It’s Now Official. And Early. 6:00 - 8:30PM Local Coast Program Update Commmunity Workshop #1 Pacific Grove PG Community Center. 515 Junipero Ave. Golf Links has Topics: Scenic Views, Commercial Uses, Coastal Park Planning, Trails & Resource Great Plans Management By Peter Mounteer • Fri. Oct. 23 Kurt Vogel is here to do some- St. Angela’s Preschool thing different with Pacific Grove Golf Food & Wine Fundraiser Links. Working for Petaluma-based golf 6:30-10 at the parish hall management company, CourseCo, Vogel $40 per person as general manager of the Pacific Grove Ca.. 831-372-3555 for details Golf Links wants to improve how things • are done at the 83-year-old golf course. Sat. Oct. 24 Just over one year ago, citing reve- Downtown Trick-or-Treat nue concerns, the City of Pacific Grove for children agreed to lease the municipal golf course accompanied by adults • Free • to CourseCo for 10 years minimum and Wed., Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • STATE of the CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2018–19: a NOVEL ANCHOVY REGIME and a NEW MARINE HEATWAVE? Calcofi Rep., Vol
    STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2018–19: A NOVEL ANCHOVY REGIME AND A NEW MARINE HEATWAVE? CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 60, 2019 STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2018–19: A NOVEL ANCHOVY REGIME AND A NEW MARINE HEAT WAVE? ANDREW R. THOMPSON* MATI KAHRU EDWARD D. WEBER National Marine Fisheries Service AND RALF GOERICKE AND WILLIAM WATSON Southwest Fisheries Science Center Scripps Institution of Oceanography National Marine Fisheries Service 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive University of California, San Diego Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, CA, 92037-1509 La Jolla, CA 92093 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive [email protected] La Jolla, CA 92037-1509 CLARE E. PEABODY ISAAC D. SCHROEDER1,2, National Marine Fisheries Service JESSICA M. PORQUEZ1, STEVEN J. BOGRAD1, ELLIOTT L. HAZEN1, Southwest Fisheries Science Center JANE DOLLIVER1, MICHAEL G. JACOX1,3, ANDREW LEISING1, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive DONALD E. LYONS1,2, AND AND BRIAN K. WELLS4 La Jolla, CA 92037-1509 RACHAEL A. ORBEN1 1Southwest Fisheries Science Center 1Department of Fisheries and Wildlife National Marine Fisheries Service TIMOTHY R. BAUMGARTNER, Oregon State University 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A BERTHA E. LAVANIEGOS, Hatfield Marine Science Center Monterey, CA 93940-7200 LUIS E. MIRANDA, Newport, OR 97365 ELIANA GOMEZ-OCAMPO, 2Institute of Marine Sciences 2National Audubon Society University of California AND JOSE GOMEZ-VALDES 104 Nash Hall Santa Cruz, CA Oceanology Division Corvallis, OR 97331 and Centro de Investigación Científica y Southwest Fisheries Science Center Educación Superior de Ensenada JEANNETTE E. ZAMON NOAA Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918 Northwest Fisheries Science Center Monterey, CA Zona Playitas C.P.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1940 Ricketts-Steinbeck Sea of Cortez Expedition: an 80-Year Retrospective Guest Edited by Richard C
    JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST Volume 62, Number 2 Summer 2020 Edited by Jeffrey M. Banister THE SOUTHWEST CENTER UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA TUCSON Associate Editors EMMA PÉREZ Production MANUSCRIPT EDITING: DEBRA MAKAY DESIGN & TYPOGRAPHY: ALENE RANDKLEV West Press, Tucson, AZ COVER DESIGN: CHRISTINE HUBBARD Editorial Advisors LARRY EVERS ERIC PERRAMOND University of Arizona Colorado College MICHAEL BRESCIA LUCERO RADONIC University of Arizona Michigan State University JACQUES GALINIER SYLVIA RODRIGUEZ CNRS, Université de Paris X University of New Mexico CURTIS M. HINSLEY THOMAS E. SHERIDAN Northern Arizona University University of Arizona MARIO MATERASSI CHARLES TATUM Università degli Studi di Firenze University of Arizona CAROLYN O’MEARA FRANCISCO MANZO TAYLOR Universidad Nacional Autónoma Hermosillo, Sonora de México RAYMOND H. THOMPSON MARTIN PADGET University of Arizona University of Wales, Aberystwyth Journal of the Southwest is published in association with the Consortium for Southwest Studies: Austin College, Colorado College, Fort Lewis College, Southern Methodist University, Texas State University, University of Arizona, University of New Mexico, and University of Texas at Arlington. Contents VOLUME 62, NUMBER 2, SUmmer 2020 THE 1940 RICKETTS-STEINBECK SEA OF CORTEZ EXPEDITION: AN 80-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE GUesT EDITed BY RIchard C. BRUsca DedIcaTed TO The WesTerN FLYer FOUNdaTION Publishing the Southwest RIchard C. BRUsca 215 The 1940 Ricketts-Steinbeck Sea of Cortez Expedition, with Annotated Lists of Species and Collection Sites RIchard C. BRUsca 218 The Making of a Marine Biologist: Ed Ricketts RIchard C. BRUsca AND T. LINdseY HasKIN 335 Ed Ricketts: From Pacific Tides to the Sea of Cortez DONald G. Kohrs 373 The Tangled Journey of the Western Flyer: The Boat and Its Fisheries KEVIN M.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacean Phylogeny…? Nauplius • First Larva Stage of Most “It Can Be Concluded That Crustacean Crustaceans
    Bio 370 Crustacea Main arthropod clades (Regier et al 2010) Phylum Arthropoda http://blogs.discoverm • Trilobita agazine.com/loom/201 0/02/10/blind-cousins- Subphylum (or Class) Crustacea to-the-arthropod- • Chelicerata superstars/ Mostly aquatic, with calcified exoskeleton. • Mandibulata – Myriapoda (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) Head derived from acron plus next five segments- so primitively has 5 pairs of appendages: – Pancrustacea • Oligostraca (Ostracoda, Branchiura) -2 pair antennae • Altocrustacea - 1 pair of jaws – Vericrustacea - 2 pair of maxillae » (Branchiopoda, Decapoda) - usually a median (cyclopean) eye and – Miracrustacea one pair of compound eyes » Xenocarida (Remipedia, Cephalocarida) » Hexapoda Tagmosis of trunk varies in different taxa Crustacean phylogeny…? Nauplius • first larva stage of most “It can be concluded that crustacean crustaceans. phylogeny remains essentially unresolved. • three pairs of appendages • single median (naupliar) eye Conflict is rife, irrespective of whether one compares different morphological studies, molecular studies, or both.” Appendages: Jenner, 2010: Arthropod Structure & Development 39:143– -1st antennae 153 -2nd antennae - mandibles 1 Bio 370 Crustacea Crustacean taxa you should know Remipede habitat: a sea cave “blue hole” on Andros Island. Seven species are found in the Bahamas. Class Remipedia Class Malacostraca Class Branchiopoda “Peracarida”-marsupial crustacea Notostraca –tadpole shrimp Isopoda- isopods Anostraca-fairy shrimp Amphipoda- amphipods Cladocera- water fleas Mysidacea- mysids Conchostraca- clam shrimp “Eucarida” Class Maxillopoda Euphausiacea- krill Ostracoda- ostracods Decapoda- decapods- ten leggers Copepoda- copepods Branchiura- fish lice Penaeoidea- penaeid shrimp Cirripedia- barnacles Caridea- carid shrimp Astacidea- crayfish & lobsters Brachyura- true crabs Anomura- false crabs “Stomatopoda”– mantis shrimps Class Remipedia Remipides found only in sea caves in the Caribbean, the Canary Islands, and Western Australia (see pink below).
    [Show full text]
  • Tunas, Billfishes and Other Pelagic Species in the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2016
    TUNAS, BILLFISHES AND OTHER PELAGIC SPECIES IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN IN 2016 A. The fishery for tunas and billfishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean ....................................................... 3 B. Yellowfin tuna ................................................................................................................................... 65 C. Skipjack tuna ..................................................................................................................................... 76 D. Bigeye tuna........................................................................................................................................ 79 E. Pacific bluefin tuna ........................................................................................................................... 90 F. Albacore tuna .................................................................................................................................... 97 G. Swordfish ........................................................................................................................................ 106 H. Blue marlin ...................................................................................................................................... 110 I. Striped marlin .................................................................................................................................. 112 J. Sailfish ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]